【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语篇部分专题一第1讲细节理解类

【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语篇部分专题一第1讲细节理解类

专题一　阅读理解 读文方式 ‎(一)问题→文章→问题　先看问题，然后带着问题去读文章，再答题。这种方式能够节省答题时间，针对性强，适用于解答细节性和事实性的题目。‎ ‎(二)文章→问题→文章　粗读文章，然后看题目，再精读来答题。这种方式有利于把握文章主旨及作者的观点意图，对文章理解度较深，但速度较慢。‎ 上面两种读文方式无优劣之别，一旦选择了适合考生自身的方式，就要持之以恒。‎ 化解生词 在此，我们首先强调考生必须要注意词汇的积累，因为它是提高阅读水平最基础也是最重要的一步。但一般来说，在文章中总会碰到一些生词，这也符合《考试大纲》(允许出现3%的超纲词)的要求。对于生词我们一般可通过以下三种方式来破解：‎ ‎1．跳过无关紧要的词 高考的阅读理解中出现的生词有相当大的一部分是没必要精准知道词义的，它的具体含义对文章或基本句意的理解不会有什么影响。如，同时出现的几个首字母大写的单词，很可能是专有名词，只需知道它是某个名称即可；再如，斜体的单词很可能是某书、电影等的名称或某个专业术语，只需知道它代表何物即可。对于类似这样的词汇，考生不必过多纠缠，跳过便是。我们建议考生在平时练习时，要加强对生词的容忍度并进行跳过技巧的训练，这样临场时才能保证做题的速度和准确率。‎ ‎2．猜测有影响的词 阅读中有些生词对文章理解至关重要，必须要知道它的准确含义，这类词通常是“词义猜测”类试题的设题重点。对于它的破解我们会在下文“第4讲 词义猜测类”中具体阐述。‎ ‎3．拆分长难句 阅读中出现的长难句经常是考生对文章理解的障碍，这是因为它一方面结构复杂，经常多种从句套用，另一方面是因为它分隔现象比较普遍，常将从句隔离开，有时还出现省略、倒装、虚拟等特殊句式用法，这些无疑都增加了理解的难度。长难句的破解关键在于要能找出句子的主干成分，分清从属成分。即将“枝叶”——介词短语、插入语、定语(从句)、状语(从句)、同位语(从句)、非谓语等去掉，留下的便是“主干”。‎ ‎[典例]　Rachel Liang (梁文音), a Taiwanese singer, who once competed in a series of Taiwanese singing contests, such as the Blackie Show (《我爱黑涩会》), and One Million Stars (《超级星光大道》), rose to fame while playing Kojima Tomoko (友子) in the Taiwanese block Cape No.7 (《海角七号》)．‎ ：同位语(a Taiwanese singer)，定语从句(who once competed in a series of Taiwanese singing contests, such as the Blackie Show, and One Million Stars)，状语从句的省略(while playing Kojima Tomoko in the Taiwanese block Cape No.7)；‎ ：Rachel Liang rose to fame. (S＋V)梁文音成名了。‎ 梁文音何许人也(同位语)，经历如何(定语从句)，什么节目中成名(状语从句的省略)。‎ 阅读侧重点 ‎1．首尾处 ‎ 高考中的阅读理解尤其是说明文和议论文，文章的结构层次都非常规范，逻辑性都很强，这类文章的首尾段经常是文章的主旨要义，而每段的首尾句经常又是该段落的主题句。正因如此这些地方也就理所当然地成为了命题的重点所在。‎ ‎2．转折处 文章中的转折处经常是体现作者观点或文章主题的地方，考生看到这些地方要重点关注并做上标记，以便做题时查找。常见的转折词语有：but, however, yet, still, in fact, as a matter of fact, on the contrary等。‎ ‎3．对比处 文章中作者经常将两个事物、事实或观点进行对比，以论证自己观点的正确性，而命题者常将针对双方的属性进行设题，此类试题多是推理判断题。常见的表示对比的标志性词语有：unlike, by contrast, (be) compared with, in comparison等。‎ ‎4．举例处 一般情况下在议论文和说明文中，作者都会通过例证的方式来说明某事物的功能作用或论证某种观点，这些地方通常是设题的热点区域。考生要牢记一般举例的前后处即为该例子的论点，找到了论点也就找到了根源，做题也就有了依据。常见的标志性词语有：like, such as, for example, for instance, take ... as an example等。‎ ‎5．因果处 因果关系阐明了两事物的内在联系，是作者进行分析或得出结论的地方。正因如此，命题者对这些地方非常青睐，通常命题者会将因果颠倒去迷惑考生。常见的词语有：because, for, since, as, so, thus, therefore, consequently, cause, because of, due to, thanks to, as a result (of), result in/from, lead to等。需要注意的是，有时候文章中虽未出现表示因果关系的词语，但在逻辑上存在此种关系，此时考生就要根据实际情况去进行推理判断，理清逻辑。‎ ‎6．特殊标点处 文章的特殊标点符号处通常是作者表达特殊意图的地方，也是命题者经常设题处。因此，考生要对下列特殊标点符号格外留心：①破折号，其后的内容通常为对前面内容的解释说明或补充，用来表明此处信息至关重要。但两个破折号的作用通常为插入语，一般不会是重点信息所在；②冒号，主要用来对前面内容进行解释或总结。一般情况下，出现冒号考生重点关注冒号后的内容即可；③括号，考生需要注意的是英文中的括号不同于中文的用法，中文里可跳过，但英文必须要认真阅读。因为英文括号里的内容通常用来解释或强调括号前的内容，是重点信息所在处。‎ ‎7．结论处 当文章中出现the research/study indicates, the report suggests等结论性表达时，考生要格外注意。因为命题者通常不考查实验或研究的过程，却关注其结果或结论，而这些地方恰恰是表达结果或结论的所在。‎ ‎8．观点处 文章的作者及文章中提到的相关人员对某人或事物表达的观点态度通常会是命题的重点区域。做题时要注意doubt, appreciate, hate, be against/for, in favor of等词语。‎ 真题导练 A ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·D篇)During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.‎ Popularity is a wellexplored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers. The likables' playswellwithothers qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jumpstart interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.‎ Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”‎ In one study, Dr Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least wellliked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”‎ Dr Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.‎ In analyzing his and other research, Dr Prinstein came to another conclusion：Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage，” he said.‎ ‎32．What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?‎ A．Unkind.　　　　B．Lonely. C．Generous.　　　　D．Cool.‎ ‎33．What is the second paragraph mainly about?‎ A．The classification of the popular.‎ B．The characteristics of adolescents.‎ C．The importance of interpersonal skills.‎ D．The causes of dishonorable behavior.‎ ‎34．What did Dr Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids?‎ A．They appeared to be aggressive.‎ B．They tended to be more adaptable.‎ C．They enjoyed the highest status.‎ D．They performed well academically.‎ ‎35．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Be Nice—You Won't Finish Last B．The Higher the Status, the Better C．Be the Best—You Can Make It D．More Self－Control, Less Aggressiveness　　　　‎ 第一步　速读全文，了解大意 本文是一篇说明文。文章从社会心理学视角讨论青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论述了个体受欢迎程度对青少年的影响。 ‎ 第二步　细审题干，定位原文 ‎32．推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词“early_years_of_elementary_school”可定位到第一段第一句，根据句意和sharing一词可推知，作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选C项。‎ ‎33．段落大意题。根据第二段第二句可知Dr Prinstein教授将受欢迎的人分为两类，第三句和第四句分别用“The_likables' ... ”和“Then_there's_the_kind_of_popularity_that_appears_in_adolescence ...”引出后文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。同时本段第二句中的关键词sort ... into ... (把……分成……)与A项中的classification相呼应，所以A项可以概括本段大意。‎ ‎34．推理判断题。根据题干信息定位文章第四段最后一句中的“It_clearly_showed_that_while_likability_can_lead_to_healthy_adjustment”可知，Dr Prinstein的研究发现，最讨人喜欢的孩子往往适应性强。B项中的adaptable一词与第四段中的adjustment一词相呼应。故选B项。‎ ‎35．标题判断题。通读全文并根据最后一段第一句可知，本文主要介绍了研究者发现讨人喜欢对青少年成长有深远的有益影响，因此A项作为标题最合适。‎ 第三步　有的放矢，核对答案 通过题干的关键词，在文中找到信息区间，仔细对比，再次核实答案。‎ B ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.‎ Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.‎ At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.‎ Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150). Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questionmark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.‎ ‎　‎ ‎28．What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?‎ A．They developed very fast. B．They were large in number.‎ C．They had similar patterns. D．They were closely connected.‎ ‎29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Complex. B．Advanced.‎ C．Powerful. D．Modern.‎ ‎30．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?‎ A．About 6,800. B．About 3,400.‎ C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200.‎ ‎31．What is the main idea of the text?‎ A．New languages will be created.‎ B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.‎ C．Human development results in fewer languages.‎ D．Geography determines language evolution.　　　　‎ 第一步　速读全文，了解大意 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少的现象及其原因。‎ 第二步　细审题干，定位原文 ‎28．推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词hunter－gatherer，定位文章第一段第二、三句可知，当人类社会处在原始社会，人们以狩猎为生时，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的语言模式。当世界上的人口数量在五百万到一千万时，语言种类达到了12,000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。‎ ‎29．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“dominant_languages_such_as_English,_Spanish_and_Chinese_are_increasingly_taking_over”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语越来越占据统治地位。由此推知，dominant意为“占优势的；强大的”。故选C。‎ ‎30．细节理解题。根据题干中的less than 6,000 people，定位第三段中的“At_present,_the_world_has_about_6,800_languages.”和“The_median_number_(中位数)_of_speakers_is_a_mere_6,000,_which_means that_half_the world's_languages_are_spoken_by_fewer_people_than_that.”可知，目前世界上大约有6,800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6,000人的占一半，即3,400。故选B。‎ ‎31．主旨大意题。定位文章第一段第一句和第二段第二句可知，本文所讲的主要内容为随着时代的发展，语言在逐渐消失和减少。故选C。‎ 第三步　有的放矢，核对答案 通过题干的关键词，在文中找到信息区间，仔细对比，再次核实答案。‎ C ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·C篇)After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.‎ Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of ‎ the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.‎ The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources (来源) for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red foxes, and completely drove away the park's beavers.‎ As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone‎ ‎Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.‎ The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The US Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.‎ ‎28．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Wildlife research in the United States.‎ B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.‎ C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.‎ D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone‎ ‎Park.‎ ‎29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Tested. B．Separated.‎ C．Forced out. D．Tracked down.‎ ‎30．What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?‎ A．Damage to local ecology.‎ B．A decline in the park's income.‎ C．Preservation of vegetation.‎ D．An increase in the variety of animals.‎ ‎31．What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?‎ A．Doubtful. B．Positive.‎ C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring.　　　　‎ 第一步　速读全文，了解大意 本文是一篇说明文。以前在黄石地区随处可见的灰狼消失了。灰狼的消失引发了一系列生态问题。鉴于此，政府启动了一项历时30年的引进和繁育狼的计划，迄今为止已经取得了很好的成效。‎ 第二步　细审题干，定位原文 ‎28．主旨大意题。议论文的中心主旨往往在首尾段，速读首尾段定位到第一段可知，文章围绕重新将灰狼引入黄石公园展开讨论。故选D。‎ ‎29．词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，灰狼曾经随处可见，再结合第二段中“wolves_had_practically_disappeared”可知，与displaced意思最接近的是C项意为“迫使离开”。‎ ‎30．推理判断题。根据题干信息定位第三段可知，灰狼的消失产生了很多意想不到的结果。鹿群及丛林狼的数量快速增长，前者导致植被被破坏，后者杀死大量红狐狸并将河狸赶出公园。由此可知，灰狼的消失导致当地的生态失去平衡。故选A。‎ ‎31．推理判断题。定位最后一段可知，灰狼回归后，鹿群及丛林狼的数量减少了，而河狸和红狐狸又回来了，再由“a_valuable_experiment_to_help”等可推断出作者对于黄石狼项目持肯定的态度。故选B。‎ 第三步　有的放矢，核对答案 通过题干的关键词，在文中找到信息区间，仔细对比，再次核实答案。‎ 第1讲　细节理解类 题型概述 题型破解 ‎1 定位对比破解直接信息题 解题指导　审读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文→比对选项与文中细节，得出答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇) ... ‎ In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic－like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.‎ ‎30．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?‎ A．It'll be environment－friendly.‎ B．It'll reach consumers soon.‎ C．It'll be made of plastics.‎ D．It'll help speed up typing.‎ 解析　B　根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”及关键词“expect”与最后一句中“hope”的呼应，可直接定位到最后一句话“该团队希望在不久的将来，将智能键盘推向市场”。故选B。‎ ‎2 同义互释破解间接信息题 解题指导　审读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换(同义或近义词语)→逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·A篇) ... ‎ Summer Employment Opportunities (机会)‎ Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.‎ Who is eligible：Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.‎ ‎23．Which program favors the disabled?‎ A．Jobs for Youth.‎ B．Summer Company.‎ C．Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.‎ D．Summer Employment Opportunities.‎ 解析　D　根据题干中的关键词“the disabled (残疾人)”可直接定位到最后一则暑期工作公告中的“persons with a disability”两者属于典型的同义词替换，故选D。‎ ‎3 整合推算破解数字计算题 解题指导　审读题干，提取关键信息→定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落→运用数学公式进行推算，得出答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2018·江苏高考·A篇) ... ‎ Admission ‎$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters (回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.‎ ‎ ... ‎ ‎56．How much may they pay if an 11yearold girl and her working parents visit the museum?‎ A．$12. B．$37.‎ C．$50. D．$62.‎ 解析　C　根据题干关键词How much和pay可迅速定位到原文信息$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.可知，成人票价25美元，12岁以下儿童在大人的陪同下免费。因而11岁的女孩和其父母只需支付两张成人票款即可。通过计算可知答案应为C项。‎ ‎4 首尾定位破解细节排序题 解题指导　审读题干和四个选项的内容→利用首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围→如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，进一步缩小范围；如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。‎ ‎[典例]　A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.‎ Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.‎ Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.‎ However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest instead.‎ Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.‎ Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said, “I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”‎ ‎“She's a little star，” said Debbie, “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert.”‎ Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.‎ He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.‎ ‎　What's the right order of the events?‎ ‎①Izzy kicked Colm. ②Debbie called 999.‎ ‎③Izzy learned CPR. ④Colm's heart stopped.‎ A．③①②④ B．④②③①‎ C．③④②① D．④③①②‎ 解析　通过速读原文我们可知第一件事是Colm's heart stopped，而最后一件事是Izzy kicked Colm，故答案为B项。‎ 过关检测(限时：35分钟)‎ ‎(2019·浙江高考)Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military (军队的) medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet. But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals' rightful owners, and returns them.‎ His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A．G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.‎ Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrado's sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions：“Who are you? What antique shop？” However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N．Y. “At that point, I knew she meant business，” Zac says. “To drive eight hours to come to see me.”‎ The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWⅡ， was killed in action in Europe.‎ Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn't realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac's mother had found was a family treasure. “This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions (场合) would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands，” Adeline says.‎ As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older，” Adeline says, “and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left.” Corrado Piccoli's Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.‎ Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrado's medal, Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Zac的一个不同寻常的业余爱好：当在古董店或者网上找到旧的军队勋章时，他会设法找到其合法的主人并且归还。‎ ‎1．Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself?‎ A．In the army.‎ B．In an antique shop.‎ C．From his mother.‎ D．From Adeline Rockko.‎ 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“... he earned one himself in a war as a soldier”可知，Zac是在部队服役的时候获得了一枚紫心勋章，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him?‎ A．She was very impolite.‎ B．She was serious about the medal.‎ C．She suspected his honesty.‎ D．She came from a wealthy family.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，Zac意识到Adeline对这枚勋章是十分在意的，要不然她也不会打电话道歉，更不会驱车8小时来见自己，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?‎ A．Her parents' advice.‎ B．Her knowledge of antiques.‎ C．Her childhood dream.‎ D．Her memory of her brother.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。 根据第六段第二句可知，Adeline珍视那枚勋章是因为那是他们留下的唯一关于弟弟的东西，承载着姐姐对弟弟的思念，故D项正确。‎ ‎(2019·人大附中高三模拟)‎ Royal‎ Gardens of ‎Herrenhausen‎, ‎Germany The complex gardens at Herrenhausen Palace in Hannover‎, ‎Germany, are just the beginning. The gardens also have glasshouses with unusual plants, and a 300－year－old path lined with linden trees.‎ Frederiksborg Castle‎, ‎Denmark King Christian Ⅳ built the first Frederiksborg‎ ‎Castle in the 17th century. But when it was burnt down in the 1850s, J．C. Jacobsen rebuilt the building. Now it's home to the Museum of National History, and visitors can walk through the baroque (巴洛克风格的) garden, which was rebuilt to look just like its original outline in 1993.‎ Hampton‎ Court Palace, the ‎United Kingdom The gardens at Hampton Court Palace near London are filled with bright flowers and impressive statues. But the garden has another claim to fame: It's home to the oldest hedge maze (树篱迷宫) in the world.‎ Peterhof Palace‎, ‎Russia Although it was largely destroyed during World War Ⅱ， this grand garden, designed by Peter the Great, was fully restored to its original beauty. Here, a statue of Neptune sits on the step of the Monplaisir‎ ‎Palace.‎ Château de Chantilly‎, ‎France What began as a French formal garden has been transformed over time and history to combine Anglo－Chinese and English Romantic styles; architects who had their hands in the plans included Victor Dubois, who designed the English－style section after the French Revolution. It houses the famous I^led'Amour and its gazebo (观景亭) sheltering a statue of the Greek god Eros.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了五个不同国家的园林。‎ ‎4．What do Frederiksborg Castle and Peterhof‎ ‎Palace have in common?‎ A．They both house rare plants. ‎ B．They both have tree－lined paths.‎ C．They were designed in the same style. ‎ D．They both experienced reconstruction.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二部分中的“King Christian Ⅳ built the first Frederiksborg Castle in the 17th century ... rebuilt the building.”可知，Frederiksborg Castle曾经被烧毁，J. C. Jacobsen重建了它；再根据第四部分中的“Although it was largely destroyed during World War Ⅱ ... was fully restored to its original beauty.”可知，Peterhof Palace在二战中被破坏，后来得以重建，并恢复到最初的面貌。由此可知，这两个地方的共同之处是它们都经历过重建。故选D。‎ ‎5．Where are maze lovers most likely to go?‎ A．Royal‎ ‎Gardens of Herrenhausen. ‎ B．Hampton‎ Court ‎Palace.‎ C．Frederiksborg‎ ‎Castle. ‎ D．Peterhof‎ ‎Palace.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三部分中的“But the garden has another claim to fame: It's home to the oldest hedge maze (树篱迷宫) in the world.”可知，迷宫爱好者最有可能会去英国的Hampton Court Palace。故选B。‎ ‎6．What can people enjoy in Château de Chantilly‎, ‎France?‎ A．A typical French design. ‎ B．A statue of Victor Dubois.‎ C．A garden with diverse styles. ‎ D．A movie about the French Revolution.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“What began as a French formal garden has been transformed over time and history to combine Anglo－Chinese and English Romantic styles”可知，Château de Chantilly原来是一个法式园林，但随后融合了中英混合风格和英国浪漫主义风格，成了一个具有多种风格的园林。故选C。‎ The English proficiency of Chinese women is much better than that of men, according to a study released in Shanghai yesterday. Chinese women scored three points higher than men in the English Proficiency Index (英语水平指数) released by EF Education, a language training company, mainly English. Worldwide, women scored one point higher than men on average.‎ This shows that Chinese women are more used to the Chinese education mode, the report said. Chinese women use their gift of language to gain success. However, Chinese mainlanders' English proficiency ranked second to last in Asia, despite the great time and effort that many people invest in learning the language, the report said. China's mainland is ranked the 36th in the index of 54 countries and regions where English is not the native language. That's down by seven places comparing with that last year.‎ The Chinese mainland belongs to the low－proficiency tier (低水平层次) and is ranked just above Thailand in Asia. This year's index has increased the weight of listening tests. while decreasing the importance of grammar and vocabulary exams, which partly caused the ranking change, researchers said Moreover, test－oriented (以考试为目的) and rote－based (死记硬背) learning methods often used in China hurt the language skills of Chinese students, education experts said.‎ The study compared test scores of more than 1.7 million adults in the 54 countries and regions. Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands have the best command of English, while Libya has the lowest English proficiency level. European countries generally performed well. But Italy, Spain and Portugal, some of the countries at the heart of the euro zone crisis, are being dragged down by poor English, according to the report. Singapore is 12th, the best in Asia, followed by Malaysia and India, South Korea, at 2lst, and Japan, at 22nd, performed disappointingly low despite their focus on education, the report said.‎ One in every four people frequently uses English at work on China's mainland, nevertheless nearly 15 percent said they never use English, lower than the world average level, according to the study.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。最近一项研究表明中国女性的英语水平高于男性，并陈述了原因。‎ ‎7．What is EF Education?‎ A．It is a language test organization.‎ B．It is an English teaching school.‎ C．It is a language training company.‎ D．It is an organization studying human.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“... EF Education, a language training company, mainly English.”可知EF教育是一个主要培训英语的语言培训公司，因此答案为C。‎ ‎8．By what do Chinese women gain success in English learning?‎ A．Cheating. B．Gift.‎ C．Learning by heart. D．Asking for help.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Chinese women use their gift of language to gain success.”可知中国女性运用她们的语言天赋获得成功，故答案为B。‎ ‎9．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?‎ A．Chinese mainlanders' English proficiency ranked second in the index of 54 countries and regions.‎ B．Chinese mainlanders' English proficiency ranked 29th last year.‎ C．The Chinese mainland belongs to the mid－proficiency tier.‎ D．This year's index has increased the weight of grammar and vocabulary exams.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“China's mainland ... comparing with that last year.”可知中国大陆在把英语作为第二语言的54个国家和地区中排名36，与去年同期相比下降了7位，故中国大陆去年的排名是29位，所以选B。‎ As families get ready to head back to school for the fall, parents are on a tight budget to get all the right supplies purchased, paperwork filled out and physicals (体检) scheduled. It can be a tough time of year and many parents struggle to find the time and money to make it happen smoothly. That's where Heartland‎ Community Health ‎Center can help.‎ In order to get kids off to a healthy start to the school year, Heartland, with support from Connect Church, will be focusing on the back－to－school needs of families during the week of Aug. 7－11, and beyond. During the event week, Heartland will offer reduced－cost school physicals by appointment only. Free backpacks filled with various school supplies and free toothpaste to protect teeth, along with other helpful information, will be available on a walk－in basis during event hours.‎ The 2017 Back To School with Heartland event will be held: Monday－Thursday 2：00 pm－5：00 pm and Friday 1：00 pm－3：00 pm, Aug. 7－11. However, reduced ‎ costs for physicals will be available through Sept.30 this year, for those who are unable to schedule an appointment during the event week.‎ Heartland's regular clinic hours are as follows: Monday & Wednesday: 8：00 am－5：00 pm; Tuesday & Thursday: 8：00 am－7：00 pm; Friday: 8：00 am－3：00 pm.‎ Heartland is a Level 3 Patient－centered Medical Home and a Health Center serving Douglas County and surrounding areas with primary care, behavioral health and assistance programs. Services are available to all, regardless of income or insurance status. Heartland is located at ‎346 Maine St., Ste. ‎‎150‎‎ in Lawrence‎, ‎KS, and also offers an office inside the Lawrence－Douglas County Health Department at ‎200 Maine St.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了Heartland Community Health Center为学生返校提供帮助。‎ ‎10．What can people get from Heartland during event hours?‎ A．Pick－up service.‎ B．Free school supplies.‎ C．Reduced－cost technical training.‎ D．Help in the form of money.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，它为学生提供免费的学校必备品。‎ ‎11．When can you visit Heartland's clinic?‎ A．At 5：00 pm on Friday.‎ B．At 7：00 pm on Monday.‎ C．At 9：00 am on Wednesday.‎ D．At 7：00 am on Thursday.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第四段“Heartland's regular clinic hours are as follows: Monday & Wednesday: 8：00 am－5：00 pm; Tuesday & Thursday: 8：00 am－7：00 pm; Friday: 8：00 am－3：00 pm.”可知，周三上午九点去是合适的。故选C。‎ ‎12．What information about Heartland can we get from the text?‎ A．Its development history.‎ B．The number of its members.‎ C．Its founder.‎ D．Its address.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，文章提到了Heartland的地址。‎ 强化特训3　细节理解类(限时：25分钟)‎ ‎[1]‎ Readers in Grenoble can now nibble (啃) fiction after Publisher Short Edition introduced eight short－story dispensers (自动售货机) around the French city.‎ The free stories are available at the touch of a button, printing out on rolls of paper like a receipt. Readers are able to choose one minute, three minutes, or five minutes of fiction.‎ ‎“The feedback we got has been extremely positive. Just two weeks since its launch,_more than 10,000 stories have already been printed. We are thrilled to see it working so well，” said the co－founder Quentin Pleple. “There are only eight dispensers in the city of Grenoble for now but we are planning to introduce more. We are getting requests from all over the world—Australia, the US, Canada, Russia, Greece, Italy, Spain and Chile.”‎ Pleple said he and his team initially came up with the idea a couple of years ago when taking a break at a drink dispenser. “We thought it would be cool to have it for short stories，” said the publisher. “Then, we decided to make a difference: the short－story dispenser was born.”‎ The French publisher hopes the story will be used to fill the “dead time” of a passenger. “In the bus or the subway, everyone can make the most of these moments to read short stories, poems, or short picture books，” said a statement from Short Edition. “And they can be sure to enjoy the quality.”‎ The dispensers are now in locations including Grenoble's town hall, its tourist office and its library. The stories are drawn from more than 60,000 stories on Short Edition's website. But there is a problem that users are not able to choose what type of story they would like to read. “Right now they can only choose the length. But that is exactly what really counts, isn't it？” said Pleple.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。Quentin Pleple和他的团队发明了短篇小说自动售卖机，该发明已经在法国城市Grenoble投入使用。‎ ‎1．Where can you probably see a short－story dispenser at present? ‎ A．In Chile. B．In Canada.‎ C．In France. D．In Italy.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段“Readers in Grenoble can now nibble (啃) fiction ... around the French city.”可知，在法国城市Grenoble，出现了8个短篇小说自动售货机。故C选项正确。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “launch” in the third paragraph probably mean?‎ A．Coming into use. B．Being thrown away.‎ C．Being found out. D．Breaking down.‎ 答案：A　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The feedback we got has been extremely ... been printed.”可知，反馈很好。在这些短篇小说自动售货机投入使用之后两周里，已经有一万多本小说被打印出来。故画线单词意思应为A选项。‎ ‎3．Why did Short Edition provide short－story dispensers?‎ A．To help people kill time in the journey.‎ B．To encourage people to write short stories.‎ C．To attract international tourists to Grenoble.‎ D．To do research in the field of new technology.‎ 答案：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The French publisher hopes the story ... picture books”可知，人们在乘坐地铁、公共汽车的时候来读这些短篇小说，打发无聊的时光。故A选项正确。‎ ‎4．In what aspect does the short－story dispenser need to improve?‎ A．The length of the stories.‎ B．The quality of the stories.‎ C．The number of the stories.‎ D．The choice of different stories.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But there is a problem that users are not able to choose what type of story they would like to read.”可知，使用者无法选择他们想读的小说类型。故D选项正确。‎ ‎[2]‎ Wanted, Someone for FM 90.8 ‎ We're looking for a radio announcer to join us on Anhui Transportation Broadcasting FM 90.8. Broadcasting and hosting major is necessary, along with some experience in radio and music. Please apply in writing to Anhui Radio and TV Station.‎ Father Christmas We're looking for a very special person, preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit. Working days: Every Saturday and Sunday from December 11 to December 20 and every day from December 21 to December 25, 14：30－20：00.‎ Excellent pay.‎ Please contact Yurun Central Square, Changjiang Road.‎ Accountants Assistant When you join the team in our Social Security Administration Office, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Office, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated in a 211 University we would like to talk to you. This ‎ position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.‎ Social Security Administration Office Software Trainer If you are aged 22－48 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make your own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of ￥8,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV to Mrs Huang, Huanghe‎ Computer Training ‎Center.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个招聘广告的相关信息。‎ ‎5．Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?‎ A．Yurun Central Square.‎ B．Mrs Huang, Huanghe‎ Computer Training ‎Center.‎ C．Anhui Radio and TV Station.‎ D．Social Security Administration Office.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一个广告中的“We're looking for a radio announcer to join us on Anhui Transportation Broadcasting FM 90.8.”可知，Anhui Radio and TV Station正在招聘广播员，故C选项切合题意。‎ ‎6．We learn from the ads that Yurun Central Square needs a person who ________.‎ A．is aged between 22 and 48‎ B．needs to do some training work C．should deal with general duties D．can work for about a fortnight 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二个广告中的“Every Saturday and Sunday from December 11 to December 20 and every day from December 21 to December 25, 14：30－20：00.”可知，Yurun Central Square招聘的人工作时间在‎12月11日到‎12月25日之间，共计两个星期，故D选项切题。‎ ‎7．Which position is open to recent school graduates?‎ A．Accountants Assistant.‎ B．Father Christmas.‎ C．Radio announcer.‎ D．Software Trainer.‎ 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三个广告中的“This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.”可知选A。‎ ‎8．What kind of person would probably apply to Huanghe‎ Computer Training ‎Center?‎ A．One graduating from a 211 University.‎ B．One with some office experience.‎ C．One having good computer knowledge.‎ D．One with experience in radio and music.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后一个广告中的“You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing.”可知，申请该工作的人应擅长电脑。故选C。‎ ‎[3]‎ He was there every morning, sitting motionless on the front steps of his house. In the morning light, I could see the shadows that were etched (蚀刻) deep within the lines surrounding his eyes.‎ Each morning I walked this route with my daughter to her kindergarten class. We were new to the neighborhood so that I didn't know many of my neighbors. On one beautiful autumn morning, as we passed his house, my daughter called out to him, “Hi, Mr Man！” Always the outgoing child, I wasn't surprised at her enthusiasm. But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didn't look at her and say “Hi” back.‎ As we continued on our walk to school, my daughter asked why the man didn't want to say “Hi” to her. Because I didn't have an answer, I said simply, “Maybe he is having a bad day.” Later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.‎ A few days later, as we approached Bob's house on our way to school, my daughter called out “Hi, Mr Man！” and as usual, he didn't respond. But then she ran onto his front lawn and picked up a beautiful red autumn leaf. She continued up one step and handed it to him. I held my breath.‎ As she skipped back to me, she said, “See you tomorrow, Mr Man！” This time, he acknowledged her. In a soft gentle voice, he thanked her and said, “See you tomorrow.”‎ From then on, Bob and my daughter exchanged greeting each morning. Our friendship with Bob continued for many years. But, the sweetest day is when Bob attended my daughter's high school graduation. Bob gave my daughter a gift—a book on identifying various plants and trees. There, tucked in the pages that described an oak tree, was the leaf my daughter had given to Mr Man when they first met. He had dried and pressed it and kept it all those years.‎ 篇章导读：‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的女儿是一个活泼外向的女孩，看到了悲伤的Bob，送给他一片红叶，开始了他们之间的友谊。这告诉我们小小善举的伟大力量。‎ ‎9．What puzzled the girl?‎ A．The cause of the man's sadness.‎ B．The shadows in the man's eyes.‎ C．The man's sitting still on the steps.‎ D．The man's not answering her greeting.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“ ... my daughter asked why the man didn't want to say ‘Hi’ to her.”可知，作者的女儿问为什么那个男人不想跟她打招呼。分析此句可知女孩对于那个男人不跟她打招呼很困惑。故选D。‎ ‎10．How did the author feel when his daughter gave the red leaf to the man?‎ A．Proud. B．Nervous.‎ C．Embarrassed. D．Comfortable.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But ... picked up a beautiful red autumn leaf. She continued up one step and handed it to him. I held my breath.”可知，当作者的女儿捡起一片红叶给那个男人时，作者屏住了呼吸；根据前文可知，这个男人在车祸中失去了妻子，女儿多次与之打招呼，他都不予理睬，所以作者当时是紧张的心理。故选B。‎ ‎11．Why did Bob keep that little red leaf?‎ A．It was a care from a girl.‎ B．It was a symbol of enthusiasm.‎ C．It was a reminder of his painful days.‎ D．It represented the knowledge of trees.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据文中所述可知Bob在车祸中失去妻子之后，心情极度低落，而作者的女儿却与他打招呼，并且送给他了一片红叶，这一切都表达了小姑娘对他的关心。故选A。‎ ‎12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．A Simple Red Leaf B．A Strange Neighbor C．An Unusual Friend D．A Greeting from a Girl 答案：A　标题判断题。作者的女儿送给Bob一片红叶打破了Bob沉默不语的僵局，也温暖了Bob的心。所以最好的标题是A。‎