2019届一轮复习北师大版必修五Unit15Learning单元学案设计（57页word解析版）

2019届一轮复习北师大版必修五Unit15Learning单元学案设计（57页word解析版）

‎2019届一轮复习北师大版Unit 15 Learning单元学案设计 一、刷黑板—— Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写] ‎ ‎1．arrow n．　　　　　　　　 箭 ‎2．oxygen n. 氧气，氧 ‎3．tick vt. 打勾做记号 ‎4．ox n. 牛，公牛 ‎5．spelling n. 拼写 ‎6．jar n. 罐子，坛子 ‎7．*lump n. 块，团 ‎8．throat n. 咽喉，喉咙　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第二屏听写] ‎ ‎9．postage n．　　　　　 　　 邮费 ‎10．airmail n. 航空邮政 ‎11．user n. 使用者 ‎12．alphabet n. 字母表 ‎13．drill n. 练习，训练 ‎14．motto n. 座右铭，格言 ‎15．loose adj. (指言行等)不严谨的，放荡的 ‎16．loose conduct 行为不检点，品行不端　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第三屏听写] ‎ ‎17．receiver n．　　　　　　 接收者 ‎18．backwards adv. 由后向前地 ‎19．angle n. 角 ‎20．triangle n. 三角形 ‎21．atom n. 原子 ‎22．powder n. 火药 ‎23．flame n. 火焰，火舌 ‎24．spit vi. 吐痰，吐口水　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第四屏听写] ‎ ‎25．status n．　　　　 　　　 现状；社会地位 ‎26．chief adj. 最高级别的 ‎27．saying n. 格言，谚语 ‎28．drag vt. 拖，拉 ‎29．acid n. 酸 ‎30．onion n. 洋葱 ‎31．spy n. 间谍，特务 ‎32．glue n. 胶，胶水　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第五屏听写] ‎ ‎33．fellow n．　　　　　 　　 同伴 ‎34．fellow students 同学 ‎35．bureaucratic adj. 官僚的 ‎36．kingdom n. 王国 ‎37．biochemistry n. 生物化学 ‎38．choir n. 合唱队，合唱团 ‎39．*image n. 比喻；景象，形象 ‎40．civilisation n. 文明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第六屏听写] ‎ ‎1．correction n．　　　　　　 改正，改进 ‎2．simplify vt. 简化 ‎3．secure adj. 稳定的；无忧无虑的 ‎4．*frankly adv. 真诚地，坦率地 ‎5．frankly_speaking_ 坦率地说 ‎6．lay_off_ 裁员；解雇 ‎7．blank adj. 空白的 ‎8．suspect v. 怀疑　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第七屏听写] ‎ ‎9．instruct v．　　　　　　　 指导，教导 ‎10．aside adv. 在一边，向一边 ‎11．aside_from 除……之外 ‎12．bury vt. 埋葬 ‎13．distinguish vt. 区别，辨别 ‎14．conservative adj. 保守的，旧式的 ‎15．assignment n. 作业；工作，任务 ‎16．alternative adj. 非传统的；另类的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第八屏听写] ‎ ‎17．punishment n．　　　 　　 惩罚，处罚 ‎18．reputation n. 名声，名誉 ‎19．slight adj. 微小的，少量的 ‎20．obey vt. 服从，听从 ‎21．mild adj. 温和的 ‎22．pace n. 速度，步速 ‎23．outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的 ‎24．reflect vt. 反映；反射　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第九屏听写] ‎ ‎25．select vt.　　　　 　　　 挑选 ‎26．to_a_certain_extent 在某种程度上 ‎27．misunderstand vt. 误解 ‎28．set_off 使爆炸；引发 ‎29．lack vt. 缺乏，没有 ‎30．access n. (使用或见到的)机会，权利 ‎31．worthwhile adj. 值得努力的 ‎32．acquire vt. 获得，得到　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第十屏听写] ‎ ‎33．be_accustomed_to　　　　 习惯于 ‎34．thinking_ n. 思考，考虑 ‎35．worthy adj. 值得的 ‎ ‎36．religion n. 宗教 ‎37．defence_ n. 保卫，保护 ‎38．tend_to 倾向于，往往会 ‎39．ignore vt. 忽视，不顾 ‎40．unwilling adj. 不情愿的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第十一屏听写] ‎ ‎41．assumption n．　　　　 　 假定，假设 ‎42．approve v. 赞成；认可；满意 ‎43．approve_of 赞成，赞许 ‎44．urge_ vt. 力劝，强烈要求 ‎ ‎45．inspire v. 启发，鼓舞 ‎46．conventional_ adj. 传统的，保守的 ‎47．vital_ adj. 极其重要的 ‎48．beneficial_ adj. 有益的，有用的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第十二屏听写] ‎ ‎49．assume vt.　　　　 　　 假定，假设 ‎50．adapt vt. (使)适应 ‎51．as_a_whole 总的来说 ‎52．appreciation n. 欣赏 ‎53．swell v. 被充满；膨胀，肿胀 ‎54．rank n. 职衔 ‎55．pour vt. 灌，倒 ‎56．shadow n. 阴影，影子 ‎57．*facility n. (供特定用途的)场所；设备　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ 二、刷清单—— ‎(一)核心单词 阅读单词 ‎1.drill n．　　　　练习，训练 ‎2.motto n. 座右铭，格言 ‎3.receiver n. 接收者 ‎4.angle n. 角 ‎5.triangle n. 三角形 ‎6.atom n．　原子 ‎7.spit vi. 吐痰，吐口水 ‎8.spy n. 间谍，特务 ‎9.kingdom n. 王国 ‎10.biochemistry n. 生物化学 ‎11.choir n．　合唱队，合唱团 ‎12.oxygen n. 氧气，氧 ‎13.spelling n. 拼写 ‎14.throat n. 咽喉，喉咙 ‎15.postage n. 邮费 表达单词 ‎1.adapt vt.　　　　　使适应 ‎2.conventional_ adj. 传统的，保守的 ‎3.worthy adj. 值得的 ‎ ‎4.punishment n. 惩罚，处罚 ‎5.lack n. 缺乏，没有 ‎6.distinguish vt. 区别，辨别 ‎7.access n. (使用或见到的)机会，权利 ‎8.bury vt. 埋葬 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1.He was buried (埋葬) in the churchyard of St Mary's.‎ ‎2.Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to distinguish (区别，辨别) different social interactions. ‎ ‎3.Compared with homemade handicrafts, machinemade products lack (缺乏) the ‎9.unwilling adj. 不情愿的 ‎10.swell v. 被充满；膨胀，肿胀 ‎11.facility n. (供特定用途的)场所；设备 ‎12.shadow n. 阴影，影子 ‎13.rank_ n. 职衔 ‎14.pour vt. 灌，倒 ‎15.blank adj. 空白的 ‎16.reputation n. 名声，名誉 ‎17.obey vi. 服从，听从 ‎18.outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的 ‎19.acquire vt. 获得，得到 ‎ personal touch.‎ ‎4.With much attention to public health, people now have easy access (机会) to antipoison, so the number of deaths has decreased a lot.‎ ‎5.Oprah behaved badly in her grandmother's care because she was unwilling (不情愿的) to live with her grandmother.‎ ‎6.Human beings will continue to adapt (使适应) to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. ‎ ‎7.Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smartphones defeated conventional (传统的) PCs in sales.‎ ‎8.She believed that as an American treasure the White House was worthy (值得的) of care and impressive presentation.‎ ‎9.Before I had my son, I spent two years working with children with disabilities. I ‎ learned that shouting and threats of punishment (惩罚) would result in a disaster.‎ 拓展单词 ‎1.ignore vt.忽视，不顾→ignorance n．无知 ‎2.suspect v．怀疑→suspicious adj.可疑的→suspicion n．怀疑，嫌疑 ‎3.simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的，易懂的 ‎4.urge vt.力劝，强烈要求→urgent adj.紧急的 ‎5.instruct vt.教导，指导→instruction n．教育，指导→instructive adj.有益的；有教育意义的 ‎6.reflect vt.反映；反射 vi.思考→reflection n．反射；反省；想法 ‎7.worthwhile adj.值得努力的→worthy adj.值得的→worth adj.值得……的 n．价值 ‎8.defence n．保卫，保护→defend v．防御，保卫 ‎9.assumption n．假定，假设 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1.If you want to live a simple life, you need to simplify your mind. (simple)‎ ‎2.I carried the small lantern and walked around the river. The light was reflected in the river. The reflection looked so beautiful.(reflect)‎ ‎3.They assumed that there would be a substitute for the earth but the assumption seemed impossible.(assume)‎ ‎4.Cycling is highly beneficial to our health. That is to say, we can get much benefit from cycling.(benefit)‎ ‎5.I would appreciate it very much if you can give me a hand again. Meanwhile, I want to express my appreciation to you for your helping me before.(appreciate)‎ ‎6.When asked where the ‎ ‎→assume vt.假定，假设 ‎10.inspire v．鼓舞；启发→inspiration n．灵感，鼓舞(激励)人心的人/事→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 ‎11.beneficial adj.有用的，有益的→benefit v．对……有益，受惠n.利益 ‎12.appreciation n．欣赏→appreciate vt.重视，鉴赏，感激 ‎13.approve v．赞成；认可；满意→approval n．赞成；认可；满意 inspiration of her novel came from, she said her father's inspiring words inspired her to write it.(inspire)‎ ‎7.It is worthwhile to travel to Beijing, because many places of interest are well worth visiting. The Great Wall is particularly worthy of being visited.(worth)‎ ‎8.The teacher instructed that all the students should attend the instructive lecture, for the professor's instruction would be of great help to our study.(instruct)‎ ‎(二)常用短语 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.lay_off　　裁员；解雇 ‎2.aside_from 除……之外 ‎3.set_off 使爆炸；引发；出发，动身 ‎4.be_accustomed_to 习惯于 ‎5.approve_of 赞成，赞许 ‎6.as_a_whole 总的来说 ‎7.switch_off 关闭 ‎8.to_a_certain_extent 在某种程度上 ‎9.tend_to 往往会，倾向于 ‎10.frankly_speaking 坦白地说，老实说 ‎11.go_up 上涨，上升 ‎12.to_start_with 首先，第一 ‎13.put_forward 提出 ‎14.in_conclusion 最后，总之 ‎15.go_blank (脑子)一片空白，怎么也想不起来 ‎1.I've been_accustomed_to the life in America. You know, I've been here for five years.‎ ‎2.He wouldn't win the match. To_start_with he lacked experience.‎ ‎3.Her father will never_approve_of her marriage to Jason.‎ ‎4.Frankly_speaking,_I don't think it's a good idea.‎ ‎5.She can speak five foreign languages aside_from English.‎ ‎6.The northern people of China tend_to eat more noodles, while the southern people eat more rice.‎ ‎7.We will set_off in the direction of the mountain tomorrow morning.‎ ‎8.If you don't change your attitude towards the job, you will be laid_off.‎ ‎9.Lily was so nervous that her mind almost went_blank during the College Entrance Examination.‎ ‎10.The proposal put_forward by Dobrindt aims to stop people from breaking traffic rules.‎ ‎(三)经典句式 原句背诵 句式解构 佳句仿写 ‎1.Now I'm about to be about to ‎ graduate from the School of Continuing Education at Qinghua University with a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning.‎ 如今通过远程教育我就要从清华大学继续教育学院毕业了，并会获得该院计算机工程学的学士学位。‎ ‎ do ...“正要做……”，通常与when连用。‎ 我正要放弃这时我父亲过来鼓励我继续。‎ I was_about_to_give_up_when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.‎ ‎2.In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he would have had no chance of getting a degree.‎ 在过去，如果像我这样未能通过大学考试上大学，那么他就没有机会获得学位了。‎ if 引导的虚拟条件句。‎ 如果你来得早些，你就能赶上那辆公共汽车了。‎ If you had come earlier, you would_have_caught the bus.‎ ‎3.I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.‎ 我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。‎ It is/was time (that) ... did/should do ... ‎ ‎“是……的时候了”。‎ 是当地政府采取措施保护环境的时候了。‎ It's_time_that the local government should_take/took_measures to protect the environment.‎ ‎4.So many people think that after you retire, all you can do 不带to的动词不定式作表语。‎ ‎ is switch off your brain and bury everything you've ever learnt.‎ 许多人认为一旦退休，你所能做的事就是把大脑关闭，把你曾经所学的东西埋掉。‎ 在我看来，我们所能做的一切就是耐心等待。‎ As far as I'm concerned, all_we_can_do_is_just_wait patiently.‎ ‎5.Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion！‎ 有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见！‎ wish后的从句常用虚拟语气。‎ 另外，我多么希望班里没有太多的学生。‎ Besides, I wish_there_would_not_be too many students in a class.‎ ‎(四)初中考点再回顾 高频考查类——记熟 文化差异类——辨清 易忘易错类——勤览 ‎1.have problems in doing sth.做某事有困难 ‎2.have problems with 在某方面有问题 ‎3.have trouble (in) doing sth.‎ ‎ 做某事有困难 ‎4.have trouble with sth.在某方面有麻烦/困难 ‎5.keep fit 保持健康 ‎1.a 46yearold husband and father一位46岁的丈夫和父亲 ‎2.sixteenyearolds 十六岁的青少年 ‎3.a threehour walk 步行三个小时的距离 ‎4.word by word 逐字逐句地 ‎5.the secret to language learning ‎ 语言学习的秘密 ‎1.rock band　摇滚乐队 ‎2.country music 乡村音乐 ‎3.costume party 化装舞会 ‎4.help yourself to ‎ 随便吃/拿……‎ ‎5.五种感官系动词 look/seem 看起来 sound 听起来 feel 摸起来 ‎6.kind of 有点儿 ‎6.pick sb. up 接某人 taste 尝起来 smell 闻起来 一、过重点单词—— ‎1．suspect v．怀疑；猜疑(通常不用于进行时)‎ n．[C]嫌疑犯，可疑分子 ‎[教材原句]　I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry.‎ 我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉咙哽咽，并且想哭。‎ ‎(1)suspect sb./sth. to be ＋ n．/adj. 怀疑/猜想某人(某物)为……‎ suspect sb. of (doing) sth.　　 怀疑某人(做过)某事 ‎(2)suspicious adj. 可疑的，令人怀疑的 be suspicious of/about sth. 对某事怀疑 ‎(3)suspicion n. 怀疑，猜疑 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The boss suspected him of taking the computer away from the company.‎ ‎②Deer Elk, suspected of conducting (conduct) a series of deadly bombings in Algiers last year，was arrested by the police last week.‎ ‎③Some of his colleagues at work became suspicious (suspect) of his behaviour.‎ 单句改错 ‎④They suspect him for giving false evidence and want to ask him the reason.for→of 句型转换 ‎⑤I suspect that he is the pickpocket.‎ ‎→I suspect him to be the pickpocket.‎ ‎2．instruct vt.指导，教导；指示，命令；告知，通知 ‎[教材原句]　I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.‎ 我让我外孙教我如何发电子邮件和使用互联网，我确实喜欢那种传送信息和得到答复的速度。‎ ‎(1)instruct sb. to do ...　 命令某人做……‎ instruct sb. in sth. 教授/传授某人某事 instruct that sb. (should) do sth. 命令某人做某事 ‎(2)instruction n. [C]用法说明，操作指南；指示；命令；[U]指导；讲授 ‎(3)instructive adj. 有益的，有教育意义的；指导性的 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He was instructed to_act (act) with extreme caution.‎ ‎②Great effort is needed to instruct children_in road safety.‎ ‎③It is the most instructive (instruct) lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.‎ 单句改错 ‎④Read the instruction on the bottle before you take the medicine.instruction→instructions ‎⑤He instructed that a wall must be built around the city.must→should或去掉must 一句多译 经理命令我快速把文档打印出来。‎ ‎⑥My_manager_instructed_me_to_type_the_document_quickly.(instruct sb. to do)‎ ‎⑦My_manager_instructed_me_in_typing_the_document_quickly.(instruct sb. in)‎ ‎⑧My_manager_instructed_that_I_(should)_type_the_document_quickly.(instruct that)‎ ‎3．distinguish vt.区别，辨别；使具有某种特征 ‎[教材原句]　If the room hadn't been dark, he would have distinguished the two pictures.‎ 如果房间不是太暗的话，他就会辨认出那两张照片了。‎ ‎(1)distinguish ... from ...　　 将……与……区别开 distinguish between ... and ...(＝tell the difference between ... and) 区分……和……‎ distinguish oneself (as ...) (作为……)表现突出 ‎(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for (＝be famous for) 因……而出名 distinguishing adj. 有区别的 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Notice the distinguishing (distinguish) marks of the female spider.‎ ‎②One of the keys to successful time management is prioritizing tasks and distinguishing optional activities_from the essential. ‎ ‎③As is known to us, he is distinguished_for his knowledge of science.‎ 单句改错 ‎④Honestly speaking, I admire your distinguishing achievements.‎ distinguishing→distinguished 完成句子 ‎⑤It could make it hard for people to distinguish_between_virtual_reality_and_reality.‎ 区分虚拟的现实和现实对人们来说那可能是难的。‎ ‎4．lack vt.缺乏，没有n.缺乏，不足；短缺的东西 ‎[高考佳句]　They lack physical exercise and the skill to communicate face to face with their friends or parents.(2014·重庆高考写作) ‎ 他们缺乏体育锻炼和面对面地与朋友或父母进行沟通的技巧。‎ ‎(1)lack sth.　　 　　　　 缺乏/少某物(没有被动语态)‎ lack for 需要，需求(常用于否定句)‎ ‎(2)(a) lack of ... 缺乏……‎ for/through lack of 因缺乏……‎ ‎(3)lacking adj. 缺少的，不足的(不置于名词前)‎ be lacking in sth. 缺少某物 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Controlled by anxiety, you will feel a lack of security and confidence.‎ ‎②More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.‎ 单句改错 ‎③It is obvious that Tom is lacking of common sense.‎ of→in 一句多译 因为缺钱，他们没准时完成工作。‎ ‎④Lacking_money,_they_could_not_finish_their_work_on_time._‎ ‎⑤Lacking_in_money，they_could_not_finish_their_work_on_time._‎ ‎⑥They_could_not_finish_their_work_on_time_because_they_lack_money.‎ ‎⑦They_could_not_finish_their_work_on_time_for/through_lack_of_money.‎ ‎5．access n．入口，通路；(使用或见到的)机会，权利 ‎[教材原句]　The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn.‎ 作为老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时走进他们的思想。‎ ‎(1)gain/obtain/get/have access to 有权进入/使用……，拥有……的机会 have no access to 没有……的机会；无法接近 give access to 接见；准许进入(接近)‎ ‎(2)accessible adj. 易到达的，易接近的 be accessible to 对……而言容易接近的；可靠近的；容易进入的 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The remote desert area is accessible (access) only by helicopter.‎ ‎②We can have access to various information we need through the screen.‎ 完成句子 ‎③I have been allowed to gain_access_to their living environment.‎ 我被获准进入他们的居住环境。‎ ‎④Women have_no_access_to_obtaining_education in old days.‎ 古代女性没有受教育的机会。‎ ‎⑤Medicine should not be kept where it_is_accessible_to_children.‎ 药品不应该放在孩子容易接近的地方。‎ ‎6．worthwhile adj.值得(做)的(可作表语、定语或补语)‎ ‎[教材原句]　And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile.‎ 如果我作为老师所做的能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。‎ ‎(1)worthwhile常用的结构：‎ It's worthwhile＋　做某事是值得的 ‎(2)worth常用的结构：‎ be worth＋ ‎(3)worthy常用的结构：‎ be worthy＋　……值得做 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Their achievements are worthy of the highest praise.‎ ‎②Qingdao is a beautiful place.It's worthwhile going/to_go (go) there.‎ 单句改错 ‎③It's very worth making effort to learn how to drive.very→well ‎④The picture is worthy at least twenty pounds.worthy→worth 一句多译 张艺谋拍摄的那部电影很值得看。‎ ‎⑤The_film_produced_by_Zhang_Yimou_is_well_worth_seeing.‎ ‎(be worth doing)‎ ‎⑥The_film_produced_by_Zhang_Yimou_is_well_worthy_of_being_seen.(be worthy of being done)‎ ‎⑦The_film_produced_by_Zhang_Yimou_is_well_worthy_to_be_seen.(be worthy to be done)‎ ‎⑧It_is_well_worthwhile_seeing/to_see_the_film_produced_by_Zhang_Yimou.(it is worthwhile doing/to do)‎ ‎7．approve vi.赞成；认可；同意vt.批准 ‎[高考佳句]　What about your opinion？Do you approve of me?‎ ‎ Looking forward to your reply.(2015·重庆高考写作)‎ 你的意见如何？你赞同我的观点吗？期待你的答复。‎ ‎(1)approve of　　　　　　　　 赞成，赞许 approve of sb. doing sth. 同意某人做某事 approve of (one's) doing ... 赞同/支持(某人)做……‎ approve (doing) sth. 批准(做)某事 ‎(2)approval n. 同意；批准 meet with sb.'s approval 得到某人的批准 win/earn sb.'s approval 取得某人的同意/赞成 give approval to ... 批准 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①She would never do anything that was not approved of by her parents.‎ ‎②By doing well at school he hoped to win/earn his parents' approval (approve)．‎ ‎③I approve of your trying (try) to make some money, but please don't neglect your studies.‎ 单句改错 ‎④She didn't give approval with her daughter going out at night.with→to ‎⑤Our school does not approve of students wear too long hair.wear→wearing 一句多译 他不同意我今年离开学校。‎ ‎⑥He_doesn't_approve_of_me_leaving_school_this_year.‎ ‎(approve of sb. doing sth.)‎ ‎⑦He_doesn't_give_approval_to_my_leaving_school_this_year.‎ ‎(give approval to ...)‎ ‎⑧I_don't_meet_with_his_approval_to_leave_school_this_year. ‎ ‎(meet with sb.'s approval)‎ ‎8．urge vt.力劝；催促；强烈要求n.强烈的欲望，冲动 ‎[教材原句]　At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison.‎ 起初，人们赞同他的研究并力劝他继续进行，但是后来当他证实亚里士多德是错误的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。‎ ‎[练牢基点]　写出下列句中urge的词性和含义 ‎①The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.n.强烈的欲望 ‎②We all urged sticking to the four fundamental principles.vt.强烈要求 ‎③I strongly urge that you should give up smoking.vt.力劝 ‎[系统考点]‎ ‎(1)urge sb.to do/into doing sth. 　 强烈要求某人做某事 urge sth.on/upon sb. 向某人强调某事 urge that sb.(should) do sth. 极力主张某人做某事 It is urged that ...(should) do sth. 坚决要求……‎ ‎(2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的强烈欲望 ‎(3)urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的 urgency n. 紧急的事 ‎[练通重点]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎④People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge others into voting (vote) for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”．‎ ‎⑤A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to_study (study) harder and get better grades. ‎ ‎⑥It is urged that immediate action (should)_be_taken (take) to prevent such a thing happening again.‎ ‎⑦He has a constant urge to_check (check) for text messages — he checks his phone every five minutes.‎ ‎⑧The attack added a new urgency (urge) to the peace talks.‎ 句型转换 ‎⑨Our teacher urges us to study hard with the exam drawing near.‎ ‎→It is urged that we study hard with the exam drawing near.‎ ‎9．assume vt.假定，假设；认为 ‎[教材原句]　Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth?‎ 为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？‎ ‎(1)assume sb./sth.to be　　　 假定/假设某人/某事为 It is assumed that ... 人们认为……‎ ‎(2)assumption n．　　　　　　　 假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 on the assumption that ... 假定……；在假定……的情况下 ‎(3)assuming (that) ... 假设/假定……‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①We must assume him to_be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.‎ ‎②It is generally assumed (assume) that stress is caused by too much work.‎ ‎③I hope to go to college next year, assuming (assume) that I pass the exam.‎ ‎④We are working on the assumption (assume) that everyone invited will turn up.‎ 单句改错 ‎⑤A lot of people make assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.make后加an_‎ ‎⑥Assumed that you are right, we'll make a great deal of money from the project.Assumed→Assuming 句式升级 ‎⑦People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.‎ ‎→It_is_assumed_that_what_people_do_has_little_effect_on_the_environment.(用it作形式主语改写句子)‎ ‎[联想发散]‎ 在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上可直接用作介词或连词。这一类词有：‎ ‎①supposing conj.　　　　　　　　 假设；假如 ‎②provided/providing conj. 假设；如果 ‎③given prep. 鉴于；考虑到 ‎④considering prep.& conj. 鉴于；考虑到 ‎⑤concerning prep. 关于 ‎⑥including prep. 包括；包含 ‎ ‎10．adapt vt.使适应；改编，改造 ‎[教材原句]　For a start, it would be hard adapting to a new culture.‎ 一开始，适应新的文化会有困难。‎ ‎(1)adapt (oneself) to　 使……适应于……，适应(to是介词)‎ ‎(2)adapt sth.for sth. 改编为 adapt sth.from 根据……改编某物 be adapted from 由……而改编 ‎(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编(本)‎ ‎(4)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The children are finding it difficult to adapt to their new school.‎ ‎②After graduating from college, I gradually adapted myself to living (live) on my own.‎ ‎③The play is adapted from a famous novel.‎ ‎④As far as I know, he is going to adapt his book for beginners.‎ ‎⑤I hold the firm belief that she will deal with the changes very well, because she is very adaptable (adapt)．‎ 完成句子 ‎⑥When you go to a new country, you must adapt_yourself_to_new manners and custom.‎ 当你到一个新的国家时，你必须使自己适应新的礼仪和风俗习惯。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We can have easily access to information available than other messaging tools.‎ ‎2．The government urged that every effort (should)_be_made (make) to bring down house prices.‎ ‎3．Assuming (assume) that it is true, we should take immediate measures to deal with it.‎ ‎4．A professional English teacher can give you oneonone instruction (instruct) that will help you understand the rules of English.‎ ‎5．Tom is distinguished (distinguish) for his good knowledge of literature.‎ ‎6．Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is worthy to_be_experienced (experience)．‎ ‎7．What's worse, it took me long to adapt myself to the new environment. ‎ ‎8．Because she was lacking (lack) of training, she was afraid of making an exhibition of herself.‎ ‎9．They became suspicious (suspect) of his behaviour and contacted the police.‎ ‎10．Her father will never approve of her marrying to Tom.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．They all urged that he would apologize to her for what he had said.去掉would或would→should ‎2．Would you please make up a topic worth discuss in tomorrow's conference？discuss→discussing ‎3．With him instructed us, we finished it easily.instructed→instructing ‎4．Is she lacking for willpower to achieve her goals？for→in ‎5．The only access into the farmhouse is across the field.into→to Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1．Despite his lack_of_experience,_he still got the job.‎ 他虽然经验不足，但还是得到了这份工作。‎ ‎2．Research suggests that babies learn to see by distinguishing_between_areas_of_light_and_dark.‎ 研究表明婴儿通过辨别光亮和黑暗的区域来学会看东西。‎ ‎3．It_is_generally_assumed_that people are motivated by success.‎ 大多数人认为成功会推动人的积极性。‎ ‎4．During the onemonth stay, I had to_adapt_myself_to their American lifestyle and help them understand the best part of Chinese culture.‎ 在一个月的生活中，我必须适应美国的生活方式并帮助他们理解中国文化的精髓。‎ ‎5．It_is_urged_that_immediate_action_(should)_be_taken to prevent such a thing happening again.‎ 人们极力主张应该立刻采取措施阻止这样的事情再次发生。‎ 二、过短语、句式—— ‎1．lay off解雇；裁员；停止 ‎[教材原句]　Three months ago, when my manager told me that I would be laid off, my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.‎ 三个月前，当经理告诉我我将被解雇时，我大脑一片空白，怒火满腔。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①lay down　　　　　　　　　 放下；声明，阐述 ‎②lay aside 把……放在一边；储存(某物)待用/备用 ‎③lay out 展开，铺开；布置；花费 ‎④lay the blame on 责备，责怪 ‎⑤lay stress on 强调 ‎[应用领悟]‎ ‎①The car factory is going to lay off around 150 workers because of the drop in sales.‎ 由于销售量的下降，汽车厂打算裁大约150名工人。‎ ‎②Grace laid out the knives and forks at the lunch table.‎ 格雷丝把刀叉摆放在午餐桌上。‎ ‎③I think you'd better lay aside fatty foods for a while.‎ 我认为你最好暂时别吃油腻的食物。‎ ‎2．be accustomed to习惯于(表示状态)‎ ‎[经典例句]　She was a person accustomed to having eight hours' sleep a night.(牛津P13)‎ 她是那种习惯每晚睡八个小时的人。‎ ‎(1)be accustomed/used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事　　　‎ get/become accustomed to (doing) sth. 变得适应了(做)某事 ‎(2)accustom vt. 使……习惯于……‎ accustom oneself to ... 使自己习惯于……‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I get accustomed to_working inside the room of noise and excitement.‎ ‎②As we all know, English people are accustomed/used to driving ‎ (drive) on the left.‎ ‎③He quickly accustomed himself (he) to this new way of life.‎ 句式升级 He was accustomed to the custom and didn't want to change it.‎ ‎④Accustomed_to_the_custom,_he_didn't_want_to_change_it.‎ ‎(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)‎ ‎⑤Accustoming_himself_to_the_custom,_he_didn't_want_to_change_it.(用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)‎ ‎3．set off出发，动身；(使)爆炸，引爆；燃放；引发；衬托 ‎[教材原句]　I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off.‎ 我记得他让我把一些粉末倒入火箭，然后让另一个学生点火使火箭发射出去。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中set off的含义 ‎①We must take care to get the right kind of frame to set off the picture.衬托 ‎②The boys like to set off fireworks.燃放 ‎③If you drop a lighted cigarette, it will set off a fire.引起，引发 ‎④If you want to catch that train you'd better set off for the station immediately.出发，动身 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ set about doing ...＝set out to do ...　 着手做……‎ set out for ...　　　　　 动身去……‎ set up 建起，竖起；建立；提出(意见)‎ set aside 搁置一边；省钱，存钱 set down 写下，记下 Hearing the news, they immediately set out for the railway station.‎ 他们一听到这个消息，就立即出发去火车站了。‎ The school has set up a special class to help those poor learners.‎ 为了帮助那些贫困生，学校已经成立了一个特殊的班级。‎ As soon as she arrived, she set about tidying up the room.‎ 她一来到，就着手清理房间。‎ ‎4．It is/was time (that) ...‎ I decided that it_was_time_I_became an Internet user.‎ 我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。‎ ‎(1)It is/was (high/about) time (that)．..“该做……的时候了”，从句中谓语动词用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”(should不可以省略)。‎ ‎(2)It's time (for sb.) to do sth.‎ 该是(某人)做……的时候了 ‎(3)It/This is/was the＋序数词＋ time (that) ...‎ ‎“这是第一/二/三……次做某事了”，从句用完成时态 ‎①It's high time that we realized/should_realize (realize) how serious the pollution is and took/should_take (take) action to stop it.‎ 现在到了我们意识到污染的严重性并采取行动阻止污染的时候了。‎ ‎②Stop chatting! It's time for us to_study (study) hard.‎ 停止闲谈！到我们努力学习的时间了。‎ ‎③It is the first time that I have_been_scolded (scold) by my parents.‎ 这是我第一次受到父母的责备。‎ ‎5．wish虚拟语气 Sometimes I_wish_I_could_phone him and ask for his opinion!‎ 有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见！‎ wish后跟宾语从句时常用虚拟语气，表达不太现实或不太可能实现的愿望。wish后面宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：‎ 从句谓语动词 ‎①He wishes Mary were (be) here to share his success.‎ 他真希望Mary在这里分享他的成功。‎ ‎②I didn't learn to play any instrument when I was at school.I wish I had_learned (learn) to play the guitar.‎ 当我上学的时候我没有学习弹奏任何乐器。我真希望我学弹奏吉他了。‎ ‎③My mother wishes that my father wouldn't_drink (not drink) any longer.‎ 我母亲希望父亲不要再喝酒了。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I'm accustomed to listening (listen) to some light music before sleep.‎ ‎2．Nichols set off_for his farmhouse in the countryside yesterday.‎ ‎3．I wish that I were (be) a bird and could fly freely in the sky.‎ ‎4．The company was deeply in debt and some employees were laid off.‎ ‎5．One day, I was about to do some shopping when he telephoned me.‎ ‎6．It's high time that you went/should_go (go) home to see your parents.‎ Ⅱ.翻译句子 ‎1．因为销售额的下降，他们下岗了。(lay off)‎ They_were_laid_off_because_of_the_drop_in_sales._‎ ‎2．虽然他住在市中心，但他习惯了噪音。(be accustomed to )‎ He_is_accustomed_to_noise,_though_he_lives_in_the_center_of_the_city.‎ ‎3．我多么希望昨晚和你一起看那场电影。(wish虚拟语气)‎ I_wish_that_I_had_gone_with_you_to_see_the_film_last_night.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换/句式升级 ‎1．He sets about doing his homework after supper every day.‎ ‎→He_sets out to do his homework after supper every day.‎ ‎2．No one aside from her husband knew about her job.‎ ‎→No one but/except her husband knew about her job.‎ ‎3．It's time for us to take action to protect our environment.‎ ‎→It's_time_that_we_took/should_take_action_to_protect_our_environment.(用“it's time that ...”改写)‎ 三、过语法、写作—— ‎(一)单元小语法 ‎　　——虚拟语气 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Without electricity, our life would_be (be) quite different today.‎ ‎2．I am a poor man now. If I had money, I would_buy (buy) a large house.‎ ‎3．If she had been more careful, she wouldn't_have_made (not make) these mistakes in the exam.‎ ‎4．My teacher suggested that we (should)_read (read) more if we want to improve our English.‎ ‎5．The picture exhibition turned out to be very interesting; if only I had_visited (visit) it.‎ ‎6．My brother graduated from college half a year ago and it is high time that he found/should_find (find) a job.‎ ‎7．If we should come tomorrow, we would_meet (meet) the general manager.‎ ‎8．We would_have_put (put) John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.‎ ‎9．If you had_taken (take) my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now.‎ ‎10．The requirement is that every student (should)_donate (donate) one or two books.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．I only wish the house was a little warmer.was→were ‎2．If she was here this evening, we would play cards.was→were ‎3．If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would have known what to do now.have_known→know ‎4．Were he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.Were→Had ‎5．His proposal that they took immediate measures sounds reasonable. took→take Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1．I should not have laughed if I_had_thought_ you were serious.‎ 我本不应该笑的，如果想到你是严肃的。‎ ‎2．If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he would_be able to speak it much better now.‎ 如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语，那么现在他就能说得更好了。‎ ‎3．I would_have_come sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.‎ 我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。‎ ‎4．Teachers recommend that parents (should)_not_allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.‎ 老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。‎ ‎5．I do wish I could_come_to_attend_your_party tonight.‎ 我多么希望能去参加你今晚的晚会啊。‎ ‎(二)课堂微写作 ‎　　练补写——让行文更条理 ‎[题目要求]‎ 假如你是李华。本学期你校开设了英语口语课，由于你不太适应外教Chris的授课，你决定给她写一封求助信。词数100左右。‎ ‎[补写提示]　请按提示线索补写下列习作的中间段落 Dear Chris，‎ I am Li Hua, one of your students in Oral English class.I am writing to seek help from you.‎ 告诉她你的困难→求助的内容(推荐一些听力材料，周末和她一起练习口语等)→希望得到帮助 I would be grateful if you could lend me a helping hand.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[答案示例]‎ Dear Chris，‎ I am Li Hua, one of your students in Oral English class. I am writing to seek help from you.‎ You know, I come from a junior high school in the countryside, where teachers don't speak much English in class. That is why I am not good at listening or speaking. Now I find it really hard to follow you in class. I hope you can recommend some listening materials to me so that I can improve my listening after class. Besides, could I practice speaking with you for half an hour at weekends at your convenient time? I think it can help me improve my spoken English.‎ I would be grateful if you could lend me a helping hand.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ A WELCOME TO THE RONALD REAGAN PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM Visit the limitedtime “Interactive! The Exhibition” at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum and save more than 30% on museum admission tickets with an audio tour.‎ WHEN Through Feb. 28, 2017‎ WHAT'S INCLUDED ‎＄19(reg. ＄28) ... Admission for one person to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum, including “Interactive! The Exhibition” with an audio tour. Please note: the virtual reality (虚拟现实) experience will be an additional cost and participants must be 10 years old or above.‎ WHY WE LOVE IT ‎•The exhibition is a handson experience focusing on movies, TV, music and the arts ‎•Experience virtual reality,1980s video games, robots, 3D printing ‎•Climb aboard Air Force One, view the expensive comfortable presidential car and a Marine One helicopter ‎•Explore Reagan's legacy (遗产): Step into an Oval Office copy and see a piece of the Berlin Wall ‎•The audio tour has more than 50 stops and original material not copied in the exhibits WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW This is a seasonspecific event. All sales are final. No refunds (退款) or exchanges. Not valid after the expiration date. Valid any regular museum operating day through Feb. 28,2017. Museum hours are 10‎ ‎ a．m.－5 p．m., seven days a week. Valid for one person. Cannot combine with other offers. Must use in one visit. Tickets include admission to “Interactive! The Exhibition” and the entire museum's galleries and grounds.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了罗纳德·里根总统图书馆和博物馆的开放时间、游览内容、票价优惠等信息。‎ ‎21．What can visitors do while visiting the library and museum?‎ A．Fly on Air Force One.‎ B．Experience virtual reality for free.‎ C．Approach technology of different times.‎ D．Learn about the president's daily routine.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据WHY WE LOVE IT部分中的“Experience virtual reality, 1980s video games, robots, 3D printing”可知，在参观该地时，游客可以体验虚拟现实、20世纪80年代的电子游戏、机器人以及3D打印，即他们可以体验不同时期的科技。故选C。‎ ‎22．What does the author say about the admission ticket?‎ A．It can be enjoyed with other offers.‎ B．It allows limitless visits to the museum.‎ C．It isn't accessible to children.‎ D．It cannot be changed once sold.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“All sales are final. No refunds (退款) or exchanges”可知，所有的门票出售都是最终的、不可改变的，不提供退款或更换服务。故选D。‎ ‎23．What type of writing is this passage?‎ A．A notice.　　　　　　　 　B．An official report.‎ C．An advertisement. D．A tour review.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章的形式和内容可以判断出，本文是有关罗纳德·里根总统图书馆和博物馆的广告。故选C。‎ B ‎(2018·湖南省重点名校联考)There were many famous poets from different periods of time in Chinese history, and thousands of their poems are still read and appreciated today.‎ To arouse people's interest in those classic Chinese poems and promote cultural heritage, China Central Television (CCTV) produced a TV show — Chinese Poetry Conference.The finale (终场) of the hit show's second season was shown on Feb.7.‎ Wu Yishu, 16, who studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan University in Shanghai, came out on top.In an earlier episode (一集), Wu wowed the audience when performing in a section entitled “Feihualing”．The game's theme was “yue”，meaning “moon” or “month” in Chinese.She recited the lines from the Classic of Poetry, the earliest collection of poems in China：“In July, the crickets (蟋蟀) are in the field.In August, they are in the yard.In September they are at the door.In October, they enter and crawl under our beds.”‎ ‎“I really admire her knowledge of poems，” said Huang Zijin, 16, a Senior 2 student from Ningbo High School in Zhejiang Province.“The first time I saw her wearing traditional Han clothing on TV, I was very impressed by her classical looks.She fulfills all my fantasies about classic Chinese women's talents.What's more, she always appears so calm throughout the show, which is very unusual for her age.”‎ As the old saying goes, “One who is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance.”‎ ‎“Learning poems isn't about winning or losing.The power of poetry lies in shaping one's view of life and developing one's inner world，” said Li Bo, an expert guest at the Chinese Poetry Conference's second season.‎ When it comes to teaching people about poetry, Li Dingguang, the show's academic advisor, suggested that teachers should explain more about the beauty of the poetry from both the aesthetic (美学的) and emotional sides, and guide the students to lose themselves in the poems' rhythmic (有节奏的) and rhyming lines.‎ ‎“Although the amount of ancient Chinese poetry in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased, many students still learn them for exams，” Li Dingguang told China.org.cn.“Therefore, it's important to help students truly appreciate the artistry and fun of poetry.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。中国诗词源远流长，至今仍为世人传诵。为发扬中国文化，提高人们对中国古诗的兴趣，中央电视台制作并播出了《中国诗词大会》节目，中学生武亦姝以其特有的魅力征服了观众。‎ ‎24．What's one of the purposes of the TV show Chinese Poetry Conference?‎ A．To entertain people by enjoying Chinese poems.‎ B．To see who can recite the most classic Chinese poems.‎ C．To fulfill people's fantasies about Chinese women's talents.‎ D．To make more people interested in classic Chinese poetry.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“To arouse people's interest in those classic Chinese poems and promote cultural ‎ heritage”可知，中央电视台制作并播出《中国诗词大会》的目的是提高人们对中国古诗的兴趣、发扬中国文化，故D项正确。‎ ‎25．From Paragraphs 3 and 4, what can we infer about Wu Yishu?‎ A．She is a talented and elegant Chinese teenager.‎ B．She has learned a large amount of poetry from textbooks.‎ C．She is always calm in the show like other competitors of her age.‎ D．She amazed the audience with the lines from the Classic of Poetry in the finale.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。通读第三段可知，该段介绍了武亦姝以背诵含“月”字的诗词征服了观众；第四段介绍了人们对武亦姝气质和形象的评价：她穿着汉服、文静内秀，给人们留下了深刻的印象。据此可以推断，武亦姝是一个有天赋的、优雅的人，故A项正确。‎ ‎26．According to Li Bo, why do people learn poetry?‎ A．To get good marks in examinations.‎ B．To help build up their inner world.‎ C．To win the Chinese Poetry Conference.‎ D．To appreciate the beauty of rhythm and rhyme.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第六段的“The power of poetry lies in shaping one's view of life and developing one's inner world”可知，郦波认为学习诗歌的目的在于塑造人的人生观和发展人的内心世界，故B项正确。‎ ‎27．What is Li Dingguang's attitude to poetry teaching?‎ A．Doubtful.　　　　　　　 　B．Supportive.‎ C．Critical. D．Casual.‎ 解析：选C　观点态度题。根据最后一段的“Although the amount of ancient Chinese poetry in the textbooks of primary and secondary ‎ schools has increased, many students still learn them for exams”可知，李定广对学校诗歌教学的评价是：尽管教材中诗歌的数量增多了，但是许多学生学习诗歌仅是为了考试。据此可以判断，他对诗歌教学持批评态度，故C项正确。‎ C ‎(2018·辽宁省铁岭市协作体联考)As we all know, behavior and words sometimes are interpreted differently in some countries or areas, which is generally called cultural differences. For example：‎ Shaking the head in a horizontal direction in most countries means “no”， while in India it means “yes”．‎ Showing the thumb held upwards means in Latin America, especially Brazil, and in many other countries, including China, everything is “OK”， while it is understood in some Islamic countries as well as Sardinia and Greece as a rude sign.‎ Laughing is connected in most countries with happiness — in Japan it is often a sign of confusion, insecureness and embarrassment.‎ In the UK and Ireland, the word “compromise” has a positive meaning (an agreement where both parties win something); in the USA it may rather have negative meanings (both parties lose something)．‎ In Mediterranean European countries, Latin America and SubSaharan Africa, it is normal, or at least widely tolerated, to arrive half an hour late for a dinner invitation, but in Germany and Switzerland this would be extremely rude. If invited to dinner, in many Asian countries and Central America, it is wellmannered to leave right after the dinner: the ones who don't leave may indicate they have not eaten enough. In the Indian subcontinent, European and North American ‎ countries this is considered rude, indicating that the guests only wanted to eat but wouldn't enjoy the hosts' company.‎ In Africa, saying to a female friend who you haven't seen for a while that she has put on weight means she is physically healthier than before or had a nice holiday, while this would be considered as an insult (侮辱) in Europe, North America and Australia.‎ 语篇解读：本文为说明文。文章通过列举典型例子的形式讲述了同文化差异相关的一些内容。‎ ‎28．Where does “showing the thumb held upwards” have a bad meaning?‎ A．In Greece. B．In Mexico.‎ C．In China. D．In Brazil.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“... while it is understood in some Islamic countries as well as Sardinia and Greece as a rude sign”可知，将拇指竖起这个手势在希腊被视为一种粗鲁的行为，故A项正确。‎ ‎29．What behavior may be avoided in the USA?‎ A．Arrive half an hour late for dinner.‎ B．Have food left on the plate.‎ C．Leave right after the dinner.‎ D．Eat up the food immediately.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“... In the Indian subcontinent, European and North American countries this is considered rude ...”可知，就餐后马上离开在印度次大陆、欧洲和北美洲是被视为不礼貌的，this指代上文提到的“吃完饭立刻就走”，而美国就是北美洲的国家，故答案为C项。‎ ‎30．What is special about Africa?‎ A．You can express your puzzlement by laughing.‎ B．You can praise women for their gaining weight.‎ C．“Compromise” has a positive meaning.‎ D．Shaking the head means “yes”．‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In Africa, saying to a female friend who you haven't seen for a while that she has put on weight means she is physically healthier than before or had a nice holiday”可知，在非洲，对一个你有一段时间没有见过的女性朋友说她变胖了意味着她的身体更健康了或者她的假期过得很愉快，所以答案为B。‎ ‎31．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Strange behavior in some countries B．Customs are different in different countries C．Some typical examples of cultural differences D．Cultural values should be paid much attention to 解析：选C　标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段可知，文章通过列举典型例子的形式讲述了同文化差异相关的一些内容。故C项作本文标题最佳。‎ D To make sure of greener development, China will combine efforts in environmental protection and ecological restoration according to the country's newly approved guideline (指导方针) for environmental protection, part of the 13th FiveYear Plan (2016－2020)．‎ China surpassed its goal in environmental protection for the 12th FiveYear Plan (2011－2015), with carbon intensity (强度) dropping by ‎ 20 percent (the intended target is 17 percent). It is a major contribution to worldwide efforts against climate change, officials said.‎ The new guideline stresses efforts to restore nature while reducing industrial damage to the environment. The goal is to achieve a more environmentally friendly way of living, considerable reduction in major pollutant emissions and a sounder ecological system by 2020. A good environment is a necessary part in improving people's living standards, officials said.‎ Statistics of a report from several Chinese universities show that more than one third of the country's industrial waste water flows directly into rivers and lakes. Water pollution within China has affected the environment, society and agriculture. It has resulted in huge economic losses. Air pollution is also one of the major problems in China. Heavy haze usually covers North and East China. Environmental issues are becoming a barrier to China's development. Besides, heavy metal pollution in soil in China is so serious that it requires us to act immediately. 10 percent of the total farmland of China has heavymetalpolluted soil. The heavy metal in soil will enter into humans' food chain through grain and agricultural products.‎ The rapid industrialization of agriculture, expansion of the chemical industry, and the need to produce cheap forms of energy have caused the continuous release of manmade organic chemicals into natural ecosystems. The guideline focuses on ecological restoration by controlling more types of pollutants than before.‎ ‎32．According to the passage, the guideline ________.‎ A．is part of the 12th FiveYear Plan of China B．aims to improve Chinese people's living standards C．calls for worldwide efforts against climate change and pollution D．focuses on environmental protection as well as ecological restoration 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段“... China will combine efforts in environmental protection and ecological restoration ...”可知，指导方针要求中国在环境保护和生态修复这两方面都要付诸努力。‎ ‎33．The underlined word “surpassed ” can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．beat B．failed C．set D．realized 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“... with carbon intensity (强度) dropping by 20 percent (the intended target is 17 percent). It is a major contribution to worldwide efforts against climate change, officials said.”可知，在“十二五”期间，中国的碳强度下降了20%(预定目标是17%)，在全球控制气候变化方面做出了巨大贡献。因此中国是超额完成了目标。surpass意为“超过”。‎ ‎34．What does Para. 4 mainly talk about?‎ A．The huge influence of serious pollution on China.‎ B．The current situation of environmental pollution in China.‎ C．China's achievement in fighting pollution in recent years.‎ D．Measures the Chinese government takes to deal with pollution.‎ 解析：选B　段落大意题。本段分别介绍了中国的水污染、空气污染和土壤污染问题。因此本段主要是说中国当前环境污染的现状。‎ ‎35．What can we know from the passage?‎ A．Most cities in China suffer serious air pollution.‎ B．Water pollution is the biggest problem compared with other kinds ‎ of pollution.‎ C．More types of pollutants should be controlled to restore ecosystems.‎ D．Reducing carbon emissions is the chief goal of the 13th FiveYear Plan.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段“The guideline focuses on ecological restoration by controlling more types of pollutants than before.”可知，为了恢复生态系统，更多类型的污染物应该被控制。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ Five secrets to living a sunshine life Don't avoid or ignore negativity.‎ In order to conquer and overcome the negativity, it must be acknowledged. You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance, it's up to you to handle them.‎ Take care of yourself and your needs.‎ In order to live a powerful and meaningful life, you must love yourself. __36__ And this will be reflected in your thoughts and emotional state of mind. Love yourself fully in order to love others fully.‎ ‎__37__‎ Determine what is worth your time and effort and what is not. If situations are bad and beyond repair, it's time to let go. Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time? __38__ Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have been absent in the past.‎ Give.‎ Give our time, energy, love and sometimes money to others. __39__ So if you can, don't hesitate to do it.‎ Focus on things that make us smile, laugh and feel good.‎ This one is pretty simple. __40__ That is, do more of what makes you happy! I truly believe happiness may not come as easily as we wish. In order to go through work and responsibilities that seem boring, we have to actively pursue and engage in beautiful acts of love and kindness. So let's have a try.‎ A．Just do MORE of it.‎ B．Fix them and find peace.‎ C．Always put yourself first.‎ D．Mend what's broken or get rid of it.‎ E．Determine what is important to you.‎ F．Mind your actions and how you live each day.‎ G．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us.‎ ‎36．解析：选F　根据本段的小标题“Take care of yourself and your needs”及空处上下文的内容可知，此处主要讲的是要关注自己及自己的需求。故F项符合语境。‎ ‎37．解析：选D　根据下文的内容，尤其是“Determine what is worth your time and effort and what is not ... worth the time”可知，本段主要讲的是要修补“破裂的”东西或者摆脱它。故D项符合语境。‎ ‎38．解析：选B　此处与上文的“If situations are bad and beyond repair, it's time to let go”形成对比，上文说的是放手，这里说的是修复。选项中的“them”呼应上句中的“relationships or friendships”。所以答案为B。‎ ‎39．解析：选G　根据本段的小标题可知，本段主要讲的是付出，且由空后的“So”可知，空处是付出的原因，故G项符合语境。‎ ‎40．解析：选A　根据空前的“This one is pretty simple”和空后的“That is, do more of what makes you happy！”可知，A项“就是多做”符合语境。‎ 第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ ‎(2018·黑龙江、吉林省两省六校联考)When Marco Polo travelled to Hangzhou, China 7 hundred years ago, never had he thought he'd be __41__ a job of social media ambassador in the 21st century in China.‎ On May 20, one lucky foreigner would be __42__ to become the modernday Marco Polo, get a __43__ 15day trip to the scenic city of Hangzhou in China, and be __44__ with ＄55,000 in the next year for working parttime to __45__ the city to the global audience. Five finalists from Australia, Romania, the U．S., Switzerland and France were in the final race. They came from a pool of 700 __46__ from around the world, __47__ screened by the Hangzhou Tourism Commission on their familiarity __48__ China, social media presence and adventurous spirit.‎ ‎__49__ about 100 miles southwest of Shanghai, Hangzhou is home to 9 million population and among China's __50__ cities as __51__ by per capita (人均) GDP. __52__， Hangzhou is known for its charming West Lake, a UNESCO World Heritage Site with traditional Chinese stories and tales, and the Grand Canal, which travels from Hangzhou to Beijing and was a key route of transportation in ancient China. The city's __53__ climate and charming environment __54__ 9.7 million tourists last year, __55__ to 6.5% of the city's GDP.‎ The lucky __56__ would start an allexpensepaid (全程免费) trip to Hangzhou, which, __57__ visits to tourist sites and tastings of delicious food, would __58__ include a fourday ride along the Grand Canal and ‎ three evenings spent at a local resident's home. After that, the modern Marco Polo was free to live his own life as long as he met certain promotion targets, such as earning 10,000 fans on Facebook and 1,000 on Twitter, or tweeting 15 posts a month about Hangzhou.‎ ‎“It is in fact a parttime job. __59__ you work that out efficiently is your problem，” Liam Bates, perhaps the strongest competitor because of his fluent Chinese, said.“We will see how hard it is to __60__ these numbers.”‎ ‎41．A.creating B．finding C．getting D．taking 解析：选A　结合语境并根据下文内容可知，那时没有社交大使这个工作，因此此处表示他创建了这个工作，故选A。‎ ‎42．A.commanded B．requested C．selected D．transported 解析：选C　根据“lucky”和下文的“Five finalists ... in the final race”可推知，社交大使是被选举出来的。‎ ‎43．A.cheap B．free C．difficult D．single 解析：选B　根据下文的“The lucky ________ would start an allexpensepaid (全程免费) trip to Hangzhou”可知，胜出者会获得一次15日免费游览杭州的机会。‎ ‎44．A.rewarded B．charged C．fined D．taxed 解析：选A　根据空后的“＄55,000”可推知，胜出者会得到奖金。reward“奖赏”。‎ ‎45．A.invite B．pass C．promote D．take 解析：选C　由上文的“ambassador”和下文的“as long as he met certain promotion targets”可推知，被选为社交大使的外国人有责任在国际上推广杭州，让世界更加了解杭州。promote“促进，推广”。‎ ‎46．A.amateurs B．applicants C．tourists D．volunteers 解析：选B　根据下文的“Liam Bates, perhaps the strongest competitor because of his fluent Chinese”可推知，有许多人申请参加此项活动。applicant“申请人”。‎ ‎47．A.carefully B．occasionally C．roughly D．randomly 解析：选A　空处与“screened by the Hangzhou Tourism Commission”呼应，表示杭州市旅游委员会对这些人进行了仔细的挑选。‎ ‎48．A.in B．to C．from D．with 解析：选D　familiarity with sth.为固定搭配，意为“熟知某物”，符合语境，故选D。‎ ‎49．A.Appeared B．Formed C．Located D．Founded 解析：选C　根据“about 100 miles southwest of Shanghai”可推知，此处介绍的是杭州的地理位置。locate“位于”。‎ ‎50．A.largest B．richest C．most beautiful D．most interesting 解析：选B　根据空后的“per capita (人均) GDP”可推知，此处介绍的是杭州的经济实力。杭州是中国最富有的城市之一，故选B。‎ ‎51．A.measured B．designed C．formed D．resulted 解析：选A　根据常识可知，人均GDP是一个衡量经济的指标。measure“衡量”。‎ ‎52．A.Eventually B．Traditionally C．Fortunately D．Naturally 解析：选B　根据语境并结合“with traditional Chinese stories and tales”和“in ancient China”可推知，此处介绍的是杭州的传统优势和特色。‎ ‎53．A.hot B．cold C．mild D．extreme 解析：选C　根据常识可知，杭州在中国的南方，气候比较温和，环境宜人。mild“温和的”。‎ ‎54．A.caught B．held C．drew D．kept 解析：选C　根据“charming environment”可推知，这些天然的优势吸引了很多的游客前往杭州。‎ ‎55．A.belonging B．contributing C．referring D．turning 解析：选B　固定搭配contribute to意为“促进”，与下文中的“the city's GDP”呼应。‎ ‎56．A.beginner B．traveller C．leader D．winner 解析：选D　根据下文中的“Liam Bates, perhaps the strongest competitor because of his fluent Chinese”及空前的“lucky”可推知，此处指活动的胜出者。‎ ‎57．A.regardless of B．as for C．instead of D．in addition to 解析：选D　由下文的“include a fourday ride”可推知，此处介绍了胜出者的奖励。in addition to意为“此外，除了……还有……”，符合语境。‎ ‎58．A.indeed B．also C．thus D．yet 解析：选B　根据“The lucky ________ would start an allexpensepaid (全程免费) trip to Hangzhou”和“a fourday ride along the Grand Canal and three evenings spent at a local resident's home”可知，此处表示胜出者还可以得到其他奖励，故选B。‎ ‎59．A.What B．When C．How D．Where 解析：选C　结合“work that out efficiently is your problem”可推知，此处表示如何有效完成这份工作是你自己的问题，与下文中的“We will see how hard it is”呼应。‎ ‎60．A.meet B．count C．assess D．weigh 解析：选A　由空前的“We will see how hard it is”和上文中的“earning 10,000 fans ... a month”可推知，Liam Bates想看看要满足上述条件有多不容易。meet“满足”。‎ 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ I have finally been able to become an active volunteer with the Free ‎ Meal Program in the city __61__ I live. I will volunteer at weekends and __62__ (hopeful), I will help feed less fortunate people at the Rescue Center every week. At the thought of this, I can't feel __63__ (happy)!‎ I have applied at several other places __64__ (volunteer), like SPCA and my local hospital. There is a great sense of __65__ (accomplish) and pure joy in giving back to the community, helping others and in showing kindness. This is one of the things I live __66__！I want to do what I can for society and help make a difference.I wish that many __67__ (inspire) to devote a bit of their time to local organizations in the future.There's always __68__ strong need for people to come together and help out fellow humans and animals too! When __69__ (do) voluntary work, we do our part in helping others.Meanwhile, volunteering __70__ (promote) our social awareness. We all believe volunteering is rewarding and look forward to more of it.‎ ‎61．where　考查定语从句。“我”终于能够成为“我”生活的城市的免费餐项目的活跃的志愿者了。本空需要关系词引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语，因此填where。‎ ‎62．hopefully　考查词性转换。“我”将有望每周在救助中心为不太幸运的人提供食物。本空在句中作状语，故用形容词hopeful的副词形式hopefully表示“有希望地”。‎ ‎63．happier　考查形容词比较级。从语境看，这里表示“一想到这，我感觉再幸福不过了”。“can't＋比较级”表示最高级的含义，可译为“没有比……更……的了”。‎ ‎64．to volunteer　考查非谓语动词。“我”已经在其他几个地方申请了做志愿者。这里应用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎65．‎ accomplishment　考查词性转换。空处在句中作宾语，故用名词accomplishment“成就”。a sense of accomplishment“成就感”。‎ ‎66．for　考查介词。这是“我”人生的追求之一。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用for表示“为了”。‎ ‎67．would be inspired　考查虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，由下文的“in the future”可知，此处为与将来事实相反的虚拟，故用would be inspired。‎ ‎68．a　考查冠词。人们也总有团结在一起帮助人类同胞和动物的强烈需求。这里用a strong need for sb. to do sth.表示“某人做某事的强烈需求”，此时抽象名词need转化为具体名词；此处表泛指，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎69．doing　考查非谓语动词。在做志愿者工作时，我们发挥自己的作用帮助他人。此处为状语从句的省略，do与主句的主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用doing。‎ ‎70．promotes　考查时态和主谓一致。此处说的是做志愿者的好处，为通常的客观情况，应用一般现在时；主语是volunteering，故谓语用第三人称单数。‎ Ⅰ.写作规范增分练 第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ On Sunday morning, I got up as usual, only find my breakfast on the table. I knew that my parents have left home and would be back by noon. With two hours is passing quickly, my parents had not come back yet and I began to feel boring. At that time, it occurred to me that I could get the lunch ready so that before coming home Mom need not do it. Such excited was I at this idea that I made up mind to work immediately. At 11 o'clock, my parents got home, amazed at a meal I had cooked. Feeling ‎ happy but proud, I thought I would do more houseworks from then on.‎ 答案：第一句：find→finding 第二句：have→had 第三句：去掉is; boring→bored 第四句：before→after 第五句：Such→So; mind前加my 第六句：a→the 第七句：but→and; houseworks→housework 第二节：书面表达(满分25分)‎ 假定你是李华，中秋节来临之际，你代表你们班向你校外教James发出邀请，请他参加你们班组织的中秋节晚会。内容应包括如下要点：‎ ‎1．时间和地点；‎ ‎2．活动(赏月、品尝月饼等)；‎ ‎3．其他……‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：阴历the lunar calendar ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考范文：‎ Dear Professor James，‎ The Mid Autumn Festival, which is one of the most important ‎ traditional festivals in China, falls on August 15th of the lunar calendar every year. I have the honor of inviting you to our celebrating party to be held in the school auditorium at 8：00 on the evening of the day.‎ For the party we have arranged some events. First, we will have a dinner together with you, during which we will enjoy Chinese traditional mooncakes. After that, we are to admire the moon (people think it is a symbol of reunion, luck and fortune) and express best wishes to the beloved ones.‎ Looking forward to your coming!‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua Ⅱ.单元基础回扣练 ‎(一)单句语法填空 ‎1．Li Ming's mother instructed him to_come (come) back before 8：00.‎ ‎2．The country has no access to foreign loans or financial aid.‎ ‎3．It is assumed that mental health is related to physical health.‎ ‎4．Accustomed (accustom) to climbing the steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.‎ ‎5．The Chinese nation is distinguished for its diligence and courage.‎ ‎(二)单句改错 ‎ ‎1．Though lack money, his parents managed to send him to university.lack→lacking ‎2．They urged parliament approve plans for their reform programme.approve前加to ‎3．To our joy, what he said at the meeting was inspired.inspired→inspiring ‎4．After the earthquake, the people set out rebuilding their homes.out→about ‎5．Cao Xueqin's famous novel — A Dream of Red Mansions is worthy of read.第二个of后加being ‎(三)完成句子 ‎1．Tom_was_laid_off by his boss last month because of his carelessness in work.‎ 上个月汤姆由于在工作上的粗心被他老板解雇了。‎ ‎2．How_I_wish that he would make some necessary changes in the future and live a happy life.‎ 我多么希望在未来他能有所改变，能生活幸福。‎ ‎3．He often suspected_others and often ignored other people's valuable advice.‎ 他常怀疑别人还经常忽略他人有价值的建议。‎ ‎4．Frankly speaking, he used to be outstanding, and he was_always_buried_in his work all day long.‎ 说实话，他曾经很杰出，天天埋头于工作。‎ ‎5．It was time that he should_adapt_to the society and change himself.‎ 到了他适应这个社会改变自己的时候了。‎