2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（16页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（16页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventors and inventions单元学案 单元基础知识过关复习 Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．(2014·武汉市高中毕业生2月调研)Right now, the government should adopt a far more ________ approach to push the state’s economy forward.‎ A．dynamic　　　　　　　　　 B．apparent C．desperate D．previous ‎2．Money doesn’t necessarily buy happiness, so we can safely draw a conclusion that making a fortune is not always a good ________ for a happy life.‎ A．challenge B．criterion C．ingredient D．qualification ‎3．(2014·鄂州高三期末)Economic reform can only occur at a time when both internal and external conditions of a country are ________ enough.‎ A．abundant B．identical C．ripe D．distinct ‎4．(2014·黄冈市高三期末)It is important to ________ between the rules of grammar and the conventions of written language.‎ A．determine B．identify C．explore D．distinguish ‎5．(2014·湖北省八校联考)As their memories________， some old people tend to be talkative because they easily forget what has just been said.‎ A．reproduce B．decrease C．decline D．associate ‎6．(2014·黄石调研)A wellwritten composition ________ a good choice of words and clear organization among other things.‎ A．calls on B．calls for C．calls up D．calls off ‎7．Having questioned the spy for two days, the officer didn’t ________ any valuable information.‎ A．seize B．recover C．obtain D．afford ‎8．It is very important for teachers to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________.‎ A．consequence B．independence C．competence D．intelligence ‎9．(2014·武汉市武昌区高三联考)The winner of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature, Mo Yan, said he did not have high ________ of winning.Actually, he thought he had a slim chance to win.‎ A．assumptions B．expectations C．satisfactions impressions ‎ ‎10．(2014·湖北襄阳高三调研)My mother is too old to live on ‎ her own, so we’re fixing up the ________ room for her.‎ A．ultimate B．arbitrary C．spare D．valid Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．(2014·武昌区元月调研)You’ll be surprised to see ________________________________ in our English study in the last two months！(progress)‎ 看到我们在过去的两个月时间英语学习取得了多么快的进步，你一定会觉得很惊讶。‎ ‎2．________________________________________， we know that she must have passed the test for driving license.(judge)‎ 从她兴奋的表情来判断，我们知道她一定通过了驾照考试。‎ ‎3．Mary was wearing a diamond necklace borrowed from her friend, merely hoping to ______________________ at the party.(notice)‎ 玛丽戴着从朋友那里借来的钻石项链，目的不过是希望在聚会上能引起大家的注意。‎ ‎4．Don’t be discouraged.________________ they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.(take)‎ 不要泄气。顺其自然，你就会享受生活中的每一天。‎ ‎5．Either Tom or the boy from the next class _________________________ head of the research group.After all, neither you nor I am given the chance.(appoint)‎ 要么是汤姆，或者是隔壁班上的那个男孩被任命为这个研究小组的头头了，反正你我都没有机会。‎ ‎6．With ________________________， they turned their negotiation to another.(agree)‎ 第一点达成一致后，他们的谈判又转向另一点。‎ ‎7．There are many serious health problems ______________________________.(associate)‎ 一些严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。‎ ‎8．You ________________________ your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.(bear)‎ 你必须记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。‎ ‎9．Though parents do know that children should be taught ________________________， they often don’t practice so well.(distinguish)‎ 虽然父母们知道应该教孩子分辨好坏，但却做得不是那么好。‎ ‎10．________________________ can be a lengthy process and any mistakes in your application will slow things down.(apply)‎ 申请一个专利可能需要较长的时间，而且在你申请当中的任何错误都会耽误时间。‎ 答 案 Ⅰ.1.选A　考查形容词辨析。句意：现在，政府应该采取更有力的手段来推进经济发展。dynamic意为“强有力的；动态的”，符合语境。apparent意为“显然的”；desperate意为“绝望的”；previous意为“以前的”。‎ ‎2．选B　考查名词辨析。句意：钱不一定能买来幸福，因此，我们能得出结论：发财并不总是衡量幸福的合适标准。challenge“挑战”；criterion“标准；准则”；ingredient“要素；成分”‎ ‎；qualification“资格；条件”。故B项正确。‎ ‎3．选C　考查形容词辨析。句意：经济改革只发生在一个国家的内外条件都足够成熟的时候。C项意为“成熟的”，符合语境。A项意为“大量的；充足的”；B项意为“同一的”；D项意为“与众不同的”。‎ ‎4．选D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：区分语法规则和语言书面语中的习惯用法很重要。determine“决心；决定”；identify“确认”；explore “探究；探索”；distinguish“区别；辨别”，distinguish between ...and ...＝distinguish ...from ...，意为“区别/区分/辨别……与……”，符合语境。‎ ‎5．选C　考查动词辨析。句意：随着记忆力的减退，一些老年人变得唠叨起来，因为他们很容易忘掉他们刚刚说过的话。reproduce“复制；再现……声音或形象”；decrease“(使大小、数量等)减少；减小”；decline“衰弱；衰退”；associate“联系；联想”。根据语境可知，答案选C。‎ ‎6．选B　句意：一篇好的作文还需要选词准确，结构清晰。call on/upon “访问(人)；号召”；call for “要求；需要”；call up “使想起；打电话给”；call off “取消”。‎ ‎7．选C　句意：盘问了这个间谍两天了，警方没有获得任何有用的信息。obtain“得到；获得”，符合句意。seize“抓住”；recover“恢复”；afford“付得起”。 ‎ ‎8．选C　考查名词辨析。句意：为了保持专业能力，老师需要不断地更新他们的知识。competence“能力”，符合句意。consequence“结果”；independence“独立”；intelligence“智力”。‎ ‎9．选B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：2012年诺贝尔文学奖的获得者莫言说他对得奖的期望不高。实际上，他认为他得奖的可能性不大。根据句意可知expectations“期望”正确。assumption“假设；假定”；satisfaction“满足；满意”；impression“印象”。‎ ‎10．选C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的妈妈年纪大了，以至于她不能独自生活，因此我们正在装修闲置的房间给她住。这里用spare，表示“闲置的；不用的”。ultimate“极端的；最后的”；arbitrary“武断的；任意的”；valid“有效的”。‎ Ⅱ.1.what rapid progress we have made ‎2．Judging by/from her excited look/expression ‎3．make herself noticed ‎4．Take things as ‎5．has been appointed ‎6．the first point agreed on ‎7．which/that are associated with smoking ‎8．must bear in mind that ‎9．to distinguish right from wrong ‎10．Applying for a patent 单元知识能力综合测试 Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2017·河北省冀州中学高三年级考试)‎ Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.‎ The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn't become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.‎ But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.‎ In the mid1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of road—a base layer (层) of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same lime, metal hubs (the central part of a wheel) came into being, followed by the wheels that were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmac roads (柏油路). As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.‎ ‎1．What might explain why transport wheels didn't become popular for some time?‎ A．Few knew how to use transport wheels.‎ B．Humans carried farming tools just as well.‎ C．Animals were a good means of transport.‎ D．The existence of transport wheels was not known.‎ ‎2．What do we know about road design from the passage?‎ A．It was easier than wheel design.‎ B．It improved after big changes in vehicle design.‎ C．It was promoted by fastmoving vehicles.‎ D．It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.‎ ‎3．How is the last paragraph mainly developed?‎ A．By giving examples. ‎ B．By making comparisons.‎ C．By following time order. ‎ D．By making classifications.‎ ‎4．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．The beginning of road design. ‎ B．The development of transport wheels.‎ C．The history of public transport.‎ D．The invention of fastmoving vehicles.‎ 答案与解析 轮子是什么时候发明的呢？最早的用途又是什么呢？这些问题无人能回答。但是我们知道，轮子存在的时间已经超过5 500年。‎ ‎1．C　细节理解题。由第二段第四句“This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.”可知，动物在运载农具和人这一方面起了很重要的作用，这是轮子一时没有流行的原因。‎ ‎2．D　细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival ‎ of modern road design.”可知，在现代的道路设计之前，轮子和车辆的设计是没有重大变化的。故D项“道路设计为轮子设计的发展提供了条件”正确。‎ ‎3．C　文章结构题。根据第四段中的“mid1700s” “1820s” “1967”可知，整个段落是按时间顺序展开说明的。‎ ‎4．B　主旨大意题。由文章全文内容尤其是第一段可知，本文主要介绍了轮子的发展，所以B项正确。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2017·永安、连城、华安、漳平、泉港、龙海联考)‎ How to Make Friends Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves selfworth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend. __1__ But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.‎ ‎1. Associate with others.‎ The first step to make friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.‎ ‎2. Start a conversation.‎ Starting a conversation is the second most important step ‎ in making new friends. __2__ You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talks is a very useful skill in relating with other people.‎ ‎3．__3__‎ Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.‎ ‎4. Let it grow.‎ It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. __4__ The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.‎ ‎5. Enjoy your friendship. ‎ The best way to enjoy friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. __5__ Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. ‎ A．For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.‎ B．Do things together.‎ C．Making new friends comes easy for some people.‎ D．Do not wait to be spoken to.‎ E．Try not to find fault with your friends.‎ F．Be cheerful.‎ G．So you will need to give your friend time to react to ‎ you.‎ 答案与解析 友谊在人际关系中是非常重要的，如何与人成为朋友呢？本文提出一些建议。‎ ‎1．C　根据后面的“But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.”可知前面说的是这个过程对一些人来说很容易。所以选C。‎ ‎2．D　由后面的“You can always start the conversation.”可知，你可以开始一段对话，所以前面应该是不要等着别人先和你说话。‎ ‎3．B　根据后面的“as these interests would always bring you and your friend together.”可知选B项。‎ ‎4．G　前面说不要通过电话、短信或亲自拜访的方式给你的朋友施加压力，因为这可能会使对方疲惫不堪，最后你会失去友谊，因此你要给你的朋友时间，让他来回应你。‎ ‎5．E　前面一句说要允许你的朋友们做他们自己，也就是不要对朋友太挑剔。故选E。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2017·贵州省凯里市第一中学月考)‎ Many years ago，there was a family __1__ (name)Franklin.They lived in Boston.There were five girls and six boys in the family.On __2__ January day in 1706 another baby was born. The boy's mother and her husband gave the boy name—Benjamin.‎ Benjamin was the __3__ (clever)of all the children.He could read __4__ he was five and he could write when he was seven.The next year his parents sent him __5__ school.‎ In school Benjamin was good at reading and writing, but not good at maths.He read all of his father's books. And when he had money，he always went to buy books.They told him how to do something.The boy liked to use his head and tried to find ways to help people enjoy life more.For example，he tried to know if there was some way to swim farther，maybe with something on his hands or __6__ (foot). __7__ (slow)，a picture of __8__ (swim)shoes，or paddles，grew in his mind.The paddles must be neither too big __9__ too small.And they must be neither heavy nor light.At last he __10__ (invent)the paddle for swimming.‎ 答案与解析 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了本杰明·富兰克林。‎ ‎1．named　考查动词。句意：许多年以前，有一个叫富兰克林的一家人。此处named作family的后置定语。‎ ‎2．a　考查冠词。句意：在1706年一月的某一天，他们的另外一个孩子出生了。此处a表示“某一……”。‎ ‎3．cleverest　考查形容词最高级。句意：本杰明是所有孩子中最聪明的一个。故用cleverest。‎ ‎4．when　考查时间状语从句。句意：五岁时他就能阅读。此处when引导时间状语从句，表示 “当……时候”。‎ ‎5．to　考查动词短语。句意：第二年父母就把他送到了学校。send...to... “把某人送往某处”。‎ ‎6．feet　考查名词单复数。前文on his hands中名词为复数，前后对等，所以此处用 feet。‎ ‎7．Slowly　考查副词。句意：慢慢地，一双游泳鞋的图画在他的手中诞生。此处Slowly作状语。‎ ‎8．swimming　考查形容词。修饰名词shoes，要用形容词swimming。‎ ‎9．nor　考查副词。句意：这双鞋既不大也不小。neither...nor... “既不……也不……”。‎ ‎10．invented　考查动词时态。句意：最后他发明了游泳浆。此处指过去，故用一般过去时invented。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2017·拉萨中学月考)‎ When I first learned to write in English, I run into many difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese but tried to translate everything into Chinese. My teacher advised me to keep diaries. I followed her advice. Happily it worked. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote a short story and showed to my teacher. She liked it very much that she read it to the class. Everyone said the story was the good one. I was great encouraged by their words.‎ 答案 Ⅴ.书面表达 ‎(2017·郴州市质量监测)‎ 假定你是李华，高考(College Entrance Examination)后想去美国旅行20天，主要想更多地了解当地文化和习俗。给你的美国朋友Jason写信，请他根据你的时间和旅行目的对你附件中的行程(itinerary)进行一些修改。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．信的格式已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Jason，‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案 Dear_Jason，‎ My high school is over at last! I am planning to travel around America for 20 days after the College Entrance Examination, hoping to learn more about the local culture and custom.‎ Since I have never been there before and only got some information from the Internet, I am writing to ask you to do me a favor. Considering my travelling time and purposes, I wonder if you can make some changes to my itinerary in the attachment so that my trip can turn out more colorful and practical. After all, you know what suits me best.‎ I am looking forward to your reply and seeing you soon in America.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua_‎