2017年北京市东城区高三5月综合练习第二次模拟试题英语

2017年北京市东城区高三5月综合练习第二次模拟试题英语

1 2017 年北京市东城区高三 5 月综合练习第二次模拟试题英语 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分） 第一节单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分） 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The young man has ______ experience. He probably can’t do that job. A. few B. little C. some D. any 解析：考查名词，句意：这个年轻人几乎没有经验，他可能做不了那份工作。Experience 作 “经验”之意时，为不可数名词，作“经历”之意时，为可数名词，且根据句意可知，此处的 experience 表示“经验”，故不可用 few, some,或 any 修饰，故选 B. 答案：B 2. He couldn’t make his voice ______ above the noise of the traffic. A. to hear B. hearing C. heard D. hear 解析：考查非谓语动词，句意：他的声音盖不过交通噪音。句子结构完整，所以需将 hear 变换成非谓语动词的形式，且根据句意，他不能让他的声音“被听见”，动词-ed 形式表示被 动或完成，本句中的 heard 做宾语补足语，故选 C. 答案：C 3. I ordered a drink while I______ for my friends to come. A. will wait B. am waiting C. would wait D. was waiting 解析：考查时态，句意：我在等朋友来的时候，点了一瓶酒。观察主句中的“ordered”可知， 事件发生在过去，且从句由 while 引导，所以从句应用过去进行时，故选 D. 答案：D 4. ---Where are you going to hang the picture? ---I haven’t decided yet. I _____ hang it in the dining room. A. might B. must C. need D. would 解析：考查情态动词，由句意：你准备把这幅画挂在哪？我还不确定，可能会把它挂在餐厅， 可知，此人并不确定要把这幅画挂在哪，may/might 可表示“可能性”，故选 A. 2 答案：A 5. The store______ I bought my textbooks is having a sale this week. A. that B. where C. which D. why 解析：考查定语从句，句意：在我买课本的那个商店这周要进行大甩卖，先行词 store 表示 地点，且从句 I bought my textbooks 结构完整，故选择关系副词 where 修饰表示地点的先行 词，在定语从句中做地点状语，故选 B. 答案：B 6. Their flight ______ due to bad weather. They would like to know when the flight will take off. A. had been delayed B. was delayed C. has been delayed D. will be delayed 解析：考查时态，句意：由于天气不好，他们的航班已经延迟了，他们想知道航班何时能起 飞。现在完成时表示已经完成动作的结果对现在仍有影响，本题中航班延迟使得乘客不耐烦 地等待，所以 delay 应使用现 在完成时，故选 C. 答案：C 7. Reading is a good way _____ a child’s imagination at an early age. A. to develop B. developing C. develop D. developed 解析：考查动词不定式，句意:阅读是培养孩子早期想象力的好方法，本题中的不定式作定 语修饰 way，故选 A. 答案：A 8. Agatha didn’t tell me ______ she would pick up her son from school. A. which B. when C. where D. what 解析：考查连接副词，句意;Agatha 没有告诉我她什么时候去学校接她儿子，本题的从句属 于 tell 后的宾语从句，又根据句意应使用表示时间的连接副词 when, when 在从句中作状语， 故选 B. 答案：B 9. ______ a book in front of your face, you’ll feel the air moving against your face. A. Waved B. Wave 3 C. To wave D. Waving 解析：考查非谓语动词，句意:在脸前挥舞一本书，你就会感到空气在脸上流动。 主语 you 和 wave 为逻辑上的主动关系，动词-ing 形式表示主动， 在这里 wave 的-ing 形式引导条件 状语，故选 D. 答案：D 10. We packed all the books in the wooden boxes_______ they wouldn’t get damaged. A. as long as B. as if C. in case D. so that 解析：考查短语词组，as long as 只要，as if 好像，in case 以防，万一，so that 以至于；根据 句意：我们把所有的书都打包放进木箱子里，以防损坏，故选 D. 答案：D 11. You’ll recognize me when you get out of the station. I______ jeans and a white T-shirt. A. will be wearing B. had worn C. was wearing D. have worn 解析：考查时态，根据句意：你出站的时候，就会认出我来，我将穿一条牛仔裤和一件白衬 衫，可知 wear 的动作发生在将来，故选 A. 答案：A 12. It is well known _____Confucius was born in the city of Qufu in Shandong province, China. A. whether B. where C. that D. what 解析：考查连接词，句意：众所周知，孔子出生在中国山东省的曲阜市，本题中 it 做形式 主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句，故选 C. 答案：C 13. If you were to have a few minutes free, I______ the opportunity to ask you one more question. A. would appreciate B. would have appreciated C. were to appreciate D. had appreciated 解析：考查虚拟语气，句意：如果你有几分钟的空闲时间，我将会珍惜这个机会再问您一个 问题，将来时的虚拟语气中，从句为: if+主语+were to do/should do/动词过去式，主句为：主 语+should/would +do，故选 A. 答案：A 4 14. If you can do what you’re weakest ______, you can handle any challenge. A. for B. at C. with D. to 解析：考查介词固定搭配，句意：如果你能做你最不擅长的事情，那么你就能面对任何挑战 了，be weak at 意为“对……不擅长，在……方面是弱势”，故选 B. 答案：B 15. Nobody can go back and start a new beginning, ______ anyone can start now and make a new ending. A. for B. and C. but D. so 解析：考查逻辑连接词，空格前的句意为“没有人可以返回过去重新开始”，空格后的句意 为“谁都可以从现在开始做个新的结束”，所以前后句是转折的关系，故选 C. 答案：C 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Love Is Blind: The Magic of Tabby In October, 2003 I started my work at my local animal shelter’s Adoption Department. Over the years, more than 50,000 animals have ____16____ the doors of the shelter. Most of them, I do not remember. But occasionally there are ____17____ animals, who touch me so deeply that I could never possibly ____18____ them. Tabby was one such animal. Tabby was an ancient Cocker Spaniel, probably 14 years old. What’s more, she was blind and deaf. Tabby’s chances at adoption seemed ____19____at best. After all, we didn’t have many adopters coming in ____20____, “Can you show me all of your really old dogs who are also ____21____ ?” We had all thought that Tabby would live out the rest of her life at the ____22____. One day a woman named Loretta came to the shelter. Her son, Gary, had ____23____ Tabby’s picture and stories on the shelter’s website at home. They were interested in meeting her! It was the only ____24____ we ever received about Tabby. What could a young child possibly see in a 14-year-old dog who was both blind and deaf? Most boys would want a dog who could grow with them and ____25____ through grassy fields on summer days. Tabby would ____26____ be able to do that. But after meeting her, Loretta and Gary decided that she was the right dog for their family. They adopted Tabby! If Tabby’s story had simply ended with her ____27____ adoption, it would still have been something very special indeed. ____28____, it was what happened after her adoption that people might regard as “magic”. Gary ___29___ from seizures(癫痫). Since Gary and Tabby met they became ____30____. They did everything together. They became so “in tune” with one another that Tabby began to telegraph Gary’s seizures ____31____ they occurred, giving his family 5 ____32____ that one was about to strike. What’s more, Gary seemed to be having fewer and fewer seizures since Tabby’s ____33____. How could it be? Nobody could explain ___34___ Tabby did it. But those of us who were fortunate enough to know her and her family had ____35____ the magic, the kind that has its roots in love. 16. A. broken B. passed C. painted D. locked 解析：考查动词词义辨析，broken 打破，passed 通过，painted 画画，locked 锁上，根据文章 第一句，作者工作在当地动物庇护所的收养部门，所以按照逻辑，应该是有超过五万的动物 被领养，即经过了庇护所的大门，故选 B. 答案：B 17. A. strange B. active C. wild D. special 解析：考查形容词词义辨析，strange 奇怪的，active 活跃的，wild 野性的，疯狂的，special 特殊的，特别的， 结合下文可知，作者举例说明了一只叫 Tabby 的狗，它又聋又瞎，但却 被一位叫 Gary 的男孩意外收养，所以作者强调偶尔也会有一些很特别的狗，故选 D. 答案：D 18. A. recall B. leave C. forget D. abandon 解析：考查动词词义辨析，recall 回想，leave 离幵，forget 忘记，abandon 抛弃，根据空格 前的句子 who touch me so deeply，可知，有一些特别的动物非常打动我，所以我可能永远不 会“忘记”它们，故选 C. 答案：C 19. A. remote B. great C. fair D. potential 解析：考查形容词词义辨析，remote 遥远的，渺茫的，great 棒的，fair 公平的，potential 有 潜力的，根据“She was blind and deaf”，可知它又聋又瞎，所以应该是最没有机会被领养的， 故选 A. 6 答案：A 20. A. wondering B. stating C. seeking D. asking 解析：考查动词词义辨析，wonder 想知道，state 叙述，seek 寻找，ask 询问，根据逻辑，领 养者应该是上门询问的，且其后跟的句子是疑问句，所以应该是“询问”故选 D. 答案：D 21. A. stubborn B. active C. disabled D. patient 解析：考查形容词词义辨析，stubborn 固执的，active 活跃的，disabled 残疾的，patient 有耐 心的，结合前句：很多领养者不会前来询问‘你能给我看看你们所有年纪大的狗，而且又…… 吗’，可知此处应是个贬义词，又因为此段谈论的 Tabby 是有生理缺陷的，故选 C. 答案：C 22. A. hospital B. shelter C. farm D. roadside 解析：考查名词词组辨析，hospital 医院，shelter 庇护所，farm 农场，roadside 路边，结合 句意：我们都认为 Tabby 将在……度过她的后半生了。结合上下文，如果 Taddy 没有人收 养，那么就会在庇护所度过她的后半生，故选 B. 答案：B 23. A. posted B. taken C. seen D. drawn 解析：考查动词词义辨析，posted 张贴，taken 带走，seen 看见，drawn 画画,Gary 在来收养 部门之前，已经在网站上看过 Tabby 的照片和故事了，故选 C. 答案：C 24. A. letter B. donation C. call 7 D. enquiry 解析：考查名词词义辨析，letter 信，donation 收养，call 电话,enquiry 询问，根据前文，这 对母子对 Tabby 很感兴趣，他们想收养 Tabby,所以这是唯一一次我们收到的关于 Tabby 的 询问，故选 D. 答案：D 25. A. get B. run C. look D. break 解析：考查动词词组辨析，将选项中的动词与其后的介词相组合，分别是 get through 完成， run through 跑步通过，look through 浏览，break through 取得突破，根据句意，大多数男孩 都想要一只和他们一起成长、夏天可以在草地上穿越奔跑的狗，故选 B. 答案：B 26. A. often B. possibly C. never D. generally 解析：考查副词词义辨析，often 经常，possibly 可能，never 从不，generally 大体上，根据 前句“大多数男孩都想要一只和他们一起成长、夏天可以在草地上穿越奔跑的狗”，但是这些 Tabby 从来都做不到，故选 C. 答案：C 27. A. successful B. normal C. temporary D. early 解析：考查形容词词义辨析，successful 成功的，normal 正常的，temporary 短暂的，early 早的，根据前文可知，Tabby 的领养是成功的，故选 A. 答案：A 28. A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Otherwise 解析：考查逻辑连接词，however 然而，表示转折，moreover 此外，表示递进，therefore 因 此，表示因果，otherwise 否则，不然，表示条件，结合空格前句意;如果 Tabby 的故事仅仅 8 以它得以成功收养而结束，那它仍然可以算得上是很特别的一件事；以及空格后句意：就是 在收养之后发生了一个奇迹，可知，前后两句存在转折关系，故选 A. 答案：A 29. A. learnt B. suffered C. heard D. differed 解析：考查动词词义辨析，learnt 学习，suffered 遭受，heard 听见，differed 不同，由于后面 的宾语是一种疾病，故选 B. 答案：B 30. A. indifferent B. uncomfortable C. unfortunate D. inseparable 解析：考查形容词词义辨析，indifferent 漠然的，uncomfortable 不舒服的，unfortunate 不幸 的，inseparable 不能分离的，根据后一句“They did everything together”可知，他们从一见面 就难以分离，故选 D. 答案：D 31. A. since B. unless C. before D. though 解析：考查连接词，since 自从，既然，unless 除非，before 在……之前，though 即使，结合 句意：Tabby 在 Gary 的癫痫发生……，开始透露要犯病的征兆，可知，应该是在犯病之前 就给出预告，故选 C. 答案：C 32. A. explanation B. notice C. suggestion D. warning 解析：考查名词词义辨析，explanation 解释，notice 注意，通告，suggestion 建议，warning 警告，结合前一句，Tarry 会在 Gary 犯病之前给出要犯病的征兆，所以这会给他的家人一个 预警，故选 D. 答案：D 33. 9 A. arrival B. birth C. return D. recovery 解析：考查名词词义辨析，arrival 到达，来到，birth 出生，return 归还，recovery 恢复，根 据句意：自从 Tabby 的到来后，Gary 的癫痫犯得越来越少了。故选 A. 答案：A 34. A. where B. how C. when D. whether 解析：考查宾语从句连接词，where 询问地点，how 询问方式，when 询问时间，whether 是 否，询问条件，根据句意：没有人能解释 Tabby 是如何做到的，所以是询问方式，故选 B. 答案：B 35. A. witnessed B. created C. achieved D. performed 解析：考查动词词义辨析，witnessed 见证，created 创造，achieved 完成，performed 执行， 结合文意：我们能够了解她和她的家庭、……这个奇迹，已经足够幸运了。所有发生的这一 切都是在他们的见证下，故选 A. 答案：A 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Finding a New Spring A tradesman was leading a caravan(商队) to another country to sell his goods. Along the way they came to the edge of a severe hot-sand desert. They learnt that during the daytime the sun heats up the fine sand until it’s as hot as charcoal, so no one can walk on it -- not even bullocks(小 公牛) or camels! So the caravan leader hired a desert guide, one who could follow the stars, so they could travel only at night when the sand cools down. They began the dangerous night-time journey across the desert. A couple of nights later, after eating their evening meal, and waiting for the sand to cool, they started out again. Later that night, the desert guide, who was driving the first cart, saw from the stars that they were getting close to the other side of the desert. He had also overeaten, so that when he relaxed, he fell asleep. Then the bullocks who, of course, couldn’t tell directions by reading the stars, gradually turned to the side and went in a big wide circle until they ended up at the same place they had started from! By then it was morning, and the people realized they were back at the same 10 spot. They lost heart and began to cry about their condition. Since the desert crossing was supposed to be over by now, they had no more water and were afraid they would die of thirst. They even began to blame the caravan leader and the desert guide. However, the leader himself didn’t lose courage. He began walking back and forth, trying to think out a plan. Remaining alert, out of the corner of his eye, he noticed a small clump of grass. He thought, "Without water, no plant could live in this desert." So he asked his fellow travelers to dig up the ground on that very spot. They dug and dug, and after a while they got down to a large stone. He got down into the hole, put his ear to the stone, and heard the sound of flowing water. A spring was found. All the people were overjoyed. They drank and bathed and washed the animals and cooked their food and ate. Before they left, they raised a high flag so that other travelers could see the new spring in the middle of the hot-sand desert. Then they continued on safely to the end of their journey. 36. Why did the tradesman and his caravan have to travel during the night? A. To use less water while crossing the desert. B. It was too hot to walk on the desert in the daytime. C. They might be able to find the spring in the quiet night. D. The guide could find a short way by following the stars. 解析：考查细节理解，根据文中第一段“So the caravan leader hired a desert guide, one who could follow the stars, so they could travel only at night when the sand cools down.”可知，这个商队的 领导者雇了一个可以跟随星星的沙漠向导，所以他们可以在晚上等沙子变凉的时候，再行进， 故选 B. 答案：B 37. Why did the group feel so desperate when they were back to the starting point? A. They were in danger of dying of thirst. B. They were running out of food. C. Their guide had lost the way. D. Their leader had lost heart. 解析：考查文章细节理解，根据文中第二段“Since the desert crossing was supposed to be over by now, they had no more water and were afraid they would die of thirst”可知，他们到目前为止， 理应走完沙漠的，但现在他们没有水了，害怕会渴死，所以他们感到绝望，故选 A. 答案：A 38. What is the moral of the story? A. Never give up too easily. B. Don’t mind what others think of you. C. Don’t forget sorrow follows extreme joy. D. Never refuse to offer help when you are needed. 解析：考查文章整体把握，通读文章可知，这个商队雇佣的沙漠向导在行进的过程当中睡着 了，所以整个队伍失去了方向，他们几经寻找方向后无果，随带的水也已经喝完，他们都绝 望不已，但商队的这名领导者并没有放弃，苦苦想着办法，最终依靠自己的判断力帮助大家 找到了水源，拯救了整个商队，所以这篇文章的寓意就是“不要轻易放弃”，故选 A. 答案：A 11 B One man who sold tickets on the train from 1959 to 1965 Clive Codrington, pointed out that the tracks which passed through Knolly’s Tunnel and the area of Tabaquite were not originally intended for passenger trains. “They were really used for the transport of cocoa and coffee,” he said. Construction on Knolly’s Tunnel began in 1896, and it was opened on August 13th,1898 by the man it was named after---Sir Clement C. Knolly, Acting Governor of Trinidad. It linked Rio Claro with Port of Spain. Its architecture is still admired and studied today, and many are amazed that Knolly’s Tunnel has stood up to the earth’s movement over so many years. Much research is being done on the tunnel. At the top of Knolly’s Tunnel are cottages covered with leaves, where visitors can sit and enjoy the beauty of nature. Standing at the beginning of Knolly’s Tunnel, you can see nothing but the tiny light at the end. The train tracks have been removed and replaced with small stones. Visitors can drive through the tunnel or walk through, but should do so in groups for safety. In the old days, there were no lights, but now there are street lights on the way to the tunnel, though not inside. On your way in, you may notice some manholes on the walls of the tunnel. These were there for individuals to step into for safety as the train passed. Knolly’s Tunnel can be accessed through Tabaquite and through Mitchell Gap. The road was recently improved, but is better when you enter from Tabaquite, and there are signs on the road directing you to Knolly’s Tunnel. On the drive to Knolly’s Tunnel there are two other cottages where visitors can sit and just enjoy nature. At the site itself, there is nothing to purchase to eat or drink, but in Tabaquite there are several bars, a restaurant, and food outlets. A gas station and a health centre are also close by. For those who admire architecture, Knolly’s Tunnel is a must-see when visiting Trinidad. For the nature lovers, there is no better place for them to be and for the historians, they can walk or drive through Knolly’s Tunnel knowing that many of our ancestors toiled on its structure. So when you visit Trinidad, don’t forget to take a look at Knolly’s Tunnel! 39. Knolly’s Tunnel is special in _______. A. its environment B. its function C. its location D. its architecture 解析：考查文章细节推断，根据文中第二段“It’s architecture is still admired and studied today, and many are amazed that Knolly’s Tunnel has stood up to the earth’s movement over so many years.”可知，Knolly 隧道的建筑至今仍被人们所称赞学习，并且很多人对它可以多年经受住 地壳运动而屹立不倒感到不可思议，而且整个第二段都在讲述此隧道的建筑结构，故选 D. 答案：D 40. If you are visiting Knolly’s Tunnel, you can ______. A. drive through it B. buy your meals in it C. take a train tour through it D. walk along the track through it 12 解析：考查文章细节理解，根据文中第二段“Visitors can drive through the tunnel or walk through, but should do so in groups for safety.”，可知，游客可以驾车通过，也可以步行通过这 个隧道，故选 A. 答案：A 41. The underlined word “site” in the last paragraph refers to______. A. Trinidad B. Tabaquite C. Mitchell Gap D. Knolly’s Tunnel 解析：考查文章词义理解，site 的指代对象要从其前的句子找，前面一句出现两个地点名词： Knolly’s Tunnel 和 two other cottages，又因 site 本身是单数，所以其指代的名词也应该是单 数，故是 Knolly’s Tunnel，故选 D. 答案：D 42. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To suggest a visit to Knolly’s Tunnel. B. To tell the history of Knolly’s Tunnel. C. To evaluate the value of Knolly’s Tunnel. D. To witness the change of Knolly’s Tunnel. 解析：考查文章整体把握，通读全文可知，文章前四段都是在向我们描述 Knolly’s Tunnel， 最后一段向去泰国旅游的游客推荐 Knolly’s Tunnel, 前四段都是为了给最后一段做铺垫，所 以本文的目的就体现在最后一段，故选 A. 答案：A C In the face of the tensions and pressures we all face every single day, a sense of humor can be helpful. The ability to laugh is very important to our fullest development and to our “mental health”. And if we can laugh at ourselves, we’re even further along the road to self-fulfillment. Consider the following example. Gordon is hoping to become a professional singer. He has a good voice, and has performed in public many times. But he’s very sensitive about his abilities. For instance, if his voice coach suggests he practice a particular song a few more times until he gets it right, Gordon falls apart, absolutely certain that the coach is implying that he isn’t any good and he has no future in music. He mentioned his sensitivity in his paper for a psychology class. The psychology professor called him in, outwardly to talk about the paper, but hoping to give the boy a chance to open up about the problem. The teacher rarely told her students what they ought to do, but she felt Gordon should know that such extreme sensitivity would make it difficult for him in the entertainment field, where stage personnel, and fellow performers often are very hard on new talent. She asked Gordon if he felt he had made necessary preparations to follow through in such a competitive and difficult business. Gordon got angry with the teacher, pointing a brave finger at her, and told her she was “dead wrong” about him. Further, Gordon asked what she could possibly know about music and the pressures of the profession. The teacher stood up and turned Gordon around, right in the middle of 13 a sentence, asking him to continue, but to watch himself in the mirror on the back of the office door as he talked. Gordon tried to go on, pointing and gesticulating, but suddenly he saw his expression in the mirror, then when he turned to face the psychologist, he noticed a smile beginning to form on the teacher’s face. At the very top of his “outburst,” Gordon burst out laughing. He stopped his aggressive talk and asked the teacher if he looked that ridiculous all the time. Seeing himself “objectively” made Gordon realize that how ridiculous it was to take himself so seriously. In our everyday life, the ability to catch ourselves being so serious, bearing all the burdens of the world, and trying to save the human race helps us relieve some built-up tension through laughter. Laughter is a necessary part of mental health. Laughter is one of the ways in which we relax and recreate the selfhood. The things we find in humor may vary, but the experiences of humor, pleasure, and enjoyment are extremely important and must be fostered. 43. From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that Gordon ________. A. has broken up with his coach B. has failed to be a professional singer C. keeps practicing and hopes for the best D. feels very sensitive to other people’s comments 解析：考查文章细节推断，根据文中第二段“For instance, if his voice coach suggests he practice a particular song a few more times until he gets it right, Gordon falls apart, absolutely certain that the coach is implying that he isn’t any good and he has no future in music.”可知，如果他的歌唱 老师建议他把一首歌再练习好几遍，直到唱对，他就会很崩溃，确信老师是在向他暗示他一 无是处，在音乐上没有未来，所以他对别人对他说的话非常敏感，故选 D. 答案：D 44. Why did the psychologist talk with Gordon? A. To discuss his paper with him. B. To help him realize his problem. C. To point out his rude behaviors. D. To offer advice on reducing pressure. 解析：考查文章细节推断，根据文中第三段“He mentioned his sensitivity in his paper for a psychology class. The psychology professor called him in, outwardly to talk about the paper, but hoping to give the boy a chance to open up about the problem.”，可知，他的心理教授把他叫去， 表面上是讨论论文，实际上是希望给这个男孩一个机会去把这个问题说开，故选 B. 答案：B 45. How does the author support his ideas? A. By offering analyses. B. By providing research results. C. By giving an example. D. By stating an argument. 14 解析：考查文章整体把握，通读全文可知，第一段作者开门见山，告诉我们：大笑对我们有 益处，接着举了一个 Gordon 的例子来论证这个观点，最后一段再次回归主题：大笑对我们 保持心理健康是必要的，故选 C. 答案：C 46. What is mainly discussed in the passage? A. Means of laughter. B. Benefits of humor. C. The cause of sensitivity. D. The importance of health. 解析：考查文章整体把握，通读全文可知，作者主要运用 Gordon 的例子来论证幽默感和大 笑的好处，故选 B. 答案：B D Can Training Your Working Memory Make You Smarter? We would all like to increase our cognitive(认知的) ability beyond the limits set by Mother Nature. So it’s no wonder that brain-training programmes – which typically focus on training our working memory – are a multibillion-dollar industry. But can this kind of training really make us smarter? Cognitive training sees the brain as a kind of muscle that can be made stronger with the right kind of practice. It consists of tasks or games carried out on computers or smart phones. Despite much research, there has so far been no agreement about its effectiveness. Some think that cognitive training increases a broad range of cognitive abilities, while others less optimistic. Yet we do know that some cognitive skills, such as working memory and intelligence, tend to go together and are predictors of real-life skills such as work performance. Thus, training one cognitive skill might lead to an improvement in many other cognitive and non-cognitive skills. That is exactly the underlying hypothesis(假设) on which working-memory training is based. To test this hypothesis, we examined all the studies about working-memory training we could find with normally developing children: 26 experiments and 1,601 total participants. Children represent an ideal test group: during childhood, skills are still at the beginning of their development. Thus, cognitive training is more likely to succeed with children than adults. The results were very clear. Working-memory training did not show any effect on children’s fluid intelligence, a person’s ability to solve new problems and adapt to new situations. It didn’t influence their academic achievement or other cognitive abilities, either. The only reliable effect was that children got better at what they trained to do. No more, no less. So performing working-memory tasks does seem to make you better at doing them. Nonetheless, the fact that participants got better at such tasks does not necessarily mean that their working-memory ability increased. They may just have learnt how to perform that particular type of task. The results do indicate that the use of working-memory training programs as an educational tool is fruitless. More generally, together with other research, the results contribute to disproving cognitive training companies’ promises of a better brain. The results have even more important implications theoretically. They question the hypothesis that training general cognitive mechanisms can affect other cognitive or real-life skills. 15 Beyond working-memory training, other recent studies have shown the limitations of different types of cognitive training. For example, music training fails at improving cognitive skills outside music – including academic skills. However, these negative results must not discourage us from training our cognitive and non-cognitive skills. We just have to be aware of the actual limitations of such practice in areas outside what we are actually training. But that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t do it – the most efficient way to develop a skill is, after all, to train that skill. 47. According to the passage, cognitive training is likely to _______. A. uncover the secrets of human minds B. make one’s brain stronger through practice C. bring much profit to the training companies D. earn a good reputation for the training company 解析：考查文章细节理解，根据文中第一段“So it’s no wonder that brain-training programmes – which typically focus on training our working memory – are a multibillion-dollar industry.”，可知， 集中训练我们工作记忆的大脑训练项目是一个可以赚到数十亿的行业，故选 C. 答案：C 48. To find out the effect of working memory training, the author ______. A. made some scientific studies B. compared different test groups C. reviewed the previous research D. got some children involved in the experiment 解析：考查文章细节理解，根据文中第四段“To test this hypothesis, we examined all the studies about working-memory training we could find with normally developing children: 26 experiments and 1,601 total participants.”，可知，为了验证工作记忆训练的真正效果，作者调查了所有有 关工作记忆训练的研究，，故选 C. 答案：C 49. Children taking part in the experiments were able to_____. A. adapt to new situations quickly B. gain greater academic achievements C. do better in the field that they are trained in D. succeed when they deal with real life problems 解析：考查文章细节理解，根据文中第四段“Children represent an ideal test group: during childhood, skills are still at the beginning of their development. Thus, cognitive training is more likely to succeed with children than adults.”可知，孩子是理想的测验群体，在童年时期，技能 仍然处在他们成长的最初阶段，因此让孩子们进行认知训练，比让成年人更有可能成功，故 选 C. 答案：C 50. What is the author’s attitude toward the cognitive training? A. Uninterested. B. Objective. C. Disapproving. 16 D. Optimistic. 解析：考查文章整体把握，文章前七段都在讲述经研究发现，工作记忆训练并不能提升我们 的大脑，让我们变得更聪明，最后一段作者又说这样的研究结果也不能让我们对认知以及非 认知技能的训练失去信心，所以作者对认知训练持的是客观态度，故选 B. 答案：B 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Community Service Nowadays high schools are faced with a very controversial issue whether or not community service hours are needed to graduate. High schools are arguing that 40 hours of community service are needed to graduate, but many upset students are voicing protests(反对) to this demand. Supporters of the community service project argue that while high school students are participating in community service, they will become better aware of what the real world is like. Students will learn valuable life lesson by doing community service. ____51____ They feel that if high school students are forced to do community service they will begin to see it as a punishment and as something that they have to do because it is required instead of something that they want to do. Students will in the future look back at the community service projects that they were forced to do throughout high school. ____52____ Another idea that the protestors give about this community service issue is time restriction. When a student goes to school full time, he is involved in after-class activities and also works. ____53____ Supporters argue back that high school students only need to fulfill 40 hours of community service throughout 4 years. If students well manage their time and start the community service in their first year in high school, all they need to do is an hour every other week. ____54____ The protestors argue that high school students do not have their driver’s license, so how are they expected to get to their community service site when their parents or friends are at work or just too busy to give them a ride. ____55____ .The supporters argue that students can find community service projects close to home or if they live in the country find another student to car pool with. In my opinion, community service is a wonderful thing that everyone should be required to do at some point in their life, but are high school students mature and responsible enough to take on community service projects at this stage in their life? A. Protestors have struck back with a very solid argument. B. A final controversial issue that appears is transportation. C. Students will feel good about themselves for helping others in need. D. They will continue to carry a negative attitude towards community service for their lifetime. E. Both sides have solid arguments about why community service should or should not be forced upon students. F. Unless the school offers a means of transportation for the students there really is no solution to this problem. G. The time that is needed to participate in a community service project may place quite a burden on the student. 17 解析：本文是一篇议论文，主要就中学生是否应该参与社区服务这个话题，论述了支持者与 抗议者的观点，并给出了作者自己的观点。 51. 空格前是支持者的观点，主要讲述了参与社区服务对学生的好处，而空格后的观点与其 正好相反，说明是抗议者的观点，所以选项 A：抗议者使用了有力的论点给他们以回击，正 好起到很好的衔接作用，故选 A. 52. 空格前的句意为：学生以后在回顾自己的社区服务的经历时，会感到自己整个中学阶段 做的服务都是被迫的，而选项 D 正好与这一句相承接，讲的都是学生对自己的社区服务持 一种消极态度，故选 D. 53. 空格前的句意为：学生全天制去上学时，也会参加课外活动，也会工作，正好承接了选 项 G 中的内容：花时间参与社区服务可能会给学生带来负担，故选 G. 54. 空格后的一整段支持者和抗议者都在就交通问题进行辩论，而选项 B 正好作为本段的中 心句，故选 B 55. 空格以后的内容是支持者的观点，则空格里应是抗议者的观点，又因为此段的主题是交 通，所以应该选与交通有关的论点，选项 F 正是抗议者就交通问题所做的论述，故选 F. 答案： 51. A 52. D 53. G 54. B 55. F 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分） 第一节（15 分） 56. 假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华，你校交换生 Jim 在给你的 email 中提到他对学生会 组织的活动感兴趣，并希望你给他提供一项适合他参加的活动。请你给 Jim 回邮件，内容包 括： 活动名称及意图； 活动具体安排； 邀请他参加。 注意：1.词数不少于 50； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 解析：这是一篇命题作文。文章内容要点已经给出。同学们在写这篇文章时，要注意以下几 点：1.由于向 Jin 提供的活动发生在将来，所以通篇以一般将来时为主。 2.本题的要点只是简单的大纲。需要学生对其进行具体的阐述，充分发挥自身的想象力，写 出具体的活动事件。 3.注意语气。要想成功邀请他参与这个活动，就要写出参与这个活动会给他带来什么好处， 语气应该比较恳切，有说服力。 答案： 18 Dear Jim, I am so happy to know that you are interested in the activities that the Students’ Union will organize. Next Saturday, there will be a field trip to the Olympic Forest Park. Students will be walking 5km there. We will meet at 8 at the gate of the park and start our walking. All students will wear the T-shirts with our special logo. At the end of the activity we will take a group picture. I strongly recommend it. I believe it is good way to get close to nature, work out, have fun and promote the relationship. It will help you know more about your companions. What’s more, it is wonderful to exercise while enjoying the great view. Please join us! Yours, Li Hua 第二节（20 分） 57. 假设你是红星中学高三（1）班学生李华。最近你和同学组织了“文明使用共享单车”的 活动，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊“英语角”写一篇稿件介绍你们的活动过程。注 意：词数不少于 60。 提示词：1.civilized 文明的 2. leaflets 宣传单 _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 解析：这是一篇命题作文。同学们在写这篇文章时，要注意以下几点：1.由于活动发生在过 去，这篇稿件是为了介绍这项活动，所以通篇的主要时态为一般过去时。2.题目只给出了两 个提示词。所以内容上的扩充需要学生根据图片详细介绍活动过程，根据四幅图酌情增添内 容。在叙述过程中，可以使用适当的连接词，使上下文行文流畅。3.由于要求写的是一篇稿 19 件，所以要注意文章的结构层次，写之前可列出一个提纲，活动原因—活动介绍—活动意义， 再动笔写时大脑就清晰多了 答案： Recently, the increasing popularity of shared bikes has made our lives more convenient. However, my classmates and I often noticed some shared bikes placed messily everywhere. We felt upset and decided to make a change to the uncivilized behavior. First, we had a heated discussion about the problem at our class meeting. We shared our ideas and came up with a great plan. After making full preparations, we started to take action. On Saturday morning, we gathered outside the subway station near our school. Firstly, we began with those messy shared bikes there and tried to put them in order. People passing by all appreciated what we did. Seeing the bikes in rows on the pavement, we really felt excited. Then, in order to encourage people’s civilized behavior, we put up a poster saying “PLEASE BE CIVILIZED WHILE USING A SHARED BIKE”. Meanwhile, some of us helped to give out leaflets. Of course, we drew much attention from the passers-by. Hopefully our action would make a difference. This experience actually inspires me a lot. The idea of sharing requires people’s awareness of civilization. When the uncivilized behavior occurs, it is our duty to do our best to stop it. I strongly believe that in this way our society will become better and better.