2020届二轮复习短文语法填空解题技巧指导

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空解题技巧指导

‎2020届二轮复习 短文语法填空解题技巧指导 ‎[考情分析·一目了然]‎ 考查点 卷·文体 年份 有提示词 无提示词 派生词 谓语动词 非谓语动词 比较等级 名词的数 代词的格 冠词 介词 代词 并列连词 从属关联词 其他语境填词 ‎2019‎ 全国卷Ⅰ(说明文)‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ 全国卷Ⅱ(记叙文)‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎3‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎2018年 全国卷Ⅲ(记叙文)‎ ‎3‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎2‎ ‎/‎ 全国卷Ⅰ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎2‎ ‎/‎ ‎(说明文)‎ 全国卷Ⅱ(说明文)‎ ‎3‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎2‎ ‎/‎ 全国卷Ⅲ(记叙文)‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎2017年 全国卷Ⅰ(说明文)‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ 全国卷Ⅱ(说明文)‎ ‎3‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ 全国卷Ⅲ(记叙文)‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎1‎ ‎/‎ ‎3年统计 ‎19‎ ‎16‎ ‎18‎ ‎4‎ ‎4‎ ‎1‎ ‎7‎ ‎6‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎11‎ ‎1‎ ‎[命题规律·一语中的]‎ 分析全国卷近三年的考点分布可以看出，语法填空考点设置有如下特点：‎ 一、有提示词类：设置7个小题 高频考点 谓语动词 ‎1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。‎ 非谓语动词 ‎1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。‎ 派生词 ‎1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。‎ 名词 ‎0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。‎ 形容词和副词类 ‎1～2题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。‎ 低频考点 代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。‎ 二、无提示词类：设置3个小题 高频 考点 介词 ‎0～1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。‎ 冠词 ‎0～1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。‎ 从属关联词 ‎0～2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。‎ 低频考点 并列连词 ‎0～1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。‎ 其他 ‎0～1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do, does, did；构成部分倒装的do, does, did；构成一般疑问句的do, does, did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before, ago, however, anyway ...)等。‎ ‎[做考题·明考情]‎ A ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence __61__ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __62__ (poor)studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.‎ Modern methods__63__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive __64__ (perform) consistently over a large area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __65__(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a __66__ (believe) that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by __67__ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the ‎ illusion (错觉) that populations are __68__ (high) than they actually are. Of __69__ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __70__(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须保护的现状。‎ ‎61．that　考查同位语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。‎ ‎62．poorly　考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。‎ ‎63．of/for　考查介词。a method of/for doing sth.“做某事的方法”。‎ ‎64．to perform　考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎65．have reported　考查时态。根据句中的时间状语in recent years可判断用现在完成时。‎ ‎66．belief　考查词性转换(动词变名词)。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填believe的名词形式belief“看法，信念”。‎ ‎67．noting　考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。‎ ‎68．higher　考查形容词的比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。‎ ‎69．the　考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎70．are　考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；six指代six polar bear subpopulations，谓语动词应用复数。‎ B ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90yearold has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __61__(be) Britain's oldest fulltime employee — still working 40 hours a week.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __62__ she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have __63__(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.‎ Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __64__(declare) she had no plans __65__(retire) from her 36yearold business.Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __66__(make) over the years.I work not because I have to，__67__ because I want to.”‎ Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 — who works alongside her in the family business — said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call __68__(say) she was shortlisted, we thought it was __69__ joke.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.It's __70__(wonder)．”‎ 语篇解读：‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一位90岁的英国女性仍然坚持每周工作40个小时而获得“年度女性奖”的事迹。语篇以积极工作为切入点，宣扬劳动精神，引导考生培养劳动意识。‎ ‎61．being　考查非谓语动词。介词for后跟动词时，要用其动名词形式。‎ ‎62．which　考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎63．finally　考查副词。副词修饰动词acknowledge。‎ ‎64．declared　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语动词；结合后面的had可知，此处应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎65．to retire　考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语作plans的后置定语，表示“她没有退休的计划”。 ‎ ‎66．have made　考查时态。根据空格后的时间状语over the years可知，句子要用现在完成时。‎ ‎67．but　考查连词。not ...but ...“不是……而是……”。句意：我工作不是因为我必须工作，而是因为我想工作。‎ ‎68．saying　考查非谓语动词。say与前面的a call之间是主动关系，故填saying，现在分词短语saying ...作后置定语，修饰a call。‎ ‎69．a　考查冠词。joke“笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后用了单数joke，故其前用a。‎ ‎70．wonderful　考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。系动词is后面跟形容词作表语。wonder对应的形容词是wonderful。‎