天津市南开区2020届高三第二次模拟考试英语试题 Word版含解析

天津市南开区2020届高三第二次模拟考试英语试题 Word版含解析

‎2019—2020学年度第二学期南开区高三年级模拟考试（二）‎ 英语学科试卷 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时间100分钟，第Ⅰ卷1至12页，第Ⅱ卷13至16页。‎ 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 祝各位考生考试顺利！‎ 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项：‎ ‎1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。‎ ‎2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。‎ 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分 第一节：单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ 例: Stand over there ________ you’ll be able to see it better.‎ A. or. B. and C. but D. while 答案是B。‎ ‎1.Staying at home, no socializing and wearing a face mask if going anywhere have proved to be the most ________ ways to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus.‎ A. effective B. expensive C. miserable D. suspicious ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：待在家里，不参加社交活动，出门带口罩是预防新型冠状病毒传播的最有效的方法。A. effective有效的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. miserable悲惨的；D. suspicious可疑的。根据空前列举的预防措施及常识可知，此处指“最有效的方法”。故选A。‎ ‎2.—Reading is the best way to kill time on the train.‎ ‎—________ I never go traveling without a book.‎ A. You are joking. B. I don’t think so. C. That’s true. D. Don’t mention it.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——阅读是在火车上消磨时间的最好方式。——我不这么认为。我从不带着书去旅行。A. You are joking.别开玩笑了；B. I don’t think so.我不这么认为；C. That’s true.这是真的；D. Don’t mention it.别客气。根据空后I never go traveling without a book.可知，后者不赞同前者的观点。故选B。‎ ‎3.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the side ones.‎ A. one B. this C. it D. that ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查代词。句意：主街上交通灯的绿灯指示时间比旁边小街上的绿灯指示时间长。空处指代的是前面的the traffic，这是个抽象不可数名词，而且是特指。本题四个选项都为替代词，one用于指代上文中出现的单数可数名词，表泛指，此处完全不符合；this不能用于此种形式的指代；it用于指代上文提到的同名同物，但此处是指代另外街道上的交通，亦不符合；that指代上文中出现的不可数名词或单数可数名词，表特指，其后有修饰语限制，符合该空要求，综上应选D。‎ ‎4.With the development of economy, our income has increased ________ 10% recently.‎ A. by B. in C. on D. at ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查increase相关的固定短语。句意：随着经济的发展，我们的经济最近增长了10%。A. increase by增长了……；B. increase in在……方面增长；C. increase on在……方面增长；D. increase at以某个恒定速率增长（如连续几年以某个速率稳定增长或年均增长）。结合句意，此处应是指近期某次统计中增长了10%，介词后为数字，而非某个具体方面，排除B、C，且该速率并非长期的恒定速率，排除D，故选A。，‎ ‎5.— Would you like to join us in the match?‎ ‎—Sorry. I am not ________ as any of you.‎ A. so a good player B. so good a player C. a player so good D. a so good player ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查固定句型。句意：——你愿意参加我们的比赛吗？——对不起。我没有你们任何一个人打得好。此处是固定句型：not as/so…as…，as/so后面先接形容词，再接冠词，后接名词。故选B。‎ ‎6.—Mike is planning to buy a car.‎ ‎—I know. By next month, he ________ enough for a second-hand one.‎ A. saves B. saved C. will have saved D. has saved ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——迈克正计划买一辆车。——我知道。到下个月，他就攒够钱买一辆二手货了。根据空前时间状语By next month可知，save是延续到将来某个时候的动作，应该用将来完成时。故选C。‎ ‎7.You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________home in the snowstorm.‎ A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你无法想象我们在暴风雪中步行回家有多么困难。本题考查have difficulty (in) doing sth.短语的变式运用。difficulty在句中充当先行词，其后为定语从句，所以用动名词作宾语。故选D。‎ ‎8.—Could you share with me your ________ for happiness?‎ ‎—Having a positive outlook on life.‎ A. record B. recipe C. range D. receipt ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你能和我分享一下你的快乐秘诀吗？——拥有积极的人生观。A. record记录；B. recipe食谱，秘诀；C. range范围；D. receipt收据。根据空后for happiness可知，此处指“快乐秘诀”。故选B。‎ ‎9.It is estimated that living expenses for international students in the university ________ around $9,000 a year, which ________ a heavy burden for some of them.‎ A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：据估计，大学里留学生的生活费大约要9000美元一年，这对于其中有些人来说是一笔沉重的负担。完成本题，应分别找出两个主语，第一个空之前的主语living expenses for international students in the university可提炼出living expenses（生活费用），为可数名词复数，故谓语用are；第二个空之前的which在定语从句中作主语，指代的是先行词around $9,000 a year，“一年大约9000美金”在此处为一个费用数额，在英语中视为一个整体，使用单数，故谓语用is。综上，本题应选D。‎ ‎10.________ deserts for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty.‎ A. To study B. Having studied C. Studying D. Studied ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：（尽管）已经研究了这么多年沙漠，我仍然惊诧于它们美丽。此处是位于句首的让步状语，表达“我”已经研究多年，而非表达想要进行研究的目的状语，排除A；动词study与主句主语I构成主动关系，应使用现在分词而非过去分词，排除D；结合for many years，该句强调的是从很多年前开始到现在，已经研究多年，使用现在完成时，故应选B。‎ ‎11.Students show great interest in ________ Professor William presents to them in his class.‎ A. whichever B. wherever C. whatever D. however ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：学生们对威廉教授在课堂上给他们讲授的任何东西都表现出极大的兴趣。A. whichever无论哪一个，有特定范围；B. wherever无论哪里；C. whatever无论什么；D. however无论如何。介词后接宾语，此处为宾语从句，引导词在从句中做present 的宾语，指代“讲授的内容”，应用whatever。故选C。‎ ‎12.Tommy, ________ your doctor’s advice or your cold will get worse.‎ A. follow B. following C. followed D. follows ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查祈使句的语法结构。句意：汤米，遵从医嘱，否则你的感冒会加重。此处为对汤米的直接要求、命令，属祈使句，句首动词应使用原形，故选A。‎ ‎13.—Sir, could I turn in my homework assignment a bit late?‎ ‎—________, since you haven’t been well these days.‎ A. You can’t be serious B. Oh, all right C. I’m afraid not D. Good idea ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——老师，我可以晚一点交作业吗？——哦，好吧，既然你这几天身体不太好。A. You can’t be serious你不是认真的吧；B. Oh, all right哦，好吧；C. I’m afraid not恐怕不能；D. Good idea好主意。根据空后since you haven’t been well these days.可知，老师同意了学生的请求。故选B。‎ ‎14.It was difficult to ________ what was said over the loudspeaker in the big square.‎ A. make out B. come out C. turn out D. bring out ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在这大广场上，很难分辨出大喇叭里面的人在说什么。A. make out辨认出，理解；B. come out 结果是，出现，出版；C. turn out 出席，参加，最后是；D. bring out出版，公布。结合句意，在大广场上辨认大喇叭里的声音很难，故选A。‎ ‎15.Detectives are investigating the company, three of ________ senior executives have already been under arrest.‎ A. its B. which C. those D. whose ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查定语从句。句意：侦探们正在调查这家公司，公司的三名高管已经被捕。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是company，在从句中做senior executives的定语，意为“公司的高管”，应使用whose引导。故选D。‎ 第二节：完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，将短文内容补充完整。‎ The weather was cold. I drove down long narrow road with Boris, my old high school friend. He was very outgoing and treated everybody ____16____, no conditions added.‎ After graduation, I went into the Navy, and gradually lost ____17____ with him. Ten years later saw a man that ____18____ Boris. But he was blind in one eye. I said hello and introduced myself. I could ____19____ he could not see me ____20____ he turned the opposite way. Then I said that again. He answered ____21____, “I don’t know you and you don’t need to ____22____ who I am. Don’t ____23____me and leave me alone.” I did not ____24____ what I was hearing because he used to be very kind and _____25_____ person.‎ It’s apparent that he didn’t _____26_____ anyone. He must have had a hard time since he left school or someone might have _____27_____ him. So I immediately _____28_____ I would not be one of those people. Then he told me he became blind while helping someone. But nobody showed any _____29_____ toward him and even laughed at him a lot. I told him that I would always be his friend. _____30_____ he put down everything in the heart and chose to forgive others since he didn’t live better with hatred. This is going to be a reunion and a new _____31_____.‎ I believe that love and kindness conquer all. Ever since I was little, my parents told me even though people are _____32_____ sometimes, the best way to deal with that is kindness. I believe if we had not shown our _____33_____ toward these people, that would _____34_____ both sides in the end. _____35_____ if we stuck to our hatred and lived in the shadow of it, we would never enjoy a happy life.‎ ‎16. A. nicely B. equally C. seriously D. patiently ‎17. A. favor B. contract C. touch D. friendship ‎18. A. appeared B. resembled C. impressed D. reflected ‎19. A. guess B. tell C. receive D. admit ‎20. A. because B. so C. but D. before ‎21. A. coldly B. slowly C. eventually D. reluctantly ‎22. A. compare B. care C. notice D. expect ‎23. A. judge B. tease C. ignore D. bother ‎24. A. understand B. believe C. mind D. know ‎25. A. warm B. fair C. encouraging D. outstanding ‎26. A. trust B. choose C. know D. help ‎27. A. abandoned B. hurt C. cheated D. doubted ‎28. A. warned B. acknowledged C. guaranteed D. suggested ‎29. A. responsibility B. attention C. kindness D. caution ‎30. A. Really B. Recently C. Immediately D. Finally ‎31. A. shape B. settlement C. signal D. beginning ‎32. A. absurd B. greedy C. mean D. narrow-minded ‎33. A. sadness B. hatred C. disappointment D. cruelty ‎34. A. benefit B. enjoy C. forgive D. move ‎35. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Therefore ‎【答案】16. A 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了“我”偶遇十年未见的老友之后，发生的一系列故事。朋友因遭受身体和心灵上的双重创伤，而对生活充满了怨恨，对他们充满了不信任，而“我”正是帮助他走出这一切的人。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他十分开朗外向，而且无条件对每个人都很好。A. nicely为人好地；B. equally平等地；C. seriously严肃地，严重地；D. patiently耐心地。性格外向开朗的人，一般会对人很好（也就是俗称的这人很nice），A符合语境，这里没有强调他对待不同人的情况，“平等地”不符具体语境，且此处是笼统地概括他的为人，非具体的某件事或某种品质，D于文无据，综上，应选A。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕业后我加入了海军，慢慢地和他失去了联系。A. favor赞同，帮助，喜欢；B. contract合同，契约；C. touch联系，接触；D. friendship友谊。结合下文，他们下次见到是十年后了，也就是这期间失去了联系，C符合语境，且文中无任何两人友谊闹翻的内容，干扰项D应排除，故选C。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：十年后，我见到了一个长得像鲍里斯的人。A. appeared出现，发生；B. resembled像，类似；C. impressed给……留下深刻印象；D. reflected反映，映射。结合语境，十年未见，我看到了一个很像鲍里斯的人，但太久没见，我也不敢笃定，故选B。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我猜测他不能看见我，因为他转向了相反的位置。A. guess猜测；B. tell辨认，告诉；C. receive收到；D. admit承认。我不是那个人，无法真正感知到他是否能看见“我”，而是根据后面他所做出的行为进行推断，因而这是一种猜测，故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我猜测他不能看见我，因为他直接转向了相反的位置。A. because因为；B. so所以；C. but但是；D. before在……之前。连词后的句子内容，是我做推测的依据，因此这一连词是“因为”，故选A。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他冷冷地回答着。A. coldly冷酷地，冷漠地；B. slowly慢慢地；C. eventually最终；D. reluctantly不情愿地。根据其后回答，男子十分冷酷，根本不想开始对话，A正确，此处我没有请求他办事，干扰项D也应排除，故选A。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不认识你，你也没有必要管我是谁。A. compare比较；B. care关心，顾虑；C. notice通知，注意到；D. expect 期待。此时男子不想展开对话，他不认识我，也让我不要去管他是谁或者是关心他是谁（即不care），故选B。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：别烦着我，让我一个人待着。A. judge判断，裁判；B. tease取笑，嘲弄；C. ignore忽视；D. bother烦扰，打扰。男子想一个人待着，不想被打扰，故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不相信自己所听到的，因为他过去是很亲切很暖（热情）的一个人。A. understand理解；B. believe相信；C. mind介意；D. know知道。过去的鲍里斯和眼前的这个人为人简直是天壤之别，我难以置信，故选B。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不相信自己所听到的，因为他过去是很亲切很暖（热情）的一个人。A. warm温暖的，热情的；B. fair公平的；C. encouraging鼓舞人心的；D. outstanding杰出的。此处对应的是鲍里斯过去的为人，与第一段呼应，他是一个为人很好，十分亲切、温暖、热情的人，只有A可用于描述为人风格，故选A。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很明显，他不信任任何人。A. trust信任；B. choose选择；C. know知道；D. help帮助。面对一个主动和他打招呼的人，在还没弄清楚对方是谁的情况下，他直接置之不理，很明显，不信任别人，故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一定是在离开学校之后，过了一段很苦的日子，或者是有人伤害了他。A. abandoned抛弃，遗弃；B. hurt伤害，使受伤；C. cheated欺骗；D. doubted怀疑。他变成今天这样，肯定是被人伤害过，B符合语境，对于干扰项A和C，这两种情况均有可能，也可能是其他情况，但都能囊括进hurt（伤害）中，故选B。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我立刻保证自己不会是那些人之中的一个。A. warned警告；B. acknowledged承认；C. guaranteed保证，确保；D. suggested建议，推荐。从下文看，这之后眼前的鲍里斯就敞开心扉了，所以此处我向他保证自己不会是那些人之一，故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，没人对他表现出善意，甚至还嘲笑他。A. responsibility责任；B. attention注意力，关注；C. kindness善意，友好的行为，仁慈；D. caution 小心，谨慎。他因帮助别人导致眼睛残疾之后，别人还嘲笑他，这是带有恶意的行为，也就是没人对他表现出善意，故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，他放下了内心的一切包袱。A. Really真的；B. Recently最近；C. Immediately立即，立刻；D. Finally最终，终于。他已经有很长一段时间活在怨恨与痛苦中，在我告诉鲍里斯自己将永远做他的朋友之后，他终于放下过去的包袱，使用finally符合这个过程的语境，故选D。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这将是一次重聚，也是一个新的开始。A. shape形状；B. settlement解决，结算；C. signal信号；D. beginning开始。鲍里斯放下过去，重新开始了新的生活，故选D。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我父母告诉我，即使有时候人们很刻薄，那最好的化解方式也是善意。A. absurd荒谬的，可笑的；B. greedy贪婪的；C. mean刻薄的，D. narrow-minded狭隘的，有偏见的。结合前文内容，一开始鲍里斯的态度很mean（很刻薄），之前对待鲍里斯的那些人同样很刻薄，同时其它选项均不符合语境，故选C。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信，如果我们没有对这些人表达怨恨，那么最终的结果是双方都受益。A. sadness伤心；B. hatred怨恨，憎恨；C. disappointment失望；D. cruelty残酷，残忍。本题为原词复现，hatred是全文多次出现的关键词，鲍里斯之前一直对嘲笑他的那些人怀有恨意，一直带着怨恨生活，故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我相信，如果我们没有对这些人表达怨恨，那么最终的结果是双方都受益。A. benefit受益；B. enjoy享受；C. forgive原谅；D. move移动，感动。以善意对待彼此，对双方都好，两边都受益，故选A。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不然的话，如果我们坚持自己的怨恨情绪，而后活在它的阴影下，那我们永远都不能享受到幸福的生活。A. Besides此外，还有；B. Otherwise否则，不然；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。该句与上句构成转折关系，原本B、C都符合，但空处之后没有逗号，而However表达“然而，但是”的意义时，其后需加逗号，故选B。‎ 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。‎ A Here are Important Travel Notices from United Airlines March 20, 2019, 7:12 AM. Information is updated as it is received.‎ ‎1. Travel and the Zika virus If you have a ticket for travel to a country affected by the Zika virus (as listed on the CDC website) and have concerns, please contact the United Customer Contact Center with any questions or changes to your reservation. Customers advised to avoid the affected regions based on CDC guidance may change their destination or travel date without a fee or may choose to receive a refund if their tickets were booked before February 28, 2019. The new travel date must be within the validity of the ticket. Additional charges may apply if there is a difference in fare for the new travel route.‎ ‎2. Longer lines at security checkpoints Procedural changes at TSA checkpoints throughout the United States may result in longer lines at security checkpoints. Please plan accordingly and allow for extra time at the airport. The TSA advises arriving at the airport two hours before your flight for US travel and three hours before for international travel. To save time at security, we encourage you to visit www.tsa.gov.com and apply for tsa pre-check.‎ ‎3. Notice for flights departing the European Union, Norway and Switzerland ‎ EU Regulation 261/2004 requires air lines to provide the following notice: if you are not allowed to board or if your flight is canceled or delayed for at least two hours, ask at the check-in counter or boarding gate for the form, stating your rights, particularly about compensation and assistance.‎ ‎4. How to protect yourself Travelers to regions affected by Zika can take precautions to prevent contracting the disease by protecting themselves against mosquitos. The CDC recommends visitors to areas with Zika wear long-sleeved clothing, apply mosquito repellant, and use a mosquito net at night.‎ ‎36. Travelers don’t have to pay additional fees when they want to ________.‎ A. rearrange their travel date at any time B. cancel their flights booked before February C. apply for a refund for tickets booked in March D. choose a longer and more expensive route to a new destination ‎37. What do we know from Notice 2?‎ A. Pre-check can be done online to save time for travelers.‎ B. Security checkpoints are not available during this period.‎ C. It usually takes longer time to go through the security check in the US.‎ D. Security check of International flights is stricter than that of the US ones.‎ ‎38. Compensation can be asked for when ________.‎ A. passengers refuse to board the plane B. passengers miss their flight due to traffic jam C. passengers’ flight is delayed at least two hours D. passengers forget to state their right in the form ‎39. Which is the effective method to protect yourself against Zika?‎ A. Wearing long-sleeved shirts only during the flight.‎ B. Protecting the mosquitos with the disease C. Avoiding the smell of mosquito repellant.‎ D. Setting a mosquito net before going to sleep.‎ ‎【答案】36. B 37. C 38. C 39. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了United Air lines向乘客公布的重要旅行通知。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Travel and the Zika virus中的Customers advised to avoid the affected regions based on CDC guidance may change their destination or travel date without a fee or may choose to receive a refund if their tickets were booked before February 28, 2019.可知，根据疾病控制和预防中心的指导建议避开受影响地区的乘客，可以免费更改目的地或旅行日期，或者如果他们的机票是在2019年2月28日前预订的，可以选择退款。由此可知，如果旅客想取消二月份之前预订的航班，他们不需要支付额外的费用。故选B。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据Longer lines at security checkpoints中的Procedural changes at TSA ‎ checkpoints throughout the United States may result in longer lines at security checkpoints. Please plan accordingly and allow for extra time at the airport.可知，全美运输安全管理局安检处程序的变化可能会导致安检处的队伍变长。请做出相应地计划并留出在机场的额外时间。由此可知，在美国，通过安全检查通常需要较长的时间。故选C。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Notice for flights departing the European Union, Norway and Switzerland中的if you are not allowed to board or if your flight is canceled or delayed for at least two hours, ask at the check-in counter or boarding gate for the form, stating your rights, particularly about compensation and assistance.可知，如果你不被允许登机，或者你的航班被取消或延误了至少两个小时，向登记柜台或登机门索要表格，说明你的权利，特别是关于赔偿和帮助的权利。由此可知，当乘客的航班延误至少两小时时，可以要求赔偿。故选C。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据How to protect yourself中的The CDC recommends visitors to areas with Zika wear long-sleeved clothing, apply mosquito repellant, and use a mosquito net at night.可知，美国疾病控制与预防中心建议前往寨卡疫区的游客穿长袖服装，使用驱蚊剂，夜间使用蚊帐。结合选项可知，D项Setting a mosquito net before going to sleep.(睡觉前搭一个蚊帐)与原文相符。故选 D。‎ B Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart.‎ ‎ "I have two kids in college, and I want to say come home. ' but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education," says Jacobs.‎ ‎ The Jacobs family, did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid from the schools, and each son increased his' borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (贷款) program. They will each graduate with $ 20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school.‎ ‎ With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear from more families like the Jacobses. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.‎ ‎ At the same time, tuition (学费) continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family income rose just 147% . Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade.‎ ‎ "If we go on this way for another 25 years, we won't have an affordable system of higher education," says Patrick M. Calan, president of the center. "The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt."‎ ‎ Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.‎ ‎40. According to Paragraph 1. why did the plan of the Jacobs family fail?‎ A. The twins wasted too much money. B. The father was out of work.‎ C. Their saving ran out. D. The family fell apart.‎ ‎41. How did the Jacobses manage to solve their problem?‎ A. They asked their kids to come home.‎ B. They borrowed $20, 000 from the schools.‎ C. They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.‎ D. They got help from the schools and the federal government.‎ ‎42. Financial aid administrators believe that________.‎ A. more families will face the same problem as the Jacobses B. the government will receive more letters of complaint C. college tuition fees will double soon D. America's unemployment will fall ‎43. What can we learn about the middle class families from they text?‎ A. They blamed the government for the tuition increase.‎ B. Their income increased steady in the last decade.‎ C. They will try their best to send kids to college.‎ D. Their debts will be paid off within 25 years.‎ ‎44. According to the last paragraph the government will________.‎ A. provide most students with scholarships B. dismiss some financial aid administrators C. stop the companies from making student loans D. go on providing financial support for college students ‎【答案】40. B 41. D 42. A 43. C 44. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了政府努力为大学生学费提供贷款。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第一段Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart.可知，双胞胎儿子在上大学要交学费，丈夫失业，家庭陷入困境。故选B。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第三段They asked and received more aid from the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (贷款) program. 其解决方案是向学校和联邦政府索求更多的援助，每个儿子增加贷款到最大额度。故选D。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第三段With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear from more families like the Jacobses.可知，更多的家庭将面临与Jacobs一家同样的问题。故选A。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.可知，中产阶级家庭不惜一切代价送孩子上大学。故选C。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted. 可知，政府表示，资金将不受干扰地流动。从而可以推断出，政府继续为大学生提供经济支持。故选D。‎ C ‎“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”‎ ‎“Two full inches in the first three days!”‎ These are the kinds of statements used in magazine，newspaper, radio and television ads, promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters of products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles, or in some other way to add to beauty or desirability.‎ Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoters. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health.‎ To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public, it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug, FDA(Food and Drug Administration)can require proof under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device, FDA has no authority to require premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the market is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily, or it can take legal action, including seizure(查封)of the product.‎ One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor, which had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.‎ Obviously, most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings(法律诉讼)，and new devices appear continually. Before buying, it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.‎ ‎45. It can be inferred that the ads mentioned in the text are . .‎ A. objective B. costly C. unreliable D. illegal ‎46. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?‎ A. The court is in charge of removing dangerous products.‎ B. New products are more likely to be questionable.‎ C. The production of a device must be approved by FDA.‎ D. The promoters usually just care about profits.‎ ‎47. FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product ‎ A. if it is a drug B. if it is a device C if its consumers make complaints D. if its distributors challenge FDA’s authority ‎48. The Relaxacisor is mentioned as .‎ A. a product which was designed to produce electricity B. a product whose distributor was involved in a legal case C. a successful advertisement of a beauty product D. an example of a quality beauty product ‎49. The author intends to ‎ A. make consumers aware of the promoters’ false promises B. show the weakness of the law on product safety C. give advice on how to keep young and beautiful D. introduce the organization of FDA ‎【答案】45. C 46. D 47. A 48. B 49. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是一些不切实际的广告宣传，目的都是为了赚钱，提醒读者要意识都广告的虚假承诺 ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题，根据第四段Often such products are nothing more than money--making things for their promoter. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health可知，通常这些产品只不过是为他们的推广者赚钱而已。 它们产生的结果值得怀疑，有些对健康有害。由此判断出这些广告都是不可靠的。故选C项。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 细节理解题，根据第四段Often such products are nothing more than money--making things for their promoter可知，通常这些产品只不过是为他们的推广者赚钱而已。所以推销员只在乎他们的利润。故选D项。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 细节理解题，根据第五段If the product is a drug, FDA（Food Drug Administration） can require proof （证明）under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that is safe and effective before it is put ‎ on the market可知，如果该产品是一种药物，FDA(食品药品监督管理局)可以要求根据《食品、药物和化妆品法》(Food, drug, and Cosmetic Act)在投放市场前提供安全有效的证明。故选A项。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 细节理解题，根据倒数第二段One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor可知，几年前的一个著名案例涉及一种叫做Relaxacisor的电子设备。所以Relaxacisor是经销商卷入法律案件的产品。故选B项。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第四段根据第四段Often such products are nothing more than money--making things for their promoter. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health可知，通常这些产品只不过是为他们的推广者赚钱而已。 它们产生的结果值得怀疑，有些对健康有害。和最后一段Before buying, it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items在购买之前，要由消费者来判断这些物品的安全性或有效性。.文章讲述的是一些不切实际的广告宣传，目的都是为了赚钱，提醒读者要意识都广告的虚假承诺。故选A项。‎ D Addiction is a term that we hear all the time but it’s a surprisingly tricky concept to pin down. Orally, we might say things like: “Oh, I downloaded this new game on my phone and I’m totally addicted to it.” But from a clinical perspective, we think of addiction as occurring when someone has found that their life whether it’s’ their relationships with friends or family, their ability to perform their jobs, or something else has been knocked off-kilter (冲昏头脑) by desire to perform behavior.‎ Prof Robert West, editor-in-chief of the journal Addiction, defines addiction “a psychological condition that involves repeated powerful motivation to engage in a behavior that’s learnt through experience, and that has either actual or potential harmful consequences”. Under this definition, it is possible to be addicted to anything—not just substances—if it turns from a want for it to a need for it, and it puts a person at risk of harm.‎ In 2008, Bowden-Jones set up the National Problem Gambling Clinic. To date, this is the only NHS-funded treatment center for people with problem gambling (赌博). Despite seeing some of the most severe cases of gambling addiction in the country in her clinic, she is keen to point out that the ‎ scale of the problem might not be as extreme as some would think. Despite lots of people gambling and the pervasive (遍布的) nature of gambling advertising, problem gamblers make up less than one per cent of the population.‎ Yet she wonders whether there is something about how modern technology has become increasingly risky. “The more you have availability, the more you uncover vulnerability,” she says. And there’s concern among researchers from several different countries that online games and apps are taking inspiration from gambling to keep people playing, and paying. These include what are known as “loot boxes”. These are prizes, paid for with real money, where the contents are not known until they’re purchased. Recent research has suggested purchase of these prizes is linked to higher levels of problematic gambling behavior.‎ However Bowden-Jones points out that technological advances have also improved support for some people with problematic gambling. Software now exists to block gambling-related websites across people’s devices. Banking apps can allow a person to disable any ability to spend money on gambling, cautiously, by just toggling (切换) a switch. She believes that this is a big step forward -historically people were encouraged to hand their finances to their partners. This can put pressure on relationships and there is strong evidence to show it can increase domestic violence.‎ It’s hard to tell addiction is on the increase, partly because as yet there aren’t standardized measures by which to assess things like problematic gaming, and large-scale surveys have not been done. But just because we might see people glued to their phones while they’re on buses or trains or while walking down the street, it doesn’t mean we’ve become nation who are addicted to the Internet.‎ Nonetheless, in 2018 the World Health Organization announced that it was classifying gaming disorder as a mental health condition, decision they based on a review of the evidence and after discussion with experts. However, some researchers worry that this classification will lead to overdiagnosis of gaming The NHS does not offer treatment for gaming disorder, and a pilot treatment clinic has been delayed. It’s clear that we know very little about how many people have gaming disorder, and it’s likely that the vast majority of people who play games do so with no harm to their health whatsoever. Having said that, for those who are worried, it is possible to spot the warning signs of pleasurable activity becoming compulsion (强迫力), either in yourself or in those around you.‎ Robert West has some final words of advice for those individuals who are trying to reduce their need for a behavior. “Self-control is much easier when you set fixed boundaries than when you leave the rules more flexible,” he explains. Be strict with yourself and don’t allow your boundaries to slide, then even if you do slip up, you can get back on track.‎ ‎50. What is addiction according to the first two paragraphs?‎ A. It is a repeated desire to perform a behavior.‎ B. It is a physical and mental condition.‎ C. It is a habit of downloading new games.‎ D. It is the direct result of carelessness.‎ ‎51. What does Bowden-Jones think of gambling addiction?‎ A. It is affected by gambling advertising.‎ B. Its scale is small and fewer people develop it.‎ C. It can be treated in a NHS-funded center.‎ D. Its severity is beyond imagination of some people.‎ ‎52. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?‎ A. Online apps take inspiration from gambling.‎ B. More prizes lead to more gambling behavior.‎ C. More money brings more prizes in loot boxes.‎ D. Too much use of technology brings more risk.‎ ‎53. What do technological advances in Paragraph 5 indicate?‎ A. Banking apps are popular among banks.‎ B. They can increase domestic violence.‎ C. They can bring about positive results.‎ D. Software can block gambling-related websites.‎ ‎54. Why do researchers worry about the classification of gaming disorder?‎ A. Playing games do no harm to lot of people.‎ B. We’ve become a nation addicted to the internet.‎ C. It isn’t scientific and may lead to wrong diagnosis.‎ D. A pleasant activity may become a strong force.‎ ‎55. What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A. Is addiction on the rise? B. How addiction is defined?‎ C. Is Robert West’s advice reasonable? D. What is Bowden Jones’s research?‎ ‎【答案】50. A 51. B 52. D 53. C 54. C 55. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文，围绕上瘾（addiction）这一术语展开，介绍了赌博及电子游戏的成瘾，并探讨了电子科技的发展对这两种成瘾人群的影响，以及这一心理学领域目前存在的诸多热点问题。文中各路学者专家观点激烈交锋，具有较强的学术性。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一、二段的内容，并结合第二段开头Prof Robert West, editor-in-chief of the journal Addiction, defines addiction “a psychological condition that involves repeated powerful motivation to engage in a behavior that’s learnt through experience, and that has either actual or potential harmful consequences”.可知，根据权威教授的定义，上瘾是一种心理上的状态，它涉及的是一种反复多次的强大驱动力，想要去做某件事，实施某种行为，因而A“是一种反复多次想要实施某种行为的欲望”符合原文内容，对于干扰项B，让人上瘾的可以是某种物质，也可以是某个行为，某种欲望，但上瘾本身是一种心理上（精神层面）的状态，应排除B，综上本题选A。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据原文第三段“She is keen to point out that the scale of the problem might not be as extreme as some would think. Despite lots of people gambling and the pervasive (遍布的) nature of gambling advertising, problem gamblers make up less than one per cent of the population.”并结合该段内容可知，虽然她见过许多赌博上瘾的极端案例，但她敏锐地指出，实际上问题并没有有些人想象的那么严重，尽管很多人赌博，广告也满天飞，但实际上真出问题，成瘾的占百分之一还不到，B选项“范围小，进一步发展成瘾的就更少了”符合原文，干扰项D实际为“严重性超乎了有些人的想象”，刚好与原文内容相反，综上应选B。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 句意猜测题。对于划线句子（一位学者的话），直译结果为“你享受了越多的便利（实用性），就会揭露你越多的弱点。”结合上一句“Yet she wonders whether there is something about how modern technology has become increasingly risky.”可知说这句话（划线句子）的学者在担心的是现代电子科技给人带来的风险逐渐变高了，同时结合该段剩下内容，指出许多在线游戏和APP 正从赌博中汲取灵感，研究利用人们的心理，让人们欲罢不能、沉迷其中，这是另一种形式的“上瘾”，故划线句的真正意思是：电子技术的过度使用，带来了更多风险。故选D。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据原文第五段第一句“Bowden-Jones points out that technological advances have also improved support for some people with problematic gambling.”可知，这位学者指出技术的进步可以为有赌博上瘾问题的一些人提供更多的支持和帮助，之后该段内容列举了一些APP在这方面的具体功能。因此，技术进步体现的是它们能带来一些积极的结果，C符合原文，故选C。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据原文第七段“However, some researchers worry that this classification will lead to overdiagnosis of gaming.”可知有些科研人员担心的是这一分类法会带来过度诊断的问题，C选项中提到的这一分类法不够科学，可能导致错误诊断符合原文，故选C。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。纵观全文内容，其围绕addition（上瘾，成瘾）这一术语展开，文中各路学者、各种观点激烈交锋，研究进展或成果来源丰富，因而这篇文章不是围绕某位学者的具体观点或研究展开探讨的，C、D可直接排除。分析文章结构，第一、二段直接以探讨addiction的定义开篇，其后各段分别探讨了传统上的赌博上瘾，其中提到严格按标准定义来说的话，上瘾的人并不多，随后过渡迁移到现代电子信息科技上的上瘾，并详细探讨了上瘾与否的分类法（界限、边界）问题，其可能导致的过度诊断；等等。同时结合文章开篇两段的点题句或关键句“Addiction is a term that we hear all the time but it’s a surprisingly tricky concept to pin down…Prof Robert West defines addiction…Under this definition, it is possible to be addicted to anything.”可知文章的主要内容是探讨“上瘾”如何被定义，故选B。‎ 第Ⅱ卷 注意事项：1. 用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。‎ ‎2.本卷共6题，共35分。‎ 第三部分：写作 第一节 阅读下面短文，按照要求用英语回答问题。‎ Mothers and fathers all over the world teach their children manners. Other children may have manners that are not like yours. There are all kinds of manners.‎ Many years ago, children who had good manners were seen and not heard. They kept quite quiet if grown-ups were talking. Today, well-mannered children have more freedom.‎ Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.‎ Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia. Some friends ask you to eat with them. What kind of manners do they want you to have? They want you to give a loud “burp” after you finish eating. Burping would show that you liked your food.‎ In some countries, if you give a loud burp, you are told to say “Excuse me, please.” In many places, people like to eat together But in some parts of Polynesia, it is bad manners to be seen eating at all. People show good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat.‎ ‎ What are manners like in an East African town? The people try not to see you. They are being polite. You may see a friend. He may not see you at all. If you are polite, you will sit down beside him. You will wait until he finishes what he is doing. Then he will talk to you.‎ Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia. You should walk behind the other tents until you come to his tent. If you pass in front of the other tents, you’ll be asked into each one. The people will ask you to eat with them. And it is bad manners if you say no.‎ Manners are different all over the world. But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way. People needed ways to show that they wanted to be friends.‎ ‎56. What is the best title of the passage? (no more than 10 words)‎ ‎57. How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? (no more than 10 words)‎ ‎58. In Mongolia, what action is thought to be a good manner according to the passage? (no more than 6 words)‎ ‎59. What are well-mannered people expected to act in some parts of Polynesia during eating? (no more than 10 words)‎ ‎60. Traditionally, what is a good manner during eating in China? (no more than 20 words)‎ ‎【答案】56. Different kinds of manners (all over the world). ‎ ‎57. Children with good manners don’t interrupt the speaking adults. ‎ ‎58. Giving a loud “burp”. ‎ ‎59. To turn their backs on others. ‎ ‎60. Heading to the right seat and never starting eating before all guests gather together.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文，主要向读者介绍了世界各地有不同的礼仪习俗，且各具特色又殊途同归。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 标题判断题。根据全文内容，先是以世界各地的父母都会教给孩子礼仪习俗，但各不相同引入，紧接着列举了世界各国、各地区不同礼仪习俗的典型例子，最后作结。再结合最后一段的首句（点题句）“Manners are different all over the world.”可将标题凝练为“（世界各地）不同的礼仪习俗”，故答案为：Different kinds of manners (all over the world).‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 句意猜测题。划线句子直译过来为“礼仪好的孩子被看见而不被听见”，本句应重点解决were seen and not heard的含义，根据下一句的解释“They kept quite quiet if grown-ups were talking.”可知这是指他们在大人讲话时保持安静，在场（被看见）但不出声插话（不被听见）。据此进行解释，故答案为：Children with good manners don’t interrupt the speaking adults.‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据原文第四段：They want you to give a loud “burp” after you finish eating. Burping would show that you liked your food.可知在蒙古，他们希望你吃完后大声地打个饱嗝，因为这是在表示你喜欢你刚吃的食物，是一种符合当地礼仪习俗的做法。故答案为：Giving a loud “burp”.‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据原文第五段“But in some parts of Polynesia, it is bad manners to be seen eating at all. People show good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat.”可知在这里被别人看到你正吃饭就是不符合礼仪的行为，因此吃的时候要转过去，背对着别人，才是good manners，故答案为：To turn their backs on others.‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 常识判断题。本题要求列举中国的部分传统餐桌礼仪，在原文中无相关内容，需根据自己的知识储备和生活常识写，如讲究座次、酒桌文化、客人到齐才可动筷等等。故答案为：Heading to the right seat and never starting eating before all guests gather together.‎ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎61.假设你是李津，你的英国朋友Tom对你们学校最近开展的“书香校园”活动很感兴趣，写信向你咨询相关情况。请你用英语给他写一封回信，介绍此次活动的开展情况，内容包括：‎ ‎（1）开展此次活动的目的；‎ ‎（2）此次活动的具体内容（例如：二手书市，读书分享会，……）；‎ ‎（3）此次活动反响如何；‎ ‎（4）你对此次活动的看法。‎ 注意：‎ ‎（1）词数100左右；‎ ‎（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：Scholarly Campus 书香校园；second-hand book fair二手书市 Dear Tom,‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Jin ‎【答案】Dear Jack,‎ I’m glad that you are interested in the Scholarly Campus activity in our school. I’m eager to tell you something about it.‎ Recently our school has held the Scholarly Campus activity with the aim of encouraging us students to read more books. We have conducted several activities, such as having class meetings about books, holding the second-hand book fair, sharing reading experience and so on. Now the concept of Scholarly Campus is so well-received that you can find students reading books all over the campus.‎ As for me, I’m more than happy to join in the activity. Not only does it arouse students’ interest in reading, but it also cultivates students’ love for knowledge and, more importantly, for life. I’m ‎ sure it will bring benefits for students.‎ Wish you all the best!‎ Yours,‎ Li Jin ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封回信：假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack对你们学校最近开展的“书香校园”活动很感兴趣，写信向你咨询相关情况。请你用英语给他一封回信，介绍此次活动的开展情况，内容包括: 1. 开展此次活动的目的；2. 此次活动的具体内容(例如:二手书市，读书分享会，……)；3. 此次活动反响如何；4. 你对此次活动的看法。时态应为一般现在时。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； Scholarly Campus（书香校园），second-hand book fair（二手书市），aim（目的），encourage（鼓励）， conduct（组织），well-received（受到欢迎的），concept（概念），arouse（引起），knowledge（知识）及benefit（益处）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。‎ ‎【点睛】本文内容完整，层次分明，结构紧凑，表达准确。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。‎ 范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be interested in（对……感兴趣），be eager to do（渴望做），with the aim of (其目的是)，such as（例如），more than（多于、不只是）以及join in（参加），而且还使用了宾语从句I’m glad that you are interested in the Scholarly Campus activity in our school.”及“I’m sure it will bring benefits for students.，状语从句Now the concept of Scholarly Campus is so well-received that you can find students reading books all over the campus.，倒装句Not only does it arouse students’ interest in reading, but it also cultivates students’ love for knowledge，非谓语动词Recently our school has held the Scholarly Campus activity with the aim of encouraging us students to read more books.全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。‎