2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit4BodyLanguage单元教案设计（47页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit4BodyLanguage单元教案设计（47页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit 4 Body Language单元教案设计 第一部分 教学设计说明 About the topic and the structures 单元话题和结构 本单元的中心话题是“身势语”，介绍了“身势语”的意义，“什么是身势语”，“如何理解身势语”以及“身势语的跨文化性”。通过本单元的学习，可以帮助了解学习身势语对语言学习者的重要性。本单元的语言技能训练和语言知识训练都是围绕“身势语”这一中心话题设计的。‎ 本单元语言功能项目是：禁止、警告和义务。‎ 本单元语言结构项目是“动词-ing形式作定语和状语”。‎ 本单元还要求学生学习写作“反思性写作：关心信”。‎ ‎《金色教案》教学设计在单元课时划分上与课本保持一致，即“阅读课、知识课、运用课三课时/三课型划分”。但在实际教学过程中，建议教师依据学生基础、教学条件、学校安排的因素，对课本、对《金色教案》教学设计重新划分课时，裁剪、拼接使用提供的材料，以便“物尽所用”，达到最佳教学效果。教师也可以参照《金色教案》提供的“实际教学过程课时划分建议”进行教学。‎ Period 1‎ Warming Up 课本在此让学生通过提示的句子用身势语将其意思表演出来。‎ Reading ‎ 阅读课 这部分的设计贴近学生，用表演的方式走进本单元的主题，形式活泼而又容易激发学生的学习兴趣，为本单元Reading部分的精彩故事做好了铺垫。教师也可以采用本书的“热身”设计：Warming up by acting，Warming up by defining—What is body language? 进行热身教学。‎ Pre-reading 课本通过四个问题使学生明白“身势语”的不可替代性，激发学生的阅读兴趣；教师也可以以Pre-reading by looking and saying形式进行预读/读前教学。 ‎ Reading 是一篇记叙文，开头以一个接待员的身份观察来自不同国家的客人刚见面时对身势语的不同反应，从而引出文化不同而体态语不尽相同的中心话题。本书提供了如下程序设计：Talking and sharing， Listening and reading aloud， Reading and underlining， Reading to identify the topic sentence of each paragraph， Reading to decide on the type of writing and summary of the text， Reading to make a diagram of the text， Reading and understanding difficult sentences， Closing down by checking cues。‎ Period 2‎ Learning ‎ Learning about Language 分为两部分，Discovering useful words and expressions是本单元的词汇练习题; Discovering useful about language ‎ 知识课 ‎ structures是本单元的语法练习题，通过本单元的学习，要求学生熟练掌握-ing形式作定语和状语的语法功能。本书下列教学程序设计可供参考：Warming up by discovering useful words and expressions，Reading and thinking，Doing exercises，Going over the ready materials for the ~ing form as the adverbial， Doing exercises for consolidation，Closing down by doing a quiz。‎ Period 3‎ Using language 运用课 Using Language分为三部分，Reading部分要求学生通过阅读另一篇文章了解更多的身势语文化。Listening and speaking要求通过六幅图和听力内容说出故事中的体态语言，并用相关句型把它写出来，有利于学生写作能力的提高。第三部分speaking and writing 通过观察讨论林珮的体态语言，分析她的心态，并给她提出建议，这是由身势语引出的一个开放性写作。教师可以参考使用本书提供的如下设计：Reading and underlining，Read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage， Doing exercises， Making a list of body language expressions， Make a list of three positive body language expressions and three negative body language expressions，Speaking and writing，Closing down by summarizing body language。‎ 实际教学过程课时划分建议 Period 1‎ 将Warming Up、 Pre-reading、Reading和Comprehending整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。‎ Period 2‎ 将Learning about language 和Workbook中的 USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS、USING STRUCTURES 整合在一起上一节“语言知识课”。‎ Period 3‎ 将Using language 设计为一节包括听说读写单项技能或组合技能训练的“综合技能课（一）”。‎ Period 4‎ 将Workbook 的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING整合在一起上一节“听说课”。‎ Period 5‎ 将Workbook 的LISTENING TASK、READING AND WRITING TASK和 SPEAKING TASK整合为一节“综合技能课（二）”。‎ 第二部分 教学资源说明 Section 1‎ Background ‎ 背景 围绕单元话题“Festival around the world”，《金色教案》提供了几则语言规范、短小精干的趣味性材料。这些材料既可以作为教师教学参考材料为教师所用，也可以直接或改写、重组后作为课堂内外的拓展性阅读材料呈现给学生。‎ Section 2‎ 重点针对“阅读课型”‎ Explanation 解析 中的课文难句，《金色教案》不仅提供了详尽的，就句论句的解析和翻译，而且还以解析的焦点话题为线索，进行了一定的归纳、辨析和总结，以帮助教师更好地实施“语言形式”的教学。‎ Section 3‎ Vocabulary 词汇 按照课本单元词汇表顺序，《金色教案》重点提供动词、短语搭配的讲解。所提供的例句，经典、地道、实用、易懂，完全可以直接用于教学。‎ 第三部分 教学测评说明 围绕单元词法、句法项目，《金色教案》提供了长短不一的“单元教学测评”，并备有参考答案供教师使用。有些测评题目直接源于历年高考试卷，更具有说服力和实用性。‎ Part 1 Teaching Design 第一部分 教学设计 Period 1 A sample lesson plan for reading ‎(COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?)‎ Introduction In this period, after the warming up, students will first be guided to talk and share. Then comes listening and reading aloud，reading and underlining，reading to identify the topic sentence of each paragraph，reading to decide on the type of writing and summary of the text，reading to make a diagram of the text and reading and understanding difficult ‎ sentences. The period ends in students checking cues.‎ Objectives To help students understand the text’s forms and contents and learn about body language ‎ To help students communicate on the topic in focus with the words, expressions and structures learned in this unit Focus Words greet, represent, approach, defend, misunderstand, dash, frown, misread, ‎ ease, yaw, hug ‎ Expressions be likely to, in general, at ease Patterns ‎1. Four people enter looking around in a curious way. ‎ ‎2. The first person who arrives is Mr. Garcia from Columbia, closely followed by Julia from Britain.‎ ‎3. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable touching strangers or being too close or too far away.‎ ‎4. People from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. ‎ Aids ‎ Multimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, diagrams Procedures ‎1. Warming up ‎ Warming up by acting Look at the list of interpretation on the right side of the chart. Perform the action or the nonverbal behavior on the left side.‎ Examples of Body Language NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION Brisk, erect walk Confidence Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension Locked ankles Apprehension Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom Rubbing hands Anticipation Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience Steepling fingers Authoritative Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity Tilted head Interest Stroking chin Trying to make a decision Looking down, face turned away Disbelief Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision Warming up by defining—What is body language?‎ ‎*The gestures, poses, movements, and expressions that a person uses to communicate. ‎ ‎*The outward signs of a person which indicate their inner thoughts or attitude. For example, a bowed head indicates submission, a hand over the mouth indicates the person doesn’t want to talk or feels their words aren’t worth listening to. Scratching indicates nervousness. A person passing another on the street might bow their head as a subconscious sign of submission.‎ ‎*Conscious or unconscious bodily movements and gestures that communicate to others a person’s attitudes and feelings. This may also include dress, facial features, skin colour or other personal means of communication without words. ‎ ‎*Communication via the movements or attitudes of the body ‎ ‎*Body language is a broad term for several forms of communication using body movements or gestures, instead of, or as a complement to, sounds, verbal language, or other forms of communication. In turn, it is one category of paralanguage, which describes all forms of human communication that are not language. ‎ ‎2. Pre-reading by looking and saying Look at the man in the picture below. What does he say to you by his body language?‎ Basically, how the ...... do I know? Or, I don’t know nothing! The shoulders are hunched and the hands are open signifying a big question mark.‎ ‎3. Talking and sharing ‎*Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! *According to experts, our non-verbal language communicates about 50% of what we really mean (voice tonality contributes 38%) while words themselves contribute a mere 7%. *Our bodies send out messages constantly and often we don’t recognize that we’re communicating a lot more than we realize.‎ ‎*Our understanding and use of non-verbal cues in facial expression are familiar to us nearly from birth ‎4. Listening and reading aloud Reading aloud to the recording of the text improves our literacy skills -- reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Now please listen and then read aloud to the recording of the text COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM? Pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence.‎ ‎5. Reading and underlining A really useful way to help us with our listening is to become aware of 'thought groups' .‎ When we speak, we need to divide speech up into small 'chunks' to help the listener understand messages. These chunks or thought groups are groups of words which go together to express an idea or thought. In English, we use pauses and low pitch to mark the end of thought groups.‎ Next you are to read the text, dividing the text into thought groups and circling all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them into your notebook after school as homework.‎ Collocations from COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?‎ send… to do sth.派……做某事, meet … at the airport去机场接……, meet with…偶遇；碰到, at a hotel在旅馆里, represent the Chinese government代表中国政府, look around环顾四周；左顾右盼, in a curious way以奇特的方式, be followed by后面紧跟着, introduce…to…把……介绍给……, kiss… on the cheek吻……的面颊, step back向后退, appear surprised显得很吃惊, take a few steps away from…躲开……几步, at the same time与此同时, reach one’s hand out to …向……伸出手去, touch sb’s hand碰到（接触）某人的手, greet each other彼此问候, communicate with spoken language用口语交流, express one’s feelings表达某人的感情, use unspoken language不用语言, keep physical distance身体保持一定的距离, stand close to…与……站得近, approach… closely向……靠近, shake hands握手, move back a bit向后退, nod at …向……点头, behave the same way表现地一样, avoid difficulty避免困难 ‎6. Reading to identify the topic sentence of each paragraph Next you are to skim the text to identify the topic sentence of each paragraph.‎ ‎7. Reading and transferring information Read the text again to complete the table. Where is he/ she from? What does he/ she do when he/ she meets someone at the airport for the first time?‎ Name Country Action Meaning Mr Garcia Julia Smith George Cook Ahmed Aziz Madame Coulon For reference Name Country Action Meaning Mr Garcia Columbia Touching Julia Smith’s shoulders and kissing her on the cheek Greeting people Julia Smith Britain Stepping back from men Appearing surprised George Cook Canada Reaching his hand out to the Japanese Greeting people Ahmed Aziz Jordan Shaking hands with men, nodding at women Greeting people Madame Coulon France Shaking hands and kissing each other twice on the cheek Greeting people ‎8. Going over the text for the type of writing and summary of the text Determining the type of writing will help you determine the author’s ‎ topic (subject), purpose (why he is writing), style (how he should write) and tone (his attitude toward his subject - supportive, condemning, objective, etc.)‎ COMMUNICAATION: NO PROBLEM?‎ Type of writing This is a piece of descriptive writing.‎ Main idea of the passage By familiarizing ourselves with a few basic nonverbal signals, we can improve our ability to understand what people are really communicating and become aware of what we are broadcasting to the world with our own non-verbal cues.‎ Main idea of 1st paragraph You were sent to meet business people from several countries at Pudong Airport.‎ Main idea of 2nd paragraph Examples of greeting by people from different countries.‎ Main idea of 3rd paragraph People communicate by unspoken language, that is, learned or cultural “body language”.‎ Main idea of 4th paragraph Greeting by English people, by people from Spain, Italy, South American and Japan.‎ Main idea of 5th paragraph Examples of greeting by Ahmed Aziz from Jordan, by Madame Coulon from France, by ‎ people from Middle East or some Muslim countries.‎ Main idea of 6th paragraph Body language is either good or bad.‎ ‎9. Reading the text again to make a diagram of COMMUNICAATION: NO PROBLEM?‎ Meeting people from several countries at airport (para 1)‎ ‎ ‎ Body language by people from Columbia, Britain, Japan and Canada (para 2)‎ Communicating by unspoken language, learned or cultural “body language” (para 3)‎ Body language by people from Jordan, France, Middle East or some Muslim countries (para 5)‎ Body language by English people, by people from Spain, Italy, South American and Japan (para 4)‎ Study of body language helping one avoid difficulty in communication (para 6)‎ ‎10. Reading and understanding difficult sentences As you have read the text times, you can surely tell which sentences are difficult to understand. Now put your questions concerning the difficult points to the teacher. ‎ ‎11. Closing down by checking basic non-verbal cues To end the class, turn around in class and check some of the basic non-verbal cues in your students and you’ll recognize that you already speak and translate much of the language. ‎ ‎“I’m surprised!” “I’m shocked!” “I’m sad!”‎ Period 2 A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language ‎(The ~ing form as the Attribute & Adverbial)‎ Introduction In this period students will be first helped by the teacher to discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions, and then to discover and learn to use the following useful structures: the ~ing form as the attribute & adverbial. The following steps of teaching may be taken: Warming up by discovering useful words and expressions，Reading and thinking，Doing exercises，Going over the ready materials for the ~ing form as the adverbial，Doing exercises for consolidation，Closing down by doing a quiz.‎ Objectives To learn about the ~ing form as the attribute & adverbial To discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions To discover and learn to use some useful structures Procedures ‎1. Warming up by discovering useful words and expressions Turn to page 28 and do the exercises first. Check your answers against your classmates’. ‎ ‎2. Reading and thinking Turn to page 26 and read the text of COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM? As you read along, pay attention to the uses of the ~ing form as the attribute & adverbial.‎ They are visitors coming from several countries (attribute). Four people enter looking around (adverbial) in a curious way. This is an exciting (attribute) experience for you. You stand watching and listening (adverbial).‎ ‎3. Doing exercises Turn to page 29. Do the exercises.‎ ‎4. Studying the ~ing form as the adverbial the –ing form as the adverbial the -ing form作状语表示主语在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰或陪衬的作用。这时要注意the -ing form与其逻辑主语在时态和意义上的统一。‎ Rushing out of the room, he was knocked down by a car.（adverbial of time） =When he rushed out of the room, he was knocked down by a car. Working harder, you will pass the entrance exam.（adverbial of condition）  =If you work harder, you will pass the entrance ‎ exam. She sat at a window, reading a book.（作伴随状语） =She sat at a window and read a book. Having won the championship, he was awarded a million dollars.（adverbial of reason） =Because he had won the championship, he was awarded a million dollars. Even if taking a taxi, I will still be late for the meeting.（作让步状语） =Even if I take a taxi, I will still be late for the meeting. The road is under construction, thus causing the delay.（adverbial of result） =The road is under construction, and thus caused the delay. Note: 当the -ing form作让步状语时，一般放在句首，常常由although, though, even if ,unless等连词引入；作结果状语时，一般放在句末，前面可so, thus, hence。‎ ‎5. Doing exercises for consolidation ‎1. The secretary worked late into the night, ___ a long speech for the president. (1991NMET)‎ A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing ‎2. ______ a reply, he decided to write again. (1992NMET)‎ A. Not receiving B. Receiving C. Not having received D. Having not received ‎3. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ___ to the notice. (1993NMET)‎ A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing ‎4. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. (1994NMET)‎ A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added ‎5. European football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world. (1998NMET)‎ A. making B. makes C. made D. to make ‎6. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____”Sorry to miss you; will call later.” (1999NMET)‎ A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading ‎7. _____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (2001NMET)‎ A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered ‎8. ____ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. (1991上海)‎ A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not having known D.‎ ‎ Having not known ‎9. She asked me to help her, ____ that she couldn’t move the heavy suitcase alone. (1998上海)‎ A. only to realize B. realizing C. having been realized D. realized ‎10. He sent me an e-mail, ____ to get further information. (2000上海)‎ A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope ‎11. Though ____ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (2002上海)‎ A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked ‎12. While building a tunnel through the mountain, _____. (2000上海春)‎ A. an underground lake was discovered B. there was an underground lake discovered C. a lake was discovered underground D. the workers discovered an underground lake ‎13. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ________ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (2005上海)‎ A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken ‎14. from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.( 2005湖北)‎ A．Being separated B．Having separated C．Having been separated D．To be separated ‎15. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, __________ away. （2005 NMET）‎ A．run　　 B．running　　 C．to run　　 D．ran Keys: 1-5 BAACA 6-10 DAABB 11-15 CDACB ‎6. Closing down by doing a quiz To end the period you are going to take a quiz on ~ing words. ‎ ‎~ING WORDS Highlight all the words ending in ‘-ing’. Make lists of all the different categories of ‘-ing’ words; that is, their different functions in the sentence. Examples of some of the different categories · He’s swimming. ‎ · He’s wearing a swimming suit. ‎ · He likes swimming. ‎ · Swimming is pleasant.‎ Rewrite each sentence without using the ‘-ing’ form. Is there a change in meaning? What is it? Find sentences in the text which can be rewritten using an -ing form. Is there any change in meaning? What is it?‎ Period 3 A sample lesson plan for Using Language ‎(SHOWING OUR FEELINGS)‎ Introduction Language is learned to be used in and for communication. So in this period we shall have the students read, listen, write and speak in English, making use of the focused words, expressions, structures and topic ideas covered in this unit. The period can go on according to the following steps: Reading and underlining，Reading and underlining all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage，Doing exercises，Making a list of body language expressions，Making a list of three positive body language expressions and three negative body language expressions，Speaking and writing and Closing down by summarizing body language.‎ Objectives To enjoy reading the passage SHOWING OUR FEELINGS To learn to use the language by reading, listening, speaking and writing Procedures ‎1. Reading and underlining Read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the ‎ passage. Copy them into your Collocation Book after class as homework.‎ Collocations from SHOWING OUR FEELINGS show all kinds of feeling表达各种情感, misunderstand each other误会对方, be similar相似的，类似的, turn one’s back to…避开，不理睬, show anger表达愤怒, close one’s hand握紧拳头, shake… at…冲着……晃动, a universal facial expression通用的面部表情, put…at ease使……舒适（无拘无束）, hide feelings掩饰感情, lose face丢脸, nod the head up and down点头, look away from…避开，不看某人, hold one’s arms across one’s chest抱胸, protect…from …防止……遭受...; 使……免于, 保护……使 不受, turn toward…转向，面向, roll one’s eyes骨碌碌地转动眼睛，翻白眼, show respect for…向…表示尊重, give a hug to sb.拥抱某人, stand close to…离……站得近, look directly at…直盯着看, look sb. in the eye凝视某人的眼睛, tell the truth讲真话, be wrong about…误会，弄错 ‎2. Writing about the importance of body language Now you are going to read the text Showing Our Feeling again and then write a short passage telling about the importance of body language.‎ The importance of body language People cannot live without each other, we are social beings. As soon as we are in contact with others we are communicating. For this we can make use of spoken and written language. In these ways we make the ‎ content of a message clear to each other. However we can also communicate without words. This kind of communication tells us something about the relationship between people. Often this is more important than getting the content of the message across. The communication about this non spoken communication, which tells us something about the relationship between people, is called Meta-Communication. Communicating about communication!‎ ‎4. Reading more about body language Positive gesture clusters - 1‎ ‎●Acceptance ‎ o Hand to chest ‎ o Open arms and hands ‎ o Touching gestures ‎ o Moving closer, one to another ‎ o Preening ‎ o Sitting on one leg (for female)‎ Positive gesture clusters - 2‎ ‎●Confidence ‎ o Steeping (fingers touching like a church steeple) ‎ o Hands behind back, authority position ‎ o Back stiffened ‎ o Hands in coat pockets with thumbs out ‎ o Hands on lapels of coat ‎ ‎●Expectancy ‎ o Rubbing palms ‎ o Jingling money openly ‎ o Crossed fingers ‎ o Moving closer Positive gesture clusters - 3‎ ‎●Cooperation, readiness, openness ‎ o Open hands ‎ o Hands on hips ‎ o Hands on mid-thigh while seated ‎ o Sitting on edge of chair ‎ o Arms spread, gripping edge of table or desk ‎ o Moving closer ‎ o Sprinter’s position ‎ o Hand-to-face gestures Positive gesture clusters - 4‎ ‎●Evaluation ‎ o Hand-to-face gestures ‎ o Head tilted ‎ o Stroking chin ‎ o Peering over glasses ‎ o Taking glasses off, and cleaning ‎ o Putting eye glass ear piece in mouth ‎ o Pipe smoker gestures ‎ o Getting up from table and walking around ‎ o Putting hand to bridge of nose Positive gesture clusters - 5‎ ‎●Reassurance ‎ o Touching ‎ o Pinching flesh ‎ o Chewing pen or pencil ‎ o Rubbing over thumb ‎ o Touching back of chair on entering room ‎ o Biting finger nails ‎ o Hands in pockets Positive gesture clusters - 6‎ ‎●Self-control ‎ o Holding arm behind back ‎ o Gripping wrist ‎ o Locked ankles ‎ o Clenched hands ‎5. Closing down by summarizing non-verbal communication, or body language ‎ Attention, please. We have been learning about non-verbal communication or body language this week. To end this unit, let’s try to sum up what we know about non-verbal communication, or body language. ‎ Non-verbal communication, or body language ‎ o Refers to messaging without words ‎ In a personal spoken message ‎ o According to Albert Mehrabian, in Psychology Today (1968), of the total message ‎ § ‎7% is conveyed by the words ‎ § ‎38% by the vocal tones, and ‎ § ‎55% by facial and body expression ‎ o Reading body language is an important skill ‎ Section 1 Background for Unit 4 Body language ‎1. American Gestures ‎ COMMON GESTURES ‎ 1. Americans are not touch (touch/not touch) oriented. ‎ 2. In normal social situations, Americans generally stand about 30 inches apart from one another, which is also considered their personal “comfort zone.” ‎ 3. At sporting events or the theater, Americans usually slide into a crowded aisle while facing forward (forward/the people). ‎ ‎  Gesture Meaning Americans shake hands, and from an early age they are taught to do so with a firm, solid grip.‎ When greeting one another.‎ American children are taught to look others directly in the eyes.‎ When greeting and conversing. If not, means shyness or weakness.‎ Arm raised and the open hand “waggles” back and forth.‎ Signaling “hello” or “good-bye.” Or trying to get someone’s attention.‎ Americans will often wave to another person and then turn to make hand To beckon or summon another person.‎ ‎ scoop inward; or raise the index finger ) palm toward one’s face, and make a “curling “ motion with that finger.‎ Palm facing out with the index and middle fingers displayed in the shape of a “V.”‎ ‎“Victory” or “peace.”‎ Thumb and forefinger form a circle with the other three fingers splayed upward; it is used frequently and enthusiastically.‎ ‎“O.K.” meaning “fine” or “yes.”‎ Thumb up with a close fist.‎ Meaning support or approval, “O.K.” or “Good Going!” or “Good job!”‎ Whistling Pretty woman, cheering at sporting events, applauding performances.‎ Nodding and shaking the head.‎ Yes and No ‎2. Common Asian Gestures ‎ 1. GREETING GESTURES ‎ a) Handshaking ‎ b) Bowing ‎ a) Avoid direct eye contact ‎ 2. TOUCHING GESTURES ‎ a) Not touch oriented societies ‎ b) Avoid public display of affection ‎ c) Pushing (bumping) in crowds ‎ 3. OTHER NON VERBAL GESTURES ‎ a) Respect to elderly people ‎ b) Smiling often can cover a gamut of emotions: happiness, anger, confusion, apologies, or sadness. ‎ c) Try to maintain a balanced posture, stand or sit erectly or squarely. Don’t slouch or put on the ground with arms in the lap or on the armrest. Crossing the legs at the knees or ankles is the preferred form rather than with one ankle over the other knee. ‎ d) Silence (listening) is a sign of politeness and of contemplation. During conversations, be especially careful about interrupting.‎ Section 2 Notes to difficult sentences from Unit 4 ‎ ‎1. Four people enter looking around in a curious way. 四个人进来了, 好奇地左顾右盼。‎ enter: vt. enter a room enter a school/college vi. enter into 本句中enter用作不及物动词, looking around in a curious way是现在分词短语作主句的伴随状语。Many people come to theme parks, looking for thrills and entertainment.‎ ‎2. The first person who arrives is Mr. Garcia from Columbia, closely followed by Julia from Britain.‎ 第一个到的是来自哥伦比亚的Garcia先生,紧跟在他后面的是来自英国的Julia.‎ who arrives是定语从句修饰主语the first person，closely followed by Julia from Britain是过去分词短语作主句的伴随状语。动词follow与Mr. Garcia构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎3. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable touching strangers or being too close or too far away.‎ 各种文化背景下的人相互问候的方式不尽相同，接触陌生人、彼此靠得太近或距离太远，都会使他们感到不舒服。‎ 句中not all cultures greet each other the same way是部分否定句，相当与all cultures don’t greet each other the same way。‎ nor、neither置于句首，句子用部分倒装，即把助动词或系动词放到主语前面。‎ ‎—Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?‎ ‎—I don’t know, nor do I care.‎ touching strangers or being too close or too far away是现在分词短语作状语。‎ ‎4. People from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. 来自诸如西班牙、意大利或南美国家的人们彼此站得很近，更易于触摸对方。‎ 句中closely相当于close，作副词，英语中有许多形容词本身可以作副词，后面加-ly表抽象意义，如：‎ wide adj. adv.（宽广） widely adv.（广泛地）‎ deep adj. adv.（深） deeply adv.（深深地）‎ high adj. adv.（高，位置高） highly adv.（高度地）‎ low adj. adv.（低） lowly adv.（谦卑地）‎ close adj. adv.（近） closely adv.（密切地）‎ 短语be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事 Section 3 Words and expressions from Unit 4 ‎ greet ‎ v. 致敬,欢迎,映入眼帘 ‎1. I woke up and was greeted by bird song. 我一觉醒来，鸟鸣之声不绝于耳。 ‎ ‎2. His speech was greeted by loud cheers. 他的演讲受到了热烈的欢呼。 ‎ ‎3. He greeted her with a loving hug. 他以一个深情的拥抱来迎接她。 ‎ ‎4. He made his way through the crowd to greet us. 他穿过人群向我们打招呼。 ‎ ‎5. I greet you in the name of the President. 我代表总统前来迎接您。 ‎ represent vt. 表现,表示,描绘,代表 vi. 提出异议 ‎1. This essay represents a considerable improvement on your recent work. ‎ 这篇论文说明你最近的工作取得了相当大的改进。 ‎ ‎2. She represented her fellow-workers at the union meeting. 她在工会会议上代表她的同事。 ‎ ‎3. The red lines on the map represent railways. 这张地图上的红线代表铁路。 ‎ ‎4. Our firm is represented in India by Mr Hall. 我公司驻印度代表是霍尔先生。 ‎ ‎5. Fonteyn represents the best traditions of ballet. 芳廷承袭了芭蕾舞艺术的最优秀的传统 ‎ approach ‎ n. 途径,方法 v. 靠近,接近,动手处理 ‎1. The lion's approach drove away the small animals. 狮子一走近，小动物们都跑开了。 ‎ ‎2. Silently we approached the enemy's camp. 我们静悄悄地逼近敌人的营地。 ‎ ‎3. All approaches to the city were blocked. 通往这座城市的所有道路都被封锁了。 ‎ ‎4. There are several ways of approaching the problem. 处理这个问题有好几个方法。 ‎ ‎5. Heavy footsteps signaled the teacher's approach. 沉重的脚步声显示教师已经走近了。 ‎ defend ‎ v. 防护,辩护,防卫 ‎1. How can you defend the killing of animals for pleasure? 你怎么能为杀死动物取乐的行为辩护呢？ ‎ ‎2. The union said that they would take action to defend their member's jobs. 工会说他们将采取行动维护会员的工作权益。 ‎ ‎3. Some players are better at defending. 有些运动员较擅长打防卫。 ‎ ‎4. The company has briefed a top lawyer to defend it. 公司已将案件委托给最好的律师进行辩护。 ‎ ‎5. He retained the best lawyer in the state to defend his case. 他为他的案子聘了该州最好的律师。 ‎ ‎[词义辨析] defend guard protect shield preserve 都含“保护”、“使安全”的意思。‎ defend指“保卫”、“防御”, 应用范围很广, 对象可以是具体的, 也可以是抽象的, 如:‎ defend oneself against enemy 防御敌人。‎ guard 指“注意观察、戒备, 以免受可能的攻击或伤害”, 如:‎ guard a coastline 守卫海岸线。‎ protect 指“保护...以免遭受危险或伤害等”, 如:‎ protect the children from harm 保护儿童免受伤害。‎ shield 指“保护、保卫...免受惩罚或伤害等”, 如:‎ shield one's eyes against the glare of the sun ‎ 保护眼睛不受强烈的阳光伤害。‎ preserve 指“防护、保存...免被分解或腐烂”, 如:‎ Salt preserves food from decay. 盐能防止食物腐烂。‎ misunderstand ‎ v. 误解,误会 ‎1. They pretend to misunderstand my complaint. 他们假装误解了我的投诉。 ‎ ‎2. He wrote her a letter for fear she misunderstand him. 他给她写了封信，免得她误会。 ‎ ‎3. His remarks show that he misunderstand my position on the question. 他的话说明他误解了我在这一问题上的立场。 ‎ be likely to ‎ conj. 可能 (可预期的)‎ ‎1. Noticing that there was likely to be trouble, they sneaked away. 他们看到有可能发生麻烦，就悄悄离开了。 ‎ ‎2. But the boss said we were likely to work overtime today. 但是老板说我们今天很可能要加班。 ‎ in general ‎ a. 总之(一般,通常,一般说来)‎ ‎1. How do people in general look on her? 人们一般对她怎么看? ‎ ‎2. In general, a grammatical clause contain a subject and a predicate. 一般说来，一个合乎文法的子句包含有主词与述语。 ‎ ‎3. Ordinary bill relating to a matter apply to the public in general, introduce by a government minister. 由政府部长推出的与适用于一般公众事情有关的普通法案。 ‎ ‎4. One's awareness in the former case is in general more acute than in the later. 此人对前一种情况的自觉程度，一般比后一情况更深刻。 ‎ ‎5. In general, people don't like to be made fun of. 大体上讲, 人们都不喜欢被捉弄。 ‎ frown n. 皱眉 v. 皱眉头 ‎1. The teacher frowned angrily at the noisy class. 老师对那班吵吵嚷嚷的学生皱起了眉头。 ‎ ‎2. The frown on the man's face showed that he was displeased. 那人皱着眉头，面露不悦。 ‎ ‎3. She looked up from her exam paper with a worried frown. 她看完自己的试卷愁眉不展地抬起头来。 ‎ misread ‎ vt. 错读 ‎1. His tactlessness showed that he had completely misread the situation. 他不能随机应变, 这表明他对情势完全误解了。‎ ‎2. I misread the instructions/what the instructions said. 我把说明书看错了。‎ ‎3. He misread `the last train' as `the fast train'. 他把｀末班车＇误读成｀快车＇了。‎ ‎4. The reader who do not detect the seriousness under the lightness often misread him. 没有意识到轻松掩盖下的严肃性的读者常常会误解他。 ‎ ease ‎ n. 安乐,安逸,悠闲 v. 使...安乐,使...安心,减轻,放松 ‎1. I don't feel at ease in the strange place. 在这个陌生的地方，我觉得很不自在。 ‎ ‎2. My parents are retired and now live a life of ease. 我的父母都退休了，现在过着安闲舒适的生活。 ‎ ‎3. He is expected to win the game with ease. 预计他在比赛中会轻易获胜。 ‎ ‎4. It would ease my mind to know where he was. 要知道他在哪儿我就放心了。 ‎ ‎5. He passed the test with ease. 他轻而易举地考及格了。 ‎ at ease ‎ a. 舒适(自由自在,稍息)‎ ‎1. At ease! 稍息！ ‎ ‎2. I don't feel at ease in the strange place. 在这个陌生的地方，我觉得很不自在。 ‎ ‎3. He felt at ease and confident about the future. ‎ 他对未来感到轻松自在并且充满信心。 ‎ ‎4. After confession he feels a little better and can sleep at ease. 忏悔之后他觉得好过一点，并且能安眠了。 ‎ ‎5. With our work done, we felt much at ease. 工作做完后，我们觉得好轻松。 ‎ hug ‎ n. 紧抱,拥抱 v. 紧抱,固执 ‎1. The child was hugging her doll. 那孩子紧抱着她的洋娃娃。 ‎ ‎2. The president hugged himself with pleasure over the quick withdrawal from the gulf war. 总统为自己能从海湾战争中见好就收感到暗自庆幸。 ‎ ‎3. She gave her daughter a big hug. 她紧紧拥抱着她的女儿。 ‎ ‎4. She gave her mother an affectionate hug. 她紧紧拥抱着她的母亲。 ‎ ‎5. He greeted her with a loving hug. 他以一个深情的拥抱来迎接她。 ‎ I. Complete the summary of the story with one word in each blank.‎ Four visitors from Europe, North America, South America and Asia meet at a 1_______ hotel in Shanghai.‎ There seems to have been some 2_______ mistakes after introduced to each other. Mr. Garcia from Columbia 3_______ Ms Smith from Britain, touches her shoulder and kisses her on the 4_______, causing her to step ‎ away in 5_______. Mr. Cook, from Canada, reaches out his hand to the Japanese who 6_______, ‎ Besides spoken language, people communicate by 7_______ language, that is, learned or cultural “body language”. However, not all cultures greet each other the same way.‎ English people usually do not stand 8______ to others or touch strangers when they first meet. But people from Spain, Italy, South American countries approach others closely, even touch them. Most world people greet each other by shaking hands while Japanese people do so by 9_______.‎ People from Jordan moves close to the one they greet. People from France may greet each other by shaking hands and kissing. Men from Middle East or some Muslim countries stand quite close to other men to talk and they will not shake hands with women.‎ Body language is either good or bad. A good 10_______ of it helps you better communicate with each other.‎ II. Answer the text comprehension questions.‎ ‎1. How do people send each other message?‎ A. Only by words. B. Only by body language.‎ C. By neither words nor body language. D. By both words and body language.‎ ‎2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?‎ A. In every country , people shake hands when they meet each other.‎ B. People from South American countries like standing close when they talk.‎ C. It’s not a custom for men to greet a British lady by touching her shoulder and kissing her cheek.‎ D. Studying body language is helpful to avoid misunderstanding in communication.‎ ‎3. Which of the following can serve as the topic sentence of the passage?‎ A. Body language differs from culture to culture. B. People send messages not only by words.‎ C. Body language is necessary in our daily life. ‎ D. People don’t greet each other in the same way.‎ ‎4. From the text we can conclude that _____.‎ A. Body language is more important than words in communication.‎ B. We should be careful about body language.‎ C. We shouldn’t use body language when we meet foreigners.‎ D. We should use body language as often as possible.‎ III. Structure and vocabulary ‎1. Always read the _____ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. ‎ ‎(2006福建)‎ A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D.‎ ‎ introductions ‎2. At this time tomorrow _____ over the Atlantic. (2003北京)‎ A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly ‎3. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _____. (2004上海春)‎ A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted ‎4. When first _____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004吉林)‎ A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced ‎5. The manager, _____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.‎ ‎ (2005江西)‎ A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making ‎6. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _____ we gave some bells and glasses. (2006重庆)‎ A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which ‎7. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _____. (2005全国)‎ A. So does John B. john does too C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John ‎8. — It’s burning hot today, isn’t it? — Yes. _____? (2006福建)‎ A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it ‎9. — People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.‎ ‎— _____. The roads are too crowded as it is. (2005浙江)‎ A. All right B. Exactly C. Go ahead D. Fine ‎10. —It’ll take at least two hours to do this! —Oh, _____! I could do it in 30 minutes.‎ ‎ (2005天津)‎ A. come on B. pardon me C. you are right D. don’t mention it ‎11. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.‎ ‎ (2007上海) ‎ A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed ‎12. He is a student at Oxford University, __________ for a degree in computer science. ‎ ‎(2007北京)‎ A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying ‎ ‎13. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there for a space flight. (2007 江西)‎ ‎ A. training B. being trained C. to have trained ‎ ‎ D. to be trained ‎14. that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her. (2007 陕西)‎ A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying ‎15. Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would come to see him soon.‎ ‎ (2007 四川)‎ ‎ A．said B．says C．saying D．to say IV. Choose the best answer.‎ ‎1.— Did you watch the tennis final of Men’s Doubles?‎ ‎ — Yes, it was extremely exciting! It was a _____ fought game.‎ A. successfully B. bravely C. closely D. friendly ‎2. You are all new-comers here. Try not to make _____ to strangers.‎ A. ways B. connection C. means D. approaches ‎3. He doesn’t have any _____ in his leg.‎ A. emotion B. feelings C. feeling D. touch ‎4. There were so many people in the street watching the fire that fire fighters couldn’t get _____ the building.‎ A. closely B. close C. closely to D. close to ‎5. Little Franz stood there, _____ lift his head.‎ A. daring not to B. didn’t dare C. dare not D. without ‎ daring to ‎6. Taking her advice will _____ you a lot of trouble.‎ A. miss B. avoid C. spare D. save ‎7. The athletes stood, _____ their national flag _____.‎ A. seeing; raised B. watching; being raised C. looked at; rising D. noticing; rising ‎8. A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, _____ at least 12 people.‎ A. having been injured B. having injured C. injuring D. injured ‎9. He made up an excuse for his failure in order to avoid _____.‎ A. to be punished B. being punished C. to punish D. punishing ‎10. — We’d better hurry, or we’ll be late.‎ ‎ — _____? Do you really want to listen to the boring lecture?‎ A. For what B. What if C. If what D. So what V. Translate the Chinese into English. ‎ ‎1. 我们一靠近，鸟全都受惊飞走了。(approach)‎ ‎2. 幼儿常常很难清楚地表达自己。(express oneself)‎ ‎3．你刚才的话有可能冒犯了她。(be likely to do)‎ ‎4．这本小册子告诉你这样在旅行期间避免生病。(avoid doing sth.)‎ ‎5．站在山顶上，你会俯瞰到整座城市的风采。(have a bird’s eye view of)‎ Keys: ‎ I. 1. major 2. greeting 3. approaches 4. cheek 5. surprise 6. bows 7. unspoken 8. close 9. bowing 10. understanding II. 1-4 D A A B III. 1-5 B B B B B 6-10 B D A B A 11-15 C B D B C IV. 1-5 C D C D D 6-10 D B C B D V. 1. Our approach frightened the birds away. 2. Young children often have difficulty expressing themselves. 3. Your remarks just now are likely to offend her. 4. This booklet tells you how to avoid getting ill while traveling. 5. Standing on the top of the hill, you can have a wonderful bird’s eye view of the city.‎ A selected English passage for recitation英文精选背诵短文 Communication and Language One of the first things we think about when we hear the word communication is language. There are thousands of languages spoken around the world today. In fact, linguists say that there may be as many as 10,000.‎ ‎ Speaking with others is an important means of communication, but we can also communicate without using words, that is by nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication includes voice quality, eye movement, facial expression and body movements such as gestures and change in body position. But many people do not realize that everyone ‎ uses nonverbal communication. Sometimes, we “say” more with our faces and gestures than we do with our voices.‎ Books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television, and telephone are other means of communication. Today we can also communicate over long distance with the help of communications satellites. Some scientists say that soon machines will be developed for sending messages through the earth. The technology necessary to build these machines is very complex. But the language we speak every day is much more complex than the most modern communications technology. (177 words)‎