【英语】2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空典题10篇训练之三学案（15页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空典题10篇训练之三学案（15页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇训练之三 ‎【1】‎ Starting a new school term is always exciting. It is a chance __1__ (see) your friends again. But most exciting of all, the new term lets you take up new hobbies. In Britain it is common for students to take up new hobbies after the Christmas holidays. Promising to learn something new is a common New Year's resolution.‎ Most schools offer different kinds __2__ hobby classes. Students __3__ (usual) take them in their free periods or after school. Some classes you have to pay for but some __4__ (be) free. For example, I once took a free Wednesday evening gymnastics class __5__ is offered by my school. But when I learnt how to play the drum, my parents had to pay for the lessons.‎ The most popular extra classes at my school were piano lessons and drama lessons. Both classes offered exams students could take. Students with many hobbies sometimes felt __6__ stressed than those without any. But the students with hobbies left school with many extra __7__ (skill)．‎ I haven't continued any of the hobbies I __8__ (begin) at school. But I have never regretted taking __9__. My __10__ (good) friend today is someone I met in my gymnastics class.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国的兴趣班。英国的学生可以参加兴趣班，其中有收费的，也有免费的。在兴趣班，你可以认识很多朋友。‎ ‎1．to see　分析该句结构可知，It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。‎ ‎2．of　different kinds of为固定搭配，意为“各种不同种类的”。‎ ‎3．usually　副词修饰动词。故用usual的副词形式usually。‎ ‎4．are　根据but前的have可知，应用一般现在时；该句中的some指some classes，故用复数形式are。‎ ‎5．that/which　分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为class，在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。‎ ‎6．more　根据该句中的“than”可以判断，该句使用“比较级＋than”的结构，根据句意可知学生们会感到更大压力，故在其前加more。‎ ‎7．skills　根据空前的many可知，空处应用复数。‎ ‎8．began　根据语境可知，begin这一动作发生在过去，故应用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．them　根据语境可知，空处指代上句的“hobbies”，故填them。‎ ‎10．best　根据语境可知，我最好的朋友是在体操班认识的，故用good的最高级best。‎ ‎【2】‎ A triathlon (三项全能运动) is a sports event which combines three sports, __1__(typical) running, biking, and swimming. During a triathlon, athletes finish all three sports without stopping __2__(beat) the clock.‎ ‎ People of all ages and sizes can compete in triathlons. But much like other sports events, a lot of professional __3__(compete) rule the triathlon world. In addition, many triathlons __4__(hold) to benefit charity, much like marathons.‎ The modern triathlon appeared in California in __5__ 1970s. It usually begins with the swimming, __6__(follow) by cycling, and finally running. A triathlon tests the endurance (忍耐力) and speed of an athlete, as well as his or her ability to keep energy and focus __7__ the race as a whole. A triathlon competes against a clock, rather than against other athletes. A variation of the triathlon is a relay triathlon, __8__ a different athlete completes each stage.‎ The swimming stage takes place in a lake or the open ocean. As soon as athletes come out from the water, they change into cycling at the __9__(fast) speed to save time. After cycling, the athletes change shoes to run. The course is considered complete once the athletes __10__(cross) the finish line.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了三项全能运动是怎样的一项运动。‎ ‎1．typically　三项全能运动是一种包含三项运动的体育比赛，通常是赛跑、骑自行车和游泳。修饰动词应用副词typically“通常”。‎ ‎2．to beat　在三项全能运动中，为提前完成任务，运动员需要毫不停歇地完成所有的三项运动。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎3‎ ‎．competitors　空处位于形容词professional后、谓语动词rule前，故要用名词。再根据句意“但是就像其他体育赛事一样，很多专业的参赛者掌控着三项全能运动领域”及前面的“a lot of”可知，此处要用表示人的名词competitor“参赛者”，且要用其复数形式。‎ ‎4．are held　此处描述的是现在的一般情况，要用一般现在时；此外，主语many triathlons与hold之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎5．the　现代三项全能运动于20世纪70年代出现在加利福尼亚。表示“在……世纪……年代”时要用定冠词the，这是固定用法。‎ ‎6．followed　它通常从游泳开始，接着是骑自行车，最后是赛跑。swimming与follow“跟随”之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎7．on　focus on是固定词组，意为“集中注意力或精力于……”。‎ ‎8．where　三项全能运动的一种变化形式是接力三项全能运动，在这个运动中不同的运动员完成各自的部分。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，先行词是a relay triathlon，故填where。‎ ‎9．fastest　为了节省时间，运动员从水里一出来就以最快的速度改骑自行车。根据空前的“the”和空后的“to save time”可看出，此处要填fast的最高级形式。‎ ‎10．have crossed　根据常识可知，选手要在冲过终点线之后才能算完成比赛。故此处要用现在完成时。‎ ‎【3】‎ Dr. Barone has helped many kids smile who were born with defects (缺陷), including me. She did my first two operations when I was a baby, which were the most important and __1__(effect)．‎ I don't remember the first two operations very well, but I do recall __2__ third. Dr. Barone was kind and eased me into the process. She let ‎ me choose my sleep medicine, __3__(make) sure that I was okay. I recently saw a picture of me before my operation, and I know __4__ a big job she did.‎ Dr.Barone __5__ (operate) on people with all types of birth defects. She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them __6__ free.‎ Many people benefit from her new ways __7__ (invent) to fix birth defects of the head and face. She has won many awards. A few of the most recent __8__(be) Best Doctors in America 2013－2014, America's Top Plastic Surgery, and many others.‎ Dr.Barone was my doctor when I was a kid, and even though I was __9__(probable) just another patient to her, to me she was __10__ (much) than just my doctor. She was and is my hero, and she gave me back my smile.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了Barone医生治病救人的故事。‎ ‎1．effective　根据and前的important可知，空处应用形容词effective。‎ ‎2．the　序数词前一般用定冠词修饰，表示第几的概念。‎ ‎3．making　make和句子谓语动词let之间没有连词，且和句子主语She之间构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎4．what　what引起的感叹句的结构为：what＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数，故填what。‎ ‎5．operates　根据语境可知，此处表示经常做的事情，故用一般现在时，且由句子主语Dr. Barone可知，应填operates，与下文的goes和helps呼应。‎ ‎6．for　for free意为“免费”，为固定搭配，故用介词for。‎ ‎7．invented　invent和句子谓语动词benefit之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且空处和其逻辑主语ways之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎8．are　根据A few可知，此处谓语动词应用复数，且此处表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的复数形式，即are。‎ ‎9．probably　此处应用副词probably在句子中作状语。‎ ‎10．more　由than可知，此处“more than＋n.”意为“不仅仅，不只是”，是固定搭配。故填more。‎ ‎【4】‎ Talking is the most effective and satisfying way of communication with others. There are many forms of communication, __1__ include texting, cell phones, email, and social media. __2__ (use) these alternative forms to communicate with others may be faster, __3__ they lack many qualities that a facetoface conversation __4__ (possess)．‎ Facial expression and body language can __5__ (great) affect a conversation. They can be used to give a person some information about what the other person __6__ (think) and feeling. Facial expression can __7__ (apply) to video chatting, but body language can only be found in a facetoface conversation. Talking in person can have physical __8__‎ ‎ (feature). Giving someone a hug and holding their hand __9__ (comfort) them can only be done in person. When you are talking to someone by texting or messaging them, physical touch does not exist at all, which can limit the connection __10__ the people in the communication.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：随着科技的发展，现代的交流方式多种多样，但是面对面交流和肢体语言交流仍是不可替代的交流方式。‎ ‎1．which　分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为forms of communication，关系词作从句的主语，故用which引导该定语从句。‎ ‎2．Using　分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词短语作主语，故用动名词Using。‎ ‎3．but　使用这些可替代的交流方式可能会更快捷，但是它们缺乏面对面交流所拥有的特点。根据句意可知，两句间为转折关系，故用转折连词but。‎ ‎4．possesses　根据上下文时态可知，空处应用一般现在时；该从句的主语是单数可数名词，故谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎5．greatly　空处修饰动词affect，故用副词形式greatly。‎ ‎6．is thinking　根据该句中的“feeling”和语境可知，面部表情和肢体语言能给人一些他人正在想什么的信息，故用现在进行时。‎ ‎7．be applied　主语Facial expression和动词apply之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。由can可知，应填be applied。‎ ‎8．features　根据下句中的“Giving someone a hug”和“holding their hand”可知，面对面交谈有两个身体特征，故用复数形式。‎ ‎9．to comfort　根据句意可知，空处表示拥抱和握手的目的，故用动词不定式。‎ ‎10．between　这里表示“人们之间的联系”，应用介词between。‎ ‎【5】‎ Dogs are __1__ very popular pet. Most of them just live with their families. But some dogs have very special jobs __2__ (do). A group of dogs __3__ (know) as “Therapy Dogs”. These dogs are family pets with special training, __4__ allows them to go into public buildings and comfort people __5__ need. The dogs are trained to be calm and quiet. Loud noises and unfamiliar places don't frighten them. They enjoy spending time with people.‎ Some therapy dogs go into places, such as hospitals and nursing homes. When the dogs visit the patients, the patients are cheered up. They have fun __6__ (pet) the dogs and look forward to their visits. The dogs help to brighten their day. Therapy dogs can improve people's health as well. Studies show that when people pet animals, their blood __7__ (press) and heart rates go down. They are calmer and __8__ (they) mood improves.‎ Other therapy dogs work in schools and libraries. They serve as warm and caring __9__ (friend) to children, but they also do __10__ (much). In one town in California, therapy dogs have become children's reading buddies. The dogs make a great audience. The children look forward to reading to the dogs, and the dogs love the attention.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有着特殊用途的狗——治疗犬。它们能给病人带来心理上的安慰，能成为孩子的朋友。‎ ‎1．a　依据本句中的“very popular pet”可知，此处应用不定冠词，表示泛指。‎ ‎2．to do　本句中应用不定式作后置定语，have sth. to do表示“要做某事”。‎ ‎3．are known　分析句子结构可知，本句话缺少谓语动词，“a group of ＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，dogs与know之间是动宾关系，此处描述的是一般情况，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．which　这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为“special training”。‎ ‎5．in　由句意可知，这些治疗犬可以到公共场所安抚那些需要帮助的人。in need表示“在困难时，在危难之中”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎6．petting　have fun (in) doing sth. 表示“做某事有乐趣”。‎ ‎7．pressure　分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词，blood pressure表示“血压”。‎ ‎8．their　修饰名词mood要用形容词性物主代词，故填their。‎ ‎9．friends　根据句子的主语They可知，此处用名词复数。‎ ‎10．more　句中的but暗示这些狗对孩子来讲不仅仅是朋友，它们会做得更多。‎ ‎【6】‎ One of the major holiday shopping days is the day after Thanksgiving. It is __1__ (frequent) referred to as Black Friday. The use of the word “black” relates __2__ the business accountants. Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink. So __3__ (be) “in the black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving means a good thing, a return to profits.‎ Black Friday is the big day for many retailers, and it presents the shopper an opportunity __4__(get) all of one's holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices. On that day, most retailers will open very early __5__ usually provide massive and attractive discounts on their products, while a great number of holiday shoppers will get __6__ early start in the morning to begin Christmas shopping.‎ Black Friday also means that people face crowded stores, __7__ is the other idea of a “Black Friday”， a day they do not like. It used to be the __8__(busy) shopping day of a year. Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress __9__(involve) in fighting the crowds. In recent years the Saturday before Christmas __10__ (see) the biggest shopping crowds.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了黑色星期五的由来。‎ ‎1．frequently　句意：它频繁地被称作“黑色星期五”。空处修饰动词短语is referred to，应用副词。‎ ‎2．to　relate to ... “和……有关”，是固定短语。‎ ‎3．being　分析句子结构可知，本处应用动名词短语being “in the black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving作主语。‎ ‎4．to get　它给顾客一个以惊人的价格获得商品的机会。本处应用动词不定式作the opportunity的定语。‎ ‎5．and　多数的商家都会早早地开门迎客，同时为顾客提供很多吸引人的折扣。本处and连接两个并列的谓语。‎ ‎6．an　an early start“一个早的开始”，此处表示泛指，故应用不定冠词；又因early的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。‎ ‎7．which　分析句子结构可知，本处应为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面的“people face crowded stores”这句话，应用关系代词which。‎ ‎8．busiest　它过去常常是一年中最繁忙的购物日。根据前面的the可知，本处应用最高级busiest。‎ ‎9．involved　很多人避免在这一天购物，因为会卷入抵抗人群的压力中。involve与stress之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎10．has seen　根据时间状语In recent years可知，本处应用现在完成时，主语the Saturday before Christmas为单数，故用has seen。‎ ‎【7】‎ Do you ever stop and think about this big, beautiful world we live ‎ in? It's home __1__ so many people and animals. We all live in this amazing place, so we all have the __2__ (responsible) to take care of it, too.‎ A long time ago, I started thinking about what I could do to help take care of the planet. I wondered __3__ I could use my talents for good. I love creating websites and making art and designing clothes. That's what __4__ (inspire) me, at age 8, to start an online company. I donate part of my profits to organizations __5__ (try) their best to save our environment. After I launched my business, I started getting __6__ (invite) to give presentations to young people about my company and the environment. I also talk about something else that __7__ (be) meaningful.‎ One thing I've learned is that a lot of people feel like __8__ small contribution to any cause is just a drop in the bucket and won't make a difference. But that's not true! __9__ (actual) when it comes to saving our environment, every small action counts. The __10__ (tiny) thing is better than the greatest intention.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：保护环境，从我做起；拯救地球，从小做起。作者8岁时创立网络公司，把一部分利润捐给热衷环保的组织。最小的行动胜过最大的打算。你行动起来了吗？‎ ‎1．to　be home to意为“是……的栖息地，是……的家园”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎2．responsibility　我们都住在这个令人惊叹的地方，因此人人也都有责任照顾它。根据空前的“have ‎ the”可知此处应填一个名词，responsibility意为“责任，职责”。‎ ‎3．how　分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句作wondered的宾语，且根据句意可知，此处表示方式，故用how引导该从句，表示“我想知道我如何能把我的才能发挥好”。‎ ‎4．inspired　空处的前一句和后一句都用的是一般现在时，但是根据空后的时间状语“at age 8”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎5．trying　我把收益的一部分捐给尽最大努力保护我们的环境的组织。分析句子结构可知，organizations与try之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处应用现在分词形式作后置定语。‎ ‎6．invited　创业后，我开始受邀给年轻人作关于我的公司和环境的讲座。此处是get done“被……”结构，故用过去分词。‎ ‎7．is　that引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，that指代的是something else，表示单数含义，故从句谓语动词用单数形式。此外，这里表示客观的情况，故应用一般现在时。综上可知本空填is。‎ ‎8．a　很多人觉得对任何事业的小小贡献都是杯水车薪，不会有什么影响。这里表示泛指，且contribution是可数名词，故用a。注意：feel like后面是一个省略了引导词的从句。‎ ‎9．Actually　但那是错误的！事实上，谈到保护环境，每一个小小的行为都很重要。空处作状语修饰整个句子，故要用副词。actually“事实上”。‎ ‎10．tiniest　本空难度较大，很多考生不知道此处应该怎么填，但是根据空前的“The”和句意“最微小的事情也比最伟大的打算好”可知，空处要填最高级跟后面的“the greatest”形成对比。‎ ‎【8】‎ Hospitals haven't always been clean and quiet places. Long ago they ‎ were dirty and crowded. Nurses were never taught __1__ to look after their patients and many people died. It was Florence Nightingale who changed all this.‎ Florence was born in 1820. As a child, she often went with her mother __2__ (visit) the poor people. They took food and medicine to the sick. It was these visits that first gave her the idea of becoming __3__ nurse.‎ Her chance came in 1854 when Britain went to war with Russia. Florence __4__ (ask) by the government to take a group of nurses to look after the sick and the __5__ (wound). The hospitals were dirty, and there wasn't enough medicine. Florence and her team worked very hard, __6__ (clean) the hospital rooms and made the bed every day. At night, she would go from room to room, __7__ (check) on the patients. She often stayed to talk to the patients and provided comfort __8__ them.‎ After the war, Florence opened a school to teach nurses to look after their patients __9__ (proper). However, she never really made a full __10__ (recover) from the illness that she had in the war, and she died in 1910.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文是对护理事业的创始人、现代护理教育的奠基人弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的介绍。‎ ‎1．how　根据语境，此处指以前的护士从未被教过要如何照顾病人，故填how。‎ ‎2．to visit　分析句子结构可知，此处为不定式短语在句中作目的状语。‎ ‎3．a　根据语境可知，此处表泛指，指“成为一名护士”，故应用不定冠词a。‎ ‎4．was asked　此处说的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；又根据空后的“by the government”可知，Florence与ask之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。‎ ‎5．wounded　“the＋adj.”是固定用法，表示一类人，故填wounded。‎ ‎6．cleaned　分析句子结构可知，此处与worked和made并列作句子的谓语，故也应用一般过去时。‎ ‎7．checking　check与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，故应用现在分词短语作伴随状语。‎ ‎8．for　根据语境可知，此处指的应是“她给他们提供慰藉”，provide sth. for sb.＝provide sb. with sth.。‎ ‎9．properly　空处修饰look after，应用副词形式。‎ ‎10．recovery　根据语境及空前的“a full”可知此处应用名词形式。‎ ‎【9】‎ I was born in a town called Blackburn, in the northwest of England, and lived there till I left home __1__ the age of eighteen. My parents had moved to England from India during __2__ 1970s.‎ As a child, I went to my local school and, of course __3__ (speak) English with a local accent. But home was very different: we lived in a kind of “little India”， with a huge extended family of uncles and aunts.‎ ‎ I remember __4__ (feel) part of this big thing called “family”， and an even __5__ (big) thing called “India”. I suppose my family __6__ (real) influenced me while I was growing up. They used to talk about India as “home” — even __7__ at that time I had never been there!‎ To me, it doesn't seem at all strange to grow up as part of two cultures. I am always thinking that growing up with two cultures is a gift, not a __8__ (advantage). Now as a mother, I want my child __9__ (get) in contact (接触) with her Indian roots too, so we are planning to visit there later this year. All her Indian __10__ (cousin) are expecting to meet her!‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”出生在英国西北部的一个小镇，在十八岁时离开那里去求学；“我”的父母早在20世纪70年代从印度迁到英国。“我”认为在两种不同文化中长大是礼物而不是缺点。‎ ‎1．at　at the age of为固定搭配，意为“在……岁时”。‎ ‎2．the　the 1970s为固定用法，意为“20世纪70年代”；表示“某世纪某年代”时应在数字前加the。‎ ‎3．spoke　根据该句中的“As a child, I went”可以判断，该句讲述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故应用speak的过去式spoke。‎ ‎4．feeling　remember doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“记得(曾经)做过某事”；根据语境可知，这里指记得曾经发生的事情，故用feeling。‎ ‎5．bigger　根据上文中的big和该句中的even可以判断，空处应用big的比较级bigger。‎ ‎6．really　根据空后的influenced可以判断，空处修饰动词，故用该词的副词形式really。‎ ‎7．though/if　他们过去常常将印度当作家乡来谈论，即使那时“我”从没有到过那里。even though/if为固定搭配，意为“尽管，即使”。‎ ‎8．disadvantage　根据该句中的“a gift, not ...”可以判断，此处表示在两种不同的文化中长大是一件礼物，而不是缺点。故用advantage的反义词disadvantage。‎ ‎9．to get　want sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要某人做某事”。‎ ‎10．cousins　根据该句中的All和are可知，应用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎【10】‎ China will allow all couples to have two children, __1__(give) up its decadeslong onechild policy, the Communist Party of China(CPC) __2__(announce) after a key meeting on Thursday.‎ The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the challenge of an aging population, according to a communiqué (公报) __3__(issue) after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held from Monday to Thursday.‎ The proposal must be approved by the top legislature (立法机关) __4__ it comes into force.‎ China's family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s __5__(control) the rapid __6__(grow) of the population by limiting most ‎ urban couples __7__ one child, and as to rural couples, they can have two children on condition that their firstborn child was a girl. The policy was later relaxed. Parents __8__ were both only children in their family could have __9__ second child.‎ The onechild policy was __10__(far) loosened in November 2013 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 语篇解读：本文讲述了中国的二孩政策。‎ ‎1．giving　分析句子结构可知，give与句子主语China之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填giving。‎ ‎2．announced　根据时间状语on Thursday可知，本处应用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．issued　分析句子结构可知，issue与communiqué之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词issued作定语。‎ ‎4．before　提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。before“在……之前”。‎ ‎5．to control　中国于20世纪70年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策以控制急剧增长的人口。本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎6．growth　此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。‎ ‎7．to　limit ... to ...“限定……到……”是固定搭配。‎ ‎8‎ ‎．who/that　夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。本处先行词为Parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用who/that。‎ ‎9．a　序数词前用不定冠词，意为“再，又”。‎ ‎10．further　根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知，本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事物的程度，故用further。‎