【英语】2019届二轮复习语法复习专题二冠词（11页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法复习专题二冠词（11页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法复习专题二冠词 冠词是位于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词已经成为每年高考的必考点。冠词的基本用法是高考对冠词考查的重点，冠词的习惯用法及活用为高考对冠词考查的难点。近年来高考对冠词的考查更强调其在具体语言环境中的使用。‎ 做题时，首先搞清名词是单数还是复数，是表示特指还是泛指，注意复数名词、不可数名词表泛指不用任何冠词，单数名词前别忘了加冠词。‎ 冠词 不定冠词a/an的用法 ‎1．用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一种类。‎ ‎2．表示同类事物中的任何一个。‎ ‎3．修饰单位名词，表示“每一”。‎ ‎4．用于专有名词前，表示“……式的人，一个叫……的人，……的作品”。‎ ‎5．常用在“of＋a(n)＋n.”结构中，表示“同一”，相当于“of the same＋n.”。‎ ‎6．用在某些由动词转化来的名词前，表示一次活动。‎ 需要特别注意的是，当冠词后的单词的发音以辅音音素开头时用a；当冠词后的单词的发音以元音音素开头时用an。如：‎ A horse is a large four－legged animal.‎ 马是大的四足动物。‎ They are of an age.‎ 他们年龄相同。‎ Let’s go for a swim.‎ 我们去游个泳吧。‎ ‎7．不定冠词在固定结构中的应用也是常考点，应注意积累。如：a large/small amount of 大/少量的；a waste of 浪费……；all of a sudden突然地；as a rule通常；as a result结果；as a whole总体上；as a matter of fact 事实上；at/from a distance 从远处，离一段距离；at a loss ‎ 不知所措；at an early age幼年；come to an end结束；give sb.a lift/ride让某人搭便车；have a gift for在……方面有天赋；have a good time玩得痛快；have a word with与……谈话；catch a cold患感冒；have a rest休息一下；have a walk散步；have a try试一试；in a way在某种程度上，不完全地；in a word总之；in a hurry匆忙地；make an effort做出努力；make a fire生火；make a fool of愚弄……；make a fortune发财；make a living谋生；once in a while偶尔；put an end to使……终止；take an interest in对……感兴趣等。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句改错 ‎1．Who？Jack？He is talking with an European student at the sports center now.‎ ‎2．I’m sure we’ll have a pleasant time and a unforgettable experience as well.‎ 答案：1.an→a　2.第二个a→an ‎[特别提醒]‎ 做此类题时要看可数名词或可数名词修饰词的发音而不是首字母。发音以元音音素开头的可数名词或可数名词修饰词前要用不定冠词an，，如：an NBA player，an X－ray examination，an 11－year－old girl；发音以辅音音素开头的可数名词或可数名词修饰词前则用a。要特别注意useful，universal，uniform，united，once，one，hour，honest，honor等词的读音。‎ 定冠词the的用法 ‎1．用在单数可数名词前，表示类指。‎ ‎2．用在名词前，特指双方都明白的人或物。‎ ‎3．指上文提到过的人或事或者指世上独一无二的事物。‎ ‎4．用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妻俩。‎ ‎5．在“动词＋人＋介词＋定冠词＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中，表示身体部位的名词前用定冠词，不用物主代词。如：take/seize/catch sb.by the arm抓住某人的胳膊；hit sb.in the face打某人的脸；pull sb.by the hair拽某人的头发；pat sb.on the shoulder拍某人的肩膀等。‎ ‎6．用于表示年代、朝代、世纪的名词前。‎ ‎7．用在序数词和形容词最高级前面；形容词only，very，same等修饰名词时前面用定冠词the。‎ ‎8．定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。‎ 如：She never looks down upon the disabled.‎ 她从来没有看不起残疾人士。‎ ‎9．定冠词the在固定结构中的应用也是常考点，应注意积累。如：all over the country遍及全国；at the age of在……岁时；at the back of在……后面；at the same time同时；at the top of在……的顶部；at the moment此刻，那时；by the way顺便说一下；for the time being暂时；in the distance在远处；in the way妨碍，挡着……的路；in the habit of习惯……；make the most/best of充分利用；not in the least一点也不；on the spot当场；on the one hand一方面；on the other hand另一方面；on the contrary与此相反；on the whole总的说来，大体上；on the edge of在……边上；on the farm在农场上；take the place of代替，替换；the other day前几天等。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 冠词填空 ‎3．—Hurry up！________ Smiths are arriving here.‎ ‎—I’ll arrange for ________ Jack to welcome them at once.‎ ‎4．As is known to all，________ People’s Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.‎ ‎5．No one knows exactly when ________ wheel is invented.‎ 答案：3.The；a　4.the；the　5.the 零冠词的用法 基本用法：‎ ‎1．不可数名词、可数名词复数表泛指，前无冠词。‎ ‎2．在表示星期、月份、季节、节日、三餐、球类、学科、棋类游戏、称呼语、头衔、职务等的名词前不加冠词。‎ ‎3．英语中有些名词，如：man意为“人类”，word意为“消息”，nature意为“自然”等时，其前不用冠词。‎ ‎4．as/though引导让步状语从句，单数名词提前时，其前不加冠词。‎ 如：Child as he is，he knows a lot about Chinese history.‎ 他虽然是个孩子，但他对中国历史了解很多。‎ ‎5．某些固定短语中不用冠词，如：on second thoughts转念一想；rank first排第一；come to light为人所知；come into power当权；out of order有毛病，出故障；out of control失去控制；in debt负债；under repair在修理中；hand in hand手拉手；by weight按重量计算；at war交战等。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句改错 ‎6．When I was out for a walk，my younger son，Tom，was playing the football before your house.‎ ‎7．Sorry，I haven’t been in the touch with you for a while.‎ ‎8．Everyone should take the action to reduce haze(霾)，which is harmful to our health.‎ ‎9．In an addition，transportation develops faster，and more scenic spots are available now.‎ 答案：6.去掉the　7.去掉the　8.去掉the　9.去掉an ‎1．不定冠词用于单数可数名词前，表示种类或属性，表示“一”这一数量意思，还可以表示“某一个”，这三种情况都属于泛指的范畴。‎ ‎2．定冠词表示某个特定的人或事物，包括上文已提及的人或事物、谈话双方都知道的人或事物，某个时间或空间范围内独一无二的人或事物。零冠词一般用于不可数名词或复数可数名词前，这是冠词的基础知识点。‎ 高考对冠词基础知识点的考查属于常规考法，其他各种变式命题都是以此作为核心依据，将冠词所在的句型进行各种各样的变化，来考查考生的分析判断能力和解决实际问题的能力。无论采用哪种形式，都离不开冠词的基础知识点。因此，这也是考生在复习冠词这一语法项目时需要注意的关键所在。‎ 考生除了掌握冠词的基本用法外，还应多注意固定短语中冠词的选择以及一些不使用冠词的情况等。‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend has some unintended side ________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease.‎ 解析：effects　effect为可数名词，由句中的some可知，此处应填复数形式effects。unintended side effects“意想不到的负面影响”。‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turn left！”‎ 解析：word→words　word(话语)为可数名词，由下文可知，此处应改为复数形式。‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The underground railway in London ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads above.‎ 解析：crowds　crowd前面没有冠词，且是可数名词，故填crowds。‎ ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electric－powered engines and lifts.‎ 解析：introduction　空格前是the，后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。‎ ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides，they often get some useful informations from the Internet.‎ 解析：informations→information　不可数名词information无复数形式。‎ ‎6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.‎ 解析：invitations　several后接可数名词的复数形式。‎ ‎7．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteenth birthday，I took driving lessons.I still remember how hard first day was.‎ 解析：first前加the/my　序数词前应加定冠词the或者形容词性物主代词。‎ ‎8．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The construction of the underground railway included digging up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.‎ 解析：the　top是名词，前要用冠词，故填the。‎ ‎9．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.‎ 解析：a→an/one　hour音标的首字母为元音音素。‎ ‎10．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Unlike school friends,16－year－old Sarah is not spending half－term resting.Instead，she is earning￡‎6,500 a day as ________ model in New York.‎ 解析：a　单数可数名词前加不定冠词，此处表示“一名”。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2018·河南豫南九校质量考评)Deep worry began to destroy my ________ (confident)．‎ 解析：confidence　句意：极度忧虑开始毁掉我的自信。设空处在本句中作宾语，且设空处前有形容词性物主代词，故可判断设空处应填名词，confidence为不可数名词，故答案为confidence。‎ ‎2．(2018·石家庄二中联考)I would appreciate it if you could take me into ________ (consider)．Looking forward to receiving your reply.‎ 解析：consideration　句意：如果你能考虑我，我将不胜感激。盼望收到你的回复。介词into后需加名词形式。此外take...into consideration(考虑到……)为固定短语。‎ ‎3．(2018·江西联考)I had just purchased a new backpack.I filled ________ backpack with snacks，drinks，a new pair of trousers and some new socks.‎ 解析：the　句意：我刚买了一个新背包。我把小吃、饮料、一条新裤子和一些新袜子放进了那个背包中。设空处后的backpack在本句中表示特指，故填the。‎ ‎4．(2018·山西适应性考试)All too soon it was time to leave.I really enjoyed my stay in Xi’an.It is indeed worth ________ second visit.‎ 解析：a　句意：时间过得太快了，到时间该离开了。我真的喜欢待在西安。它的确是值得再次参观的。“a＋序数词＋名词”表示：又一，再一。‎ ‎5．(2018·东北三省四市联考)He said he painted for a pleasure.‎ 解析：去掉a　句意：他说他画画是为了消遣。此处的pleasure为不可数名词，故将不定冠词a去掉。‎ ‎6．(2018·河南豫南九校质量考评)The blog serves as open platform where you can do lots of things.‎ 解析：open前加an　句意：该博客为公共平台，在那里你可以做很多事情。platform为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，故在open前加不定冠词。open以元音音素开头，故在open前加an。‎ ‎7．(2018·荆门调研)Miss Ding was a very kind women teacher.‎ 解析：women→woman　句意：丁小姐是一位非常热心的女教师。a woman teacher一位女教师。‎ ‎8．(2018·山西晋商四校联考)Li Lin is a senior three students who devotes himself to his study every day.‎ 解析：students→student　句意：李林是个高三的学生，每天他都全身心投入学习。根据本句主语(单数第三人称)可知需将students改为单数形式student。‎ ‎9．(2018·山西重点中学协作体模拟)What’s more，we should improve our method of study and make good preparations for exams.‎ 解析：method→methods　句意：此外，我们应该改善我们的学习方法为考试做好准备。根据逻辑可知，我们的学习方法并非一种，故将method改为复数形式methods。‎ ‎10．(2018·龙岩质检)They think that taking notes with cell phones instead of by the hand can save time.‎ 解析：去掉the　句意：他们认为用手机而不是用手做笔记可以节省时间。by hand为固定短语，意为：用手。‎ Ⅱ.语篇填空 A．用适当的关系代词和关系副词填空 It was late at night.Two __1__(German)were sleeping in their room when suddenly，one of them，Mrs.Green，was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck.She had three __2__ (thousand)dollars in her pocket.“What should I do？Many __3__(thief) usually bring __4__ (knife)with them，”she thought in __5__(silent)．And at the same time the thief happened to touch a __6__ (sport)suit.It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room，so he went out to the next room where two __7__ (Frenchman) were sleeping.When he was looking for __8__ (money) or some __9__(jewel) in the next room，Mrs.Green woke up her husband quickly and called the __10__ (policeman)．And then the thief knew what had happened.He was so scared that he took out a knife.Just then the police showed up.Before the thief ran away，the police caught him.For Mrs.Green，it was really an unusual experience.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。讲述了史密斯夫人晚上配合警方抓贼的故事。‎ ‎1．解析：Germans　设空处前有数词two，故设空处需用名词复数形式。German的复数为Germans。‎ ‎2．解析：thousand　诸如hundred，thousand，million，billion等名词，无论前面是one还是大于one的数词，都需要用单数形式。‎ ‎3．解析：thieves　由前面的many可知应用复数。thief的复数为thieves。‎ ‎4．解析：knives　knife是可数名词，由语境可知此处应用复数形式表泛指。knife的复数为knives.‎ ‎5．解析：silence　介词后需用名词。in silence为固定词组，意为：静静地。‎ ‎6．解析：sports　名词作定语时一般用单数形式，但下列名词需用复数形式，它们是：sports，customs(海关)，sales。‎ ‎7．解析：Frenchmen　Frenchman的复数为Frenchmen。‎ ‎8．解析：money　money为不可数名词。‎ ‎9．解析：‎ jewels/jewelry　jewel的复数为jewels；jewelry为不可数名词，是珠宝的总称。‎ ‎10．解析：police　police表示“警方，警察部门”。call the police叫警察，报警。‎ B．用适当的冠词填空 When I walked down __1__ Third Avenue，as __2__ rule，I used to look into the windows of __3__ old shop that sold old and beautiful things.Since I often took my walk after the closing time，I cupped my hands against __4__ windows to get __5__ small look at the treasures inside.‎ Some things looked as if they had not been noticed for __6__ long time，but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface.I even thought they were __7__ most beautiful that I had ever seen.That was how I felt about old people，too.I knew their value，and it hurt me when others missed it.I was raised by my grandmother and given __8__ deep sense of the value of experience.Taught to behave well，my sister and I respected other people，regardless of their age or color.My grandmother was loved by all __9__ people around her.She was known to be __10__ wise and kind woman，who was able to do things well even in her last years.‎ Old people should be treated as fine gold.They may be gradually tarnished (失去光泽) by age，but they can be polished with respect.You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文为议论文。一些旧的东西虽然外表不再光鲜亮丽，但仍有内在的美，老年人也是如此。如果老年人受到尊重，同样会焕发出新的活力。‎ ‎1．解析：the　设空处后为序数词，且此处表示“次序”，故设空处应填定冠词the。‎ ‎2．解析：a　as a rule为固定短语，意为：通常。‎ ‎3．解析：an本空表示泛指，设空处后的old以元音音素开始，故设空处用不定冠词an。‎ ‎4．解析：the　设空处后的windows指的是那个老店铺的橱窗，表示特指，故填定冠词the。‎ ‎5．解析：a　get a look at为固定短语，意为：看一眼。‎ ‎6．解析：a　一些东西看上去好像很长时间没有人管了。for a long time很长时间。‎ ‎7．解析：the　设空处后有most，且most和后面的形容词构成最高级，故设空处为the。‎ ‎8．解析：a　我被我祖母养大并被赋予了对经验价值的理解。sense在本句中作“理解力，判断力”讲，sense在本句中表示泛指，故与不定冠词连用。‎ ‎9．解析：the　设空处后的people在本句中表示特指，故设空处填the。‎ ‎10．解析：a　众所周知，她是一位有智慧而且善良的女人。woman在本句中表示泛指，故设空处填不定冠词a。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 Dear manager，‎ I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised positions as a secretary of English.Here I would like to introduce me briefly.‎ I is a 25－year－old young man graduating from the Foreign Languages Department of Jilin University.I has been an English guide for two years after graduation.As a result，my oral English are pretty good.I have great interest the job.I had much confidence in myself.If I am given to the job，I can assure you I will try my best to do it well.I’d like to meet you at your convenient to discuss the possibility of working in your company.An early reply to my application will be high appreciated.‎ Yours respectfully，‎ ‎ Wang Yong 答案：‎ Dear manager，‎ I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised as a secretary of English.Here I would like to introduce briefly.‎ I a 25yearold young man graduating from the Foreign Languages Department of Jilin University.I been an English guide for two years after graduation.As a result，my oral English pretty good.I have great interest the job.I much confidence in myself.If I am given to the job，I can assure you I will try my best to do it well.I’d like to meet you at your to discuss the possibility of working in your company.An early reply to my application will be appreciated.‎ Yours respectfully，‎ ‎ Wang Yong