2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes单元学案（31页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes单元学案（31页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit 4Earthquakes单元学案 Period 1　新知预习课 识记词汇 ‎1.Match the words and phrases.‎ A. words (词汇连线)‎ ‎1)burst ‎2)event ‎ ‎3)suffering ‎4)extreme ‎5)electricity ‎6)disaster ‎7)shelter ‎8)title ‎9)damage ‎10)congratulation ‎1)n.灾难 ‎2)n.掩蔽;掩蔽处 ‎3)n.标题;资格 ‎4)n.电 ‎5)n.事件;大事 ‎6)adj.极度的 ‎7)n.苦难;痛苦 ‎8)n.祝贺;(复数)贺词 ‎9)n./vi 爆裂;爆发 ‎10)n./vt.损失;伤害 B. phrases(短语连线)‎ ‎1)立刻;马上 ‎2)不重视 ‎3)严重受损;破败不堪 ‎4)结束;终结 ‎5)掘出;发现 ‎1)in ruins ‎2)dig out ‎3)right away ‎4)think little of ‎5)at an end ‎2.根据释义写出单词 ‎1)　　　 to prevent sb.from escaping from a dangerous place ‎ ‎2)　　　 put sth.under the earth ‎ ‎3)　　　 help to get someone out of danger ‎ ‎4)　　　 a thin metal piece that carries water ‎ ‎5)　　　 a deep place to store water to drink ‎ ‎6)　　　 hurt ‎ ‎7)　　　 people who remain alive ‎ ‎8)　　　 a very long water way for boats ‎ ‎9)　　　 get ready ‎ ‎10)　　　 make sb.surprised ‎ 精讲词汇 ‎1.burst v. 爆裂;闯入;爆炸n.突发,爆发 ‎【完成句子】‎ ‎1)I almost burst out 　　　 when I saw what she was wearing.当我看到她的装束时几乎要笑出来。 ‎ ‎2)I almost burst into 　　　 when I saw what she was wearing.当我看到她的装束时几乎要笑出来。 ‎ ‎3)My wife 　　　 tears when she heard the bad news.听到这个消息后,我妻子放声痛哭起来。 ‎ ‎4)The crowd 　　　 cheering.人们欢呼起来。 ‎ burst into sth.(tears/laughter) ‎ burst out doing (crying/laughing) ‎ ‎2.as if 仿佛,好像 ‎【填空】‎ ‎1)It seems 　　　 (好像)our team is going to win. ‎ ‎2)She looks as if she 　　　 (be)ten years younger. ‎ ‎3)He talked about Rome as if he 　　　 (be)there before. ‎ ‎4)It looks as if it 　　　 (may)snow tomorrow. ‎ as if 从句后常用　: ‎ ‎(1)从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用　。 ‎ ‎(2)从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用　。 ‎ ‎(3)从句表示与将来事实可能相反,谓语动词用　。 ‎ ‎3.ruin vt.毁坏,破坏n.毁坏,破坏(复数)废墟,遗址 ‎【完成句子】‎ ‎1)The big flood not only 　　　 the crops,but also left the whole town in 　　　.洪水不仅毁了庄稼,还把整个镇子变成了一片废墟。 ‎ ‎2)That mistake 　　　　　　 of getting the job.正是那个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。 ‎ ‎3)My new shoes 　　　　　　 in the mud.我的新鞋被泥浆给糟蹋了。 ‎ ‎4)The building lay 　　　　　　 after the big fire.大火过后,这栋楼成为了一片废墟。 ‎ ‎5)Sea water 　　　　　　 the ship’s goods.海水使船上的货物受到损害。 ‎ ‎6)The bridge was completely 　　　.那座桥完全被毁了。 ‎ be/lie in ruins  ‎ leave...in ruins  ‎ destroy 　; ‎ ruin 彻底的破坏,但往往是非暴力的,常指对　　　　事物的破坏;  ‎ damage　。 ‎ ‎4.injure vt. 伤害,使……受伤,‎ ‎【单词指导】‎ ‎1)He was seriously 　　　 (受伤)in the traffic accident. ‎ ‎2)The 　　　 (受伤的人)were rushed to hospital. ‎ ‎3)They escaped from the accident with only minor 　　　(伤害). ‎ ‎4)I didn’t mean to 　　　(伤害)his pride. ‎ ‎5)He got 　　　(受伤)in the fighting. ‎ ‎6)What you said 　　　(伤害)my feeling. ‎ injured  ‎ the injured  ‎ injury  ‎ injure one’s pride  ‎ hurt  ‎ injure  ‎ wound  ‎ ‎5.judge vt. 判断;判决 n. 裁判员;法官 ‎【完成句子】‎ ‎1)He was one of the 　　　 at the horse race.他是赛马比赛的裁判员之一。 ‎ ‎2)Never 　　　 a man 　　　 what he said.不要依据一个人所说的话判断他。 ‎ ‎3)　　　 her last letter,they are living a busy life.从她上封信看,他们过着繁忙的生活。 ‎ ‎4)　　　,it is he rather than you is to blame.据我判断,是他而不是你该受谴责。 ‎ ‎5)You must trust in your own 　　　. 你必须相信自己的判断。 ‎ judge ...from/by...  ‎ judging from/by  ‎ as far as ...can judge  ‎ judgement  ‎ 运用词汇 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.Life would be very difficult without 　　　(电). ‎ ‎2.It was a 　　　(可怕的)night because of the terrible earthquake. ‎ ‎3.Don’t 　　　 (判断)a book by its cover. ‎ ‎4.The earthquake caused great 　　　(损害). ‎ ‎5.The whole city lay in 　　　 (废墟)after the earthquake. ‎ ‎6.The soldiers built s　　　 for those homeless people. ‎ ‎7.Every year natural d　　　 can cause heavy loss to the world. ‎ ‎8.Most of the buildings were completely d 　　　in the earthquake. ‎ ‎9.That boy was really lucky. After being caught in his car for 60 hours he was r　　　. ‎ ‎10.These days, we are busy p　　　 for the final examination. ‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎1.—What’s the matter with her car?‎ ‎—It looks 　　　 the engine couldn’t work. ‎ ‎　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　‎ A.as if B. like C.as D. that ‎2.The UN is to 　　　 an end to the dispute between the two countries. I’m sure the issue will 　　　 an end soon. ‎ A. come; put B. come to; bring C. put; come D. bring; come to ‎3.The scientist knew nothing about the matter, because he was always 　　　 himself 　　　 his study. ‎ A. burying; in B. devoting; in C. focusing; in D. concentrating; in ‎4.Scientists say a big earthquake might 　　　 a whole city in thirty seconds. ‎ A. ruin B.be destroyed C.be stopped in D. not ruin ‎5.When the girl learnt that her boyfriend was 　　　 in the earthquake, she 　　　. ‎ A. injured; burst in tear B. killed; burst into tears C. still alive; burst into tears C. killed; burst into crying ‎6.　　　 people killed and injured in the earthquake reached several million. ‎ A.A number of B. The number of C.A lot of D.A great many ‎7.A car exploded(爆炸)near the store. Luckily, nobody was reported　　　. ‎ A. hurt B. wounded C. harmed D. injured ‎8.Open the windows, Jack, and let in some　　　 air. ‎ A. new B. different C. fresh D. proper ‎9.Why don’t you 　　　 a club? That will make you stronger and help you achieve your goal more quickly. ‎ A. organize B. make C. build D. discuss ‎10.I shall make my own　　　on this matter when I see the result. ‎ A. justice B. judgement C. intention D. conclusion Ⅲ.短文填空 Dirty water rose in 　　　(井),　　　(池塘)and 　　　 (运河)before the earthquake. But no one 　　　(判断)it and got 　　　(准备好).Suddenly, everything shook. Thousands of 　　　(砖)houses and 　　　(大量的)　　　 (水坝)were 　　　(摧毁).Giving out 　　　(难闻的)　　　(蒸汽),90 percent of the 　　　(水管)in the coal 　　　(矿井)　　　 (爆裂)and became 　　　 (无用的)steel. The army were 　　　(震惊的).They were 　　　 (组织)to 　　　(援救)the 　　　(伤员)and offer 　　　(新鲜的)water and 　　　(避难所)to them 　　　(立刻).Without 　　　(电),they 　　　(挖出)the 　　　(幸存者)　　　(被埋在)the 　　　(废墟)with hands. At last, the 　　　(灾难)was 　　　(结束).Speeches were given in honour of the army. ‎ 参考答案 识记词汇 ‎2.1)trap　2)bury　3)rescue　4)pipe　5)well　6)injure　7)survivor　8)canal　9)prepare　10)shock 精讲词汇 ‎1.1)laughing　2)laughter　3)burst into　4)burst out 突然……起来;突然……起来 ‎2.1)as if　2)were　3)had been　4)might 虚拟语气;一般过去时;had+过去分词;would / could / might+动词原形 ‎3.1)ruined; ruins　2)ruined his chance　3)got ruined　4)in ruins　5)damaged　6)destroyed 毁坏,成为废墟;使……成为废墟;彻底的毁灭;美好;可指不同程度的破坏、损坏,局部的破坏 ‎4.1)injured　2)injured　3)injuries　4)injure ‎5)wounded　6)hurt adj.受伤的;伤者;n.伤口,伤害;伤某人的自尊;可以指肉体上的伤害,‎ 也可以指精神上的伤害;一般指由于意外造成的损伤;一般指外伤,尤指战争、战斗中受伤。‎ ‎5.1)judges　2)judge; from/by　3)Judging from/by　4)As far as I can judge　5)judgement 依据……来判断……;依据……判断;据某人判断;n.判断。‎ 运用词汇 Ⅰ.1.electricity　2.frightening　3.judge　4.damage　5.ruins　6.shelters　7.disasters ‎8.destroyed　9.rescued　10.preparing Ⅱ.1~5.ADAAB　6~10.BDCAB Ⅲ.wells; ponds; canals; judged; prepared; brick; a number of;dams;destroyed;smelly;steam;pipes;mines;burst;useless;shocked;organized;rescue;injured;fresh;shelters;right away; electricity; dug out; survivors; buried in; ruins; disaster; at an end Period 2　文本研读课 ‎ ‎ 自主预习 Many people believe that “It is always calm before a storm.” Surf the Internet to find out what will usually happen before an earthquake.‎ 思考导引 Please look at the picture. What can you see in the picture? Can you describe it?‎ ‎ ‎ 课堂探究 ‎1. Skimming A. Read the text quickly and give the answers to the questions.‎ ‎1) What does the passage mainly tell us about?‎ ‎2) When did the earthquake happen?‎ ‎3) How many people were killed or injured in this disaster?‎ B. Read the text quickly again, and try to find out the main idea for each paragraph.‎ Matching work:‎ Paragraphs:　　　　main ideas Para.1　The world was at an end. The earthquake hit the city.‎ Para.2　The damage of the city in the earthquake.‎ Para.3　The rescue to the city.‎ Para.4　Some strange things happened before the earthquake.‎ ‎2. Scanning A. Read through Para.1 carefully and then answer the following question: What happened before the earthquake?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎★The water in the wells 　　　 and 　　　.And some deep 　　　 could be seen in the well walls. A　　　　 gas came out of the cracks. ‎ ‎★The chickens and the pigs 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. ‎ ‎★Mice ran out of the fields 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. ‎ ‎★Fish 　　　　　　　　 bowls and ponds. ‎ ‎★People could see bright 　　　 in the sky. ‎ ‎★The sound of 　　　 could be heard outside the city even when no planes were in the sky. ‎ ‎★The water pipes in some buildings cracked and 　　　. ‎ B. Read through Para graphs 2~3 carefully and then do the true or false exercises:‎ True or false:‎ ‎1) Two-thirds of the nation felt the earthquake.(　　)‎ ‎2) The city of Tangshan lay in ruins within 15 seconds.(　　)‎ ‎3)All of the city’s hospitals, factories, buildings and homes were damaged in the earthquake.(　　)‎ ‎4)Later that afternoon, a terrible earthquake shook Tangshan again.(　　)‎ C. Read through Para.4 carefully and fill in the blanks:‎ After the earthquakes 　　　 soldiers were sent to Tangshan. ‎ ‎ Lots of survivors were rescued and the dead were 　　　. ‎ ‎ 　　　 were built for survivors who lost their homes. ‎ ‎ 　　　　　　　was transported to the city. ‎ ‎ The city began to 　　　　　　　　. ‎ D. The structure of the passage Part 1: ‎ Part 2: ‎ Part 3: ‎ ‎3.Cracking the hard points Underline the sentences below in your text and observe them carefully. Try to understand the structures and translate them into Chinese.‎ ‎1)But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2)Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3)The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4)All hope was not lost.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.Consolidation Ⅰ.Join the correct parts of the sentences.‎ ‎1.The chickens didn’t eat because ‎2.The people didn’t worry because ‎3.Such a great number of people died because ‎4.Water was needed because ‎5. The people did not lose hope because A. the army came to help them B. the quake happened while they were sleeping C. they were nervous D. dams and wells were useless E. they didn’t know what the strange events meant Ⅱ.Finish the following passage according to the text and try to retell the story.‎ Strange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the wells r　　　 and fell. A s　　　 gas came out of the cracks. In Tangshan, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and b　　　.But the people of the city, who thought l　　　 of these events, went to bed as u　　　. ‎ At 3:42 am everything began to s　　　.It’s　　　 as if the world was a　　　 a　　　 e ! In fifteen seconds a large city l　　　 i　　　 r　　　.The n　　　 of people who were k　　　 or i　　　 r　　　 more than 400,000.Many children were l　　　 without parents. ‎ Nearly everything was d　　　.Hospitals, factories, buildings and homes were g　　　.People were shocked. Nobody knew how long the d　　　 would l　　　. ‎ The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan. They o teams to d　　　 o　　　 those who were t under the ruins and to b　　　 the dead. Hundreds of t　　　 of people were r . ‎ ‎5.Post-reading Interview: Suppose you are a reporter from a foreign newspaper and you are interviewing a survivor of the Tangshan earthquake.‎ You can begin like this:‎ A:Excuse me. May I ask you some questions about the earthquake?‎ B:Sure.‎ Key Words:‎ rose; smelly; burst; thought little of; as usual; began to shake; at an end; lay in ruins; reached more than 400,000;without parents;destroyed;gone;last;150,000 soldiers; organized; bury; rescued 课后提升 ‎1.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.‎ ‎*think little of 轻视,不重视 ‎*think much of 重视,赞扬 ‎1)他不重视我的建议。 ‎ ‎2)我觉得这幅画并不高明。 ‎ ‎2.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.‎ 此处leave表示“ 使处于……状态 ”,‎ 其后通常接复合宾语,即宾语+adj./done/doing/n./prep.等作宾语补足语。‎ 完成句子 ‎1)请开着门吧。Leave the door 　　　,please. ‎ ‎2)别让他在雨中等着。‎ Don’t leave him 　　　 in the rain. ‎ ‎3)别打扰我,走开!Leave me 　　　! Go away. ‎ ‎4)我不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。 ‎ I can’t leave such an important matter 　　　. ‎ ‎5)地震使整个城镇沦为废墟。‎ The earthquake left the whole town 　　　. ‎ 翻译 ‎6)His parents both died last year,leaving him an orphan. ‎ ‎3.The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.‎ 写出划线词的意思 ‎1)He sent his son to join the army as soon as he reached 18.(　　)‎ ‎2)Your letter of August 24 only reached me today.(　　)‎ ‎3)The boy wasn’t tall enough to reach the branches.(　　)‎ ‎4.All hope was not lost.‎ ‎= Not all hope was lost.‎ ‎*该句为不完全否定,也可称之为部分否定。‎ ‎*all...not...= not all ... (some but not all 一些,但不是全部)‎ 当all, every, everyone, everything, both用于否定句时,皆表示不完全的否定。 ‎ e.g.1)Not all that glitters is gold.‎ 闪光的并不都是金子。‎ ‎2)Not all the children are noisy.‎ ‎= All the children are not noisy.‎ ‎=Some of the children are not noisy.‎ 完成句子 ‎1)这些鞋子不全是能配成对的。‎ ‎　the shoes would pair up. ‎ ‎2)并不是每一个学生都来了。‎ ‎　one of the students came. ‎ ‎3)这两位艺术家并非都有审美的眼光。‎ ‎　the artists have a keen eye for beauty. ‎ 单项填空 ‎4)While I agree with most of what you said, I don’t agree with 　　　. ‎ A. something　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ B. anything C. everything ‎ D. nothing 参考答案 ‎ 课堂探究 Skimming: A.1)Earthquake in Tangshan.‎ ‎2)On July 28,1976.‎ ‎3)More than 400,000.‎ B.Para.1:Some strange things happened before the earthquake.‎ Para.2:The world was at an end. The earthquake hit the city.‎ Para.3:The damage of the city in the earthquake.‎ Para.4:The rescue to the city.‎ Scanning: A. rose; fell; cracks; smelly; were too nervous to eat; looking for places to ‎ hide; jumped out of; lights; planes; burst ‎ B.1)F(One-third),2)T,3)F(All of the city’s hospitals, factories, buildings and homes ),4)T C.150,000;buried;Shelters;Fresh water; breathe again D.Part 1:Para.1.Before the earthquake strange things began to happen but no one noticed them.‎ Part 2:Para graphs 2~3.The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan and shocked the people very much.‎ Part 3:Para.4.The army came to help the survivors, bringing hope for a new life.‎ Cracking the hard points:‎ ‎1.但是,唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当回事,当天晚上照常睡觉。‎ ‎ 2.成千上万个家庭遇难,许多孩子失去了父母。‎ ‎ 3.死亡和重伤人数达到40多万。 ‎ ‎4.并没有丧失所有希望。‎ Consolidation:Ⅰ.CEDBA Ⅱ.rose; smelly; burst; little; usual; shake; seemed; at an end; lay in ruins;number;killed;injured;reached;left;destroyed;gone;disaster;last;organized;dig out; trapped; bury; thousands; rescued 课后提升 ‎1.1)He thought little of my suggestion.‎ ‎2)I thought little of/ didn’t think much of the painting.‎ ‎2.1)open　2)waiting　3)alone　4)undone/ unfinished　5)in ruins　6)他父母去年双双去世,留下他成为一个孤儿。‎ ‎3.1)达到(指某种数目)　2)抵达,传到　3)伸手够到(某物)‎ ‎4.1)Not all　2)Not every　3)Not both　4)C Period 3　知识讲练课 ‎ ‎ Step 1　expressions:‎ ‎1.But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.但是,唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事,当天晚上照常上床睡觉。‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)I thought little of what he said at that time.‎ 我对他当时说的话没多考虑。‎ ‎2)I think much better of him after I have found out his true motive.‎ 我发觉他的真实动机后,对他的评价高多了。‎ ‎ who 引导了一个　　　　　　　 ‎ think little of 意为“　　　　　　　　” ‎ think much of 意为“　　　　　　　　” ‎ think highly of 意为“　　　　　　　　” ‎ think poorly of 意为“　　　　　　　　” ‎ think well of 意为“　　　　　　　　” ‎ think nothing of 意为“　　　　　　　　” ‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ ‎ 把下列句子翻译成汉语。‎ ‎1)She thinks nothing of walking thirty miles a day.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2)I do think much of my new teacher.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3)He is highly thought of by the manager.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4)The other scholars thought little of his theory.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日! ‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)It was as if time stopped here.在这里,时间仿佛停止。‎ ‎2)It looks as if most teachers agree.多数老师似乎都同意这一看法。‎ ‎3)It seems as if our team is going to win.看来我们队要胜了。‎ ‎4)He acted as if he had already known the truth.他表现得像是已经知道了真相。 ‎ ‎ It is/looks/seems as if 意为“　　　　　　　　”。 ‎ as if 还可以用来引导　　　　　　　　。 ‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ 翻译以下句子。‎ ‎1)看起来好像要下雨了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2)这个孩子说起话来就像个成年人。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)The war was at an end. 战争结束了。‎ The war came to an end. 战争结束了。‎ ‎2)They put the war to an end.他们结束了战争。‎ ‎ be at an end意为“　　　　　　　” ‎ come to an end意为“　　　　　　　” ‎ put/bring sth.to an end意为“　　　　　　　” ‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ 翻译以下句子。‎ ‎1)到年终了。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2)会议结束了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.死亡和重伤人数达到40多万。 ‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)The number of people who were killed in the accident remains unknown.事故中丧生的人数还不清楚。‎ ‎2)I have a number of letters to write.我有好些信要写。‎ ‎3)A great/large number of people have applied.许多人都已申请。‎ ‎ a number of =many意为“　　　”;修饰可数名词复数,谓语动词用　　　。 ‎ the number of ... 意为“　　　”,后也常跟可数名词复数,作主语时,谓语动词用　　　。 ‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ 用a (great)number of /the number of填空。‎ ‎1)　　　boxes were lost on the way. ‎ ‎2)　　　students absent is large. ‎ ‎3)　　　 people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000. ‎ Step 2　Sentence structures we are going to learn ‎1. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看,那里的一切都几乎被毁了。‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ Everywhere I go,I find the same thing.无论我去哪儿,我都看到同样的东西。‎ ‎ 句子中的everywhere they looked 是　　　,everywhere用作　　　,相当于wherever或no matter where,引导让步状语从句。 ‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ 翻译以下句子。‎ 无论你往哪儿看,你都会看到它。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)Everything is not right.不是所有的事情都是对的。‎ ‎2)All my friends do not study well.=Not all my friends study well.不是我所有的朋友都学习好。‎ ‎3)He does not always play volleyball.他不总是打排球。‎ ‎4)None of us was allowed to go there.我们谁都不许去那儿。‎ ‎5)Nothing she did pleased him.她做的所有事情都令他不满。‎ ‎ 凡是具有总括意义的代词(all, both, each, everybody, everything 等)、形容词(complete, whole等)和副词(completely, always, wholly, altogether等)与否定词not连用,构成部分否定,表示“不……;并非……”的意思。而全部否定用no,none, never, nobody, neither, nothing, no more ,no longer表示。‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ 翻译以下句子。‎ ‎1)All of them are not right.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2)Both of the students are not from the factory.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3)Every man cannot be a mathematician.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。 ‎ ‎【观察思考】 ‎ ‎1)He doesn’t want to hire the boy whose father is in prison.‎ 他不想雇佣那个父亲还在坐牢的男孩子。‎ ‎2)Anne was a Jewish girl whose diary has been read widely all over the world.安妮是一个犹太女孩,她的日记在全世界广为传诵。 ‎ ‎ 句子中whose homes had been destroyed是定语从句,whose是关系代词,代替先行词survivors在定语从句中作定语,相当于of whom,这个定语从句也可改为of whom the homes had been destroyed或the homes of whom had been destroyed。‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ The college won’t take on anyone 　　　 eyesight is weak. ‎ A. who　　　　B. whose　　　　C. of whom　　　　D. which 参考答案 ‎ Step 1‎ ‎1.【归纳总结】非限制性定语从句;不重视……/认为……没有什么了不起;认为……很不错;看重/器重;不放在眼里/轻视;重视/认为……好;轻视/认为……无所谓 ‎【尝试运用】1)她认为一天走三十英里没什么。2)我真的认为我的新老师很不错。3)经理非常器重他。4)其他的学者并不重视他的理论。‎ ‎2.【归纳总结】看起来好像……; 状语从句 ‎【尝试运用】1)It looks as if it is going to rain.‎ ‎2)The child talks as if he were a grown-up.‎ ‎【归纳总结】结束;结束;结束……‎ ‎【尝试运用】1)The year is at an end.2)The meeting came to an end.‎ ‎3.【归纳总结】许多,若干;复数; ……的数量;单数 ‎【尝试运用】1)A number of　2)The number of　3)The number of Step 2‎ ‎1.【归纳总结】让步状语从句;连词 ‎【尝试运用】You see it everywhere you look.‎ ‎2.【尝试运用】1)他们并不全对。‎ ‎ 2)这两个学生不是都来自工厂。‎ ‎ 3)不是每个人都能成为数学家的。‎ ‎3.【尝试运用】B Period 4　语法专题课 Attributive Clause (Ⅰ)‎ ‎ ‎ 感受新知 Ⅰ.找出下列句子的先行词和关系代词。‎ ‎1.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.‎ ‎2.It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away.‎ ‎3.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.‎ ‎4.The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.‎ ‎5.Another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.‎ ‎6.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.‎ ‎7.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.‎ Ⅱ.Conclusion of the rules:‎ ‎1.基本概念 定语从句: 修饰　　　的从句。 ‎ 先行词:　　　修饰的词,起着连接主、从句,指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。 ‎ ‎2.关系代词的选择 关系代词 指代 在从句中充当的成分 who ‎ whom ‎ which ‎ that ‎ whose ‎ ‎3.定语从句有两种:‎ ‎(1)限制性定语从句(先行词与定语从句间无逗号), 如句子　。 ‎ ‎(2)非限制性定语从句(先行词与定语从句间有逗号),如句子　。 ‎ Ⅲ.Consolidation.‎ A.Fill in the blanks.‎ ‎1.This is the young man 　　　　　　　I met yesterday. ‎ ‎2.The boys 　　　　　　　wanted to play football were sad when it rained. ‎ ‎3.It was a meeting 　　　　　　　importance I did not realize at that time. ‎ ‎4.I still remember the days　　　　　　　we spent together last summer. ‎ ‎5.Mary bought a book 　　　　　　　 was written by Mark Twain. ‎ B. Combine the two sentences.‎ ‎1.I remembered the city.‎ I visited the city last year.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.Do you know the scientist?‎ We talked about the scientist just now.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.Pandas eat bamboo.‎ It is almost the only food they like.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.The girl is my sister.‎ The girl is dressed in a red coat.‎ ‎ ‎ 拓展 Ⅰ.Whether to choose “that” or not? ‎ ‎1.He told me everything (that)he knows.‎ ‎2.All the books (that)you offered have been given out.‎ ‎3.This is the best film (that)I have ever seen.‎ ‎4.We talked about the person and things that we remember.‎ ‎5.Our English teacher loves us all, which makes us happy.‎ Conclusion:‎ 只用that的情况:‎ ‎1)Sentence 1:先行词为　　　,all, nothing, anything, something, little, much等。 ‎ ‎2)Sentence 2:先行词被　　　,any, each, every, much, little, some, few, no, the only, the very等修饰时。 ‎ ‎3)Sentence 3: 先行词前有形容词　　　,序数词修饰时。 ‎ ‎4)Sentence 4:先行词是　　　。 ‎ 不用that的情况:‎ ‎5)Sentence 5:非限制性定语从句中,指人用who(主语)/whom(宾语);指物用　　　。 ‎ Ⅱ.“As” as a relative pronoun.‎ ‎1.You may take as many books as you want.‎ ‎2.The world has been changing at such a high speed as no one has expected.‎ ‎3.As is known to us all, light travels faster than sound.‎ Conclusion:‎ Sentences 1,2: 限定性定语从句中用在固定搭配　　　,so....as,　　　,the same...as中。 ‎ Sentence 3:在非限定性定语从句中作主语或宾语,常译做“正如”。‎ Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks.‎ ‎1.This is the most expensive book 　　　　 is sold in this shop. ‎ ‎2.Do you agree with everything 　　　　 he said at the meeting? ‎ ‎3.This is the only shop 　　　　 sells this kind of machine. ‎ ‎4.I have read all the books 　　　　 you gave me. ‎ ‎5.This is the first thing 　　　　 I want to say. ‎ ‎6.The TV play I watched last night is the best one 　　　　 I have watched this year. ‎ ‎7.Tell us about the people and the places 　　　　 are different from us. ‎ ‎8.Any person 　　　　 has the money can join the group. ‎ ‎9.　　　　 is known to us all, smoking is harmful to health. ‎ ‎10.My parents gave me a bike,　　　　 made me excited. ‎ 巩固运用 Ⅰ.Correct the following sentences.‎ ‎1.I enjoy the music that we are listening to it.‎ ‎2.The people which live next to us are friendly.‎ ‎3.He is the man who he taught me English.‎ ‎4.I gave the book to him that he needed it.‎ ‎5.The book which I bought it at the bookstore was very useful.‎ ‎6.I met a woman who her husband is a famous lawyer.‎ Ⅱ.Multiple choice.‎ ‎1.That’s the new machine 　　　 parts are too small to be seen. ‎ ‎　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　‎ A. that B. which C. whose D. what ‎2.The old temple 　　　 roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. ‎ A. where B. which C. whose D. its ‎3.There are some other students 　　　 want to visit Wutai Mountain. ‎ A. who B. whose C. whom D. which ‎ ‎4.There is a boy downstairs 　　　 wants to see you. ‎ A. who B. whom C. which D. he ‎5.We talked about the things and persons 　　　 he saw in the park. ‎ A. which B. what C. whose D. that ‎6.She will never forget the days 　　　 she spent in Beijing. ‎ A. that B. what C. when D. why ‎7.The prize will go to the writer 　　　 story shows the most imagination. ‎ A. that B. which C. whose D. what ‎8.The old town have small houses 　　　 are built close to each other. ‎ A. they B. where C. what D. that ‎9.They have decided to finish the work in time,　　　,I think, is a clever choice. ‎ A. that B. what C. which D. whether ‎10.　　　 is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun. ‎ A. Which B. That C. What D.As ‎11.I have never seen such a tall tree 　　　 it is. ‎ A. what B. which C. that D.as ‎12.Kate always tells a lie,　　　 makes her parents feel strange. ‎ A. which B. that C.as D. where Ⅲ.Polish this passage using attributive clauses.‎ My Sister My sister’s name is Mary. She is senior to me by two years. She is interested in English. English is a worldwide language. She often helps me learn English. It is of great importance to improve my ability. We are fond of traveling. It gives us a lot of fun.‎ 参考答案 ‎ 感受新知 ‎(略)‎ Ⅱ.1.名词或代词;被定语从句 ‎2.‎ 关系代词 指代 在从句中充当的成分 who 人 主语,宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语,宾语 that 人,物 主语,宾语 whose 人,物 定语 ‎3.(1)3,4,5,6,7　(2)1,2‎ Ⅲ.A.1.who/that/whom　2.who/that　3.whose　4.that/ which　5.that/which B.1.I remembered the city which/that I visited last year.‎ ‎2.Do you know the scientist who/whom we talked about just now?‎ ‎3.Pandas eat bamboo that is almost the only food they like.‎ ‎4.The girl who is dressed in a red coat is my sister.‎ 拓展 Ⅰ.1)everything　2)all　3)最高级　4)人和物　5)which Ⅱ.as...as,such...as Ⅲ.1.that　2.that　3.that　4.that　5.that　6.that　7.that　8.that/who　9.As　10.which 巩固运用 Ⅰ.1.去掉it　2.which→who/that　3.去掉who后面的he 　4.去掉it　5.去掉it　6.who her→whose Ⅱ.1~5.CCAAD　6~10.ACDCD　11~12.DA Ⅲ.My sister whose name is Mary is senior to me by two years. She is interested in English which is a worldwide language. So, she often helps me learn English, which is of great importance to improve my ability. In addition, we are fond of traveling which gives us a lot of fun.‎ 高考试题链接 第二部分　英语知识运用(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节　单项填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎21．—I’m worried about the sports meet.Do you think it will be postponed?‎ ‎—If it rain tomorrow，but actually the weather forecast has removed our worry.‎ A．could B．would C．might D．should 答案　D 解析　句意为：——我很担心明天的运动会，你觉得会被推迟吗？——如果明天下雨的话会，但事实上天气预报已经排除了我们的担忧。从第二句后半句可知，明天不会下雨，因此判断为虚拟语气，而对将来的虚拟可用should do。故选D。‎ ‎22．—Don’t worry，Mum.The doctor said it was only the flu.‎ ‎— ！I’ll tell dad there’s nothing serious.‎ A．Congratulations B．What a relief C．How surprising D．I’m so sorry 答案　B 解析　Congratulations恭喜，祝贺；What a relief那我就轻松多了；How surprising多么惊喜；I’m so sorry我感到非常抱歉。句意为：——不要担心，妈妈，医生说这只是流感。——那我就轻松多了！我会告诉爸爸这并不严重。故选B项。‎ ‎23． some teenagers don’t realize is difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.‎ A．What；how B．That；how C．What；what a D．That；what 答案　A 解析　句意为：一些青少年没有意识到的是，他们染上毒瘾后生活会是多么艰难。第一空引导主语从句，且从句中缺宾语，故用what；第二空修饰形容词difficult，故用how。‎ ‎24．He speaks English well indeed，but of course not a native speaker.‎ A．as fluent as B．more fluent than C．so fluently as D．much fluently than 答案　C 解析　句意为：他的英语的确讲得好，但当然不如当地人讲得流利。在否定句中用not as/so...as...“不如……一样好”，因为修饰动词speak，故选C。‎ ‎25．As he has been in a terrible state of mind these days，on no account achieve success in the coming English speech competition.‎ A．has he B．he has C．will he D．he will 答案　C 解析　on no account绝不，否定意义词组在句首时，后面的句子用部分倒装，表示将来发生的事，故选C。‎ ‎26．I’ll go now.I won’t any more of your time.‎ A．hold up B．keep up C．take up D．put up 答案　C 解析　句意为：我现在就走，我不再占用你的时间了。hold up举起，支撑；keep up维持，继续；take up拿起，开始从事，占据(时间或空间)；put up举起。由句意知选C。‎ ‎27．If I preparations for my experiment this afternoon，I to see the film with you last night.‎ A．were not to make；would have gone B．were not making；would have gone C．had not made；would go D．did not make；would go 答案　A 解析　句意为：如果不是要为今天下午的实验做准备，昨天晚上我就和你去看电影了。这是虚拟条件句，由“this afternoon”可推断，从句表示与将来相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用did/were to/should do；由“last night”推断，主句表示与过去相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用would have done。故选A。‎ ‎28．The successful candidate will be adaptable，take ownership of and develop in the ‎ role by taking initiative，being motivated and high standards.‎ A．ensured B．to ensure C．ensuring D．to be ensured 答案　C 解析　位于介词by后，用现在分词形式，与taking，being保持一致。故选C项。‎ ‎29．I am not sure what time I’ll arrive，maybe 7 30 or 8 00. ，I’ll be there as early as possible.‎ A．Anyway B．However C．Thus D．Therefore 答案　A 解析　句意为：我不确定几点能到，也许是7 30或8 00，不管怎样我都会尽早到那里。anyway不管怎样；however然而；thus这样，因此；therefore因此，所以。‎ ‎30．With China’s Singles’ Day approaching，shop owners offer large discounts high sales volumes created by enthusiastic buyers.‎ A．in expectation of B．in regard to C．in terms of D．in response to ‎ 答案　A 解析　句意为：随着中国的“光棍节”的临近，店主们提供大的折扣，期望热情的买主们创造一个高销量。in expectation of 期望；in regard to关于……；in terms of 就……而言；in response to回应。‎ 第二节　完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ People from every corner flooded into the streets that Christmas Eve.Frosty the Snowman and Jingle Bells 31 in stores；on the pavements，the street singers performed happily.Everyone was 32 by someone else，delighted and cheerful.I was alone.‎ As one of 8 kids of a Brazilian family，brought up in America’s crowded apartment，I’d spent several years searching for aloneness.Now， 33 ，at 27，a college student after the 34 with my girlfriend，every cell inside me wanted to be alone， 35 not at Christmas.My family had 36 to Brazil and my friends were 37 with their own lives.Dusk was approaching，and the fact that I had to return to my 38 home made me sad.Lights from windows blinked，and I hoped someone would 39 from one of those homes to invite me inside with a Christmas tree decorated with shiny fake snow and 40 presents.‎ At a market，I felt more 41 when people were buying lots of goods，which 42 the gifts we received as children in my mind.I missed my family and wanted to cry for wanting to be alone and for having achieved it.‎ Outside the church，a manger(马槽) had been set 43 .I stood with others watching the scene，some of them 44 themselves，praying.As I walked home，I realized that leaving Brazil was still a 45 experience as I struggled with what I had become in 15 years in America.I’d mourned the 46 ，but for the first time，I recognized what I’d gained.I was independent， 47 and healthy.My life was ‎ still ahead，full of 48 .‎ Sometimes the best gift is the one that you give yourself.That Christmas，I gave myself 49 for what I’d gained up to now and promised to go forward.It is the best gift I’ve ever got，the one that I most 50 .‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者在平安夜的所见所闻及自己的感想。‎ ‎31．A.shared B．played C．served D．held 答案　B 解析　Frosty the Snowman和Jingle Bells是歌曲名，所以这两首歌曲是在商店里播放(play)。‎ ‎32．A.accompanied B．employed C．attended D．supported 答案　A 解析　后一句说“我”是孤独一人，故此处是指其他人都在别人的陪伴(accompany)下。‎ ‎33．A.usually B．extremely C．really D．eventually 答案　D 解析　现在，27岁的“我”是名大学生，在与女朋友分手后，最终非常想独自一人。eventually最终。‎ ‎34．A.breakup B．date C．sympathy D．concern 答案　A 解析　见上题解析。breakup分手，解体。‎ ‎35．A.so B．but C．and D．or 答案　B 解析　“我”虽然想独处，但是不想在圣诞节孤单一人。‎ ‎36．A.moved B．slipped C．came D．returned 答案　D 解析　上文提到“我”现在独自一人，说明“我”的家人已经回到(return)巴西了。‎ ‎37．A.pleased B．satisfied C．occupied D．bored 答案　C 解析　“我”也没有朋友相伴，因为朋友们都在忙自己的事。be occupied with相当于be busy with，意为“忙于”。‎ ‎38．A.shabby B．empty C．warm D．cozy 答案　B 解析　“我”此时的心情很伤感。既然家人已经回国，朋友们又都很忙，那么“我”只好在天要黑时回到空荡荡的(empty)家中。‎ ‎39．A.turn up B．hang out C．go away D．break in 答案　A 解析　夜幕降临，华灯初上，伤感的“我”希望有好心人出现(turn up)，请“我”去做客，体验节日的气氛。‎ ‎40．A.dealt B．discounted C．wrapped D．donated 答案　C 解析　别人家里都有用亮晶晶的人造雪装扮好的圣诞树和包装好的(wrapped)礼物。‎ ‎41．A.tired B．nervous C．excited D．upset 答案　D 解析　上文第二段倒数第二句中有made me sad，本空前有more一词，因此此处是在暗示“我”感到更加不高兴。upset不快的，心烦的。‎ ‎42．A.called up B．called for C．called on D．called in 答案　A 解析　在集市上，“我”看到人们在买各种各样的东西，这让“我”想起(call up)了小时候收到的礼物。‎ ‎43．A.down B．up C．aside D．about 答案　B 解析　在教堂外面，马槽已经被安放(set up)好了。‎ ‎44．A.hugging B．bowing C．crossing D．bending 答案　C 解析　人们祈祷时，常用手(在胸前)画十字(cross)。‎ ‎45．A.great B．joyful C．painful D．potential 答案　C 解析　根据此句中的struggled可知，“我”在回家的路上，意识到离开巴西仍然是段痛苦的(painful)经历。‎ ‎46．A.cases B．limits C．losses D．worries 答案　C 解析　“我”之前还在为我所失去(loss)的感到痛苦，但是那一刻“我”第一次意识到自己获得了什么，正所谓“有失必有得”。‎ ‎47．A.lonely B．educated C．shy D．wealthy 答案　B 解析　“我”所得到的是：独立，受过教育，身体健康。根据第二段第二句中的a college student可知。‎ ‎48．A.possibility B．sight C．sadness D．hardship 答案　A 解析　“我”的生命还在继续，充满了各种可能(possibility)。‎ ‎49．A.surprise B．defeat C．prize D．credit 答案　D 解析　那个圣诞节，“我”为自己当前的所得而赞扬自己并承诺继续前行。give sb.credit for因为……而赞扬某人。‎ ‎50．A.select B．value C．save D．admit 答案　B 解析　这是“我”迄今为止获得的最好的礼物，也是“我”最重视(value)的礼物。‎ 第三部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节　(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A ‎(2018•常熟高二检测)‎ Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone，not in features but in footsteps.As he grows you also age，and your ambitions become more unachievable.You begin to realize that your boy，in your footsteps，could probably accomplish what you hoped for.But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.‎ My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten.Science projects waited until the last moment.Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.‎ I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life.My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English.But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade，he became a “votech” student(技校学生)．They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.‎ When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”，I was shocked.“Hey，he’s a good kid，” I wanted to say.“And smart，really.”‎ I learned later that motorheads are，indeed，different.They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes.And they don’t often make school honor rolls.‎ But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education.We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have.I began to learn this when I had my car crashed.The cost to repair it was estimated at 800.“Hey，I can fix it，” said Jody.I doubted it，but let him go ahead，for I had nothing to lose.‎ My son，with other motorheads，fixed the car.They got parts from a junkyard，and ability from votech classes.The cost was 25 instead of 800.‎ Since that first repair job，a broken airconditioner，a nonfunctioning washer and a nontoasting toaster have been fixed.Neighbors and coworkers trust their car repairs to him.‎ These kids are happiest when doing repairs.They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world.And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.‎ I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers，engineers need mechanics，and architects need builders.Most importantly，I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.‎ My son may never make the school honor roll.But he made mine.‎ 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。作者一开始希望自己的儿子能效仿他，完成他没有实现的目标。但是儿子学习成绩不理想，只上了技校。一次作者的车坏了，儿子及其同学帮助他修好了车，让作者改变了自己的看法。‎ ‎51．The author let his son repair the car because he believed that .‎ A．his son had the ability to fix it B．it would save him much time C．it wouldn’t cause him any more loss D．other motorheads would come to help 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“I doubted it，but let him go ahead，for I had nothing to lose.”可知，作者认为让儿子帮他修车也没什么损失。故选C。‎ ‎52．What did the author realize in the end?‎ A．It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.‎ B．It is important for one to make the honor roll.‎ C．Architects play a more important role than builders.‎ D．Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“Most importantly，I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.”可知，作者最后意识到让孩子按自己所期望的道路走是不明智的。故选A。‎ B ‎(2019•广东惠州调研)‎ Workers at an Indian startup company are busy cutting up pieces of metal and using them to make unusual devices.Company officials say these devices will capture smoke from diesel(柴油) generators and turn it into ink.Young engineers believe the technology will help to clean up the air in New Delhi，India’s capital.Its air quality is among the dirtiest in the world.‎ People often blame the millions of cars on the streets of New Delhi for the air pollution.But another big reason is the city’s diesel generators.Industries and buildings use the huge machines to light up homes and offices during power outages.These outages often strike in the summer months.‎ Arpit Dhupar is one of the three engineers who set up the startup company Chakr Innovation.He says that pollution from cars and other vehicles attract the attention of all the media，but adds that “the silent polluters are the diesel generators.” Dhupar decided to find a way to fight air pollution three years ago.At the time，he saw a wall blackened from the smoke coming from a diesel generator.This sight led to the creation of Chakr Innovation.Dhupar had personally experienced the effect of the air pollution.He developed breathing problems while growing up in Delhi.‎ After over two years of research and development，Chakr Innovation has begun ‎ selling devices to capture pollution from diesel engines.To date，the devices have been set up in 50 places，including private businesses.‎ The technology involves cooling the air pollution in a “heat exchanger” where the dirty particles come together.These are then moved into another area that captures 70 to 90 percent of the particulate(微粒的) matter.The carbon is isolated from the emissions and turned into ink.‎ In recent years，there has been a lot of talk about improving Delhi’s air by reducing vehicular pollution and making stronger rules for vehicle manufacturers.But the same has not happened for diesel generators.There are efforts to punish businesses that dirty the air，but this often leads to them finding ways to get around the rules.‎ Tushar Mathur works at Chakr Innovation.He feels that turning smoke into ink is a useful solution.He calls the technology “a winwin between businesses and the environment”．‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过描述印度新德里的环境现状，向我们介绍了一种把烟变成墨水的改善环境的方法。‎ ‎53．What do we know about the devices from Paragraph 1?‎ A．They are made in a big company.‎ B．They are cut into pieces of metal.‎ C．They can turn dirty smoke into ink.‎ D．They will certainly clean up the dirty air.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Company officials say these devices will capture smoke from diesel(柴油) generators and turn it into ink.”可知，它们可以把污浊的烟变成墨水。‎ ‎54．The air pollution in New Delhi may be the most serious in .‎ A．March B．July C．September D．December 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在新德里除了车辆所产生的污染物外，柴油发电机是空气污染的另一个重要的原因，而最后一句说明夏天是停电的高峰期，而柴油发电机显然是在停电期间使用最多，可推断出夏季很可能是空气污染最严重的季节。故选B项。‎ ‎55．What caused Dhupar to found Chakr Innovation?‎ A．The determination to fight air pollution.‎ B．The development of breathing problems.‎ C．The media attention to vehicular pollution.‎ D．The sight of a wall blackened by smoke.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At the time，he saw a wall blackened from the smoke coming from a diesel generator.This sight led to the creation of Chakr Innovation.”可知，一堵被烟熏黑的墙使Dhupar创立了Chakr Innovation。故选D项。‎ C ‎(2019•南京、盐城一模)‎ How would you describe your style? Formal? Classical? Casual? Smart? First of all，what is style? Let’s hear a few words of wisdom from the wise.“Style is knowing who you are and what you want to say，” (Gore Vidal); “Style is an expression of individualism mixed with charm，” (John Fairchild); “Style is the perfection of a point of view，” (Robert Eberhart); “Style is a simple way of saying complicated things，” (Jean Cocteau); “Style is the dress of thoughts，” (Lord Chesterfield)．‎ So，now you know what style is，you’ll need to buy some clothes.But where? In the UK，you can get really cheap，stylish，secondhand clothes at charity shops.They’re great if you want exclusive labels but don’t want to pay the price.The only difficulty is discovering where the really good bargains are.But don’t worry，Leila Gray can help you here.She’s the proud owner of a vintage Hardy Amies coat，picked up at a charity shop for ￡20—a good deal when you realize it cost more than ￡800 new.“You have to go to the richer areas of a city，” she says.“That’s where all the labels are.It can take a bit of hunting around，but that is half the fun，and there’s a lot of buried treasure just waiting to be discovered.”‎ So，now you know where to buy your new，stylish clothes，how do you acquire your style? Experts say that mixing and matching from charity shops can help you find your own style—something that’s really you.That’s what Scottish musician Momus did.“My fashion tip is this，” he says，“look at yourself with the eye of a graphic designer.If you can’t be attractive，aim for ‘interesting’ or ‘original’．” Momus’ unique style could even make him happier，too.As psychologist Marilyn Elias explains，the happiest people “judge themselves by their own yardsticks，never against what others do or have”．‎ Shoichi Aoki，the founder of Japanese street style magazine FRUiTS，agrees.“I think real fashion is what people wear on the streets，the clothes that they wear，the way that they wear them，” he says.“What you see in fashion magazines and on models has been styled and it’s more commercial.” He says that his inspiration for FRUiTS came from people combining traditional Japanese clothing such as the kimono and “geta” (Japanese wooden clogs) with Western fashion.“This really caught my eye，” Aoki adds.These styles may seem wild，but Aoki’s idea is not：be bold，be creative and find something that suits you.‎ Maybe it’s time to create your own look.There are many online guides to help you.Perhaps the best advice comes from a website called wikiHow，“If you see something you like，” it says，“feel free to copy，but don’t make yourself a clone...mix it up and make it yours.” Think about it!‎ 语篇解读　本文讲述的是什么是风格时尚以及如何实现自己的风格时尚。‎ ‎56．What should you first do to choose the style that best suits you?‎ A．Follow the images of the wise people.‎ B．Go for whatever is fashionable.‎ C．Simplify complicated expressions.‎ D．Figure out what a true style is.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由第一段及文章第二段第一句的过渡句可得知，首先要弄明白究竟什么是“style”。‎ ‎57．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Getting clothes of leading brands.‎ B．Buying clothes at rather low prices.‎ C．Searching for really good bargains.‎ D．Starting a charity shop selling clothes.‎ 答案　C 解析　代词指代题。由第二段内容，尤其是其中的“The only difficulty is discovering where the really good bargains are.”及画线词所在句可知，that指代上文的good bargains。故选C。‎ ‎58．What is the focus of Shoichi Aoki and his magazine FRUiTS?‎ A．Commercialization of fashion magazines.‎ B．Expression of something personal and creative.‎ C．Designing fashionable wear for men in the street.‎ D．Promoting Japanese traditional clothing worldwide.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段内容，尤其是最后一句“These styles may seem wild，but Aoki’s idea is not：be bold，be creative and find something that suits you.”可知，Shoichi Aoki和他的杂志FRUiTS的焦点在于表达个人的以及有创造性的东西。‎ ‎59．What is probably the best title for the passage?‎ A．How to Find the Style That Suits You B．Where to Pick up a Bargain C．What to Wear to Develop Your Style D．Whom to Model to Be Popular 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要讲述的是什么是风格时尚以及如何实现自己的风格时尚。‎ D I was sent，at an early age，to a public school against my mother’s wishes，but my father insisted that it was the only way to make boys hardy.The school was kept by a responsible person of the ancient system; that is to say，we were flogged(鞭打) soundly when we did not get our lessons.We were put into classes and flogged on in groups along the highways of knowledge，in the same manner as cattle are driven to market，where those that are heavy in pace or short in leg have to suffer for the superior quickness or longer legs of their companions.‎ For my part，I admit it with shame—I was quite poor in lessons.I have always had the poetical feeling.I used to get away from my books and school whenever I could，and wander about the fields.‎ In spite of all the floggings I suffered at that school to make me love my book，I cannot but look back upon the place with fondness.Indeed，I considered this frequent flogging as the regular mode in which scholars were made.My kind mother used to be sad about my details of the painful trials I underwent in the course of learning; but my ‎ father turned a deaf ear to her disapproval.He had been flogged through school himself，and swore there was no other way of making a man of (many) parts(多才多艺)；though，let me speak it with all due respect，my father was but an indifferent illustration of his own theory，for he was considered quite a stupid.‎ My poetical temperament(气质) showed itself at a very early period.The village church was attended every Sunday by a neighbouring squire(庄园主)，whose park stretched quite to the village，and whose spacious country seat seemed to take the church under its protection.Indeed，you would have thought the church had been devoted to him instead of to the God.He always entered a little late，striking his cane(敲着拐杖) emphatically(明显地) on the ground，and looking proudly to the right and left.The priest never began service until he appeared.He sat with his family in a large church bench，reading lessons and lowliness of spirit out of prayerbooks.Whenever the priest spoke of the difficulty of a rich man’s entering the Kingdom of heaven，I thought the squire seemed pleased with the application.‎ The aristocratic(贵族的) air of the family struck my imagination wonderfully，and I fell desperately in love with a little daughter of the squire’s about twelve years of age.It made me more absent from my studies than ever.I used to wander about the squire’s park，and would wait secretly near the house to catch glimpses of this girl at the windows.‎ I was not brave enough to take the risk to express my love until I read one or two of Ovid’s Metamorphoses，when I pictured myself as some wood god，and her as a shy wood goddess，whom I was in pursuit of.There is something extremely delicious in these early awakenings of the loving passion.Then I began to read poetry.I carried about in my chest a book of poems by Waller，and I applied to my little fair one all the admiration given to Sacharissa.‎ At length I danced with her at a school ball.I was so awkward that I dared scarcely speak to her; but I was so inspired that my poetical temperament for the first time broke out in poetry.I slipped(把……塞进……) the poem，trembling and blushing(脸红)，into her hand the next Sunday as she came out of church.She handed them to her mamma; the mamma handed them to the squire，the squire，who had no soul for poetry，sent them in anger to the schoolmaster; and the schoolmaster gave me a sound flogging.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者上学时所经历的痛苦，对诗歌的天赋以及暗恋上一个女孩的经历。‎ ‎60．The author’s father sent his son to a public school mainly .‎ A．to learn more knowledge B．to develop his responsibility C．to toughen the boy up D．to meet upper class people 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“but my father insisted that it was the only way to make boys hardy”可知，作者的父亲把他送到公立学校是为了让他变得更坚强。故选C项。‎ ‎61．The schooling is compared to driving cattle to market to make the point that .‎ A．students’ individuality was discouraged B．students were punished for poor performances C．students are grouped according to ability D．students were treated inhumanely 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的“we were flogged(鞭打) soundly when we did not get our lessons”可知选B。‎ ‎62．It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that .‎ A．the author believed one had to be punished to learn well B．the author’s father got on well in school in his youth C．the author had great respect for his father D．the author’s parents were on bad terms 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Indeed，I considered this frequent flogging as the regular mode in which scholars were made.”可知选A。‎ ‎63．Which of the following can best describe the author’s tone in introducing the squire?‎ A．Admiring. B．Sceptical.‎ C．Ironical(讽刺的). D．Approving.‎ 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据第四段第三句“Indeed，you would have thought the church had been devoted to him instead of to the God.”可知，作者的语气是讽刺的。‎ ‎64．The name Sacharissa is .‎ A．the name of wood goddess in Ovid’s Metamorphoses B．the first name of the girl with whom the author falls in love C．a name invented by the author because he didn’t know the girl’s real name D．the woman to whom the poet Waller wrote love poems 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“I carried about in my chest a book of poems by Waller，and I applied to my little fair one all the admiration given to Sacharissa.”可知，Sacharissa是诗人Waller赠予情诗的女子的名字。‎ ‎65．Which of the following best describes the author’s feelings in the passage?‎ A．Glad that those years are gone.‎ B．Bitter about the way he was treated by adults.‎ C．Amused by the trials of growing up.‎ D．Regretful for the days of his boyhood.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者以诙谐幽默的口吻讲述了成长过程中的一些经历，所以他觉得那些经历都是有趣的。‎ 第二节　(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Why We Still Need to Read Dickens Walk into any bookstore，and you can hardly avoid “bumping into” Charles Dickens.Many of Dickens’s works still sell well today. 66 ‎ As someone who teaches Dickens，the question of why we still read him is often on my mind. 67 One day nearly 10 years ago，however，when I was giving a lecture，I was telling the students that for Victorian readers，Dickens’s writing was a “tuneinnextweek” type of thing that generated crazes. 68 “But why should we still read this stuff？” the student asked.The answer I gave was only acceptable，“Because he teaches you how to think，” I said.‎ The question annoyed me for years，and for years I told myself answers，but never with complete satisfaction.We read Dickens because he is not just a man of his own times，but also a man for our times.We read Dickens because we can learn from experiences of his characters almost as easily as we can learn from our own experiences.‎ ‎ 69 But these are not exactly the reason why I read Dickens.My search for an answer continued until one day a text message came from a student of mine.“We still read Dickens’s novels，” she wrote，“because they tell us why we are what we are.” Simple as it was，that’s the explanation I had sought for years.‎ Dickens shines a light on who we are during the best of times and worst of times. 70 If you have time，go to pick up one of his many novels，read it and enjoy what it has to tell you about yourself.‎ A．Then a hand shot up.‎ B．I knew that wasn’t really the reason.‎ C．And they are placed on outstanding shelves.‎ D．That question was never more troubling.‎ E．That’s why we still need to read him today.‎ F．I already know who it is I’ll meet in those novels.‎ G．These are all wonderful reasons to read Dickens.‎ 语篇解读　本文对为什么我们今天依然要阅读狄更斯著作的原因进行了分析。‎ ‎66．答案　C 解析　根据前文内容“走进任何一家书店，你肯定会看到狄更斯的书。他的很多作品直到现在仍然畅销。”再结合选项，可知C项“它们被放在很显眼的书架上。”符合语境，承接上文。故选C。‎ ‎67．答案　D 解析　根据上文“the question of why we still read him is often on my mind”以及下一段中“The question annoyed me for years...”可知，这个问题很烦人，让作者烦恼了许多年。故选D。‎ ‎68．答案　A 解析　根据“‘But why should we still read this stuff？’ the student asked.”可知有一个学生举手提问。故选A。‎ ‎69．答案　G 解析　上一段提到了阅读狄更斯著作的原因，而空后一句“But these are not exactly the reason why I read Dickens.”可知，此句在此应该承上启下，故选G项：这些都是阅读狄更斯著作的很好的理由。‎ ‎70．答案　E 解析　结合全文内容可知，空前一句是作者最终得出的为什么我们今天依然要阅读狄更斯著作的原因。故选E。‎ 第四部分　语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular among Chinese audience.Those programs，ranging from talent or dating shows to reality shows， 71 (receive) both commercial success and public attention.‎ Their popularity is 72 (main) based on simple facts.First，they care 73 social concerns.Second，without exception，they explore a perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.‎ Despite apparent highlights，much room 74 (leave) for improvement.Above all，commercial interests often outweigh 75 (education) purposes，causing many complaints about the 76 (bearable) advertisements.In addition，some sharp remarks， 77 they are eyecatching，may have misleading effects on the youth.‎ In my opinion，such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely 78 (entertain) the public. 79 is expected，these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions.Meanwhile，the 80 (medium) should also safeguard the values of our society.‎ 语篇解读　本文为议论文。作者认为娱乐节目不仅要娱乐观众，同时应承担起更多的社会责任。‎ ‎71．答案　have received 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，programs为复数名词，且和receive之间为主谓关系，又由上句中的时间状语In recent years可知，谓语动词应用have received。‎ ‎72．答案　mainly 解析　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，is based on为动词短语，故用副词mainly修饰。‎ ‎73．答案　about 解析　考查固定搭配。care about为固定搭配，意为“关心/关注”。故填about。‎ ‎74．答案　is left ‎ 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，leave和room([U]空间)为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用被动语态，且句子描述的是一般性事实，时态与上文保持一致，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is left。‎ ‎75．答案　educational 解析　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词purposes，应用形容词。故填educational，意为“有教育意义的”。‎ ‎76．答案　unbearable 解析　考查词形转换。根据句中的complaints可知，该空应用bearable的反义词，在单词前加前缀un。‎ ‎77．答案　though/although 解析　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导让步状语从句，故用though或although。‎ ‎78．答案　entertaining 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，of为介词，故用动名词作宾语。‎ ‎79．答案　As 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as意为“正如”。‎ ‎80．答案　media 解析　考查名词的单复数。由语境可知，此处泛指所有媒体，故用medium的复数形式media。‎ 第五部分　书面表达(满分25分)‎ 请认真阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。‎ ‎(2018•南京金陵中学高二检测)‎ When 4yearold British royal family member Prince George started his first day of school in September，Chinese language was on his curriculum(课程)．‎ And he wasn’t alone.According to a report published by the British Council in September，about 51% of UK parents want their children to learn Chinese，as it’s believed to be one of the most useful languages to know.‎ In fact，the UK isn’t the only country showing a growing interest in Chinese.In the USA，the language has become the second most spoken foreign language this year，only after Spanish，with over 2.1 million speakers，according to a survey by a US financial news website.‎ So far,67 countries and regions have included Chinese in their national curriculum，reported the China news website.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 写作内容 ‎ ‎1．用约30个单词写出上文概要；‎ ‎2．用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：‎ ‎(1)简要分析“汉语热”的原因(2－3点)；‎ ‎(2)谈谈作为一名中学生，你应当怎样做才能更好地迎接“汉语热”。‎ ‎ 写作要求 ‎ ‎1．阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；‎ ‎2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎3．不必写标题。‎ ‎ 评分标准 ‎ 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。‎ ‎ 参考范文 ‎ Considered as one of the most useful foreign languages，Chinese has gained great popularity in foreign countries such as the UK and the USA.Many countries and regions have included it in their national curriculum.‎ Why are so many countries enthusiastic about learning Chinese？One reason may be that as China continues to develop rapidly，Chinese is increasingly becoming a useful tool for people’s personal and professional growth.Many people believe that China will be the next great superpower even if it’s not a superpower like America and learning Chinese is the best way to seal tomorrow’s deals.Also，China is a country with a long history，rich in beautiful natural scenery，delicious foods and colorful ‎ culture.Learning Chinese can help foreigners know the mysterious ancient country better.‎ As a middle school student，I will take every opportunity to teach Chinese to foreign friends in my city and vigorously promote the spirit of Chinese and Chinese culture，attracting many more foreigners to the wonderful land where miracles happen.‎