北京市首都师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题答案

北京市首都师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题答案

北京首师大附中 2020-2021 学年度第一学期开学考试 高二 英语 2020.9 第一部分 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） A The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years. The theatre's____1____(music) director, Michael Umlaut, joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra. For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra,____2____(wave) his arms wildly in the air, and madly turning the pages of his score. The whole time, Umlaut stood quietly ____3____his side, skillfully guiding the orchestra through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known. A 【答案】1. musical 2. waving 3. by 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了音乐指挥 Michael Umlaut 陪着 Beethoven 完成他 12 年后的回归音乐会的故事。 【1 题详解】 考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词 director，musical director“音乐 指挥”，故填 musical。 【2 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语 Beethoven 和 wave 之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填 waving。 【3 题详解】 考查介词。此处考查固定用法 stand by one's side“站在某人身边”，故填 by。 B This was not an easy task. The reason____4____this was difficult was that the team had limited resources. They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they ____5____(work)had poor air quality. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical. It worked well in experiments on animals,____6____they had to know if it was safe for humans. Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. B 【答案】4. why 5. worked 6. but 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了屠呦呦实验困难的原因。然而，经过数百次失败的实 验，他们最终发现了一种很有前途的化学物质。在动物实验中效果很好，但他们必须知 道它对人类是否安全。当他们准备开始测试时，屠呦呦勇敢地自愿成为第一个人体实验 对象。 【4 题详解】 考查关系副词。句意：这之所以困难的原因是团队的资源有限。结合句意表示“……的 原因是……”固定句型为 the reason why…is/was that…。why 引导的定语从句。故填 why。 【5 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他们没有足够的员工，而且他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。 work 在从句中作谓语，且根据上文 They did not have enough staff 可知应用一般过去 时。故填 worked。 【6 题详解】 考查连词。句意：在动物实验中效果很好，但他们必须知道它对人类是否安全。结合上 下文语境可知此处为转折关系，应用连词 but。故填 but。 C Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic” — that means it learns all by itself. But this isn't always true. We need to train ourselves to be better ___7___(learner) — to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on___8___we have learnt. These kinds of learning behaviors___9___ (call) “active learning”. I suggest doing five things ___10___( take) an active role in your learning. C 【答案】7. learners 8. what 9. are called 10. to take 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章说明了人类的大脑并不总是完全靠自己学习，人们需要训练自己成 为更好的学习者——积极地参与学习过程并反思我们所学到的东西。这种学习行为被称为 “主动学习”。 【7 题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极地参与学习过程并反 思我们所学到的东西。learner 为可数名词，此处主语为 We，故应用复数形式。故填 learners。 【8 题详解】 考查连接词。句意同上。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“所学到的东西”应用 what 引导。故填 what。 【9 题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：这种学习行为被称为“主动学习”。本句中主语与谓语动词构成 被动关系且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为 These kinds of learning behaviors，谓语 动词用复数。故填 are called。 【10 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我建议你做五件事来在你的学习中扮演积极的角色。分析句子结 构可知 take 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且本句中作目的状语，故应用不定式。故填 to take。 第二部分 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最 佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Worth the pain in the end I used to hate running. It seemed too hard and pushing outside my comfort zone was not something I was raised to do. In fact, I wouldn’t have become a ___11___ if it weren’t for my husband Charles. He had been a serious competitive runner for many years. After our marriage, he wouldn’t stop talking about how much he missed it. “So start running again, why don’t you?” I was getting ___12___ of hearing about it. So he picked it up again, and after about a year, I started to join him at the track (跑道). Just a few weeks later, Charles signed us both up for a five-kilometer race. I ___13___about doing it. It was too soon. But on ___14___ day, there I was. The gun went ___15___.Thousands of runners pushed forward. The first kilometer was ___16___. “I don’t think I’m going to make it.” I was already breathing heavily and painfully aware of the group of runners pounding past me. “No, you’re doing ___17___”, said Charles. He was trying to encourage me, to get me focused on something other than my ___18___. “I can’t,” I said, barely audibly (听得见地). He tried a different way to ___19___ me. “Just make it to that house and let’s see how you feel.” After another minute I saw the three-kilometer ____20____. All I could think of was that I was dying and that my husband was torturing (折磨) me. Miserable doesn’t even begin to describe ____21____ I felt. And there was so much pain. “You’ll be fine. You’ve got less than a kilometer to go.” I rounded a corner and saw both sides of the street thick with people watching the race, all cheering the runners on. I willed my legs to keep going. Then I looked up and saw the clock. The seconds ticking away (一分一秒地过去) gave me an incentive (助力). I knew that if I finished this race, I would have achieved something. So, I straightened up, and kicked it. I had my arms held higher when I passed ____22____the finish line. A volunteer put a ____23____ around my neck. “You did great! I’m so proud of you!” Charles was thrilled that I’d ____24____ it. “That was AMAZING! I want to do another race. This running stuff is amazing!” I proudly hugged my medal as we started to walk to the post-race festivities. My lungs and my comfort zone both ____25____. 11. A. runner B. traveler C. racer D. cheerleader 12. A. afraid B. tired C. aware D. confident 13. A. thought B. dreamed C. hesitated D. cared 14. A. race B. sport C. show D. task 15. A. on B. off C. up D. down 16. A. long B. short C. easy D. tough 17. A. wrong B. right C. great D. bad 18. A. disability B. dishonor C. disgrace D. discomfort 19. A. advise B. persuade C. urge D. force 20. A. signal B. symbol C. point D. mark 21. A. how B. what C. when D. why 22. A. by B. over C. across D. through 23. A. ring B. necklace C. medal D. scarf 24. A. done B. made C. taken D. caught 25. A. developed B. expanded C. changed D. progressed 【答案】11. A 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. D 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. B 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。记叙了一开始讨厌跑步的作者，与丈夫一起参加了一起五公里跑步比赛， 在途中因为各种不适想要放弃。最终在丈夫的鼓励下成功跑过终点，并获得了奖牌的故事。 【11 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：实际上，如果不是我的丈夫查尔斯，我不会成为一名跑步者。 A. runner 跑步者；B. traveler 旅行者；C. racer 比赛者；D. cheerleader 拉拉队长。根据后文 I started to join him at the track (跑道).可知作者加入了丈夫跑步的行列，成为了一名跑步 者。故选 A 项。 【12 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我厌倦了听到这个。A. afraid 害怕的；B. tired 疲惫的；厌烦 的；C. aware 意识到的；D. confident 自信的。根据前文 After our marriage, he wouldn’t stop talking about how much he missed it. “So start running again, why don’t you?”可知结婚之 后，作者的丈夫一直在说他多想念跑步，作者对他说“所以现在重新开始跑步，为什么不这 样呢”？从作者的反应来看，她应该是厌烦了丈夫不停地说，故选 B 项。 【13 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对做这件事犹豫不决。A. thought 想；思考；B. dreamed 梦 想；C. hesitated 犹豫；D. cared 照顾。根据后文 It was too soon.可知作者认为自己参加比 赛为时过早，所以这里她是犹豫的，故选 C 项。 【14 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在比赛日，我去了（比赛）。A. race 比赛；B. sport 运动； C. show 表演；演出；D. task 任务。根据前文 Charles signed us both up for a five-kilometer race 可知作者的丈夫给她报名了一个比赛，所以这里是 race day(比赛日)，故选 A 项。 【15 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：枪声一响，成千的跑步者向前冲去。A. on 在……上；B. off 离 开；脱落；C. up 向上；D. down 向下。根据 Thousands of runners pushed forward.可知成 千上万的跑步者向前冲去，应该是（发令）枪响了。go off 为固定搭配，意为“发声，爆炸”， 符合语境，故选 B。 【16 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最开始的一公里是艰难的。A. long 长的；B. short 短的；C. easy 容易的；D. tough 艰难的。根据后文“I don’t think I’m going to make it.” I was already breathing heavily and painfully aware of the group of runners…可知作者认为自己办不到， 并且呼吸急促，痛苦地意识到自己已经被跑步人群所超过。所以这一公里对作者来说是艰 难的，故选 D 项。 【17 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“不，你做的很好，”查尔斯说。 A. wrong 错误的；B. right 正确的；C. great 极好的；伟大的；D. bad 坏的。根据后文 He was trying to encourage me 可知作者的丈夫在鼓励她，所以这里应该是对她说她做的很好，故选 C 项。 【18 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他试图鼓励我，让我专注于其他事情而不是我的不适。A. disability 残疾；B. dishonor 丢脸；C. disgrace 耻辱；D. discomfort 不舒服。根据前文可知作者呼吸 急促，感觉不舒服，所以这里作者的丈夫让她不要专注于她的不适。故选 D 项。 【19 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他换了一种方式劝说我。A. advise 建议；B. persuade 说服；劝 说；C. urge 催促；D. force 强迫。根据后文“Just make it to that house and let’s see how you feel.”可知作者的丈夫对作者说作者坚持到房子那儿再看看感觉得如何，结合语境可知他的 目的是劝说作者坚持下去，故选 B 项。 【20 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：又过了一分钟我看见了三公里的标志。A. signal 信号；B. symbol 象征；C. point 要点；得分；D. mark 标志。标记根据前文 Charles signed us both up for a five-kilometer race.可知作者参加了一个五公里的比赛，根据常识，这种比赛都会有标志提 醒参赛者跑了几公里，故选 D 项。 【21 题详解】 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：痛苦甚至无法描述我的感受是怎么样。A. how 怎么样；B. what 什么；C. when 什么时候；D. why 为什么。根据语境，这里要表达的是我感觉怎么样，故 选 A 项。 【22 题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意: 通过终点线时，我把双臂举得更高了。A. by 被；依据；在…… 之前；B. over 越过；在…之上；遍于…之上； C. across 越过，横过；D. through 穿过； 通过。根据语境这里作者到达了终点线，pass through 搭配意为“穿过，通过”，符合语境， 故选 D 项。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位志愿者在我的脖子上挂了一个奖牌。A. ring 戒指；B. necklace 项链；C. medal 奖牌；D. scarf 围巾。根据后文 I proudly hugged my medal as we started to walk to the post-race festivities.可知这里志愿者给作者的是奖牌。故选 C 项。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我成功了，查尔斯很激动。A. done 做；B. made 使得；C. taken 拿；D. caught 捕捉。根据语境，查尔斯是因为作者成功了而激动。make it 为固定搭配，意 为“成功做某事”符合语境。故选 B 项。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的肺和我的舒适区都扩大了。A. developed 发展；B. expanded 扩大；C. changed 改变；D. progressed 进行。根据前文 I used to hate running. It seemed too hard and pushing outside my comfort zone was not something I was raised to do.可知作者讨 厌跑步，认为跑步是把自己推出舒适区之外。结合语境，这里作者完成了跑步比赛，走出 了舒适区，因此她的舒适区也扩大了，故选 B 项。 第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 11 小题；每小题 2 分，共 22 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Envelope Budget From McDonald’s to Sonic, fast food had a bad effect on my waistline and my budget. It was nothing to run to a drive-through to pick up a cold drink or a quick biteto eat. It was so easy to usemy cardfor a small purchase. For me, I got a lot of satisfaction from fast food. One day I sat down andcalculated that I was spending a surprising $40 a week on fast food. This was a lot of iced coffee and hamburgers!Instead of reducing my guilty pleasures, I decided to give myself a strong budget toreducemy consumption. Every Monday I placed an envelope with $20 in my purse. That was my fastfood budget for the entire week. If there wasanything left over at the end of the week, it was mine to save or spend. If I spent all of the money during the week, there were no more fast foodstops that week. The budget made me more mindful of my purchases. Instead of purchasing a large drink from Sonic, I would purchase a small. It was still satisfying but not nearly as pricey. Instead of eating a whole meal, I would pickthe partthat I actually wanted. Many days, the thought of hanging onto the money for a special purpose meant more to me than the instant satisfaction of fast food. I never really felt unhappy becauseit was a conscious choice to spend or save with each purchase. Envelope budget kept me honest. I had a clear idea how much money was spent each week on fast food purchases. I started to bring my lunches more often to save more money for the week. It was a fun challenge to see how much I could save every week. Changing the way I spent on fast food not only helped my budget, but improved my weight. In the first month I was able to get rid of5 pounds by simply changing the way I approached spending on fast food. Now I am more likely to bring my lunch than to buy it. I am not upset, but empowered to make positive choices to improve my life. 26. According to Paragraph 1, the author ______. A. had no time to cook for hersel B. was fond of fast food very much C. lived with a small amount of money D.got some benefits fromusing hercard 27. We can infer from the last paragraph that ______. A. envelope budgetis good forhealth B. the budget means a pressure on life C.itis unusual to make some changes D.it is hardto enjoy a healthy lifestyle 28. What is the passage mainly about? A.Whythe author became addicted to fast food. B. Whythe author tookenvelope budget seriously. C. Howfast food controlled the author’s behavior. D.How envelope budget changed the author’s life. 26.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段 It was so easy to use my card for a small purchase. For me, I got a lot of satisfaction from fast food. 可以看出作者从快餐上获得了很多满足感， 喜欢快餐食品，故选 B。 27.A 推理判断题。 从文章最后一段 not only helped my budget, but improved my weight. 和 I was able to get rid of 5 pounds by simply changing the way I approached spending on fast food.可以推断出进行信封预算后作者的体重得到控制，有益于身体健康，故选 A。 28.D 主旨大意题。 根据全文特别文章最后一段 I am not upset, but empowered to make positive choices to improve my life.可以看出文章的中心是围绕信封预算合理消费，提高生活 质量展开的，故选 D。 B Benefits of Cross-Country Skiing Cross-country skiing can be enjoyed by a wide range of students, from the youngest kindergartners to those secondary students. It is really a fun activity, providing students a gentle workout outside in winter. While having fun, students can gain physical and mental benefits . The physical benefits of cross-country skiing are well known. If we look at Olympic cross- country skiers, we can see the positive effects on the body that result from training for cross-country skiing. The average best female cross-country skier carries 11 percent body fat, and best male skiers carry 5 percent. These percentages are well below the average for people who are considered to be athletic-17 percent for females and 10 percent for males. The high number of calories burned while skiing helps to keep skiers slim in a healthy and attractive way. Cross-country skiing is also an efficient way to exercise a large number of muscles at once. Because skiers use ski poles as a means of propulsion, the force that drives skiers forward, the upper body gets much more of workout. Of course, the leg muscles also do their fair share. People who use cross-country skiing as a workout over several weeks will discover that the muscles of their entire body increase in strength. Cross-country skiing on a regular basis has a tremendous effect on a person’s cardiovascular system. In addition to gaining strength in the muscles of the upper and lower body, people who use cross-country skiing as a workout method over several weeks will also discover that their heart is stronger. A strong heart pumps more efficiently, sending out more blood to the muscles with each contraction(收缩). Through weeks of skiing, people often discover that their resting heart rate has decreased. Highly trained Olympic cross-country skiers have resting heart rates between 28 and 40 beats per minute. Compare that to the resting heart rate of the average person, which is 60 to 80 beats per minute! The benefits of cross-country skiing extend beyond overall general health. A lot of evidence exists indicating that regular physical activity increases the release of mood-lifting endorphins (内 啡肽) in the body. After one of the energetic and fun skiing lessons, students will be smiling and laughing; they will be relaxed and in a better mood than when they started class. Students will leave class with a sense of accomplishment, knowing that they have developed new skills in a fun activity. Cross-country skiing is a great way to work the total body. Now more and more students are taking part in this exercise outside during the winter months. They are enjoying it and benefiting from it! 29. The underlined word “workout” means_______. A. manner B. exercise C. application D. opportunity 30. According to the passage, we can learn that cross-country skiing ______. A. requires the use of most muscle groups B. offers students a unique way to keep fit C. can increase the athletes’ resting heart rates D. can balance out the skiers’ increased calories 31. How does the author prove the benefits of skiing in the fifth paragraph? A. By making comments. B. By giving examples. C. By making comparisons. D. By giving explanations. 32．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage? A B C D CP: Central point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion 29. D 词义猜测题。根据 It is really a fun activity, providing students a gentle workout outside in winter. While having fun, students can gain physical and mental benefits .可知越 野滑雪运动是一项适应不同年龄学生的冬季运动，可以让他们身心收益，可知 workout 此 处译为“运动锻炼”，故答案为 D。 30. B 推理判断题。 根据 People who use cross-country skiing as a workout over several weeks will discover that the muscles of their entire body increase in strength. 可知越野滑雪 也是锻炼肌肉的一个有效方法，使用越野滑雪作为锻炼方式的人几个星期之后就会发现他 们的整个身体肌肉增加强度，故答案为 B 31. A 写作手法题。 根据全文可知，本文介绍了越野滑雪的好处，分别从越野花谢对减肥， 肌肉锻炼，心血管系统及情绪方面进行结束，告诉我们该项运动对运动员是身心都有好处， 故答案选择 A 32. C 篇章结构题。 文章第一段首先介绍了越野滑雪这项运动，这是 Central point; 然后 从对身体和心理两个大的方面进行解释了该项运动的好处，对身体的好处是在二、三、四 段进行阐述的；对心理的好处是在第五段阐述；最后一段是得出结论，及该项运动对身心 均有好处，故答案为 C C Nothing is more tiresome than being stuck in a boring class. Every second takes ages to tick by. A recent survey of American kids revealed that 91 percent experience boredom. In fact, adolescence is considered a peak period for the problem. One study showed that roughly one in three teenagers was bored at school. Peter Stromberg, professor at the University of Tulsa says, “Our brains adapt really quickly to certain levels of stimulation(刺激). We get used to the media providing levels of highly emotional stimulation, and when we’re not getting them we feel bored. As our society develops various ways of keeping us entertained, we may discover that rather than getting rid of boredom, we’re multiplying it.” Luckily, new research is implying a way that we can battle the trend. Professor John D. Eastwood of the University of York developed a new theory of boredom, which links it to the brain’s attention system—the part of the brain that we use to focus. Anything the attention system in your brain locks onto will be automatically sucked up into your conscious awareness—it might be a bird outside the window, the pleasant smell of lunch, or even someone sleeping in the back of the class. The problem is that your attention system doesn’t like being told what to do. It wants to focus on stuff that you find fun and interesting. For the parts of school that you enjoy, this isn’t a problem. But for those classes that don’t interest you, or present too much or too little challenge, the story is very different. In those situations, you’re going to have to spend a lot of effort constantly redirecting your attention system to focus on things it would rather ignore. And the effort is going to wear you out. Eastwood describes it as “wanting, but being unable, to be involved in a satisfying activity.” It’s like a block in the system. And it’s the awareness of that block combined with a sense that the environment is to blame that leads to feelings of boredom. When we’re bored we blame the world around us, but Eastwood’s theory challenges this assumption: Boredom doesn’t exist out there; it exists inside your brain. What that means is—hard as it may be to hear—boring lessons aren’t only the fault of your teacher or the subject, they’re your fault too. 33. According to Peter Stromberg, ________. A. teenagers are victims of boredom B. our brains demand much stimulation C. we’ve grown dependent on media for fun D. the way we have fun makes us become bored 34. According to Paragraph 4, the attention system ________. A. doesn’t like challenges B. enjoys interesting things C. does what you want it to do D. can make our efforts fruitless 35. What might the author suggest about a boring class? A. Focusing more attention on it. B. Changing the way we look at it. C. Employing various teaching methods. D. Challenging the disturbing environment. 36. What might be the best title for the passage? A. Escape Your Boredom B. Battle Your Attention C. Fun or Boredom? D. Who Is to Blame? 33.D 细节理解题。 根据句子第二段 As our society develops various ways of keeping us entertained, we may discover that rather than getting rid of boredom, we’re multiplying it. 当我们的社会发展出各种让我们娱乐的方式时，我们可能会发现，我们没有摆脱无聊，而 是在增加它。可知，Peter 认为我们娱乐的方式让我们感到更无聊，故答案为 D 34.B 细 节 理 解 题 ， 根 据 句 子 第 四 段 It wants to focus on stuff that you find fun and interesting 它想把注意力集中在你觉得有趣和有趣的东西上。可知，注意系统会喜欢那些有 趣的事物，故答案为 B 35.B 推理判断题。 根据句子第五段 boring lessons aren’t only the fault of your teacher or the subject, they’re your fault too. 无聊的课程不仅是老师的错，也是你的错；可知，作者 认为无聊的课不仅仅是老师和科目的原因，也是你自己的过错，从而可以推断作者建议我 们改变自己的看法，故答案为 B 36.A 标题归纳题。 短文主要讲了我们日常生活中的无聊是如何构成的，并通过对注意系 统的分析，最后作者对于如何赶走这种无聊给出建议，因此最好的题目是 A 选项。 第二节：阅读表达（共 4 小题；每小题 2 分，共 8 分） 阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在答题卡和相应题 号后的横线上写下相关信息。完成对该问题的回答，答语要意思清楚，结构正确， 书写工整。 If you live in Shanghai, you might have taken a “lesson” in sorting (分类) garbage, as the city introduced new garbage-sorting regulations on July 1, 2019. As China’s first city to carry out strict regulations(规则) on garbage sorting and recycling, Shanghai requires its residents to sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. If people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan. Since the regulation took effect, the amount of total daily waste in Shanghai has been reduced by an average of 15,500 tons, dropping 26 percent from the end of 2018, while the average daily weight of recyclables hits 4,500 tons, five times higher than the end of 2018, according to the Shanghai Landscaping and City Appearance Administrative Bureau. The city also rebuilt 21,000 waste-sorting stations and more than 40,000 waste bins have been updated. The city’s waste collection and transportation system is complete, according to the bureau. “Proper waste sorting is to protect the environment and save natural resources,” said Deng Jianping, director of the bureau. “Led by the central government, Shanghai is making efforts to develop long-term solutions to garbage management.” However, there have also been some problems. Some people complained that it is difficult to deal with wet garbage, as they are asked to remove wet garbage from its bag when dumping (倾倒). According to the sorting rules, the wet garbage must go in the wet waste bin and the bag must go in the dry waste bin. This separation is necessary, as it ensures that the wet garbage will decompose (分解) properly and become useful organic (有机的) waste, the bureau said. Plastic bags can affect this process. Some people in Shanghai are instead using paper bags that can biodegrade（生物降解）or plastic containers that can be washed and reused, according to Xinhua. 37. When did the new garbage-sorting regulations come into effect in Shanghai?（不 多于 4 个单词） 38. According to the passage, people in Shanghai are asked to sort their garbage into four categories, and what are they?（不多于 8 个单词） 39.Why should we sort garbage? （不多于 11 个单词） 40. How do people deal with wet garbage when dumping? （不多于 7 个单词） 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海的垃圾分类的规则及垃圾分类的原因及取得的 成绩。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If you live in Shanghai, you might have taken a “lesson” in sorting ( 分 类 ) garbage, as the city introduced new garbage-sorting regulations on July 1, 2019.( 如果你住在上海，你可能在垃圾分类方面上了一堂“课”，因为上海于 2019 年 7 月 1 日出台了新的垃圾分类条例。)”可知，新的垃圾分类条例与 2019 年 7 月 1 在 上海生效的。故答 On July 1, 2019. 【38 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As China’s first city to carry out strict regulations(规则) on garbage sorting and recycling, Shanghai requires its residents to sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste.( 作为中国第一个对垃 圾分类回收实施严格规定的城市，上海要求居民将垃圾分为可回收、有害、干、湿四类。)” 可知，垃圾被要求分为可回收、有害、干、湿四类。故答 They are harmful, recyclable, dry and wet waste./Harmful, recyclable, dry and wet waste. 【39 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段““Proper waste sorting is to protect the environment and save natural resources,” said Deng Jianping, director of the bureau. (该局局长邓建平 说：“正确的垃圾分类是为了保护环境和节约自然资源。”)”可知，垃圾分类是为了保护 环 境 和 节 约 自 然 资 源 。 故 答 To protect the environment and save natural resources./Because we/ sorting garbage can protect the environment and save natural resources. 【40 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Some people complained that it is difficult to deal with wet garbage, as they are asked to remove wet garbage from its bag when dumping (倾 倒).( 有些人抱怨说处理湿垃圾很困难，因为他们被要求在倾倒时把湿垃圾从袋子里拿 出来。)”可知，人们在倾倒湿垃圾时，要把湿垃圾从袋子里拿出来。故答 Remove wet garbage from its bag./People remove wet garbage from its bag. 第四部分 应用文（满分 25 分） 41.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你得知故宫正在招聘暑期义务英文讲解员, 请你给相 关 部门负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 介绍你的基本信息； 2. 说明你的优势（例如：相关能力，性格特点等）； 3. 表示你希望被录用。 注意：1.词数不少于50； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 一、评分原则： 1．本题总分 15 分，按 4 个档次给分。 2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以档次的要求来衡量， 确定或降低档次，最后给分。 3．评分时应考虑：内容是否完整，条理是否清楚，交际是否得体，语言是否准确。 4．拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及 词汇用法均可以接受。 5．词数少于 50，从总分中减去 1 分。 二、各档次的给分范围和要求： 分值 评分标准说明 第一档 (13 分--15 分) 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 内容完整，条理清楚； 交际得体，表达时充分考虑到了交际的需求；体现出较强的语言运用 能力。 完全达到了预期的写作目的。 第二档 （9 分--12 分） 基本完成了试题规定的任务。 内容、条理和交际等方面基本符合要求； 所用语法和词汇满足了任务的要求； 语法和用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。 基本达到了预期的写作目的。 第三档 （4 分--8 分） 未恰当完成试题规定的任务。 内容不完整； 所用词汇有限，语法或用词方面的错误影响了对所写内容的理解。 未能清楚地传达信息。 第四档 （1 分--3 分） 未完成试题规定的任务。 写了少量相关信息； 语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对所写内容的理解。 0 未能传达任何信息；写的内容与要求无关。 One possible version: Dear Sir or Madam, I have learned that English volunteer guides for the Forbidden City are wanted in the summer vacation. I am writing to apply for this position. I’m a Senior 3 student in Hongxing Middle School, and I believe I am qualified for the position. These years, I have been on several exchange programs in America, so I am confident with my communication skills in English. What’s more, as a fan of Chinese ancient history, I am sure my knowledge will prove helpful when I introduce the Forbidden City to foreign guests. I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, Li Hua