【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题冠词（31页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题冠词（31页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题冠词 冠词是高考中的高频考点，主要以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主。预测今后考点分布在对不定冠词的考查；定冠词的考查；不用冠词的情况以及一些固定词组中冠词的正确使用。‎ 从高考命题来看，冠词考点常以单项填空、语法填空（语篇）和短文改错的形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。‎ 建议在复习时：‎ ‎1．掌握冠词的基本用法；‎ ‎2．掌握冠词的习惯用法；‎ ‎3．在解答试题时，要从翻译的角度去做，如果能够准确地翻译出句子的意思，就能够解答此题。‎ 复习建议 ‎1. 根据知识网络将冠词的基本用法记牢，这是你做好试题的前提。‎ ‎2. 熟悉一些名词的用法，和冠词结合。有很多不可数名词，有时候被具体化的情况，也是考查的重点。‎ ‎ 3. 多做练习，能够提高熟悉语境的能力，很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的，这方面一定要重视。‎ ‎2019考纲解读和近几年考点分布 冠词是历年高考的必考知识点，常出现在单项选择、语法填空（语篇）和短文改错中。 虽说只有两类，共三个（不定冠词a, an和定冠词the)，但其使用规则很复杂，一直是让考生感到很头痛的一类命题。需要说明的是：在近年高考试题中，冠词主要是在语法填空的语篇和短文改错中进行考查。‎ 但从整套试题来看，在短文改错、书面表达、阅读理解等题型中对冠词的隐性考查可谓无处不在。在日常交际中，几乎每说一句话、每写一篇日记、每读一篇文章都会涉及到冠词的运用。因而不论高考的考查形式如何变化，冠词仍应是高考复习的重点知识。 纵观历年高考试题，冠词考点主要集中在以下内容：‎ ‎1.考查不定冠词a ，an表示个别或泛指的用法；‎ ‎2.考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法；‎ ‎3.考查不定冠词和定冠词在固定搭配中的用法；‎ ‎4.考查零冠词（即省略冠词)表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法；‎ ‎5.考查冠词在表示类别名词前的用法；‎ ‎6.考查不定冠词在具体化抽象名词前的用法；‎ ‎7.考查冠词在比较级前的用法；‎ ‎8. 考查冠词在其他特殊结构中的用法。‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透析 冠词是历年高考的常考点。主要考查冠词在具体语境中的运用，考查内容包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。‎ 考点1 不定冠词的用法 ‎1．指人或事物的某一类，这是不定冠词的基本用法 A car runs faster than a truck．小汽车比卡车跑得快。‎ ‎2．表示数量“一个”，但一般不能与one互换 Rome was not built in a day．罗马不是一天建起来的。‎ ‎3．指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物 A Mr Li is waiting for you outside．一位李先生在外面等你。(不知道那位李先生是谁)‎ ‎4．用于表示次数、速度、价格等意义的名词前，表示“每一”‎ ‎①He goes home to see his parents once a month．他每月回家一次去看父母。‎ ‎②He can gain five yuan an hour in the shop．他在这家商店每小时挣五元钱。‎ ‎5．表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰时，用不定冠词 ‎①I only want a small supper because of cold．由于感冒晚饭我只想吃一点东西。‎ ‎②People usually have quite a good dinner on festivals．人们在过节时通常会吃一顿相当丰盛的大餐。‎ ‎6．有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再……又……”‎ ‎①She invited him to come to the party a second time．她再次邀请他来参加聚会。‎ ‎②Then a third boy came to join US．接着又一个孩子加人了我们。‎ ‎7．有些物质名词以及抽象名词具体化时，可用不定冠词 a paper一份报纸；a tea一杯茶；a beauty一个美人；a surprise一件意想不到的事；a pity一件遗憾的事；an honor一个(件)光荣的人(事)‎ ‎8．不定冠词还可以用于“a most+adj’．+n．”结构，注意在此结构中没有表示可比较的范围状语，“most”相当于“very”‎ Xiamen is a most beautiful coastal city and I’11 come for a second time．厦门是个非常美丽的海滨城市，我还要再来一次。‎ ‎9．不定冠词还可以用于“a+比较级+名词”结构，与否定词连用时，表示“从来没有比这更……”，具有最高级含义 I have never spent a more worrying day．我从未有过比这更烦人的一天。‎ ‎10．用于短语搭配中 ‎(1)“have/take+a(n)+与动词同形的名词”，表示动作的一次。如：‎ have/take a rest休息一会儿 have/take a look看一下 have/take a bath洗个澡 ‎(2)“go out for a(n)+名词”，表示从事某项活动。如：‎ go out for a picnic去野餐 ‎(3)用于习惯搭配中。如：‎ come to an end结束；drop sb a line给某人写信；at a disadvantage处于不利地位；in a way从一方面说；in a word总之；in a sense就某种意义来说；with a view to为了，鉴于。‎ 典例： In order to find_______ better job, he decided to study______second foreign language.‎ A. the;a B.a;a C.the;the D.a;the ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】第一空泛指“一个更好的工作”；第二空的a ‎ second表示：再一次，又一次。句意：为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学一门外语。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查冠词的用法。‎ 考点2：定冠词的用法 ‎1．特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，这是定冠词的基本用法 ‎①The books on the desk were published last month．桌子上的那些书是上个月出版的。‎ ‎②The factory I mentioned has installed a new assembly line．我提到的那家工厂已经安装了一条新的装配线。‎ ‎③We were all lost in the beauty of nature．我们都被大自然的美所陶醉。‎ ‎2．再次提到前面已出现的人或事物，表示特指 He told us a story，but 1 was not interested in the story．他给我们讲了一个故事，但我对这个故事不感兴趣。‎ ‎3．指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。‎ We went to the station to see the manager off．我们去车站为经理送行。‎ ‎4．用在某些可数名词单数前，用来指事物的整体(总称)以将其与其他事物区别开来 ‎①The telephone was invented by Bell．电话是贝尔发明的。‎ ‎②The elephant is much stronger than the horse．象比马强壮得多。‎ ‎5．用在表示某国人的名词前 the Chinese中国人；the French法国人；the English英国人；‎ the Spanish西班牙人；the Japanese日本人。‎ ‎6．某些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类人(表示复数)the homeless无家可归的人；the rich富人；the poor穷人；the blind盲人；the old老年人；the young年轻人；the strong强者；‎ the weak弱者；the sick病人；the wounded伤者。‎ ‎7．在序数词前要加定冠词the(有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再”“又”)‎ She lives on the twelfth floor．她住在十二楼。‎ ‎8．在形容词最高级及形容词only(唯一的)，very(正是那个)，same(同样的)等前加定冠词the ‎①This is the most interesting film I have ever seen．这是我看过的最有趣的电影。‎ ‎②He must be the only student who has ever been to the city in our class．他一定是我们班唯一去过那座城市的学生。‎ ‎③That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for．那正是我要找的东西。‎ ‎9．在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词the the earth地球；the moon月亮；the sun太阳；the sky天空；the universe宇宙；the world世界；the air空中；the ground地面。‎ It is the east，and Juliet is the sun．那是东方，而朱丽叶就是太阳。[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]‎ ‎10．用于时间、重量等单位名词之前，表示每一个单位 ‎①The boat is hired by the hour．小船按小时出租。学科*网 ‎②There are two or three apples to the pound．每磅有两三个苹果。‎ ‎11．在表示方位、方向的名词前用定冠词the in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方；on the right/left在右/左边。‎ ‎12．在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前，要用定冠词the the Yellow River黄河；the Rhine莱茵河；the Pacific太平洋；the Red Sea红海；the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉；the British Isles不列颠群岛；the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡；the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠。‎ ‎13．用在逢“十”的数词前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1980s/1980’s在20世纪80年代。‎ 14． 乐器名称前用定冠词the She plays the piano best in her class.她纲琴在班上弹得最好。‎ ‎1.在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the表示“......一家”‎ the Browns布朗一家；the Lis姓李的一家。‎ ‎2.用在“动词+sb+介词+the+身体部位的名词”这一固定结构中 ‎ hit sb in the face打某人的脸；‎ take sb by the arm hand抓住某人的胳膊手； pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩； hit sb on the head打某人的头。‎ 特别提示：‎ 在该结构中，不能用物主代词替代定冠词，常用于该结构的动词有pat, strike, beat, hit, catch, put, take 等。‎ ‎3.在短语搭配中 in the end 最后；come to the point 谈到正题；on the contrary 相反；in the morning 在 早晨；in the distance 在远处；in the water 在水中；on: the subject of 关于 的主题；‎ on the air在广播。‎ 典例：The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.‎ A. the；a B. 不填；不填 C. 不填；the D. the；不填 ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】考查冠词的用法。‎ 考点3 不用冠词的情况 ‎1．可数名词复数表示泛指时，以及抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时。‎ ‎①Where there’s smoke，there’s fire．[谚]无风不起浪。‎ ‎②Many hands make light work．[谚]人多好做事。‎ ‎2．三餐、球类运动、娱乐名称、节日、星期、月份和日期前一般不用冠词，表季节的名词前用不用the意思没有区别。‎ ‎①play football/basketball/volleyball踢足球/打篮影打排球；play chess/cards下棋/打牌；New Year’s Day元旦(“the Spring Festival春节”例外)。‎ ‎②He had nothing for breakfast this morning．他今天早上没有吃早饭。‎ 特别提示 有时在星期、月份和日期前加不定冠词，表示泛指。如：on a ‎ Monday在一个礼拜一；a very wet April一个雨水很多的四月。‎ ‎3．在学科、语言、称呼语、大部分疾病名称或表头衔的名词前，不用冠词。‎ ‎①I think physics is more interesting than maths．我认为物理比数学有趣。‎ ‎②What’s the matter，Granny?奶奶，出什么事了吗?‎ ‎③Cancer is a terrible disease．癌症是一种可怕的疾病。‎ ‎4．在turn(作“变成”解)后作表语的名词前，不用冠词 He has turned doctor．他已是名医生了。‎ ‎5．在as，though引导的倒装分句中，名词前不用冠词。‎ Child as/though Tom is，you can’t fool him．虽然汤姆是个孩子，但你不能欺骗他。‎ ‎6．在专有名词（洲名、人名、城市名、街道名、港口名、航空站名、火车站名、公园名、机关名及院校名）之前，一般不用冠词。‎ Asia亚洲；Mary玛丽；Shanghai上海；Wall Street华尔街；‎ Pearl Harbor珍珠港；Beihai Park北海公园；Beijing University北京大学。‎ ‎7．在一些固定短语中，名词前不用冠词 at night在夜里；at home在家；day after day 日复一日；by telephone打电话；in danger在危险中；on purpose故意地。‎ 典例：Mr．Peterson, headmaster of the high school, made speech at the opening ceremony of the competition.‎ ‎ A．不填；a B．不填；the C．a; 不填 D．the; 不填 ‎【答案】A ‎【解祈】第一空表示头衔的headmaster作同位语时，其前不用冠词；第二空make a speech是个固定短语，意为：做演讲。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查冠词的用法。学科*网 考点4 有无冠词，意义不同 by day在白天 by the day按天计算 in case of以防 in the case of就……来说 in charge of 负责，管理 in the charge of 由……负责 in office 执政 in the office 在办公室 in sight(of)看见 in the sight(of)在 ……看来 go to sea去当水手 go to the sea到海边去 ‎ out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能 ‎ take advice征求意见 take the advice听从劝告 ‎ be of age 成年 be of all age 同龄 ‎ go to church 去做礼拜 go to the church 去教堂 ‎ in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱 特别提示 当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时，其前不加冠词。如：‎ He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed. 他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。‎ 典例：George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr．Anderson，but she was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church．‎ A． ‎/；the B．the；/ C．a；/ D．/；a ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解祈】不定冠词用于表示星期的名词前，泛指“某个星期几”；at church表示 “做礼拜”，at the church “在教堂”。故本题选C。句意：George记不清他第一次见到Mr．Anderson的时间了，但是她确信那是一个星期日，因为大家在做礼拜。‎ ‎2018年高考试题 语法填空 ‎【2018·全国II】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ ‎【2018·全国III】I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm ‎ walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs.‎ ‎61. 考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which表示“哪一个”‎ ‎62. 考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。‎ 短文改错 ‎【2018·全国I】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.‎ ‎1. countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。‎ ‎【2018·全国II】As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.‎ 第三处：考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the表示特指。故把the改为a。‎ 第四处：考查动词不定式。句意：无论我要求多少次要去看（卡通片）。用不定式表示目的。故把watching改为watch。‎ 第五处：考查情态动词。would后跟动词原形，故把to删除。‎ ‎【2018·全国III】I had done myself homework but I was shy.‎ 第五处：考查代词错误。句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。‎ ‎2017年高考试题 语法填空 ‎【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】As 65.________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.‎ ‎65. a　考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果是”。结果是，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。‎ ‎【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】This included digging up the road, 63.________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.________ top.‎ ‎63. laying　考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。‎ ‎64. the　考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。‎ ‎【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】‎ She looks like any other schoolgirl, freshfaced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new Alevel course. But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm 61.________ (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as 62.________ model in New York.‎ ‎61. resting　考查非谓语动词。spend…(in) doing sth是固定句式，意为“花……做某事”。‎ ‎62. a　考查冠词。根据句意和语境可知，萨拉只是纽约众多模特中的一个，是泛指；而且model的第一个音素是辅音音素，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎[2017·浙江卷6月考]For Pahlsson, its return was 65.________ wonder.‎ ‎65. a　考查冠词。此处a wonder表示“一个奇迹”，所以需要不定冠词a。‎ 短文改错 ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]I still remember how hard first day was.‎ ‎2. first前加the或my　考查冠词或物主代词。“我”依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指开始学驾驶的第一天，所以在first前加上the，也可以加上my。my first day表示“我(学驾驶)的第一天”。故在first前加the或my。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.‎ ‎2. 第一个a改为an或one　考查冠词用法。名词hour虽然是辅音字母开头，但发音为元音，用an或one均可。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ] Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.‎ ‎6. picture前加this/the　考查限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指，故需要用限定词this/the修饰。‎ ‎2016年高考试题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎【2016·浙江】2.______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.‎ A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指“获胜者的奖品”，用定冠词，第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。故选A。‎ 考点：考查冠词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题着重理解定冠词和不定冠词的区别，定冠词the表示特指，不定冠词a/an表示泛指；对于冠词特指和泛指的考查是历年来高考的必考点，平时的学习要多进行积累，仔细分析特指还是泛指。同时，更为重要的是要多去积累习惯表达，特殊表达，这也是近几年高考习惯考的地方。总而言之，多解题、多理解、多积累才是关键。做冠词的题目语感非常重要，平时阅读的时候，注意出现冠词的地方，体会是特指还是泛指。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.‎ ‎【答案】46. studies 47. regularly 48. a ‎【解析】‎ ‎46.studies 考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。‎ ‎47.regualrly ‎ 考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。‎ ‎48.a 考查固定短语。介词短语for a while一会；本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和思维休息一会。‎ ‎2.【2016·上海】(B)‎ Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. ‎ ‎36. a  考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分） ‎ My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.‎ ‎7. becoming前加of 8. the →a ‎7. becoming前加of 考查介词。 固定短语: dream of 梦想做某事。 ‎ ‎8. the →a 考查冠词。 固定短语：in a short time在短时间内。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ But in that case, we will learn little about world. ‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.‎ ‎53. the去掉考查冠词。at first起初，是固定词组，不需要冠词，故把the去掉。‎ ‎4.【2016·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.‎ ‎7.在in和kitchen之间加the ‎ ‎ 句意：我在厨房里做饭。此处特指在厨房里。故在in和kitchen之间加the。‎ ‎5.【2016·浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ Every time he arrived home at end of the day, we’d greet her at the door.‎ ‎68.【答案】at后面加the ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： at the end of为固定搭配，意为“在……结束的时候”。故at后面加the。‎ ‎2015年高考试题 一、单项填空 ‎1．[2015·四川卷] Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.‎ A．a B．an ‎ C．the D．不填 ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】此处表示“下一个贝多芬”，应使用不定冠词。句意：布赖恩在谱曲上有天赋，他很可能成为下一个贝多芬。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查冠词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查冠词。冠词是高考英语中的难点和重点，考生在冠词试题上失分较多，主要是缺乏语感，对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。本题中首先根据Beethoven排除选项B，因为不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。通常情况下人名前是不加冠词的，但是如果指一个像某个名人的人时，在这个人名前加不定冠词。‎ ‎2. [2015·陕西卷] ________more learned a man is，________more modest he usually becomes.‎ A. The; the B. A; a ‎ C. The; a D. A; the ‎ ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】此处冠词构成“the ＋比较级…， the ‎ ＋比较级…”句型，表示“越……就越……”。故选A。句意：一个人学的东西越多，他就会越谦虚。‎ ‎【名师点睛】冠词的考查集中在the表示特指；a/an表示泛指。另外要注意冠词的一些固定搭配中冠词的使用。这里用的是：the +比较级+主谓， the +比较级+主谓的句型，学生在平时应该多积累这些包含冠词的短语和句型。‎ ‎3．[2015·浙江卷] Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.‎ A．a; / B．the；the C．/; the D．a；the ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】句意：简的奶奶很多年来一直想写一本(关于)孩子的书，但总是被这事或那事耽搁了。第一空a children's book中的a表示“一本”，所以用不定冠词a；而第二空涉及的in the way是固定用法，表示“挡道，阻碍”，所以用定冠词the。综合以上内容可知选D项。本题的第一空有些考生可能会错选the，认为是特定情况，但要注意the表示确切的某地或某时的状况，而此处没有限定children's book的相关信息。‎ ‎【名师点睛】冠词的考查一直以来是一个易错点，虽然冠词只有3个(a , an, the) 但是麻雀虽小五脏俱全，考查起来往往会弄错。名词第一次出现或泛指时，冠词用a/an，，但名词的首字母是（A、E、I、O、U）发音时，用an, 如：apple, English, important, operation, unusual, 特殊的有umbrella, hour, honest用an, university, unique, usual 用 a。‎ 名词第二次出现用the；①强调特指时用the；②the + 最高级，③ the + 形容词（rich 【富人】, poor【穷人】, wounded【伤者】, dead【死者】, elderly【长者】）表某一类人 ④the+比较级（the more .. the better）⑤the +序数词 （表顺序）; 'a+ 序数词 （表“又，再”），⑥固定搭配 (in the way 挡道)。‎ 另外，也需要注意零冠词的情况。零冠词用法归纳：独一职位在某地，用作表/补/同位语；独立主格作状语，用by短语表方式；man字一词指人类，对比含义两名词；系词turn+名单数，街/路/期刊与杂志；具体意义变抽象，as/though之倒装句；人名/地名/国一词，抽象/物质不特指；桥名/单岛/单山峰，一专加一普专用词；月份/星期/节假日，学科/语言/称呼语；颜色/病名/五感觉，棋类/球类/三餐词；复数名词系泛指，固定词组惯用语；以上情况请记住，其前均用零冠词。‎ ‎4. [2015·重庆卷] I just heard________ bank where Dora works was robbed by________ gunman wearing a mask. ‎ A. the; /　　　B. a; /　　　C. the; a　　　D. a; the ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个带面具的持枪人给抢劫。第一个空表示朵拉工作的那家银行，可知表示特指，用the；第二空表示一个带面具的持枪人表示泛指，用a。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查冠词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】冠词的运用要把握 a 一般表示 泛指某一类人或物，意为“任何一个，任一” 。the 表示表示特指，或有某类型的修饰。定冠词的用法口诀，特指双熟悉，上文已提及； 世上独无二，序数最高级； 某些专有名，习语及乐器 要牢记对于做题非常有帮助。‎ 二、语法填空 ‎1.[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 61.________(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62.________ most modern of architects and engineers.‎ ‎[解析]‎ ‎61. built 　build与前面的the adobe dwellings构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。 ‎ ‎62. the 　空格后面的most是形容词最高级，故前面使用the。‎ ‎2.[2015·广东卷] ‎ Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned __16__‎ ‎ farm, which looked almost abandoned ‎[解析]‎ ‎16. a　考查冠词。名词farm第一次出现，表示泛指，故填a。‎ 三、短文改错 ‎1.【2015·陕西】At a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked.‎ ‎[解析]a改为the这里是特指第一段提到的退休聚会。a改为the。‎ ‎2. 【2015·浙江】I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. ‎ ‎【解析】in hurry- in a hurry考查冠词 in a hurry 意为“立刻”，也是一个固定搭配。‎ ‎3.【2015·新课标全国II】A woman saw him drying and telling him to wait outside a shop. ‎ ‎【解析】a改为the 由上下文可知，此处shop是第二次出现，应该用定冠词，故a改为the。‎ ‎4.【2015·新课标全国I】Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. ‎ ‎【解析】countryside前加the 句意：但是我想念农村的家乡。这里countryside是特指，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎2014年高考试题 一、单项填空 ‎1.【2014·重庆卷】6. I can’t tell you _______ way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have _______ Wilson here in the village.‎ ‎ A. the; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; /‎ ‎【答案】A ‎2.【2014·天津卷】8. Life is like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach the other shore.‎ A. an; the B. the; a C. the ;/ D. / ; a ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：生活就像一片海；只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。ocean海洋，是可数名词，又是元音开头，所以用an；strong-willed是形容词，前面用the 表一类。所以选A。 ‎ ‎3.【2014·江西卷】22. They chose Tom to be ___captain of the team because they knew he was __smart leader.‎ A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：Captain后跟了个介词短语of the team作定语，表特指；后一空表类型（一个聪明的领导者），因此C选项正确。句意为“ 他们选了汤姆为这个队的队长，那是因为他们知道汤姆是个聪明的头儿。”‎ ‎4.【2014·陕西卷】19. ________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.‎ A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】试题分析：考查冠词。第一空后的名词后有where引导的定语从句，故应是特指，用the；第二空表示一个城镇，故填不定冠词a。故选A。‎ ‎【知识拓展】不定冠词的用法: 1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。如：I gave him a book yesterday. 我昨天给了他一本书。2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。 如：A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。3) 不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 "每一"。 如：We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。4）用在序数词前表示“再一”、“又一”。如：I want to go there a second time我想再一次去那里。5）不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。 如：A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。‎ ‎5.【2014·浙江卷】2. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into______night.‎ A. a; the  B. the; 不填  C. a; a  D.不填；the ‎【答案】A ‎【试题分析】第一空a表示“每一”；into the night到深夜；句意：我的论文下个月就要交，我现在一周工作七天，还经常熬夜到深夜。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查冠词。‎ 二、语法填空 ‎1.[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]Now, years later, this river is one of __63__ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.‎ ‎ the　“one of＋可数名词的复数”表示“……之一”；the most outstanding 是最高级，用来修饰examples；形容词的最高级与定冠词连用。‎ ‎2.[2014·广东卷]She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on __23__ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren't charged extra.‎ ‎23. the　考查冠词。特指“顶楼”用定冠词the。‎ 三、短文改错 ‎1.[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]As result, the plants are growing somewhere.‎ ‎【解析】As后加a 考查固定短语中的冠词。此处As a result意为：结果。是固定表达。‎ ‎2.[2014·陕西卷]That day I didn't learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!‎ ‎【解析】a改成an 考查冠词的用法。此处impressive以元音开头，所以用an。‎ ‎3.[2014·浙江卷]The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.‎ ‎【解析】a改成the 考查冠词的用法。此处ticket前面提到的ticket，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎4.[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]There are all kinds of the flowers and trees ‎ around the classroom buildings. ‎ ‎【解析】去掉the 考查冠词的用法。此处flowers and trees复数表泛指，故不用冠词。‎ ‎5.[2014·四川卷]Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.‎ ‎【解析】a改成the 考查冠词的用法。此处的fire指前面提到的fire，故用the。‎ ‎2013年高考试题 ‎1．[2013·福建卷] The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well－being and ________ dream of harmony, peace and development.‎ A. the; a B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the ‎【答案】B　 ‎ ‎【解析】“a” 表示泛指或数量“一”， “the”则表特指， 意为“这个， 那个，这些，那些”。句意为： “中国梦”是一个要提高中国人民福利的梦， 一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。故两个空格均应用“a”。‎ ‎2．[2013·江西卷] Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.‎ A. a ; / B. the ; the ‎ C. a ; the D. / ; /‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：动物很明显是比人类更低的一种生命形式。form为可数名词，在此泛指为一种生命形式，故用不定冠词；man用来泛指“人类”时，前常不加冠词。‎ ‎3．[2013·山东卷] It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky.‎ A. 不填；a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; 不填 ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：这是一个寒冷的冬天的夜晚，明亮的月光划过夜空。a cold winter night“一个寒冷的冬天的夜晚”，表示泛指；sky要用定冠词修饰。故选B。‎ ‎4．[2013·陕西卷] Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.‎ A．the; a B．a; 不填 ‎ C．不填； the D．the; the ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】考查冠词。‎ ‎5．[2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] Four and ________ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight，and ________ break for cheese，chocolate and tea with sugar.‎ A．a; a B. the; the ‎ C．/; the D．a; /‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：四个半小时的讨论一直持续到半夜，我们休息了一下，吃点奶酪、巧克力，喝点加糖的茶。four and a half hours四个半小时；后面a break表示“休息一下”。‎ ‎6．[2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] India attained ________ independence in 1947, after ________ long struggle.‎ A./; a B. the; a ‎ C. an; / D. an; the ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】此处independence是不可数名词，因此和不定冠词连用。gain independence(获得独立)或declare independence(宣布独立)是固定短语，不和冠词连用，故第一个空不填任何冠词。第二空a long struggle意为：一场长期的斗争。故A正确。句意：印度在经过一段长期的斗争之后，在1947年获得独立。‎ ‎7．[2013·浙江卷] People develop ________ preference for a particular ‎ style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning. ‎ A. a; an B. a; /‎ C. /; the D. the; an ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】第一空a preference表示“一种倾向性的喜好”，用不定冠词a表示“一个，一种”的概念，同时have/develop a preference for sth.也可以看作是固定词组，表示“对某物的偏好，喜爱”；而第二空at an early age是固定词组，意为“在幼年时期”， 也表示“一个，一种”的概念。故选A项。‎ ‎8．[2013·重庆卷] The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.‎ A．a; / B．the; / ‎ C．the; an D．a; an ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】第一空由于有后续同位语从句的特指说明，因此用定冠词；第二空需要的手术是首次提及，用不定冠词。‎ ‎1.【河北省石家庄市第二中学2018届高三最后一卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式 As you know, science plays ___41___ very important role in our education. Do you want to keep up ___42___ the latest research and discoveries in science? There are many good websites ___43___ you can check out the latest in the science world.‎ One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news ___44___ (cover) a wide range of subjects. The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this, site ___45___ (suit) for them as well. Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day,___46___ (call) Science Daily. The site is ___47___ (constant) updated with news, often about exciting ___48___ (finding) that change how we view the world.‎ These sites post the latest stories and also keep all the past articles they ___49___ (post) earlier. That way you can find articles just about anything that ___50___ (be) related to the science fields you are interested in.‎ ‎【答案】41. a 42. with 43. where 44. covering ‎ ‎45. suitable 46. is called 47. constantly ‎ ‎48. findings 49. posted 50. is ‎【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了一些报道最新科学研究发现的网站。‎ ‎41. 考查固定用法。play a very important role in起着非常重要的作用,是固定用法，所以填a。‎ ‎42. 考查固定短语。你想赶得上最新的科学研究发现吗？keep up with赶得上，是固定用法，所以填with。‎ ‎43. 考查定语从句。___3___ you can check out the latest in the science world.是一个定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填关系副词where。‎ ‎44. 考查非谓语动词。cover与其逻辑主语This site之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填covering。‎ ‎45. 考查固定结构。find + sb. / sth. + adj. 意为“发现某人(物)……”。形容词作find的宾语补足语，所以填suitable。‎ ‎46. one与call之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且表示主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，综上所述，用一般现在时的被动语态，填is called。‎ ‎47. 考查副词。修饰动词updated，用副词，所以填constantly。‎ ‎48. 考查名词单复数。经常是关于一些令人激动的发现。“令人激动的发现”是复数意义，所以填findings。‎ ‎2. 【陕西省洛南中学2018届高三第八次模拟】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Volunteering to help people in need combined ___41___ travelling to faraway places is ___42___ new trend in the travel industry. It is called ‎ voluntourism. People travel to other countries, learn languages and other cultures and gain new ___43___ ( experience ). Recent statistics show that in the past few years voluntourism ___44___ ( be) one of the fastest - growing areas of tourism, More than 1.6 million people around the world are volunteers in other countries. They work in orphanages (孤儿院), help build schools, assist in hospitals and do farming work in ___45___ (develop) countries. There are many reasons ___46___ people want to engage in voluntourism, Students see it as a gap year after school, while others ___47___ ( simple) want to take time out from a job and do something else. However, some voluntourists do not see volunteering ___48___ What it is. They only think it is a cheap way ___49___（travel）and don’t really want to get ___50___ （involve） in hard work.‎ ‎【答案】41. with 42. a 43. experiences 44. Has been 45. developing 46. why 47. simply 48. as 49. of travelling / to travel 50. invoked ‎【解析】本文介绍了旅游产业的一个新趋势voluntourism：把去远方旅行和志愿帮助那些有需要的人结合起来。既帮助了别人，又增长了见识。‎ ‎41. 考查介词。此处为固定搭配，combine with“结合”。句意：把志愿帮助有需要的人和去远方旅行结合起来是旅游业的一种新趋势。‎ ‎42. 考查冠词。trend是可数名词，此处做单数用，泛指，意为“一种新的趋势”，故填a。‎ ‎43. 考查名词。根据空格特点可知，是填名词，因为前有形容词修饰，意为“获取新的经历”，当experience作“经历”理解时是可数名词，根据句意可知此处用复数。‎ ‎44. 考查时态。此处可根据标志性的时间状语in the past few years来确定，只要句中有这个时间状语：介词+the past/last……就可确定时态为现在完成时，本题句子主语是单数，故填has been。‎ ‎45. 考查形容词。此处指发展中国家，用developing，而developed country意思是“发达国家”。‎ ‎46. 考查连词。此处是一个定语从句，先行词是reasons，从句主语宾语都有，缺少状语，故用关系副词why。‎ ‎47. 考查副词。此处为副词修饰动词want作状语，填simply。‎ ‎48. 考查固定搭配。此处为固定搭配短语：see...as“看作为……，视为……”。‎ ‎49. 考查way的用法。way后接动词的用法：way of doing；way to do。‎ ‎50. 考查动词。此处为固定短语：get involved in“涉及……”。‎ ‎3. 【河北省衡水中学2018届高三考前适应性训练仿真模拟四】阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式.‎ Chrysanthemum (菊花) comes from China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the 5th century BC. The flower ___41___ (introduce) to Japan during the Tang Dynasty. It usually begins to bloom (开花) in the 9th lunar month, lending a festive atmosphere to Double Ninth Day. That’s why the month is also referred to ___42___ “the month of chrysanthemum”.‎ The flower has been favored by ___43___ (poet) through the ages, because it is one of the only flowers that bloom in late autumn. Du Fu, a great Tang Dynasty poet, wrote more than ten poems singing the praises of the flower.‎ Chinese people ___44___ (be) fond of enjoying chrysanthemum on Double Ninth Day long before. Chrysanthemum displays were usually held immediately after ___45___ day in some regions of China in the Qing Dynasty. People in Beijing began to stick chrysanthemums on doors and windows ___46___ (get) rid of the bad luck and bring in the good ones, ___47___ was an alteration (改变) of the custom of ___48___ (wear) chrysanthemum on people’s heads. At these displays family members accompany their elders to have a relaxing day in a natural atmosphere while wishing for good health and ___49___ (happy) for them. The displays are often ___50___ (live) with a sea of visitors.‎ ‎【答案】41. was introduced 42. as 43. poets 44. were ‎ ‎45. the 46. to get 47. which 48. wearing 49. happiness 50. lively ‎【解析】文章讲述了菊花的历史、文化及相关的一些活动及意义。‎ ‎41. was introduced.考查被动语态。句中主语The flower和动词introduce是被动关系，指这种花被介绍，在句中作谓语用被动语态，根据时间状语the Tang Dynasty.可知用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was introduced.‎ ‎42. as.考查介词。句意：这就是为什么九月被叫做菊花月的原因，表示作为，故填as.‎ ‎43. poets.考查名词。句中poet是可数名词，此处泛指古往今来的诗人们，用复数形式。故填poets.‎ ‎44. were.考查主谓一致。根据时间状语long before可知此处用过去时，与主语Chinese people保持一致用复数，故填were.‎ ‎45. the.考查冠词。此处是特指Double Ninth Day用定冠词，表示重阳节之后，故填the.‎ ‎46. to get.考查动词不定式。此处是不定式表目的，指人们把菊花贴在门窗上是为了摆脱坏运气，故填to get.‎ ‎47. which.考查定语从句。句中包含非限制性定语从句，用which引导指代前面句子，故填which.‎ ‎48. wearing.考查动词形式。句中介词of后用动词的-ing形式作宾语，故填wearing.‎ ‎49. happiness.考查名词。与and前的名词health并列也用名词，指健康和幸福，故填happiness.‎ ‎50. lively.考查形容词。此处是形容词作表语，指这种展览有大量的游客是生气勃勃的，故填lively.‎ ‎4. 【四川省双流中学2018届高三考前第二次模拟】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Over the last few years, learning Chinese ____41____ (become) popular among people all over the world. Last month, I received an email from my cousin Jack, ____42____ lived in Canada. He said he was enthusiastic about ‎ Chinese and asked me to find him some books ____43____ (special) intended for Chinese beginners. ____44____ (feel) very happy, I couldn’t wait to find him some books. So I went from one bookstore to another to find something ____45____ (suit) for him. Finally I selected a set of Chinese textbooks among ____46____ (variety) of similar ones. Then I went to a post office to have ____47____ (they) delivered by air without delay. Several days ____48____ (late), I received Jack’s email, in which he said that he really appreciated the books I had sent ____49____ him. I’m very glad that Jack is beginning to learn Chinese just like many other foreigners abroad, but I know it may be ____50____ enjoyable challenge for him.‎ ‎【答案】41. has become 42. who 43. specially ‎ ‎44. Feeling 45. suitable 46. varieties ‎ ‎47. them 48. later 49. to 50. an ‎【解析】本文主要讲了我生活在加拿大的表弟Jack想要学习中文，于是我给他邮寄了一些适合汉语初学者的中文书籍。‎ ‎44. 考查非谓语动词。feel与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填Feeling。‎ ‎45. 考查形容词。修饰不定代词something，用形容词，填suitable。‎ ‎46. 考查固定短语。varieties of各种各样的，是固定短语，所以填varieties。‎ ‎47. 考查宾格。作have的宾语，用宾格，所以填them。‎ ‎48. 考查固定用法。表示……天以后，用later。‎ ‎49. 考查固定短语。send to发送到；发送给，是固定短语，所以填to。学科*网 ‎50. 考查冠词。泛指“一个快乐的挑战”，且enjoyable的首字母发音是元音，所以填不定冠词an。‎ ‎5. 【黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学2018届高三第四次模拟】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ China is a big old country and it has a history of more than five thousand years. We are proud of ___41___ (it) culture and part of the culture even influences the world ___42___ (great), for example, the thought of Confucius. As Chinese economy develops very fast and plays ___43___ important role in the world, more and more ___44___ (foreign) learn Mandarin (普通话) in Confucius institutions. The Chinese traditional culture can be tested by the time. It unites the whole nation and no matter ___45___ kind of disaster comes, we will fight together for the country’s future. Today, many young people lose ___46___ (faith) in traditional culture and they are crazy ___47___ the western culture. They follow the western fashion, ___48___ (think) we are the old style. But someday, they ___49___ (realize) they are wrong ___50___ (abandon) traditional culture.‎ ‎【答案】41. its 42. greatly 43. an 44. foreigners ‎ ‎45. what 46. faith 47. about 48. thinking ‎ ‎49. will realize 50. to abandon ‎【解析】中国是一个古老的大国，有五千多年的历史。我们为自己的文化感到骄傲，文化的一部分甚至对世界产生了巨大的影响。目前很多年轻人崇尚西方的文化，但是总有一天，他们会意识到放弃传统文化是错误的。‎ ‎41. 考查形容词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，culture是名词，故答案为its。‎ ‎42. 副词修饰动词。此处influence是动词，副词修饰动词，故答案为greatly。‎ ‎43. 考查固定搭配。play a role/part in---，在---上扮演角色，此处important以元音音素开头，修饰名词role，故答案为an。‎ ‎44. 考查名词复数。随着中国经济发展迅速，在世界上发挥着重要作用，越来越多的外国人在孔子学院学习普通话。此处用名词复数，故答案为foreigners。‎ ‎45. 考查让步状语从句。此处kind（种类），是名词，所以这里是no matter what引导的让步状语从句，答案为what。‎ ‎46. 考查固定搭配。今天，许多年轻人对传统文化失去了信心。lose faith in对---失去信心，故答案为faith。‎ ‎47. 考查固定搭配。他们对西方文化疯狂。be crazy about对---疯狂，故答案为about。‎ ‎48. 考查现在分词。他们遵循西方的时尚，认为我们是旧的风格。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故答案为thinking。‎ ‎49. 考查时态。但总有一天，他们会意识到放弃传统文化是错误的。根据someday,可知句子用一般将来时态，故答案为will realize。‎ ‎50. 考查动词不定式。但总有一天，他们会意识到放弃传统文化是错误的。be wrong to do sth.错误地去做某事，故答案为to abandon。‎ 短文改错 ‎1. 【黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学2018届高三第四次模拟】‎ Last Sunday, some of my classmate and I took a bicycle trip along the “East Lake Green Road”. It specially built for people to relax ourselves. The scenery along the road was breathtaking, with big trees, fragrant flowers, tall hills and clear lakes in both sides. We stopped by a lake for the rest, where a great many people were playing happily. But something unpleasant caught up our eyes. There was rubbish here or there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles floated on the surface of the lakes. Such a beautiful place was so serious polluted. What a shame! Therefore* we couldn’t help collecting the rubbish after we left.‎ ‎【答案解析】本文是一篇记叙文。上星期天骑自行车旅游时，发现到处都是垃圾，并且湖里飘着很多塑料袋和塑料瓶，这个美丽的地方严重被污染，离开时情不自禁地收集垃圾。‎ ‎1.考查名词复数。Some of +名词复数，故把classmate改成classmates。‎ ‎2.考查被动语态。它是专门为人们放松自己而建造的。It和build之间是被动关系，且“build”是过去的动作，所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故在it后加was。‎ ‎3.考查反身代词。它是专门为人们放松自己而建造的。此处是“放松他们自己”‎ ‎，故把ourselves改成themselves。‎ ‎4.考查介词。On both sides在两边，故把in改成on。‎ ‎5.考查冠词。我们停在湖边休息一会儿。for a rest休息一会儿，故把the改成a。‎ ‎6.考查固定词组。Catch one’s eyes引起某人的注意，故把up去掉。‎ ‎7.考查固定结构。here and there到处，故把or改成and。‎ ‎9.考查副词。这样一个美丽的地方被严重污染了。副词修饰过去分词，故把serious改成seriously。‎ ‎10.考查连词。因此，当我们离开时或我们离开以前，我们情不自禁地收集垃圾。结合句意，可知把after改成when/before。‎ ‎2. 【四川省双流中学2018届高三考前第二次模拟】‎ I am good at English and always get high marks in English test. Last month, an English speech contest held in our school. I take part on behalf of our class. Proud of my excellently English, I ignored my teacher’s advice but didn’t prepare for the contest at all. The important day came in. When it was my turn, I walked onto a stage confidently. However, the moment I saw the speech topic, my mind went complete blank. I was at a loss for words because I knew something about the topic. Filled with regret and shame, I learned a good lesson: pride comes after a fall.‎ ‎【答案】1. test ‎ ‎2. was held ‎ ‎3. took ‎ ‎4. excellent ‎ ‎5. but改为and ‎6. 去掉in ‎ ‎7. the stage ‎ ‎8. completely ‎ ‎9. something改为nothing ‎ ‎10. comes before ‎【解析】本文作者通过参加英语演讲比赛失败的经历明白了这样一个道理：骄兵必败。‎ 考查名词单复数。我擅长英语，并且在英语考试中总是获得很高的分数。“英语考试”是复数意义，所以用名词复数，第一句 test 改成 tests。‎ 考查时态。“一个英语演讲比赛”和“举行”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，综上所述，用一般过去时的被动语态，所以第二句 held前面加上was。‎ 考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以take 改成 took。‎ 考查形容词。修饰名词English，用形容词，所以第四句 excellently 改成 excellent。‎ 考查连词。我忽视了我的老师的建议，并且根本没有为这次比赛做准备。表示并列关系，所以第四句but 改成and。‎ 考查动词。最重要的这天到来了。come当“到来”讲，是及物动词，所以第五句去掉in。‎ 考查冠词。特指“这个舞台”，所以用定冠词the。‎ 考查副词。修饰形容词blank，用副词，所以第七句 complete改成completely。‎ 考查不定代词。我茫然不知所措，因为我一无所知。所以第八句 something 改成nothing。‎ 考查谚语。我得到了一个好的教训：骄兵必败。pride comes before a fall. 骄兵必败，是一句谚语，所以第九句 after改成before。‎ 名师点睛：小题9考查不定代词。一般情况下：something通常用于肯定句，anything通常用于否定句或疑问句。例如：There is something in the box. （肯定句）There isn’t anything in the box. (否定句) Is there anything in the box? (疑问句) nothing 在意义上等于 not anything。例如： I know nothing about it. (=I don’t know anything about it )我对此事一无所知。‎ ‎3. 【河北省衡水中学2018届高三考前适应性训练仿真模拟四】‎ Yesterday I went to see a film with my best friend. We set off at 1:30 in the afternoon and plan to arrive at the cinema before 2:30 so that we could watch the 3:15 show. The traffic was terrible bad. That made it even worse was that our bus broke up on the way. They stopped a taxi but rushed to the cinema, arriving ten minutes before the show. “Two ticket for 3:15,” Kate said, put the money on the courier. The film started at the moment we sat down in the cinema. It was an exciting film and we had great time yesterday afternoon.‎ ‎【答案】略