2020年高考英语模拟试题及答案(十)

2020年高考英语模拟试题及答案(十)

2020 年高考英语模拟试题及答案（十） 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选 出最佳选项。 A KQED is a Public Broadcasting Service station in California, US. The station is owned by Northern California Public Broadcasting. Some of its radio programs are as follows: ● The Cooler As one of the most popular programs among young listeners, the Cooler is a podcast ( 博客 ) about pop culture stories and music, presented in a smart, fun and personal way. Come and join us on our journey. Time: MON-THU, 8 pm — 9 pm. ● Here & Now A live production, in cooperation with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young Time: MON-THU, 11am — 1 pm ● Mind Shift The Mind Shift podcast explores the innovations ( 创 新 ) in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. They cover topics like how teachers are developing surprising methods to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts is helping kids develop reading skills. Time: THU-SUN, 7 pm — 9 pm ● Living on Earth Living on Earth is a weekly news and information program about the world's changing environment, ecology, and human health. If there's something new about climate change, environmental politics or environmental quality and human health, you can count on Host Steve Curwood and the LOE public radio news team to keep you up to date. Time: WED, 9 am — 10 am 1. At what time can the audience enjoy pop culture stories? A. Tuesday, 8 pm —9pm. B. Wednesday, 9 am — 10 am. C. Friday, 8 pm — 9pm. D. Sunday, 7pm —9pm. 2. From which radio program can listeners pick up news at noon? A. The Cooler. B. Here & Now. C. Mind Shift. D. Living on Earth. 3. Which of these topics might be covered in Living on Earth? A. Education policies. B. Economic problems. C. Human population. D. Global warming. 【答案】 1. A2. B3. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国加利福尼亚的公共广播服务中心 KQED 的节目，包括节目内容、播出时间等。 1. 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 中 “ The Cooler ”这 一 部 分 提 到 “ As one of the most popular programs among young listeners, the Cooler is a podcast （博客） about pop culture stories and music, ⋯” the cooler 是关于流行音乐的节目，其播出时间为周一至周四，根据 题目要求， A 项符合题意，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。文章“ Here & Now ”部分提到该节目播出时间为周一至周四，上午 11 点至下 午 1 点， B 项符合题意，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。文章“ Living on Earth ”部分提到“ Living on Earth is a weekly news and information program about the world's changing environment, ecology, and human health. ”该节目是关于全球环境、生态、人类健康等方面。 D 项符合题意，故选 D。 B In the trailer ( 拖 车 式 房 屋 ) ， Sischo was refreshing the snails ‘ ( 锅牛 ） accommodations--an ongoing routine that takes days of careful work. He had found a dozen of Achatinella bulimoides--a third of the world's population of the species. Once every individual was accounted for, he cleaned the cage and packed in new leaves. The work took much trouble, but the responsibility, he said, was like “a heavy weight sitting on you. ” The trailer is very vulnerable . It ’ s designed to keep away would -be thieved, and to resist hurricanes. But a fire could easily destroy it, or a disease could sweep through it. Last September , a mystery pathogon （病原体） appeared to have entered the trailer on leaves fed to the snails, killing almost an entire species. As sad as the event was, there ’ s no good way to insure against future catastrophe. The snails can ’ t simply be spread among zoos or other facilities: they need special equipment, experienced handlers, and a diet of native Hawaiian plants. Consequently, it can be hard for the snails' minders to relax, even when they are outside the trailer. “ How do you switch off when your decisions mean existence or extinction?" Sischo said. While action lightens the burden, yet with animals whose natural history is largely unknown, that action can be dangerous. "If you do it wrong, the snails die. ” Snails are neither intelligent nor beloved. Sischo's friends sometimes tease him about being "the strange snail guy' ; strangers ask why he cares. It's hard to convince people, but he insists that if he can just get them in the trailer, they will understand why the Achatinella bulimoides are worth saving. "People melt," he said “ When you show them that the entire population is in this chamber, it hits them." 4. What is the trailer used for? A. Accommodating guests B. Sheltering snails C. Planting vegetables. D. Alarming thieves. 5. What does the underlined word “ vulnerable" mean in paragraph? A. Quite. B. Safe. C. Easily affected. D. Well protected. 6. What is the snail minders' attitude towards their job? A. Relaxed. B. Confident. C. Cautious D. Disapproving 7. Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A. The Last of Its Kind B. The Worst of Times C. Mourn Its Loss D. Resist Possible Dangerous 【答案】 4. B5. C6. C7. A 【语篇解读】本文为说明文。主要说明为了拯救濒临灭绝的蜗牛物种，人类为 它们制作了特殊的设备 --- 拖车式房屋，经验丰富的驯养员和夏威夷本地植物的饮食，这些都有 益于蜗牛的保护。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容“ The trailer... It ’ s designed to keep away would-be thieved, and to resist hurricanes. But a fire could easily destroy it, or a disease could sweep through it. ...As sad as the event was, there ’ s no good way to insure against future catastrophe. The snails can ’ t simply be spread among zoos or other facilities: they need special equipment... ”可知，拖车房屋很脆弱。它的设计是为了避免可能被盗， 抵御飓风。但是火灾很容易摧毁它，或者疾病可以席卷它。 ......，但没有好的办法来防止未来 的灾难。蜗牛不能简单地在动物园或其他设施中生存：它们需要特殊的设备 ...。这个特殊的设 备就是 the trailer 。由此可知，这个和 the trailer 是给蜗牛住的房子，是收容蜗牛，为其遮 风挡雨的。分析选项可知，故 B 项符合题意。 5. 猜测词义题。根据划线词 The trailer is very vulnerable 后的内容 “ It ’ s designed to keep away would-be thieved, and to resist hurricanes. But a fire could easily destroy it, or a disease could sweep through it. Last September , a mystery pathogen appeared to have entered the trailer on leaves fed to the snails, killing almost an entire species. ” 拖车房屋的设计是为了防止潜在的盗窃，并抵御飓风。但是一场火灾可以轻易地摧毁它，或者 一种疾病可以席卷它。由此可推断出，这种拖车房屋很容易被火烧，疾病可摧毁它，所以它是 易受其他因素影响的。故选 C。 6. 推理判断题。根据第三段 it can be hard for the snails' minders to relax, even when they are outside the trailer.... “ How do you switch off when your decisions mean existence or extinction? yet with animals whose natural history is largely unknown, that action can be dangerous. "If you do it wrong, the snails die. ”蜗牛的看护人员即 使在拖车房外也很难放松 ... “你的决定会影响它们的生存或毁灭，你怎么能不担心呢？”但对 于自然基本一无所知的动物来说，这种行动可能是危险的。如果你做错了，蜗牛就会死。 由此可 知，蜗牛看护者对待他们的态度是谨慎小心的。分析选项 A. Relaxed. 放松的； B. Confident 自 信的； C. Cautious 谨慎小心的； D. Disapproving 反对的。可知 C 项符合题意，故选 C。 7. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“ .... He had found a dozen of Achatinella bulimoides --a third of the world's population of the species ”一天他发现了 12 种蜗牛，占世界蜗牛总 数的三分之一。第二段中的“ Last September , a mystery pathogon （病原体） appeared to have entered the trailer on leaves fed to the snails, killing almost an entire species. ”去 年 9 月,一个谜似的 (病原体进入了拖车中蜗牛吃的树叶 , 几乎杀死整个物种。第三段中的 “ How do you switch off when your decisions mean existence or extinction? ” Sischo said 。“你的决定会影响它们的生存或毁灭，你怎么能不担心呢？你的决定会影响它们的生存 或毁灭，你怎么能不担心呢？”由此可推断出：这种蜗牛的数量极少，也就是说“这种物种最 后的几条蜗牛“。分析选项可知 A 项“这种物种最后的几条蜗牛”为短文最佳标题。故选 A 。 C Food experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink or nearby food. But it's been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing （冲洗） off raw poultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria. The do — not — wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. Benjamin Chapman, a study author and food safety expert at North Carolina State University, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades when people relied more on visual clues to spot problems with poultry. Meanwhile, washing hands and surfaces are also important. But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread even if it's not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging. The USDA-funded study stresses that point. Researchers sprayed raw chicken with a harmless strain of E. coli （大肠杆菌） and watched volunteer cooks at test kitchens. Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking. To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. Even after the meal is cooked, you aren't out of the danger zone. To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say they should be refrigerated after two hours. 8. People don't accept USDA's advice because____. A. the advice is relatively new B. cleaning seems more trustworthy C. cooks clean the turkey before cooking it D. heat can kill most germs and no one eats raw food 9. What can be concluded from Paragraph 4? A. Food packages carry germs. B. Hands and surfaces are easy to get E. coli. C. Germs from a turkey can be spread whether it is washed or not. D. Multiple methods should be applied to food to get rid of germs. 10. Which way may help to cook a turkey safely? A. Rinse off the turkey before it is heated. B. Keep the turkey away from the lettuce and refrigerator. C. Wash hands and packages before taking out the turkey. D. Use a thermometer to check the temperature of the turkey. 11. From which section of a magazine is the text probably taken? A. Culture. B. Science. C. Education. D. Medicine. 【答案】 8. B9. C10. D11. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了食品专家说清洗可能会在厨房水槽或附近的食物中传 播火鸡身上的细菌，但美国农业部的研究强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会传播，同 时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡。 8. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ The do — not — wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. ”可知，查普曼说，美 国农业部提出的“不清洗生禽”的建议相对较新，但可能还没有流行起来，因为这违背了人们普 遍认为的“清洗可以使东西干净”的观念，由此可知，人们不接受美国农业部的建议是因为清洗 似乎更值得信赖，故 B 项正确。 9. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking. ”可知，在那些清洗生鸡肉的人中， 约四分之一的人最终将细菌传播到生菜上，但即使是一些没有清洗鸡肉的人，生菜上也有细 菌，火鸡身上的细菌还有其他生存的机会：融化和烹饪，由此可知，不管火鸡是否被清洗，它 身上的细菌都会传播，故 C 项正确。 10. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“ To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. ”可知，为了确保一只家禽被彻底煮熟，他们说要用温度计检查它最深和最厚的部分 是否达到 165 度，由此可知，用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡，故 D 项正确。 11. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了食品专家说清洗可能会在厨房水槽或附近的 食物中传播火鸡身上的细菌，但美国农业部的研究强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会 传播，同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡，这属于科学范畴，因此这篇 文章最有可能出自于杂志的科学版块，故 B 项正确。 D The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1. Many citizens are still confused about the classification of the four different types of trash. Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to explain the new rules. The guideline, published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau, provides a rather clear definition on the four kinds if waste: recyclable waste, harmful waste, household food waste and residual ( 剩余 ) waste. A team from the U. K.'s National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine examined 14 lean and overweight men and analyzed their metabolic ( 新陈代谢 ) health. The participants were either assigned Harmful waste, as the name suggests, includes various poisonous materials like used batteries, light bulbs, out-of-date medicines, paint and pesticides. Household food waste — which is translated to "wet trash ” in Chinese — refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs ( 中药 ) and flowers. Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles ( 纺织品 ) are counted as recyclable waste. The definition of residual waste is a little confusing. Anything that is not listed above belongs to this category. As specific as the new guideline is, residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all. For instance, both plastic bottles and bubble tea or coffee cups are plastic materials. However, the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongs to residual waste. To save the hassle, some netizens have come up with their own way to sort trash. "We should do this from a pig's angle," commented one netizen. "Those edible ( 可 食 用 ) for pigs are household food waste. Those even pigs don't want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it, then something must be harmful waste. Those that can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste." The new regulation came into effect on July 1. Those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB200. 12. What do the old coats that you want to throw away belong to? A. Harmful waste. B. Wet trash. C. Recyclable waste. D. Residual waste 13. What is the common point of "wet trash"? A. They can be broken down easily. B. They all come from plants. C. They all have bad smells. D. They all have poisonous materials. 14. What is the tone of the netizen like? A. Serious. B. Humorous. C. Delightful. D. Uncertain. 15. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The four sorts of garbing are forbidden in Shanghai. B. Shanghai garbage sorting enforcement begins. C. people are still confused about garbage sorting. D. The netizens in Shanghai support the garbage sorting policy. 【答案】 12. C13. A14. B15. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海垃圾分类政策的规范，包括有害垃圾、 可回收垃圾、湿垃圾等的分类规范。 12. 细节理解题。由文中 Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles ( 纺织品 ) are counted as recyclable waste. 可知， old coats 是可回收利用的废品。由此可知， C 项符合题意，故选 C。 13. 细节理解题。文中第五段提到“ Household food waste — which is translated to "wet trash ” in Chinese — refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs ( 中药 ) and flowers. ”厨余垃圾也可被称作湿垃圾，其中包括一些水 果皮、中药渣、花等等，由此可知这类垃圾都能够轻易被破坏，故选 A。 14. 推理判断题。根据“ We should do this from a pig ’ s angle, ”可知，网民是用一种调侃的 口气来说的。 A. Serious. 严肃的， B. Humorous. 幽默的， C. Delightful. 令人愉快的， D. Uncertain. 犹豫不决的。由此可知， B 项符合题意，故选 B。 15. 主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了上海实行的垃圾分类政策，紧接着又对各项垃圾进行了具 体阐述，由此判断本文主要介绍了上海正在实行垃圾分类。故选 B。 第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填 入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 While most people feel lonely now and then, it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. 51. Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon, and have identified three different types of loneliness. The first kind of loneliness is temporary.52. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation-for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe.53. People who experience chronic （慢性的） loneliness have many problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their conditions. 54. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that the number of social contacts we have is not the only reason for loneliness. 55. In other words, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes fell they should have more. They question their own popularity. A. However, this type of loneliness is not so serious. B. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. C. Psychologists are exploring possible ways to solve the problem. D. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. E. It is more important how many social contacts we think or expect we should have. F. Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts. G. Unlike the second type, habitual loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. 【答案】 16. B17. D18. G19. F20. E 【文章大意】这是一篇选句填空。本文主要讨论了孤独：心理学家把孤独分为了三种，第 一种孤独不会持续太久，它是最普通的一种孤独；第二种是情景式孤独，是某种特定情况产生 的自然结果；与前两种不同，第三种孤独是最严重的，通常持续两年以上，没有具体原因。 16. 根据前文 While most people feel lonely now and then, it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. 可知尽管大多数人偶尔会感到孤独，这种孤独通常只持续几 分钟。 B. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. 然而，对于一些人来说 孤独可以持续几年。符合文意，故选 B 项。 17. 根据前文 The first kind of loneliness is temporary. 可知第一种孤独是暂时的。 D. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. 它通常很快就消 失，而且不需要任何特别的关注。符合文意，故选 D 项。 18. 根据前文 The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. 可知第三种孤独是最严重的。 G. Unlike the second type, habitual loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. 不像第二种，习惯性孤独通常持续超过两年，并且没有特别的原因。 符合文意，故选 G 项。 19. 根据前文 We depend on various people for different reasons. 可知我们因为不同的原 因依赖各种人。 F. Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts. 心理学家相信孤独的一个重要因素是一个人的社交关系。符合文意， 故选 F 项。 20. 根据下文 In other words, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes fell they should have more. 可知换句话来说，孤独的人虽然有一些社交， 但有时他们认为自己需要更多。 E. It is more important how many social contacts we think or expect we should have. 更重要的是我们觉得或者期待自己有多少社交关系。符合 文意，故选 E 项。 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出 可以填入空白处的 最佳选项。 Not many 17-year-old girls know how to solder （焊） copper pipes together or light a pilot light. These are 21 I ’ ve learned as an assistant to my 22 in his plumbing （管道） business. My summer job deals with 23 that constantly arise physical and mental discomfort, and the work 24 an attitude of determination and patience that I frequently struggle to adopt. Each morning, I 25 myself into large- thick men ’ s jeans most girls would 26 to wear and climb into the plumber truck. As my classmates begin their 27 babysitting, or selling groceries, my dad and I carry 28 toolboxes and work in the dark basements. I often get 29 in messy storage boxes looking for the water meter. Nothing around is beautiful or tidy. Sometimes I 30 why I stand the dust and sweat when I could be in my air-conditioned house doing summer homework. Yet as much as I 31 the mess of plumbing. I look down upon myself for being so easily annoyed by disorder. 32 , the world was built by people willing to get their hands 33 . Five such summers have 34 me that the messy parts of people ’ s houses 35 the messy parts of their lives. As I learn to 36 the mess, I also learn to handle the 37 and contradictions in my adolescence. Life is a process of accepting 38 and learning to put it in order. Plumbing work is no different. You can see it in each newly soldered group of copper pipes. And when customers express 39 , I understand that, in a small way, we bring 40 to their lives. 21. A. manners B. skills C. facts D. rules 22. A. brother B. dad C. teacher D. friend 23. A. messes B. customers C. noises D. exercises 24. A. offers B. develops C. demands D. lacks 25. A. wrestle B. lower C. squeeze D. hide 26. A. need B. expect C. refuse D. choose 27. A. shifts B. studies C. meetings D. travels 28. A. fancy B. small C. expensive D. heavy 29. A. injured B. absorbed C. lost D. interested 30. A. know B. question C. imagine D. remember 31. A. see B. clean C. hate D. create 32. A. Or rather B. At least C. After all D. In addition 33. A. full B. dirty C. firm D. free 34. A. taught B. promised C. advised D. guaranteed 35. A. examine B. divide C. reduce D. reflect 36. A. sort out B. care about C. hunt for D. give up 37. A. arrangements expectations B. uncertainties C. competitions D. 38. A. failure B. help C. change D. chaos 39. A. sympathy B. suspicion C. disapproval D. appreciation 40. A. peace B. success C. wonder D. order 【答案】 21. B22. B23. A24. C25. A26. C27. A28. D29. C30. B 31. C32. C33. B34. A35. D36. A37. B38. D39. D40. D 【语篇解读】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过作者在 5 个暑假作为水管工父亲的助手，每天 穿着大而厚的牛仔裤修理管道，认为世界是由那些愿意弄脏自己双手的人建立的。人们房屋的 脏乱反映了他们生活中的脏乱。如果学会处理工作中的混乱，也能处理青春期的不确定性和矛 盾，生活就是一个接受混乱并学会把它整理好的过程。 21. 考查名词辨析。句意：很少有 17 岁的女孩知道如何将铜管焊接 ......。这些都是作为我父 亲的水管工助手时我学到的技能。 A. manners 方式； B. skills 技能，技巧； C. facts 事实； D. rules 规则。根据语境可知，这些东西是她在工作中学到的技能（ skills ）。故选 B。 22. 考查名词辨析及语境。句意：这些都是我作为我父亲的水管工助手学到的技能。 A. brother 兄 弟 ； B. dad 爸 爸 ； C. teacher 老 师 ； D. friend 朋 友 。 根 据 后 面 的 my dad and I carry___8___toolboxes 可知，此处是指作为爸爸（ dad ）的助手。故选 B。 23. 考查名词辨析。句意：我的暑期工作是应付不断出现的身体和心理中的各种混乱。 A. messes 杂乱，麻烦，混乱； B. customers 顾客； C. noises 噪声； D. exercises 经历。根据 第二段和第三段的内容可知，作者不喜欢工作中的混乱及麻烦。后文多处出现“ messy ”、“ mess ” 的提示。如“ I often get ___9___in messy storage boxes ”以及“ As I learn to sort out the mess, I also learn to hand le the___17___and contradictions in my adolescence. ” 经常处理找工具 的麻烦当我学会如何处理混乱时，我也学会了如何处理青春期的矛盾，可知在暑期中要应付许 多混乱（ messes ）。故选 A。 24. 考查动词辨析。句意：而这项工作要求毅力和耐心的态度。 A. offers 主动提供； B. develops 开发，发展； C. demands 要求； D. lacks 缺乏。根据下文作者每天的工作情况可 知，这是工作方面的要求（ demands ），故选 C。 25. 考查动词辨析。句意：每天早上，我都会努力穿上大而厚的男式牛仔裤。 A. wrestle 努力 处理，费力对付； B. lower 恶劣； C. squeeze 挤压； D. hide 躲藏。 根据后面的“ large-thick men”以及“许多女孩都不愿意穿” 可知，作为一个女孩我也不想穿上这样的衣服，要努力 （wrestle ）（即与自己心理斗争）让自己穿上这种衣服。故选 A 。 26. 考查动词辨析。句意：这种牛仔是大多数女孩都会拒绝穿的。 A. need 需要； B. expect 期待；C. refuse 拒绝； D. choose 选择。这是“大而厚的男式牛仔裤”的工作服，作为女孩是 不会穿的，因此要用拒绝（ refuse ），故选 C。 27. 考查名词辨析。句意：当我的同学们开始轮班照看孩子，或者卖杂货时，我和爸爸扛着沉 重的工具箱，在黑暗的地下室里工作。 A. shifts 班次； B. studies 学习，研究； C. meetings 会议，会见； D. travels 旅行。根据常识可知，工作时还要休息的，所以工作是轮班（ shifts ） 照看孩子的。故选 A。 28. 考查形容词辨析。句意：我和爸爸扛着沉重的工具箱，在黑暗的地下室里工作。 A. fancy 太花哨的，精致的； B. small 小的； C. expensive 昂贵的； D. heavy 重的。根据作者工作的 工种可知，做这种工种，他们的工具箱是很重的（ heavy ）。故选 D 。 29. 考查形容词辨析。句意：我经常迷失在凌乱的储物箱里找水表。 A. injured 受伤的； B. absorbed 吸收的； C. lost 迷路的，迷失的； D. interested 感兴趣的。根据后一句“ Nothing around is beautiful or tidy. ”可知，常在混乱的环境中找这样的物品，会让迷乱（ lost ）。故 选 C。 30. 考查动词辨析。句意：当我在空调房里做暑假作业时，有时我想知道为什么我会忍受那些 灰尘和流那么多的汗水。 A. know 知道； B. question 问（问题） ，质问； C. imagine 想像； D. remember 记得。根据后面的“ why I stand the dust and sweat ... ”可知，这些都是问题， 所以是问 (question) 。故选 B。 31. 考查动词辨析。句意： 但正如我讨厌水管的混乱一样。我看不起自己，因为我很容易被 混乱所困扰。 A. see 看见； B. clean 清理； C. hate 痛恨，讨厌； D. create 创造。根据后一 句 “我看不起自己”可知，讨厌（ hate ）水管中的混乱。故选 C。 32. 考查副词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，世界是由那些愿意弄脏自己双手的人建立的。 A. Or rather 确切地说； B. At least 至少； C. After all 毕竟； D. In addition 另外，而且。根据语 境可知，此处是对前面内容的解释，即“毕竟（ after all ）。故选 C。 33. 考查形容词辨析。句意：世界是由那些愿意弄脏自己双手的人建立的。 A. full 充满的； B. dirty 脏的； C. firm 强有力的； D. free 免费的。根据常识工人工作时会把手弄脏的（ dirty ）。 故选 B。 34. 考查动词辨析。句意：五个这样的夏天教会了我：人们家里的脏乱反映了他们生活中的脏 乱。 A. taught 教； B. promised 承诺； C. advised 劝告； D. guaranteed 保证。根据下文的 内容可知，这是作者从五个这样的夏天经历得到的经验，即就是“五个这样的夏天经历教会 （taught ）了我”。故选 A。 35. 考查动词辨析。句意：五个这样的夏天教会了我，人们家里的脏乱反映了他们生活中的脏 乱。 A. examine 检测； B. divide 划分； C. reduce 减少； D. reflect 反映，显示。根据语境 可知，此处是指家里的脏乱反映（ reflect ）了生活中的脏乱。故选 D 。 36. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在我学会处理混乱的同时，我也学会了处理青春期的不确定性 和矛盾。 A. sort out 解决（问题） ，整理； B. care about 关心； C. hunt for 寻找； D. give up 放弃。根据下文“ also learn to handle the______ ”中的“ handle （处理问题）”是 A 项中的 sort out 解决（问题）同义词。故选 A。 37. 考查名词辨析。句意：在我学会处理混乱的同时，我也学会了处理青春期的不确定性和矛 盾 。 A. arrangements 安 排 ； B. uncertainties 不 确 定 性 ； C. competitions 竞 争 ； D. expectations 期 望 。根 据 “ the______and contradictions ” 中的 and ， 可 知， 本 空 与 contradiction( 矛盾 )并列关系的只有 B 项的 uncertainties （不确定性）符合。故选 B。 38. 考查名词辨析。句意：生活是一个接受混乱并学会把它整理好的过程。 A. failure 失败； B. help 帮助； C. change 变化，改变； D. chaos 混乱。文中反复强调生活中有各种的 “ mess( 混 乱 ) ”，可知 D 项（ chaos ）就是它的同义词。故选 D 。 39. 考查名词辨析。句意：当顾客表达感激之情时，我明白了，在很小的程度上，我们让他们 的 生 活 有 秩 序 。 A. sympathy 同 情 ； B. suspicion 怀 疑 ； C. disapproval 反 对 ； D. appreciation 欣赏，感激。根据文章可知，作者认为管道工人帮助他人修理管道，让人们的 生活有条理，那么顾客就会感激（ appreciation ）。故选 D。 40. 考查名词辨析。句意：当顾客表达感激之情时，我明白了，在很小的程度上，我们让他们 的生活有秩序。 A. peace 和平； B. success 成功； C. wonder 奇迹； D. order 秩序。根据上 下文的语境可知，人们学会和处理工作和生活中的混乱，让生活有秩序（ order ）。故选 D 。 第二节 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since the start of reform and opening-up, Shenzhen41. (grow) from a small fishing village to a modem city, with its GDP 42. (increase) soaring from less than 200 million yuan in 1980 to 2.4 trillion yuan in 2018. With a population of 12 million people, the 43. (south) city is known for its strong innovation capabilities. It is home 44. more than 14,000 national high-tech giants, including Hua-Wei and Tencent. Wang Xiaoguang, a professor of economics at the National Academy of Governance, said in45. article published on Aug 3 in the Outlook Weekly, a magazine 46. (attach) to Xinhua News Agency, that many good examples of China's reform and opening-up originated in Shenzhen. It has accumulated valuable experience for China's reform and opening-up47. modern construction, and has made significant 48. (contribute) to exploring the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, Wang said. The essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Party, 49. plays a central role in adjusting the overall situation, he said ,50. (refer) to Shenzhen as a good example of handling the relationship between market and government since China's reform and opening-up began. 【答案】 41. has grown 42. increasingly 43. southern 44. to 45. an 46. attached 47. and 48. contributions 49. which 50. referring 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。改革开放以来，深圳已经从一个小渔村发展成为一个现 代化的城 市，它为中国的改革开放和现代建设积累了宝贵经验，为探索中国特色社会主义道 路做出了重要贡献。 41. 考查时态。句意：改革开放以来，深圳已经从一个小渔村发展成为一个现代化的城市。 since 引导的时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词常用现在完成时， Shenzhen 是句子主语。 故填 has grown 。 42. 考查副词。句意：深圳的 GDP 从 1980 年的不到 2 亿元人民币猛增到 2018 年的 2.4 万 亿 元 人 民 币 。 修 饰 动 词 soar 用 副 词 ， increase （ 增 加 ） 是 动 词 ， 它 的 副 词 是 increasingly （不断增加地） 。故填 increasingly 。 43. 考查形容词。句意：深圳这个南方城市拥有 1200 万人口，以其强大的创新能力而闻名。 使用形容词修饰名词 city 作定语， south （南方）是名词，它的形容词是 southern （南 方的）。 故填 southern 。 44. 考查固定搭配。句意：它是包括华为和腾讯在内的 14,000 多家国家高科技企业所在地。 固定词组 be home to 的意思是“为⋯⋯的所在地”。故填 to 。 45. 考查冠词。句意：王小光教授在一篇文章中说，中国改革开放的许多很好的例子起源于 深圳。根据句意此处泛指“一篇文章”，所以使用不定冠词。 article 是以元音音素开头的 单词。 故填 an 。 46. 考查非谓语动词。句意： 《展望周刊》是新华社的一本杂志。 be attached to 附属于。分 析句子结构，谓语动词是 said ，attach 是非谓语动词，因此使用 attached to 短语作后 置定语修饰 magazine 。故填 attached 。 47. 考查并列连词。句意：深圳为中国的改革开放和现代化建设积累了宝贵经验。该空应填 入并列连词连接 China's reform and opening-up 和 modern construction 。故填 and 。 48. 考查名词。句意：深圳为探索中国特色社会主义道路做出了重要贡献。固定词组 make contributions to 意为“为⋯做贡献”。故填 contributions 。 49. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：王小光教授说，中国特色社会主义的根本特征是党的领 导，它在调整大局中起着中心作用。分析句子结构可知，此处需填入引导非限定性定语 从句的关系词，先行词是 the leadership of the Party ，从句缺主语，所以填 which 。故 填 which 。 50. 考查非谓语动词。句意：王小光教授提到深圳是中国改革开放以来处理市场与政府关系 的一个很好的例子。分析句子结构可知， refer 是非谓语动词，它与句子主语 he 是主动 的关系，应使用现在分词 referring 。故填 referring 。第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 l 分，满分 10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧） ，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 People always say that we lack of the eyes of realizing the beauty in life. I can't agree complete. Last Friday, I wake up very early and decided to take a walk. In the square there many senior citizens were dancing; I found several elders absorb in feeding birds. Without many cars, I realized that the city looked so clean but beautiful. Some coffee shop, which used to be old and shabby, were decorated pretty well and caught my attention. On both sides of the street were big trees covering the whole city, making a green city. At that moment, I found a city was so interesting. How I regret ignore its beauty before! 【答案】 第一处：删掉 of 第二处： complete → completely 第三处： wake → waked 或 woke 。 第四处： there → where 第五处： absorb → absorbed 第六处： but → and 第 七处： shop → shops 第 八处： making 后加 it 第九处： a→ the 第十处： ignore → ignoring 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了上周五早晨散步的时候，我发现了生活中的美。第一 处：考查 lack 的用法。句意：人们总是说我们缺少发现生活中的美的眼睛。此处的 lack 是及 物动词，其后直接接宾语， of 是多余的，故删掉 of 。 第二处：考查副词。句意：我不能完全同意（这个观点） 。修饰动词 agree 用副词，故 complete 改为 completely 。 第三处：考查时态。句意：上周五，我醒得很早，决定去散步。事情发生在过去，应该用一 般 过去时， wake 的过去式有两种形式： waked 和 woke ，故 wake 改为 waked 或 woke 。第四 处：考查定语从句。句意：在广场上，许多老年人在跳舞；我发现几位老年人正全神贯注地喂 鸟。此处为定语从句，关系词指代先行词 square 并在从句中作地点状语，故 there 改为 where 。 第五处：考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处为“ find+ 宾语+ 宾补”结构， be absorbed in 表示 “全神贯注于”，此处去掉 be 作宾语补足语，故 absorb 改为 absorbed 。 第六处：考查连词。句意：没有很多车，我意识到这座城市看起来是那么干净美丽。 clean 和 beautiful 是并列而非转折关系，故 but 改为 and 。 第七处：考查名词复数。句意：一些以前又旧又破的咖啡店（现在）装修得很好，引起了我 的 注意。 some 修饰可数名词复数，后面的 were 也表明此处用可数名词复数，故 shop 改为 shops 。 第八处：考查代词。句意：街道两旁是大树，覆盖了整个城市，使它成为一个绿色的城市。 此处为“ make+ 代词+ 名词（短语）”结构，此处指代前面的 city ，故 making 后加 it 。 第九处：考查冠词。句意：在那一刻，我发现这座城市是如此有趣。 city 在文中不是第一次 出现，此处表示特指，故 a 改为 the 。 第十处：考查非谓语动词。句意：我多么后悔以前忽视了它的美丽！ regret 后接动名词作宾语， 故 ignore 改为 ignoring 。 第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分） 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Tim 是中国功夫（ kung fu ）的爱好者。你得知今年八月你 所在的城市将举办一次国际功夫比赛。请你用英语给他写封邮件，询问他是否有兴趣参加。 要点包括： 1.比赛的时间和地点； 2.比赛的目的； 3.参加比赛的益处。 注意： 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。 Dear Tim, How is everything going? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ________ I will accompany you during the competition. I am looking forward to hearing from you; Yours, Li Hua 【范文】 Dear Tim, How is everything going? I ’ m writing to tell you that the 15th International Kung Fu Competition will be held in Nanjing from August 20th to 24th at Olympic Gymnasium. As we know, kung fu is an important part of Chinese culture and has become increasingly popular at home and abroad. This event aims to further expand the influence of kung fu worldwide. The organizers hope people will feel the charm of kung fu in this competition. I know you are a kung fu amateur. Are you interested in taking part in the event? You will be able to appreciate high-level kung fu performances and communicate with people sharing the same interest from all over the world. You can also improve your techniques. I will accompany you during the competition. I ’ m looking forward to hearing from you Yours, Li Hua 什么是意识，我们又需要哪些意识？意识可大可小，可深可浅范围甚广。在众多意识里 选择我们需要的，弥补我们欠缺的。当下提出了三大问号，现在通过意识来作答。第一 个问号，企业要发展就必须有纵观全局大胆创新、改变思想更新观念、步步递进稳中求 胜的前瞻意识。 2020 年必须要做的也是之前我们做的不太好的：紧跟政策环境变化，掌 握实时动态数据，分析市场实际问题，综合性考量科学性分析去制定酒店发展可实施方 向计划。比如，通过对前两年经营数据分析，我们把很大一部分的营业卖点放在房和餐 上，而实际上，我们真正有价值的卖点或者说吸引力是在酒店的环境和场地。 2020 年我 们改变思路认清方向重新寻找制定了定位点，硬件以环境场地和基础设施为切入点，软 件提高人文服务为辅助，以点带面的突破去改变现状。第二个问号，企业的发展首先是 从管理团队开始，领导的高度决定了企业发展的长远和员工前进的步数，我们的管理团 队要有高瞻远瞩的前瞻意识，积极协作的团队意识、有容乃大的格局意识、居安思危的 危机意识、勇于担当的责任意识。说着简单，做着却难，为了做到管理要求的这些意识， 我们合作过管理公司、咨询公司、顾问公司、高薪聘请过职业经理人，但由于种种原因 并未达到预期效果。怎么办？撸起袖子加油干呗，外来管理不行自己上。实行团队出人 才方针，从员工队伍中寻找人才，培养人才，给予平台和机会，充分展现每个人的个人 才能，通过短时间的自己管理自己，不论团队协作力还是凝聚力都有改善。这种改善说 明我们接地气的管理模式找对了思路，用对了方法重要的是适合我们。第三个问号，我 们都是个体劳动者，而劳动是一个互相协作合作的过程。在整个工作活动中必须要有部 门协作的团队意识，全情投入的奉献意识、争当标兵的学习意识、爱岗敬业的服务意识。 社会学实验表明，两个人以团队的方式相互协作、优势互补，其工作绩效明显优于两个 人单干时绩效的总和。团队精神强调的不仅仅是合作与齐心协力，其核心在于大家在工 作中加强沟通。我们平时工作心累身累很大一部分原因就是因为沟通不到位的缘故，因 为沟通我们吃了多少亏、干了多少无用活、造成了多少时间精力的浪费。未来，在团队 协作中，利用个性和能力差异实现优势互补，发挥积极协同效应，带来“ 1+1>2 ”的绩效。