【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习考点讲解学案之：话题八　人物介绍

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习考点讲解学案之：话题八　人物介绍

话题八　人物介绍 A ‎[2018·浙江6月·A]‎ In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steampowered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy (识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.‎ In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.‎ How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a halfdozen of them. It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.‎ 体裁：记叙文　题材：人物介绍　主题：英国作家狄更斯 ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了英国伟大的作家狄更斯的创作历程和他的伟大之所在。‎ ‎【熟词生义】　plain常用义：平原，平地　本句义：绝对地　top常用义：顶端的；最高的　本句义：顶端 ‎【难句分析】　But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.‎ 分析：这是一个复合句。要注意as引导的是时间状语从句，而主句中and important for our own culture是插入语。‎ 译文：但是随着狄更斯200周年诞辰的到来，对我们的文化来说可能而且重要的是，我们要理解他是如何使自己永垂不朽的。‎ ‎1．Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?‎ A．They were difficult to understand.‎ B．They were popular among the rich.‎ C．They were seen as nearly worthless.‎ D．They were written mostly by women.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad”可知，在18世纪的时候，小说被人们看作是愚蠢的，不道德的和非常糟糕的，所以选C项。‎ ‎2．Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress ________.‎ A．his reputation in France B．his interest in modern art C．his success in publication D．his importance in literature 答案与解析：D　考查推理判断。根据第二段，尤其是“Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from... the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa”可推知，狄更斯的伟大是不容置疑和无可辩驳的，如果说要把他从英国文学史上拿掉的话，就犹如卢浮宫把蒙娜丽莎卖掉一样。由此我们推断出此处是在强调狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性。‎ ‎3．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?‎ A．To remember a great writer.‎ B．To introduce an English novel.‎ C．To encourage studies on culture.‎ D．To promote values of the Victorian age.‎ 答案与解析：A　考查写作意图。根据文章最后一段中的“No one will ever know...such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches... lasting one”可推知，作者写作本文主要是为了纪念狄更斯200周年诞辰。‎ B ‎[2019·陕西省部分学校摸底]‎ ‎ Thomas Hardy, probably the most searching and knowledgeable novelist of his time, was born on June 2,1840, in Dorsetshire, England. He died on January 11, 1928. In his youth, Hardy read much and dreamt of becoming a poet, but he studied and practiced architecture as an assistant to a London architect, winning a prize for design. The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training.‎ ‎ For five years Hardy worked hard to practice writing poetry, but when he was twentyseven, he turned to fiction. His first novel finished by 1867, but according to the advice of George Meredith he decided not to publish it. After he abandoned his first novel, his another novel Desperate Remedies, appeared in 1871. During the next twentyfive years he published ten more novels and two collections of short stories.‎ ‎ Under the Greenwood Tree (1872) was never surpassed (超越) in happy and delicate perfection of art. This and his next novel, A Pair of Blue Eyes (1873), began to show deep irony (讽刺) which is so obvious throughout Hardy's writings.‎ ‎ Far from the Madding Crowd (1874) was his first popular success. It shows Hardy's amazing power of describing nature as symbolic background for his characters, an organic part of the action of his story. This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude the Obscure. Not until he was fiftyeight years old was his first collection of poems published, and he was sixtyfour when the first part of his drama The Dynasts surprised the literary world.‎ 体裁：记叙文　题材：人物传记　主题：作家Thomas Hardy ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品。‎ ‎【难句分析】　Not until he was fiftyeight years old was his first collection of poems published, and he was sixtyfour when the first part of his drama The Dynasts, surprised the literary world.‎ ‎ 分析：本句是and连接的并列句；前面是Not until引导的时间状语从句，因not until位于句首，故主句部分进行了倒装；后面的句子包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句。‎ ‎ 译文：直到他五十八岁，他的第一本诗集才出版，并且当他的诗剧《列王》的第一个部分震惊了文学界时，他已经六十四岁了。‎ ‎4．How did Thomas Hardy benefit from his architectural career?‎ A．He could practice writing while working.‎ B．He made a lot of money to support his writing.‎ C．He found material for his novels and poems.‎ D．He applied architectural knowledge in his novels.‎ 答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training”可知，在他的小说中细腻的结构描述可能得益于他在建筑方面的学习训练，即他把建筑知识应用到了他的小说中。选D项。‎ ‎5．What is Thomas Hardy's Under the Greenwood Tree considered to be?‎ A．One of his masterworks.‎ B．His first popular success.‎ C．His best novel in perfection of art.‎ D．One of his best collections of poems.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“Under the Greenwood Tree (1872) was never surpassed (超越) in happy and delicate perfection of art”可知，《绿树林下》在艺术的恰当和熟练方面从未被超越。‎ ‎6．Which of the following is one of his novels of character and environment?‎ A．Desperate Remedies 　　B．A Pair of Blue Eyes C．Tess of the d'Urbervilles 　　D．The Dynasts 答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第四段第三句“This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the ‎ d'Urbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude the Obscure”可知，Tess of the d'Urbervilles是性格和环境小说，故选C。‎ ‎7．What type of writing is this text?‎ A．A novel. B．A biography.‎ C．A book review. D．A news report.‎ 答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品，属于人物传记，故选B。‎ C ‎[2019·济南模拟]‎ At 1,345 meters above sea level, Ben Nevis is definitely not the world's most difficult mountain to climb. But things get considerably tricky if instead of hiking shoes you put on a pair of 5inch high heels, especially if you're a guy. One English teenager recently proved that it was not impossible.‎ Ben Conway, a 19yearold art student from London, recently took up the challenge as a way to stand out in an application for a scholarship for the School of Communication Arts in Brixton. He started his unusual highheel climb at 8 a．m., on June 27, and was joined by Callum MacKenzie Allen, a friend from his art foundation year, who videotaped the whole thing for a twominute video that served as his application project. The whole climb took five hours and wasn't the smoothest experience.‎ Halfway up Ben Navis, one of his shoes broke, so he had to tape the shoes to his feet to make sure they stayed on. The weather didn't make it easy for him either, as he claimed that it rained pretty much the whole time, and he had to go against 40 to 50 miles an hour winds. Due to these difficult conditions, Ben and his friend had to turn back after reaching 900 meters up the mountain.‎ Apart from providing a unique art school application project, the highheel climb also allowed the 19yearold to raise some money for worthy causes, like Sal's Shoes, which provides footwear for barefoot children around the world.‎ ‎“Raising money for charity brings happiness to people's lives and if I can do something ridiculous and bring someone happiness, then that's what it's all about，” Ben said.‎ 体裁：记叙文　题材：人物介绍　主题：Ben Conway穿高跟鞋爬山的故事 ‎【文章大意】　本文主要介绍了19岁的英国学生Ben Conway穿5英寸(约13厘米)的高跟鞋爬海拔1 345米的本尼维斯山的故事。‎ ‎【难句分析】　The weather didn't make it easy for him either，as he claimed that it rained pretty much the whole time，and he had to go against 40 to 50 miles an hour winds.‎ 分析：本句中The weather为主语；make it easy为“动词make＋宾语＋宾补”结构；as引导原因状语从句。‎ 译文：天公不作美，他爬山的难度更大了，天气也并没有使他的爬山变得容易，因为他说天几乎一直在下雨，而且他不得不顶着每小时40到50英里的风前行。‎ ‎8．What can replace the underlined word “tricky” in Paragraph 1?‎ A．Pleasant. B．Boring. ‎ C．Tough. D．Smooth. ‎ 答案与解析：C　考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“At 1,345 meters above sea level，Ben Nevis is definitely not the world's most difficult mountain to climb”可知，海拔1 345米的本尼维斯山绝对不是世界上最难攀爬的山峰。根据画线词所在句中的“But”可知，前后句为转折关系，且根据前一句中的“difficult”及后一句中的“impossible”可知，画线词所在句表示，但是如果不是穿登山鞋而是穿一双5英寸的高跟鞋的话，特别是对一个男人来说，事情就相当难办了。因此画线词tricky的意思为“难办的，棘手的”，故选C项。‎ ‎【干扰项分析】　A项pleasant“令人愉快的，舒适的”；B项boring“枯燥的”；D项smooth“顺利的；光滑的”。‎ ‎9．Why did Allen videotape the highheel climb for Ben? ‎ A．To prove nothing is impossible.‎ B．To record a special experience.‎ C．To promote their friendship.‎ D．To assist in Ben's application.‎ 答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He started... was joined by Callum MacKenzie Allen，a friend from his art foundation year，who videotaped the whole thing for a twominute video that served as his application project”‎ 可知，Allen录下Ben穿高跟鞋爬山的过程是为了协助Ben进行奖学金的申请，故选D项。‎ ‎10．What does Paragraph 3 focus on?‎ A．The difficulties in the climb.‎ B．The climbing route.‎ C．The terrible weather.‎ D．The unexpected incident.‎ 答案与解析：A　考查段落大意。根据第三段中的“Halfway up Ben Navis，one of his shoes broke... The weather didn't make it easy for him either，as he claimed that it rained pretty much the whole time，and he had to go against 40 to 50 miles an hour winds.Due to these difficult conditions”可知，Ben在穿高跟鞋爬山过程中高跟鞋坏了一只、天几乎一直在下雨、顶着每小时40至50英里的风，因此第三段主要写的是Ben在爬山过程中遇到的困难，故选A项。‎ ‎11．What can best describe Ben's story?‎ A．Puzzling. B．Inspiring.‎ C．Exciting. D．Frightening.‎ 答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。通读全文并根据第一段中的“One English teenager recently proved that it was not impossible”可知，Ben的故事向我们证明困难的事情是可以做到的，他的故事是鼓舞人心的，故选B项。‎