2018届一轮复习北师大版必修5Unit13People学案(4)

2018届一轮复习北师大版必修5Unit13People学案(4)

‎　　　　　　　　　　　　Module 5‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　Unit 13　People ‎ ‎ ‎1．gain vt.获得；增加；(钟、表)走快，(经努力)到达，达到 ‎ 搭配：gain sth.‎ ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ vi.　(1)获利，赚钱；得益[(＋by/from)]‎ ‎ We all gained from the experience.我们都从这次经验中 ‎ 获益。‎ ‎(2)取得进展；得到改善；增进健康 ‎ The singer is gaining in popularity.这歌手越来越受 ‎ 到人们的欢迎。‎ ‎ (3)(钟、表等)走快 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ We gained experience by working during the summer.‎ ‎ 我们从暑期的工作中获得了经验． [美国传统]‎ ‎ Students gain knowledge by reading.学生们通过阅读 ‎ 增加知识。 [美国传统]‎ ‎ We gained our destination before dark.我们天黑之前 ‎ 到达了目的地。‎ ‎ My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快五分钟。‎ 即学即用 ‎ 完成句子 ‎ ①He quickly gained experience.他很快就有经验了。‎ ‎ ②Only after ten years in the country did she gain ‎ ‎ her citizenship.‎ ‎ 她在这个国家住了十年后才取得了公民身份。‎ ‎ ③He gained weight after his illness.病后他的体重 ‎ 增加了。‎ ‎ ④This clock gains five minutes a day.这只钟每天快 ‎ 5分钟。‎ ‎ ⑤Does your watch gain or lose ？你的表走得快，还是 ‎ 走得慢？‎ ‎ ⑥In the end we gained the top of the mountain.我们 ‎ 终于到达了山顶。‎ ‎2．concentrate vi.&vt.集中(注意力、思想等)集中于某 ‎ 处；使集中于一点 ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ concentrate on/upon ‎ ‎ concentrate one’s attention on ‎ concentration n.‎ ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ We must concentrate our attention on efficiency.‎ ‎ 我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。 ‎ ‎ For centuries the population of Europe has been ‎ concentrated in large cities.‎ ‎ 几个世纪以来，欧洲的人口一直集中在大城市里。‎ ‎ [美国传统]‎ It’s hard to concentrate on writing a letter with ‎ ‎ the TV on.‎ ‎ 开着电视机很难集中精力写信。 [美国传统]‎ ‎ Concentration is essential if you want to do a good ‎ job.如果你想把事情做好，专心是必要的。‎ ‎ 即学即用 ‎ 完成句子 ‎ ⑦ Concentrate on your study.集中精神学习。‎ ‎ ⑧A driver should concentrate on the road when ‎ ‎ driving.‎ ‎ 开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。‎ ‎ ⑨Industrial development is being concentrated ‎ in the west of the country.‎ ‎ 这个国家的西部正集中发展工业。‎ ‎3.connect vt.&vi.连接；结合；连结，接通电话，(与with ‎ 连用)有联系，有关 ‎ 搭配：connect with /to；connection n.‎ ‎ be connected to/with/by ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ This railway connects London and Edinburgh.这条铁 ‎ 路连接伦敦与爱丁堡。‎ ‎ The operator connected me with the order department.‎ ‎ 接线员为我接通订购部的电话。 [美国传统]‎ ‎ This wire connects with that one.这根电线与那根连 ‎ 接。‎ ‎ There is a connection between good health and eating ‎ well.健康与合理膳食有关系。 [美国传统]‎ ‎【词语辨析】‎ ‎ (1)be connected to：把……连上 ‎ Please connect the computer to the Internet.‎ ‎ (2)be connected with：把……与……连接起来 ‎ It serves as a bridge which connects the mainland ‎ with the rest of the world.‎ ‎ 它是连接祖国大陆与世界其他地方的桥梁。 ‎ ‎ (3)be connected by：被……连接在一起 ‎ The whole world is connected by computers and it is ‎ becoming smaller and smaller.‎ ‎ 整个世界被电脑连在了一起，世界变得越来越小了。‎ 完成句子 ‎⑩Will you connectthis wire to the television？你 ‎ 把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？‎ ‎⑪This flight connects with New York one.这班飞机 ‎ 在纽约可接上另一班机。‎ ‎⑫ Connect me with Beijing University.给我接北京大学。‎ ‎⑬That solitary old man was suspected to be connected ‎ with the crime.那个孤独的老头被怀疑与犯罪事件有关。‎ 单项填空 ‎⑭He ________ the Zhangs by marriage.‎ ‎ A．connects with B．is connected to ‎ ‎ C．is connected with D．connects to ‎ 解析：be connected with和……有关系。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎4．deserve vt.应得，值得 ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ deserve to do sth.‎ ‎ deserve sth.‎ ‎ deserve to be done＝derserve doing...‎ ‎ deserve ill/well of 有罪于/有功于 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ They deserved to be praised.他们应该受到表扬。‎ ‎ The rescuers deserved a reward for their courageous ‎ ‎ act.‎ ‎ 救援者应为他们的英勇行为得到奖赏。[美国传统]‎ ‎ I think you’re playing with fire.You deserve it！‎ ‎ 你是老鼠戏猫，真是自作自受！‎ That goodhearted girl married her ‘prince’ finally.She ‎ ‎ deserved it.‎ ‎ 那个好心女孩终于嫁给了她的心上人。她是有好报。‎ ‎ He has deserved well of his country.他有功于国家。‎ 即学即用 完成句子 ‎⑮They deserved to be punished.‎ ‎ They deserved being punished/punishment.他们应该 ‎ 受罚。‎ ‎⑯He deserves this glory.他应该得到这一荣誉。‎ ‎5．fail v．；failure n．失败 ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ fail sth. fail to do sth. fail in sth. sth. fail sb.‎ ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ Their first attempt at climbing the mountain failed.‎ ‎ 他们的初次登山尝试以失败告终。 [美国传统]‎ ‎ We will never fail to live up to what our parents ‎ expect of us.我们决不辜负我们的父母对我们的期望。‎ ‎ She failed in the examination.她这次考试不及格。‎ ‎ He is so excited that words failed him.他如此激动 ‎ 以致说不上话来。‎ ‎ Early airplane experiments ended in failure.早期的 ‎ 飞机实验以失败告终。 [美国传统]‎ 即学即用 完成句子 ‎⑰He failed in everything he tried.他做一切事情都失 ‎ 败了。‎ ‎⑱He did very well，but failed to break the record.‎ ‎ 他做得很出色，但未破记录。‎ ‎⑲George failed history last semester.乔治上学期历 ‎ 史考试不及格。‎ ‎⑳His courage failed him.他失去了勇气。‎ ‎ His friends failed him when he needed their help ‎ ‎ most.当他最需要帮助的时候，他的朋友们却辜负了他。‎ ‎21‎ 单项填空 ‎ Words ________ me when I wanted to express my ‎ ‎ thanks to him for having saved my son from the ‎ burning house.‎ ‎ A.failed B.left ‎ ‎ C.discouraged D.disappointed ‎ 解析：表示使失望；有负于，想不起来。‎ ‎ 答案：A ‎6．mistake n．&v.；mistaken adj.‎ ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ make a mistake by mistake mistake...for...‎ ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ I’m not blaming you—we all make mistakes.我不 ‎ 是在责备你——我们都会犯错。 [剑桥高阶]‎ ‎ I took your pen by mistake.我错拿了你的钢笔。‎ ‎ I mistook Anna for his sister.我误把安娜当作是他 ‎ 妹妹。‎ ‎ 【词语辨析】‎ ‎ mistake/error/fault/wrong mistake 指偶然做错了事，如拼写错误，错拿了东西等，‎ ‎ 强调日常生活中的错误。‎ ‎ It was a mistake buying that house.买那套房子是 ‎ 个错误。 ‎ ‎ error 指违反某一标准做的错事，包括道德上的错误。‎ ‎ He can’t forget the errors of his youth.他忘不了 ‎ 他年轻时犯的错误。‎ ‎ fault 常常指人在性格上或办事方式上的“缺点”“毛 ‎ 病”，强调过失的责任，不能与make连用 ‎ 搭配：挑毛病用 find one’s fault。‎ ‎ It’s my fault that we are late.我们迟到是我的错。‎ ‎ wrong 指“坏事，冤枉”。‎ 即学即用 ‎“I don’t think it’s my ________ that the TV blew ‎ up.I just turned it on，that’s all，”said the boy.‎ ‎ A．Error B．mistake C．fault D．duty ‎ 解析：it’s my fault固定搭配，意为那是我的错。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎ He is such a man who is always ________ fault with ‎ other people.‎ ‎ A．putting B．Seeking ‎ C．Finding D．looking for ‎ 解析：固定搭配find fault with sb. 意思是挑某人的毛病。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎7．accuse vt.指控，控告 ‎ 搭配：accuse sb. of...多用于正式的场合，用于描述“指控”‎ ‎ 某种犯罪行为。‎ ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ charge sb. with...适用范围十分广泛，用于“指控”“谴 ‎ 责”“责备”都可以，而且常用于表达道德方面的错误。‎ ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ The surgeon was accused of negligence.这名外科医生 ‎ 被控玩忽职守。 [剑桥高阶]‎ ‎ The police accused him of murder.警方指控他谋杀。‎ ‎ They accused him of taking bribes.他们控告他受贿。‎ 即学即用 完成句子 She accused him of stealing her watch.她控告他偷她 的表。‎ He accused his boss of having broken his word.他指 责老板不守信。‎ He was accused of murder.有人指控他谋杀。‎ He was charged with stealing.他被控犯有偷窃行为。‎ 单项填空 They _____that the police had beaten three students ‎ to death.‎ A．accuse B．charges C．Accused D．charged 解析：句意：他们指控警察将三名学生打死。‎ 答案：C He ______ them of having broken their words.‎ A．accused B．accused of C．charge D．charged 解析：句意：他责备他们食言的行为。其中，本题显然不能 用accuse作“指控”翻译。而对题来说，硬要用charged这个 选项也不能说就是错，但是accused要合适得多，这就跟使用 习惯有关了，对于这种题只能积累经验吧。‎ 答案：A ‎8.require vt.&vi.要求，需要，命令；requirement n.‎ ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ require doing...‎ ‎ require sb.to do sth.‎ ‎ require sth.of sb.‎ ‎ require that sb.should do...‎ ‎ It is required that sb.should do...‎ ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ The floor requires washing.地板该洗了。‎ ‎ Bringing up children often requires you to put ‎ ‎ their needs first. ‎ ‎ 抚养孩子常得把他们的需要放在首位。 [剑桥高阶]‎ All passengers are required to show their tickets.‎ 所有乘客都必须出示车票。‎ The emergency requires that it should be done.情况 紧急，非这样做不可。‎ The rules require that you bring only one guest to ‎ the dinner.‎ 按照规定，你只能带一位客人出席晚宴。 [剑桥高阶]‎ The police required the address of the thief.警察要 求小偷提供地址。‎ ‎【词语辨析】‎ ‎ request/require/command/order ‎ request要求，请求，语气比其他词委婉；request可用作make ‎ a request，所以 request (sb.to do sth.) 是“请求(某人做 某事)”，是下对上的要求；而require表示order，demand，是“命令，要求”之意，指上对下的要求，比如法律条款对当事人的要求，业主对雇员的要求。这样记忆吧，request是你看到同学说的，require是老师对你说的。‎ order和command在用法上很相似，command和order都有“命令”之意，都可以接名词、从句作宾语，接不定式作宾语补足语，接从句时从句要用虚拟语气。‎ command指权威方面正式下令，主要用于军事场合。‎ The general commanded his men to attack the city.将军命令士兵攻城。‎ order 执行任务或掌权者发布命令时使用，为常用词，可用于正式或非正式场合。‎ The police officer ordered that I should get out of the car.警察命令我从汽车里出来。‎ 即学即用 单项填空 The newly founded chess club formally _______ us to attend the opening ceremony.‎ A．requested B．required C．demanded D．Commanded 点拨：区分动词词义，按照句意排除。‎ 解析：考查request sb.to do sth.B、C、D语气强硬，按照句意A符合。‎ 答案：A 完成句子 The roof requires repairing 屋顶需要修理了。‎ We required her to attend the opening ceremony.我们要求她参加开幕式。‎ ‎ The director required that we should work all ‎ night.主任要求我们通宵工作。‎ 单项填空 ‎ ________ in the regulations that you should not ‎ ‎ tell other people the password of your email ‎ ‎ account.‎ ‎ A．What is required B．What required ‎ ‎ C．It is required D．It requires ‎ 解析：It is required that为固定句型，本句为规则要 ‎ 求……‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎9.devote vt.专心于，献身于……；devotion n.‎ ‎【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ devote oneself/one’s whole life to...‎ ‎ be devoted to...‎ ‎【典型例句】‎ ‎ He left government to devote more time to his family.‎ ‎ 为了能有更多时间陪伴家人，他离开了政府部门。[剑桥高阶]‎ ‎ He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.‎ ‎ 他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。‎ ‎ This magazine is devoted to science.这个杂志专门刊载 ‎ 科技文章。‎ 即学即用 ‎ 完成句子 ‎ He devoted himself to the study of contemporary art.‎ ‎ 他把他的一生都献给了当代艺术研究。 ‎ ‎ He has devoted his whole life entirely to music.‎ ‎ 他将一生奉献给了音乐。‎ ‎ She is a good wife and a devoted mother.‎ ‎ 她是一位贤妻良母。‎ ‎ 单项填空 ‎ ______ to his research work，the professor cared ‎ little about any other things.‎ ‎ A．Devoting B．Devoted ‎ C．Having devoted D．To devote 解析：be devoted to专心于，本句是形容词作状语。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎ ‎ ‎1.come up with (针对问题等)想出；提供 ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ come up 提出(不用被动语态) put up with 忍受 ‎ catch up with 赶上 keep up with 跟上，不落后 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ She’s come up with some amazing scheme to double ‎ ‎ her income.‎ ‎ 她想出一个惊人的计划来使自己的收入翻倍。 [剑桥高阶]‎ ‎ He came up with good ideas for the product promotion.‎ ‎ 他想出一个推广产品的好方法。‎ ‎ He could not come up with a proper answer.他想不出一 ‎ 个合适的回答。‎ 即学即用 ‎ 完成句子 ‎ I can’t keep up with all the changes in the ‎ ‎ computer technology.‎ ‎ 计算机技术的各种改进，有些我已经跟不上来了。‎ ‎ I don’t know how she put up with his cruelty to ‎ ‎ her.‎ ‎ 我不明白她怎么能忍受他的虐待。‎ ‎ At the moment our technology is more advanced，‎ ‎ but other countries are catching up with us.在那 ‎ 时我们的技术较先进，但其他国家正要赶上。‎ ‎ A number of questions came up at the meeting.会议 ‎ 上提出了许多问题。‎ ‎2.end up 结果为……；以 …… 而结束 ‎ 搭配：end up with... end up doing... end up as... ‎ ‎ end up＋prep.‎ ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ put an end to... come to an end bring...to an end ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ If you do that，you’ll end up with egg on your ‎ ‎ face.你要是做那件事，必将以耻辱告终。‎ ‎ You could end up running this company if you play ‎ your cards right.‎ ‎ 你要是处理得当，到头来这个公司能归你掌管。‎ After working her way around the world，she ended ‎ up teaching English as a foreign language.‎ ‎ 靠打工游遍世界后，她最后做了教师，教外国人学英语。‎ ‎ [剑桥高阶]‎ ‎ If you continue to steal you’ll end up in prison.‎ ‎ 你要是继续行窃终归得进监狱。‎ ‎ If he carries on driving like that，he’ll end up ‎ dead.他照这样开车，早晚得死于非命。‎ ‎3.be likely to do sth.极有可能做某事 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ Do remind me because I’m likely to forget.一定要 ‎ 提醒我，因为我可能会忘记。 [剑桥高阶]‎ ‎ It is likely that he will succeed.很可能他会成功。‎ ‎ It is likely to rain today.今天可能会下雨。‎ ‎ The park is a likely place for the picnic.这公园 ‎ 倒是个适合野餐的地方。‎ ‎ 【词语辨析】‎ ‎ likely/possible/probable ‎ possible作“或许”解，有“也许如此，也许不如此”之 ‎ 意。强调客观上有可能性，但常常带有“实际可能性很 ‎ 小”的暗示。‎ probable用来指有根据，合情理，值得相信的事物，带有 ‎ “大概，很可能”的意味。语气比possible要重，是most ‎ ‎ likely之意。‎ ‎ It’s possible，though not probable that he will ‎ accept the terms.‎ ‎ 他有可能接受这些条件，但希望不大。‎ ‎ be possible，be probable常用形式主语it，构成句型为：‎ ‎ It is possible/probable/likely＋that...(从句)It ‎ ‎ is possible＋for sb.to do sth.‎ ‎ sb.is likely to do sth.‎ ‎ 例如：他有可能做这件事。‎ ‎ [√]It is possible for him to do this.‎ ‎ [√]It is possible that he will do this.‎ ‎[×]He is possible to do this.‎ ‎ [√]He is likely to do this.‎ ‎4.give up放弃 ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ give away 赠送，泄露 ‎ give back 归还，使恢复 ‎ give in 屈服，让步 ‎ give off 放出(光，热，气味等)‎ ‎ give out 分发，发布，放出(光，热等)，用完 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ They finally gave up and stopped looking for the ‎ ‎ ring.‎ ‎ 他们最终放弃了，不再寻找那枚戒指。 [美国传统]‎ We’ll try to persuade him to give up smoking.我 ‎ 们将努力说服他或戒烟。‎ ‎ The young man gave up his seat to an old man.年青 ‎ 人把他的座位让给一个老年人。‎ 即学即用 ‎ —Sorry，I have to _____now.It’s time for class.‎ ‎ —OK，I’ll call back later. (2009·天津，6)‎ ‎ A．hang up B．break up C．give up D．hold up ‎ 解析：意为：我得挂电话了，hang up 符合题意。‎ ‎ 答案：A During the war there was a serious lack of food.‎ ‎ It was not unusual that even the wealthy families ‎ had to ____ bread for days. (2009·湖北，22)‎ ‎ A.eat up B.give away C.do without D.deal with ‎ 解析：意为：战争期间粮食严重匮乏，甚至富人家庭几天 ‎ 不吃面包是很正常的， do without sb./sth.不用或没有 ‎ 某人，某物也行。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎ ‎ The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for ‎ ‎ a visit was ______ on the radi oyesterday.‎ ‎ (2007·福建，33)‎ ‎ A.turned out B.found out C.given out D.carried out ‎ 解析：句意：市长要来我校参观的消息已于昨日通过广播 ‎ 公布了。give out“分发，散发”“公布消息”，符合题意。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎5.fall behind落后，落在后面 ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ fall down 跌倒 fall off从……摔下 ‎ fall asleep睡着，入睡 fall back撤退 ‎ fall ill患病 fall in love with sb.爱上某人 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ We fell behind the group we were traveling with.‎ ‎ 我们落后于同行的团队了。[美国传统]‎ ‎ She soon fell behind the others.她很快就落到了别 ‎ 人的后面。‎ ‎ Don’t fall behind with your rent.不要拖欠房租。‎ 即学即用 ‎ 完成句子 ‎ The toddler tried to walk but kept falling down ‎ 那小孩学着走路但老是跌跤。‎ ‎ He fell off the bike and broke his right leg.‎ ‎ 他从自行车上摔下来，摔断了右腿。‎ ‎ The major world powers are afraid of falling behind ‎ in the arm race.‎ ‎ 世界各大强国均惟恐在军备竞赛中落后。‎ ‎ The enemy fell back as our troops advanced.我军 ‎ 前进，敌军后退。‎ ‎ He worked so late that he fell asleep soon.他工 ‎ 作到很晚，马上就睡着了。‎ ‎6.can’t help doing sth.禁不住要做某事 ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ can’t help but do 只能做……，没有别的选择 ‎ can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 ‎ can’t help it 没有办法，实在控制不住 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ I cannot help it if the train is late.火车晚点的 ‎ 话，我也没办法。[美国传统]‎ ‎ I can’t help accepting his invitation.我禁不住接 ‎ 受了他的邀请。‎ ‎ I cannot help but admire their efforts to assist ‎ those in need.‎ ‎ 我不由得钦佩他们为那些需要帮助的人们所做的努力。‎ ‎ [美国传统]‎ 即学即用 ‎ —I can’t help ______ sorry that I can’t help ‎ ‎ ______ anything for you.‎ ‎ —Don’t mention it.‎ ‎ A．feel；do B．to feel；doing ‎ C．feeling；do D．feeling；doing ‎ 解析：意为不能帮助你我感到很不好意思，can’t help ‎ doing情不自禁做某事，can’t help do不能帮助做某事。 ‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎ ‎ ‎1.The first time I met Tom，he seemed to be allergic to ‎ ‎ everything.我第一次碰见汤姆的时候他似乎对一切都很敏感。‎ ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ (1)句中短语the first time引导时间状语从句，意思是 ‎ “当第一次……”，类似的短语还有：the last time，‎ ‎ every time，each time等。‎ ‎ Each/Every time I was in trouble，he would come to ‎ help me out.‎ ‎ 每当我遇到困难的时候，他总是来帮我解决。‎ ‎(2)句中短语seem to be 意思是“ 似乎是，好像是”，‎ ‎ 后跟形容词、名词、介词短语，to be 可以省略。‎ ‎ He seems (to be)quite happy today.‎ ‎ 【归纳拓展】‎ ‎ seem to be doing...似乎在干某事 ‎ seem to have done sth.似乎干了某事 ‎ It seems that...好像……‎ ‎ It seems as if...好像……‎ ‎ There seems to be...似乎有……‎ ‎ 【词语辨析】‎ ‎ look/seem/appear ‎ look作“好像，看起来”讲，指从外表上看。 seem指从 ‎ 内心里的“判断”。appear指给人以表面的印象。‎ seem和appear后习惯接不定式to be；look后接to be常用 ‎ 于美国英语中，其意义相当于seem to be，都是“看起来”‎ ‎ 的意思。‎ ‎ seem和look均可接as if引导的表语从句。seem需要用it作 ‎ 形式主语，而look的主语可以是形式主语it，也可以是其 ‎ 他的人称代词。appear则不能。‎ ‎ seem和appear可用于 “It seems/appears that...”的句型 ‎ 结构，而look则不能。‎ ‎ seem和appear可用于以there为引导词的句型中，look则 ‎ 不能。‎ ‎ He looks like her father.‎ ‎ He seems to be her father.‎ She appears wise.‎ ‎ It seems as if it were spring already.‎ ‎ It looks as if we shall have to walk home.‎ ‎ It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes ‎ ‎ in his work.‎ ‎ It appeared that he was talking to himself.‎ ‎ There seems (to be)no need to go.‎ ‎ There appears to be only one room.‎ 即学即用 ‎ I ______ it as a basic principle of the company ‎ ‎ that supplies of raw materials should be given a ‎ fair price for their products. (2008·江西，25)‎ ‎ A．make B．look C．take D．think ‎ 解析：句意为：把……当做，看做。take...as符合题意。‎ ‎ think 应为think of...as。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎ The fact that she never apologized ______ a lot ‎ about what kind of person she is.‎ ‎ (2008· 山东，28)‎ ‎ A．says B．talks C．appears D．declares ‎53‎ 解析：句意：她从来不道歉这个事实说明她是怎样一个人。‎ ‎ say的意思是说明，表明say a lot about也是一个短语，‎ ‎ 意思是说明什么。‎ ‎ 答案：A ‎2．She was standing with a book in her hands near the poetry ‎ section.‎ ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ with a book in her hands 是with的复合结构，其结构 ‎ 是 “with＋宾语＋宾补 ”，这一结构在句中常作定语或 ‎ 状语，作宾补的可以是介词短语，现在分词，过去分词，‎ ‎ 形容词，副词，动词不定式等，其基本结构如下：‎ ‎ with＋n./pron.＋介词短语 ‎ with＋n./pron.＋副词 with＋n./pron.＋不定式 ‎ with＋n./pron.＋现在分词 ‎ with＋n./pron.＋过去分词 ‎ with＋n./pron.＋形容词 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ He sat there with a smile on his face.‎ ‎ 他微笑着坐在那里。‎ ‎ She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass ‎ ‎ on both sides.‎ ‎ 她看见一条两边是红花和绿草的小溪。‎ ‎ The street was quiet with no buses running.‎ ‎ 街上静悄悄的，没有汽车行驶。‎ ‎ In came a man with his hands tied back.进来一个人，‎ ‎ 手绑在背后。‎ She sat there with her head bent. ‎ ‎ 她坐在那里，低着头。‎ ‎ He wore a shirt，with the neck open，showing his ‎ bare chest.他穿着一个开领衬衣，露着胸膛。‎ ‎ Don’t sleep with the window open.不要开着窗睡觉。‎ ‎ 即学即用 ‎ Now that we’ve discussed our problem，are people ‎ ‎ happy with the decisions ____？ (2009·全国Ⅰ，35)‎ ‎ A．taking B．Take C．Taken D．to take ‎ With the world changing fast，we have something ‎ ‎ new ______ with all by ourselves every day.‎ ‎ (2009·重庆，29)‎ ‎ A．deal B．Dealt C．to deal D．dealing ‎ 答案： C　 C ‎3.The singing was so loud that I could even recognize the song！‎ ‎ 歌声如此响亮甚至我都能听出是哪首歌！‎ ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ so...that...意为 “如此，以致”，在句中引导结果状语 ‎ 从句，结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词。‎ ‎ I am so angry that I can’t say a word.我是如此生气，‎ ‎ 以至一句话也说不出来。‎ ‎ It is so dark that I dare not go out alone.天如此黑，‎ ‎ 我不敢独自出去。‎ ‎【词语辨析】‎ ‎ so...that/such...that...‎ ‎ (1)so...that结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词；‎ ‎ such...that中的such为形容词，后接名词；‎ ‎ (2)当that前的名词有表示数量多少的many，much，few，‎ ‎ little等修饰时，只能用so，不能用such；‎ ‎ (3)但若名词前的little意为“小(的)”时，则仍用such，‎ ‎ 而不能用so；‎ ‎ (4)当that前是单数可数名词且该名词前有形容词修饰时，‎ ‎ so＋adj.＋a/an可转换为such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.‎ ‎ (5)当that前是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，则必须用 ‎ such；‎ ‎ (6)so＋adj./adv.放到句首时要倒装。‎ ‎【典型例句】‎ ‎ He became so angry that he couldn’t speak.‎ ‎ 他变得如此生气，以致说不出话来。‎ ‎ It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.‎ ‎ 那是一个如此晴朗的日子，所以我们出去散步。‎ ‎ There was so much noise outside that we couldn’t ‎ ‎ hear the teacher.‎ ‎ 外面嘈杂声很大，以致我们不能听到老师的话。‎ ‎ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all ‎ over.‎ ‎ 他跌了那么多的跤，以致全身青一块，紫一块的。‎ ‎ It is such a little sheep that it can’t run fast.‎ ‎ 这只绵羊如此小，以至于它跑不快。‎ She is so good a teacher that we all love her.＝She ‎ is such a good teacher that we all love her.‎ ‎ 她是一位好老师，我们都爱她。‎ ‎ It was such fine weather that they all went shopping. ‎ ‎ 那是个好天气，他们都去购物了。‎ ‎ They are such nice bananas that we would like to eat ‎ them.‎ ‎ 它们是如此好的香蕉，以致我们都想吃它们。‎ ‎ So clearly does he speak English that he can always ‎ make himself understood.‎ ‎ 他说英语如此清晰以至于别人都能听懂。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 1._______ in charge of the shopping center has upset ‎ him for quite some time.‎ ‎ A．Left B．Being left ‎ ‎ C．Having left D．To leave ‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词用法。本空在句中作主语，表示被 ‎ 动含义，因此选B。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎ 2.On March 14，violent crimes of beating，looting and ‎ burning in Lhasa of Tibet broke out，________‎ ‎ innocent people and with more than 300 ________.‎ ‎ A．killed；injured B．killing；injured ‎ C．killed；injuring D．killing；injuring 解析：考查非谓语动词用法。第一空用kill的现在分词作 ‎ 状语表示主动含义和补充说明，第二空用过去分词表示 ‎ “受伤”。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎3.Who would you rather ________ you repair your CD ‎ ‎ player?‎ ‎ A．Help B．Helped C．helping D．to help ‎ 解析：此题还原为You would rather who helped you ‎ ‎ repair your CD player.可知答案为B。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎4.________ nice，the food was all eaten up soon.‎ ‎ A．Tasting B．Taste C．Tasted D．To taste ‎ 解析：taste是系动词，没有被动，答案为A表示原因。‎ ‎ 答案：A ‎5．He ran as fast as he could ________ to catch the ‎ ‎ bus.‎ ‎ A．hope B．to hope C．hoping D．hoped ‎ 解析：其中的现在分词短语hoping to catch the bus用 ‎ 做伴随状语，即尽力跑着，希望能赶上汽车。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎6．He is a man of few words，and seldom speaks until ‎ ________ to.‎ ‎ A．spoken B．speaking C．speak D．be spoken ‎ 解析：此题容易误选B，认为until是介词，后接动词时用 ‎ 动名词形式。until spoken to为until he is spoken to ‎ 之省略。句意为“他是个沉默寡言的人，别人不跟他说话，‎ ‎ 他很少与别人说话”。按英语习惯，一些表示时间、地点、‎ 条件、方式、让步等的状语从句，若主语与主句主语一致， ‎ ‎ 且从句谓语包含动词be，那么可将从句的主语和动词be省略。‎ ‎ 答案：A ‎7．If ________ carefully，the experiment will be ‎ successful.‎ ‎ A．do B．does C．done D．doing ‎ 解析：if it is carefully done的省略形式。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎8．The research is so designed that once ________ ‎ ‎ nothing can be done to change it.‎ ‎ A．begins B．having begun C．beginning D．Begun ‎ 解析：once it is begun的省略形式。‎ ‎ 答案：D ‎9．He suggested the person referred ________ put into ‎ prison.‎ ‎ A．is B．be C．to be D．should be ‎ 解析：referred to过去分词作定语，be put into prison ‎ 是宾语从句的谓语部分。学生由于粗心，容易误选B或者D。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎ ‎ 过去分词 ‎ 过去分词起形容词、副词的作用，在句中作状语、定语、‎ ‎ 表语和宾语补足语。‎ 一、过去分词作状语 ‎1.通常修饰谓语，很多是说明动作发生的背景或情况。‎ ‎ Guided by these principles，they went on with the ‎ work.‎ ‎ 在这些方针的指引下，他们继续进行这项工作。‎ ‎ Delighted with her work，they made her the general ‎ ‎ manager.‎ ‎ 他们很欣赏她的工作，让她当了总经理。 ‎ Encouraged by these successes，they decided to ‎ ‎ expand the business.‎ ‎ 在这些成绩的鼓舞下他们决定扩大经营。‎ ‎ Built in 1192，the bridge is over 700 years old.‎ ‎ 这座桥是1192年修的，已经有七百多年的历史了。‎ ‎ 2.过去分词也可作原因状语 ‎ Influenced by his example，they performed countless ‎ good deeds.‎ ‎ 在他的事迹的影响下，他们做了无数件好事。‎ ‎ Confined to bed，she needed to be waited on in ‎ ‎ everything.‎ ‎ (由于)她卧病在床，什么事都需要人照顾。‎ ‎ He soon fell asleep，exhausted by the journey.‎ ‎ 由于旅途劳累他很快就睡着了。‎ ‎3.过去分词也可作时间状语 ‎ Seen from the hill，the town looks magnificent.‎ ‎ 从山上看这座城市非常漂亮。‎ ‎ This method，tried in areas near Shanghai，resulted ‎ in a marked rise in total production.‎ ‎ 这个办法在上海附近地区试验时总产量有了显著提高。‎ ‎4.过去分词也可作假设的条件状语 ‎ Given closer analysis，we can see this is totally ‎ wrong.‎ ‎ 仔细分析一下，我们可以看出这是完全错误的。‎ ‎ Given better attention，the cabbages could have ‎ ‎ grown better.‎ ‎ 如果管理得好一点，这些大白菜还可以长得更好。‎ ‎ United we stand，divided we fall.‎ ‎ (谚)团结则存，分裂则亡。‎ 二、过去分词作定语 ‎ 过去分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生或没 ‎ 有一定的时间性。‎ ‎ Is this the book recommended by our teacher？‎ ‎ 这是老师推荐的书吗？‎ ‎ A letter posted today will probably reach him the ‎ day after tomorrow.‎ ‎ 今天发的信或许后天他能收到。‎ ‎ We have to pay duties on goods imported from ‎ ‎ abroad.进口商品得交税。‎ ‎ I hate to see letters written in pencil. ‎ ‎ 我讨厌看铅笔写的信。‎ 三、过去分词作表语 ‎ 过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。‎ ‎ The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。‎ ‎ She felt disappointed.她感到很失望。‎ ‎ He seems quite delighted at the idea.‎ ‎ 听了这想法他似乎很激动。‎ ‎ 注意：这种结构和被动语态的区别。被动语态表示一个 ‎ 动作。‎ ‎ It is usually closed at 6.它通常六点关门。‎ ‎ The book was written by a woman.‎ ‎ 这书是一位妇女写的。‎ 四、过去分词作宾语补足语 ‎ She was glad to see her children well taken care ‎ ‎ of in the nursery.‎ ‎ 她很高兴看到孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。‎ ‎ He once heard the song sung in German.‎ ‎ 有一次他听见有人用德语唱了这首歌。‎ ‎ You’d better have your shoes mended.‎ ‎ 你最好还是请人把鞋子修一下。‎ 五、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格 ‎ All books returned at the end of the term，the ‎ library assistant was satisfied.‎ ‎ 所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。‎ ‎ The field ploughed，he began to spread seed.‎ ‎ 地耕好了，他开始撒种子。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．Because of my poor English I’m afraid I can’t ‎ ‎ make myself ________.‎ ‎ A．understand B．to understand ‎ ‎ C．understanding D．understood ‎ 解析：句意：因为我的英语很差，我恐怕不能使人理解。‎ ‎ make oneself understood固定搭配。‎ ‎ 答案：D ‎2．The workers want us ________ together with them.‎ ‎ A．work B．working C．to work D．worked ‎ 解析：句意：工人们想让我们和他们一起工作。want sb.‎ ‎ to do sth.固定句型。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎3．What’s the language ________ in Germany?‎ ‎ A．speaking B．spoken ‎ ‎ C．be spoken D．to speak ‎ 解析：句意：德国说什么语言？language和speak是被动 ‎ 结构，故选B。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎4．________ some officials，Napoleon inspected his ‎ ‎ army.‎ ‎ A．Followed B．Followed by ‎ C．Being followed D．Having been followed by ‎ 解析：句意：在一些官员的陪同下，拿破仑视察了他的 ‎ 部队。Napoleon和officials之间是被动关系，故选B。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎5.Most of the people ________ to the party were famous ‎ scientists.‎ ‎ A．invited B．to invite ‎ ‎ C．being invited D．inviting ‎ 解析：句意：绝大部分被邀请的人是著名的科学家。people ‎ 和invite之间是被动关系，故选A。‎ ‎ 答案：A ‎6．He was disappointed to find his suggestions _____.‎ ‎ A．been turned down B．turned down ‎ C．to be turned down D．to turn down ‎ 解析：句意：知道自己的建议被拒绝，他很失望。本题缺 ‎ 少宾语补足语，suggestions 和 turn down之间是被动关 ‎ ‎ 系，故选B。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎7．Do you know the boy ________ under the big tree?‎ ‎ A．lay B．lain C．Laying D．lying ‎ 解析：句意：你认识躺在大树下的男孩么？句子缺少定 ‎ 语，boy 和lie之间是主谓关系，故用lying作定语。‎ ‎ 答案：D ‎8．—Good morning.Can I help you?‎ ‎ —I’d like to have this package ________，madam.‎ ‎ A．be weighed B．to be weighed ‎ ‎ C．to weigh D．weighed ‎ 解析：句意：——早上好，我能帮你么？——我想称一 ‎ 下这个包裹。句子缺少宾补，package 和 weigh 之间是 ‎ 被动关系，故用D。‎ ‎ 答案：D ‎9．There was a terrible noise ________ the sudden ‎ ‎ burst of light.‎ ‎ A．followed B．following ‎ ‎ C．to be followed D．being followed ‎ 解析：句意：伴随着突然的闪电是一声巨响。noise 和 ‎ follow之间是主动关系，故选B。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎10．________ more attention，the trees could have ‎ ‎ grown better.‎ ‎ A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given ‎ 解析：给予更多的照料，这些树本可以长的更好。trees ‎ ‎ 和 give more attention 之间是被动关系，故选A。‎ ‎ 答案：A ‎ ‎ ‎1．________ a tough job market，fresh graduates are ‎ ‎ dreaming of running their own businesses instead.‎ ‎ A．Facing with B．Faced with ‎ ‎ C．Faced up with D．Facing to ‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。分词的逻辑主语是fresh ‎ graduates，与face with间为被动关系，故用过去分词作 ‎ 状语，用faced with。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎2．If ________ in wet sand，vegetables can remain ‎ ‎ fresh for a long time.‎ ‎ A．being buried B．having buried ‎ ‎ C．buried D．burying 解析：考查非谓语动词。动词bury与句子主语之间构成动 ‎ 宾关系，原句补充完整后为：If they are buried...‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎3．I found her ______ at the desk ______ a letter.‎ ‎ A．sitting；written B．seated；writing ‎ ‎ C．seated；written D．seating；writing ‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。seat为及物动词，不带宾语时，‎ ‎ 用过去分词形式，此句中作宾语补足语，seated相当于 ‎ sitting；现在分词writing作伴随状语。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎4.Nearly half the U．S. workers questioned in a survey ‎ _____ yesterday said they were worried that their ‎ jobs are at risk amid the current economic crisis.‎ ‎ A．having released B．being released ‎ ‎ C．released D．releasing ‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为“昨天公布的一项调查显 ‎ 示，被询问的近一半的美国员工称他们担心眼下的经济危 ‎ 机会危及到自己的工作”。这里是过去分词作定语，修饰 ‎ survey。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎ 警示误区：解决考查非谓语动词的题目时，首先要注意动 ‎ 词与它的逻辑主语之间的主、被动关系。再者，要注意过 ‎ 去分词形式和being done结构的区别。这是一个测试的热 ‎ 点，不要混淆，单纯的过去分词表示完成和被动两层含义，‎ ‎ 而being done结构则表示动作正在进行。 ‎ ‎5．The sale usually takes place outside the house，‎ ‎ with the audience ________ on benches，chairs or ‎ boxes.‎ ‎ A．having seated B．seating ‎ ‎ C．seated D．being seated ‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：促销活动经常在户外进 ‎ 行，观看的人坐在长凳、椅子或箱子上。本句中with的 ‎ 复合结构作状语，即with＋宾语＋宾语补足语。句中应 ‎ 该用seated表状态，故选C。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎ ‎ ‎【例1】 To make members of a team perform better，‎ ‎ the trainer first of all has to know their _____‎ ‎ and weaknesses. ‎ ‎ A．strengths B．benefits ‎ ‎ C．techniques D．values ‎ 【解题方法指导】 考查词义辨析。此处strength表示“优 ‎ 势，优点”，是可数名词。其余三项与weaknesses搭配不 ‎ 恰当。‎ ‎ 答案：A ‎【例2】 —I’ve read another book this week.‎ ‎ —Well，maybe ________ is not how much you read ‎ ‎ but what you read that counts. ‎ ‎ A．this B．that C．there D．it ‎ 【解题方法指导】考查强调结构。该句为“it is ‎ not...but...that”强调结构。此处被强调部分为not ‎ ‎ how much you read but what you read，判断强调结 ‎ 构的关键是去掉It is...that后，句意仍然保持完整。‎ ‎ 答案：D ‎【例3】 —Have you ________ some new ideas?‎ ‎ —Yeah.I’ll tell you later. ‎ ‎ A．come about B．come into ‎ ‎ C．come up with D．come out with ‎ 【解题方法指导】 句意：——你想出了什么新想法吗？‎ ‎ ——噢。以后我会告诉你的。come about发生；come into ‎ 进入，加入；come up with提出；come out with发表、‎ ‎ 公布，根据句意应为“提出”，故选C。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎ 【例4】 You have no idea how she finished the relay ‎ race ______ her foot wounded so much. (2008·福建)‎ ‎ A．for B．when C．with D．while ‎【解题方法指导】 本题考查“with＋名/代＋过去分词”‎ ‎ 这一复合结构。‎ ‎ 答案：C