2020版高考英语总复习Unit2Englisharoundtheworld 人教版必修1

2020版高考英语总复习Unit2Englisharoundtheworld 人教版必修1

Unit 2　English around the world Step 1　课前准备——单元考点　自查自测 ‎1.词汇分层级识记过关　2.语境活用填写过关　3.经典句式背诵仿写过关　4.类词巧积累事半功倍 ‎(一)分门别类攻单词——识形辨意·拓展应用 ‎(二)写用结合记短语——译写短语·语境活用 21‎ ‎(三)仿写活用练句式——经典句型·仿写背诵 Step 2　课堂探究——核心考点　点点突破 ‎1.重点难点考点学通练透　2.归纳总结拓展开阔视野　3.方法规律技巧权威点拨　4.面面俱到打创高效课堂 21‎ 第一时段　Warming up & Reading ‎1．base vt.以……为根据/基础；基于　n．基部；基地；基础 ‎[教材原句]　It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.‎ 当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。‎ ‎(1)base... on/upon... 根据……；以……为基础 ‎＝(sth.) be based on/upon...‎ 以……为基础 ‎(2)basis n. 基础；基本原则 on the basis of 根据；在……的基础上；基于 ‎(3)basic adj. 基本的；基础的 单句语法填空 ‎①You should base your conclusion ________ careful research.‎ ‎②When planning EncyclopaediaBritannica, I had to create a table of contents ________(base) on the topics of its articles.‎ 完成句子 ‎③________ their expressed thoughts and actual “music king” behaviors, this text examines the songs they sing and the rhythms.‎ 以他们表达出的思想以及“乐王”的行为为基础，本文检测了他们唱的歌及韵律。‎ ‎[答案]　①on　②based　③Based on ‎[知识顾问]　当主语为“某物”且base短语在句中作状语时，base的非谓语动词形式是固定的，为based。‎ ‎2．latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的 ‎[教材原句]　The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.‎ 后者体现了美式英语拼写的不同特征。‎ ‎　‎ ‎(1)the former... the latter... 前者……，后者……‎ ‎(2)later adj.以后的　adv.以后 lately adv. 近来；最近 ‎(3)latest adj. 最近的；最新的 单句语法填空 ‎①He spent the ________(late) part of his life in America.‎ ‎②Television keeps us informed about the ________(late) news.‎ ‎③Believe it or not, I met him again three years ________(late)．‎ 完成句子 21‎ ‎④Of the two, ________ is more useful than ________.‎ 两者之中前者比后者更有用。‎ ‎[答案]　①latter　②latest　③later　④the former; the latter ‎3．come up走近；上来；被提出；发生；发芽；(太阳、月亮等)升起 ‎[教材原句]　I'd like to come up to your apartment.‎ 我很乐意到你的公寓去。‎ 写出下列句中come up的含义 ‎①A foreigner came up to me and asked the way to the station.____________‎ ‎②In order to finish the task on time, a good piece of advice came up at the meeting.____________‎ ‎③When the moon came up, the young people began their celebration.____________‎ ‎④I'll let him know if anything comes up.____________‎ come up with 提出，想出(计划，想法等)‎ come across 偶然遇到 come about 发生 come on 加油；得了吧，算了吧；快点 when it comes to 当提起；当谈及 选用上述短语填空 ‎⑤He ________________ a foreigner in the SummerPalace last week.‎ ‎⑥How did it ________________ that you failed in the driving test again?‎ ‎⑦Specialists can ________________ new ways to solve the problem of air pollution.‎ ‎[答案]　①走近　②被提出　③升起　④发生　⑤came across　⑥come about　⑦come up with ‎[方法规律]　come up作“被提出；被谈到”讲时为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；come up with“提出；想出”，其主语为该动作的发出者，宾语为表示“建议、计划、方案等”的名词。‎ ‎4．make use of利用；使用 ‎[教材原句]　So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.‎ 所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。‎ ‎　　　　　　‎ ‎(1)make full/good use of 充分利用 make the best (use) of/make the most of 充分利用 21‎ take (full) advantage of (充分)利用 ‎(2)put... to use 加以使用 come into use 开始被使用 be of great use 很有用 It is no use/useless doing sth.做某事是没用的 单句语法填空 ‎①________(make) full use of time is a good habit, which requires one to plan carefully.‎ ‎②Every minute must ______________(make) full use of ______________(go) over our lessons, for the final examination is approaching.‎ ‎③It's no use ________(try) to persuade him to have a holiday because he is facing a challenge.‎ ‎[答案]　①Making　②be made; to go　③trying ‎5．even if引导让步状语从句 ‎[教材原句]　Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.‎ 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。‎ ‎(1)even if＝even though“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句，在从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。‎ ‎①________________ it was possible to bring dinosaurs back to life, they probably could not survive in the present day environment.‎ 即使真有可能让恐龙复活，它们在目前的环境中也不一定能存活。‎ ‎(2)若主句和从句(多为状语从句)主语相同或从句主语为it，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，也可采用省略句结构，即省略从句的主语和be动词。‎ ‎②I won't go to his birthday party even if I am invited.‎ ‎→I won't go to his birthday party ________________.‎ ‎[答案]　①Even if/though　②even if invited ‎6．“more... than...”句式 ‎[教材原句]　It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.‎ 当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。‎ ‎(1)more... than...比……更……，注意比较级中的形容词和副词形式。‎ ‎①As far as I am concerned, he is ____________________ the other students.‎ 据我所知，他比其他学生更仔细。‎ ‎(2)more... than...与其说……倒不如……。‎ 21‎ ‎②I made such great progress in English that my teacher praised me saying that I was ______________________.‎ 我在英语方面取得了如此大的进步以致于老师表扬我说与其说我聪明倒不如说我勤奋。‎ ‎(3)“more than＋数词”表示“超过”，注意后面名词的数。‎ ‎③There are _________________________________________‎ in the library.‎ 图书馆里有200多学生。‎ ‎(4)“more than＋形容词”，表示“非常；很”。‎ ‎④Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I am ________________________ to apply for it.‎ 得知你们在组织全球共享书籍活动，我非常乐意申请参加。‎ ‎(5)“more than＋名词”表示“不只是；不仅仅……”。‎ ‎⑤He is ______________________； he is my friend.‎ 他不仅仅是我的老师；他是我的朋友。‎ ‎[答案]　①more careful than　②more diligent than clever　③more than two hundred students　④more than glad　⑤more than my teacher 语境串考点 ‎(语法填空)‎ ‎　　1.____________ present, a number of northerners come 2.____________ to Hainan because 3.____________ its mild weather in winter. 4.____________(actual) many people 5.____________(gradual) like staying there and even buy houses. My friend Zhang Ling often makes full use 6.____________ her holiday and 7.____________(frequent) goes there to spend her holiday. She gets along well with the 8.____________(native) and she can speak the local language 9.____________(fluent). 10.____________(base) on her own story she has written a novel about spending winter in Hainan.‎ ‎[答案]　1.At　2.up　3.of　4.Actually　5.gradually　6.of　7.frequently　8.natives　9.fluently　10.Based 第二时段　Learning about Language & Using Language ‎1．command n. & vt.命令；指令；掌握 ‎[教材原句]　Can you find the following command and request from Reading? Let's see how to retell them in indirect speech.‎ 21‎ 你能从阅读部分找到下列命令和请求的表达方式吗？我们看看如何把它们转述为间接引语。‎ ‎　‎ ‎(1)at one's command 听某人支配 have a (good) command of 掌握；精通(尤指语言)‎ take command of 控制；担任……的指挥 under one's command 在某人的指挥下 ‎(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 command that... (should) do...命令……做……‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I'm ________ your command—what would you like me to do?‎ ‎②If you do not serve others, you cannot take command ________ them.‎ 一句多译 警察命令那个小偷上交他所偷的东西。‎ ‎③The policeman commanded the thief ________________ what he had stolen.‎ ‎④The policeman commanded that the thief ________________ what he had stolen.‎ ‎[答案]　①at　②of　③to hand in　④(should) hand in ‎[思维发散]　command后面跟从句时，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。以下动词具有相同的用法：‎ ‎2．request n. & vt.请求；要求 ‎[教材原句]　Can you find the following command and request from Reading? Let's see how to retell them in indirect speech.‎ 你能从阅读部分找到下列命令和请求的表达方式吗？我们看看如何把它们转述为间接引语。‎ ‎　‎ ‎(1)make requests/a request for 请求 21‎ on/upon request 一经要求 by request (of sb.) 应(某人的)请求 at one's request＝at the request of sb.‎ 应某人的要求 be in (great) request (大量)需要；受欢迎 ‎(2)request sth. from/of sb. 向某人请求某物 request sb. to do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事 request/make a request that... (should) do...‎ 请求/要求……做某事 It is requested that... (should) do...　要求……‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He came to attend the party ________ the request of her.‎ ‎②It ____________(request) that all the articles (should) be related to the students' life.‎ ‎③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Departing from the Cannery: Tour times ________ request.‎ 一句多译 他要求我们不要在办公室里抽烟。‎ ‎④He requested _________________________________________.‎ ‎⑤He requested _________________________________________.‎ ‎[答案]　①at　②is requested　③on/upon　④us not to smoke in the office　⑤that we should not smoke in the office ‎[知识顾问]　动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ ‎3．recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认 ‎[教材原句]　Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other's dialects.‎ 虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但他们仍然能识别并理解彼此的方言。‎ ‎　　　　‎ ‎(1)recognize sb./sth. as/to be... 承认某人(物)是 be recognized as/to be 被公认为……‎ It is (generally) recognized that... 人们公认……‎ ‎(2)recognition n. 认识，认出；承认 beyond/out of recognition 难以认出 单句语法填空 21‎ ‎①The book ______________(recognize) as one of the greatest works of literature of this century.‎ ‎②China's contributions to the world's peace and development have won international ________(recognize)．‎ 完成句子 ‎③______________________________ that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.‎ 人们一致认为环境污染已经成为人类所面临的最严重的问题之一。‎ ‎[答案]　①is recognized　②recognition　③It is universally recognized ‎4．play a part(in)扮演一个角色；参与 ‎[教材原句]　Geography also plays a part in making dialects.‎ 地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。‎ ‎　‎ play an important role/part in...‎ 在……中起重要作用 play a leading role 起主要/带头作用 play the role of sb.(＝play/act the part of sb.)‎ ‎ (在剧中)扮演某人 单句语法填空 ‎①The books can play ________ important part in your study.‎ ‎②E－mail as well as mobile phones ________(play) a more and more important part in our daily life.‎ ‎③In the television play theFirstHalfofMyLife Jin Dong plays ________ role of He Han.‎ 单句写作 ‎④作为一名共青团员，你应该事事起带头作用。‎ As a league member, you should ____________________ in everything.‎ ‎[答案]　①an　②plays　③the　④play a leading role ‎5．“There is no such... as”句式 ‎[教材原句]　Believe it or not, there isno such thing as standard English.‎ 信不信由你，没有什么标准英语。‎ ‎(1)“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a(n)＋单数名词”。“no such＋单数名词＋as...”意为“没有像……这样的”。‎ 21‎ ‎①Everything comes with a price; there is ________________ a free lunch in the world.‎ 任何事情都是要付出代价的，在这个世界上没有免费的午餐。‎ ‎(2)such... as“像……这样的”，as在句中引导定语从句。‎ ‎②________________ he had given proved almost worthless.‎ 他所提出的那种建议结果证明几乎毫无价值。‎ ‎(3)such＋that...如此……以至于……‎ ‎③The book is written in ________________ beginners can understand.(as引导定语从句)‎ ‎＝The book is written in ________________ beginners can understand it.(that引导结果状语从句)‎ 这本书用这样简单的英语以致于初学者都能明白。‎ ‎[答案]　①no such thing as　②Such advice as　③such easy English as; such easy English that 语境串考点 ‎(短文改错)‎ ‎　　While walking in the park last night I had recognized my former deskmate Li Hua. The expression on her face was very strange. In my request she told me her story. After graduation she went to a African country. She once took the cab there, but she met with a robbery. Her face was injured. There is no such a thing as robbery in our country. Her parents commanded that she returned to China. Now she works in a factory in a eastern city, which makes lorry. At presents, she is spending holiday at home. After that, she'll go straightly to her factory.‎ ‎[答案]　‎ While walking in the park last night I recognized my former deskmate Li Hua. The expression on her face was very strange. my request she told me her story. ‎ 21‎ After graduation she went to African country. She once took cab there, but she met with a robbery. Her face was injured. There is no such thing as robbery in our country. Her parents commanded that she to China. Now she works in a factory in eastern city, which makes . At ， she is spending holiday at home. After that, she'll go to her factory.‎ Step 3　课后演练——知识能力　链接高考 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Data shows that kids and teens who do read ________(frequent), compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home.‎ ‎[答案]　frequently ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such ________ sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.‎ ‎[答案]　as ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because ________ their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein, iron and zinc.‎ ‎[答案]　of ‎4．(2018·北京卷)In fact, I got the same medal ________ the one that the guy who came in first place had.‎ ‎[答案]　as ‎5．(2017·江苏卷)With a sinking feeling, he realized that he ________(actual) enjoyed doing it.‎ ‎[答案]　actually ‎6．(2017·江苏卷)Embryonic learning helps mother birds to ________(identity) the baby birds which fit the environment better.‎ ‎[答案]　identify ‎7．(2016·天津卷)I went to a workshop and ________(gradual) got good at making things with clay(黏土)．‎ ‎[答案]　gradually ‎8．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a ________(base) part of communicating among people.‎ 21‎ ‎[答案]　basic ‎9．(2015·安徽卷)Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students' attention to speaking more ________(fluent)．‎ ‎[答案]　fluently ‎10．On arriving at his hometown, he found it had changed beyond all ________(recognize)．‎ ‎[答案]　recognition Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The old pianist wouldn't listen to our repeated request that he played in public again.____________‎ ‎[答案]　played→play ‎2．The film basing on the novel written by Guo Jingming is popular among the youth.____________‎ ‎[答案]　basing→based ‎3．—Tom, you are late again.‎ ‎—Yes, that's because of my car broke down on the way.____________‎ ‎[答案]　去掉of ‎4．There is no such a place as you dream of in all this world.____________‎ ‎[答案]　去掉a ‎5．The army officer commanded that the men fired as soon as the enemies came up.____________‎ ‎[答案]　fired→(should) fire ‎6．He would accompany his daughter to attend the evening classes as if he was busy.____________‎ ‎[答案]　as→even ‎7．Go straightly down the road until you come to the English language school.____________‎ ‎[答案]　straightly→straight ‎8．We should think of what use can be made such material.____________‎ ‎[答案]　在made后加of ‎9．He came up the project, which attracted many people's attention.____________‎ ‎[答案]　在up后加with ‎10．I don't like the way which he acts in the film.____________‎ 21‎ ‎[答案]　which→that或在which前加in或去掉which Ⅲ.根据提示词及相关要求完成句子 ‎1．当她的儿子撒谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。(more... than)‎ She was ________________ when her son lied.‎ ‎[答案]　more sad than angry ‎2．他被送到医院了，那是因为他生病了。(because引导表语从句)‎ He was sent to the hospital. _____________________________‎ he was ill.‎ ‎[答案]　That's because ‎3．我买了一本和你从图书馆借的那本一样的书。(the same... as)‎ I bought _________________________________________ you borrowed from the library.‎ ‎[答案]　the same book as ‎4．你既然发现计划有错误的地方，为什么不改变主意呢？(why not)‎ ‎_________________________________ now that you have found that there is something wrong with your plan?‎ ‎[答案]　Why not change your idea ‎5．一些人失去了生命即使他们本不该被杀死。(even though/if)‎ Some people lost their lives___________________________.‎ ‎[答案]　even though/if they shouldn't have been killed ‎6．世上没有失败，失败只不过是命运试图将我们推向另一个方向罢了。(There is no such... as...)‎ ‎________________________________. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction.‎ ‎[答案]　There is no such thing as failure 高考题型分组训练 训练一　语言知识运用板块训练——重情理，练准度 ‎(限时：25分钟)‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a __1__ reason, such as your job or your studies? __2__ perhaps you're interested in the __3__， films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a __4__ of the language.‎ 21‎ Most people learn best using a variety of __5__， but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的) start for many people. They __6__ an environment where you can practice under the __7__ of someone who's good at the language. We all lead __8__ lives and learning a language takes __9__. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a __10__. It doesn't matter if you haven't got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes __11__.‎ Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I'm too __12__，” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more __13__ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any __14__. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I've also heard people __15__ about the mistakes they make when __16__. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __17__ you're much less likely to make them again.‎ Learning a new language is never __18__. But with some work and devotion, you'll make progress. And you'll be __19__ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in __20__ own language. Good luck!‎ 语篇解读：你在学习一种新的语言吗？要想学好一种语言可不是件容易的事情，文章将给出你学习语言的方法。‎ ‎1．A.technical B．political C．practical D．physical ‎[解析]　句意：你是出于哪种实际的原因而需要学习一种新语言的，比如工作或学业？technical“技术的”；political“政治的”；practical“实际的，实用的”；physical“身体的”。根据句意可知，C项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎2．A.After B．So C．Though D．Or ‎[解析]　前一句提到两种原因，这一句又提到另外一种可能，所以用or表示选择。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎3．A.literature B．transport C．agriculture D．medicine ‎[解析]　该空应该和后面的films和music是同一类的事物，故选A项，literature意为“文学”。transport“交通”；agriculture“农业”；medicine“医学”。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎4．A.view B．knowledge C．form D．database 21‎ ‎[解析]　句意：……你知道掌握这门语言会多么地有帮助。view“观点”；knowledge“知识”；form“形式”；database“数据库”。have a knowledge of the language“掌握这门语言”。根据句意可知，B项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎5．A.paintings B．regulations C．methods D．computers ‎[解析]　后面说传统的课堂学习对大多数人来说是一种理想的开始方法，所以该空应该是说大家用“各种方法”去学习。故选C项。a variety of methods意为“各种方法”。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎6．A.protect B．change C．respect D．provide ‎[解析]　本句中的They指的是前文中的traditional classes，它们“提供”给人们学习的环境。故选D项。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎7．A.control B．command C．guidance D．pressure ‎[解析]　“在擅长这种语言的人的指导下学习”，也就是在老师的指导下学习。under the guidance of sb.“在某人的指导下”。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎8．A.busy B．happy C．simple D．normal ‎[解析]　根据语境可知，我们都过着繁忙的(busy)生活，而学习语言也需要花费时间(take time)。lead a．.. life＝live a．.. life“过着一种……生活”。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎9．A.courage B．time C．energy D．place ‎[解析]　参见上题解析。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎10．A.theory B．business C．routine D．project ‎[解析]　根据句意可以知道是“养成一种日常行为”。theory“理论”；business“商务”；routine“例行公事，常规”；project“工程，项目”。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎11．A.some risks B．a lot less 21‎ C．some notes D．a lot more ‎[解析]　句意：流利地掌握一种语言需要花费几年的时间，但是学到过得去的程度花的时间就少多了。a lot less意为“少得多”。get by“勉强应付”。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎12．A.old B．nervous C．weak D．tired ‎[解析]　下文讲的是小孩和成年人学习语言的对比，所以许多人很快放弃学习新的语言因为他们觉得自己年龄“太大”了。故选A项。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎13．A.closely B．quickly C．privately D．quietly ‎[解析]　句意：是的，小孩学习语言确实比成年人要“快”……。故选B项。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎14．A.age B．speed C．distance D．school ‎[解析]　上文一直在说年龄的事情，所以这里应该是研究表明“在任何年龄(at any age)”你都可以学习一门语言。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎15．A.worry B．hesitate C．think D．quarrel ‎[解析]　句意：我还听说人们在学习(learning)语言时担心(worry)他们会犯错误。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎16．A.singing B．working C．bargaining D．learning ‎[解析]　参见上题解析。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎17．A.if B．and C．but D．before ‎[解析]　本题考查“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”这个特殊句型。该句型中的祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句。本句可改为：If you relax and laugh about your mistakes, you're much less likely to make them again。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎18．A.tiresome B．hard C．interesting D．easy 21‎ ‎[解析]　根据文章内容可以得知学习一种新的语言绝对不是“容易”的事情。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎19．A.blamed B．amazed C．interrupted D．informed ‎[解析]　根据语境可知，当你用某些人自己的语言仅说了几句话之后就得到他们积极的回应时，你将会为此感到“惊讶的”。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎20．A.their B．his C．our D．your ‎[解析]　本题考查代词，指前面第三人称的some people，故选A项。‎ ‎[答案]　A Ⅱ.语法填空 As we all know, there are some differences between American English and British English. How did these differences take place? There is no quick answer 1.____________ this question.‎ Actually at first the language in Britain and America was the same. After America became an independent(独立的) country, the language 2.____________(gradual) began to change. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.‎ Over the centuries, a number of words and meanings 3.____________ are still in everyday use in the United States 4.____________(disappear) in British English. For example, Americans still use the 5.____________(express) “I guess” (meaning “I think”), just as the British did 300 years ago.‎ In 1828 Noah Webster published the first American dictionary. 6.____________(make) American English different from British English, he changed the spelling of many words. That's why the words colour, centre andtraveller 7.____________(spell) color, center and traveler in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, 8.____________(write) English is nearly the same in both British English and American English.‎ The differences are much 9.____________(great) in the spoken language. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have difficulty in 10.____________(understand) each other.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了英式英语和美式英语之间的一些不同点。‎ ‎1．[解析]　answer后常跟介词to，表示“……的答案/回答”。‎ 21‎ ‎[答案]　to ‎2．[解析]　设空处修饰began to change，故填副词gradually。‎ ‎[答案]　gradually ‎3．[解析]　设空处引导定语从句，修饰words and meanings，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。‎ ‎[答案]　that/which ‎4．[解析]　由Over the centuries及语境可知，设空处表示的动作已完成，故填have disappeared。‎ ‎[答案]　have disappeared ‎5．[解析]　由the可知，设空处应填名词expression。‎ ‎[答案]　expression ‎6．[解析]　设空处表示目的，故填To make。‎ ‎[答案]　To make ‎7．[解析]　words与spell之间是被动关系，且此处表示一种客观情况，故填are spelt。‎ ‎[答案]　are spelt ‎8．[解析]　written English意为“书面英语”。‎ ‎[答案]　written ‎9．[解析]　由much及语境可知，此处应用比较级，故填greater。‎ ‎[答案]　greater ‎10．[解析]　have difficulty in doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。‎ ‎[答案]　understanding 训练二　主观应用题板块训练——重语法，练规范 ‎(限时：45分钟)‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1.____________(grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2.____________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ A taste for meat is 3.____________(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4.____________(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 5.____________ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ‎ 21‎ ‎ 6.____________(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.‎ According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7.____________(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 8.____________(start) a soiltesting program 9.____________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 10.____________(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.‎ 语篇解读：在中国，人们的饮食以及重要作物都发生了变化。从2011年开始，玉米的种植已经超过了水稻，这一变化不但减少了污染还提高了水质。与此同时，化肥的用量也在减少，这大大减少了二氧化碳的排放。这些都给世界农业和食品政策的制定者们提供了宝贵的经验。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查对现在完成时态的掌握和应用能力。根据句中的时间状语Since 2011可知句子应用现在完成时。主语the country是单数形式，故填has grown。‎ ‎[答案]　has grown ‎2．[解析]　考查对英语习惯用法的应用能力。“over/during/in the past/last＋时间段”是固定短语，意为“在刚刚过去的一段时间里”。‎ ‎[答案]　the ‎3．[解析]　考查具体语境中词性转换的能力。分析句子结构可知，空处是修饰整个句子，故应填副词形式。‎ ‎[答案]　actually ‎4．[解析]　考查具体语境中对非谓语动词的掌握和应用能力。分析语境可知，政府鼓励农民种玉米而不是种水稻是为了改善水质，空处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。‎ ‎[答案]　to improve ‎5．[解析]　考查对语境的理解及介词的应用能力。分析句意可知，此句是在将corn与rice做比较，且由空前的less可知此处应填than来引出比较的对象。‎ ‎[答案]　than ‎6．[解析]　考查对句子结构的理解及进行词性转换的能力。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作has decreased的宾语，故应用名词形式，此处指的是减少了污染。‎ ‎[答案]　pollution ‎7．[解析]　考查根据上下文进行词性转换的能力。根据语境可知，此处指的是中国占全球化肥消费总量的30%左右。空处作定语修饰fertilizer 21‎ ‎ consumption，故应用形容词形式。‎ ‎[答案]　global ‎8．[解析]　考查对一般过去时态的掌握和应用能力。由时间状语2005可知，这里表述的是过去的情况，故该句应用一般过去时。‎ ‎[答案]　started ‎9．[解析]　考查对句子结构的理解及定语从句的应用能力。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是定语从句，修饰指物的先行词program，且空处在从句中作主语，故用that/which引导该定语从句。‎ ‎[答案]　that/which ‎10．[解析]　考查具体语境中状语从句的省略。分析句子结构可知，while引导的是时间状语从句，从句中的主语与主句的主语China一致，且谓语动词是be动词，故此处是状语从句的省略形式。China与feed之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎[答案]　feeding Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·广东阳春一中月考)Today we had the honor of being inviting Mr. Hudson, a foreign professor in the field of language learning, to give us an English lesson. All of us deeply impressed by this unforgettable English lesson. The professor begins the class with an amusing English story, which attracted our attentions at once. He spoke slowly but clearly so that we could follow him well. Greatly inspiring, most of us took an active part in classroom activities. After class, many students interviewed spoke high of him. They said never before had they experienced so interesting the class. From their lesson, we came in a conclusion that it is not so difficult to learn English if we find a good way.‎ ‎[答案]　‎ Today we had the honor of inviting Mr. Hudson, a foreign professor in the field of language learning, to give us an English lesson. All of us deeply impressed by this unforgettable English lesson. The professor the class with an amusing English story, which attracted our at once. He spoke slowly clearly so that we could follow him well. Greatly ， most of us took an active part in classroom activities. After class, many students interviewed spoke of 21‎ ‎ him. They said never before had they experienced so interesting class. From lesson, we came a conclusion that it is not so difficult to learn English if we find a good way.‎ Ⅲ.书面表达 假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jamie发邮件告诉你他对中国传统文化非常感兴趣，但是在阅读时遇到了很多困难，比如很多汉字不认识，读不懂文章的意思等等，希望得到你的帮助。请用英文给Jamie回一封100词左右的邮件。内容要点如下：‎ ‎1．表示理解并给予安慰；‎ ‎2．提出建议并说明理由。‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]　‎ Dear Jamie，‎ I am more than glad to know that you are interested in the traditional Chinese literature. It's never easy to learn Chinese characters and essays. Even native Chinese speakers may find it hard to learn them well, so you don't have to feel upset. Here are some useful tips.‎ First, turn to the Internet for help when you have a problem, where you can learn how to read and write the characters. Second, you can learn from Chinese people around and I'm always here to help. But the most important is to keep on learning and reading. You are sure to make progress!‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 21‎