【英语】河南省平顶山市2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试（解析版）

【英语】河南省平顶山市2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试（解析版）

河南省平顶山市2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试 考生注意:‎ ‎1. 答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置.‎ ‎2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号.回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效.‎ ‎3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.‎ 第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)‎ 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上.录音内容结束后,你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上.‎ 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.‎ 例:How much is the shirt?‎ A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.‎ 答案是C.‎ ‎1. How many people will attend the party on Wednesday evening?‎ A.3. B.5. C.6.‎ ‎2. How does the man find the problem?‎ A. Quite difficult. B. Very interesting. C. Too simple.‎ ‎3. Where will Steve probably be during the holiday?‎ A. In the mountains. . B. On the sunny beach. C. At home.‎ ‎4. Why is the man going to Paris?‎ A. To work there. B. To visit a friend. C. To have a vacation.‎ ‎5. What are the speakers talking about?‎ A. The guest. B. The design. C. The room.‎ 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独白读两遍.‎ 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题.‎ ‎6. What did the speakers do just now?‎ A. They watched a classical play.‎ B. They bought some medicine.‎ C. They met an interesting man.‎ ‎7. How many members are there in the family?‎ A.2. B.4. C.6.‎ 听第7段材料,回答第8、9题.‎ ‎8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Boss and secretary. B. Professor and student. C. Husband and wife.‎ ‎9. When will the man speaker probably be back?‎ A. At 3 pm. B. At 5:30 pm. C. At 4:30 pm.‎ 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题.‎ ‎10. What is probably the man?‎ A. A teacher. B. A librarian. C. A student.‎ ‎11. How many books will be on the man's card altogether?‎ A Two. B. Three. C. Four.‎ ‎12. Why are the single copies special?‎ A. Teachers can borrow them.‎ B. They can't be taken out of the library.‎ C. Only special people can borrow them.‎ 听第9段材料,回答第13至16题.‎ ‎13. How long will it take to get to Cambridge by bus?‎ A. Two and a half hours. B. 50 minutes. C. 9 hours.‎ ‎14. How often do trains run from King's Cross Station to Cambridge?‎ A. Every half-hour. B. Every one and a half hours. C. Every 9 minutes.‎ ‎15. What does the man advise the woman to do to reach Kings Cross Station?‎ A. Take a bus. B. Take a taxi. C. Take an underground train.‎ ‎16. How far is it from the first crossroads to the entrance?‎ A.30 meters. B.50 meters. C.40 meters.‎ 听第10段材料,回答第17至20题.‎ ‎17. What is the speech based on?‎ A. The research by Professor Susan Meadow.‎ B. The speaker's own experiences.‎ C. Susan Meadow's experiences.‎ ‎18. What has Professor Meadow been studying?‎ A. Gestures. B. Languages. C. Hands.‎ ‎19. What can a blind man probably do when he communicates?‎ A. He can't communicate with others.‎ B. He never uses gestures.‎ C. He may use his hands to help him.‎ ‎20. How do people get the ability to gesture?‎ A. They learn it from others.‎ B. They are born with it.‎ C. They learn it by accident.‎ 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)‎ 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.‎ A Here are four fun Thanksgiving tradition facts.‎ Turkey and cranberry sauce (小红莓果酱)‎ While the Native Americans and Pilgrims are believed to have feasted on geese, lobster, cod and deer, present-day Thanksgiving dinners mainly feature turkey. Some experts believe the birds were selected because they were cheper, and easier to rise. The bird was suggested by Sarah Josepha Hale to make Thanksgiving a national holiday. Since President Abraham Lincoln loved roasted turkey, he happily included the bird on his Thanksgiving menu. The idea of pairing the ‎ bird with cranberry sauce is believed to be the brainchild of Civil War Union General Ulysses S. Grant in 1864.‎ Turkey Trots Many Americans build up their appetites (食欲) for the holiday feast by participating in their town or city's morning runs, or "Turkey Trots". The fun tradition was started in 1896 by six people of Buffalo, New York. It is the world's oldest footrace, attracting over 14,000 runners of all ages and abilities every year.‎ Thanksgiving parades American retailer Macy's has been holding a Thanksgiving parade along Manhattan's 77th Street and Central Pack West since 1924. Though the popular event, which attracts over 3.5 million people in person and about 50 million television viewers, now contains giant floats (花车), the first parade featured animals from New York's Central Park Zoo.‎ The Presidential turkey pardon Every year, two lucky turkeys escape the Thanksgiving table due to a special pardoning supported by the US president. People credit the fun tradition to President Harry Truman (April 12, 1945 to January 20, 1953). Though at first, just one bird could be freed, a "spare" was added in 1981, after a turkey named Liberty escaped by accident before President Ronald Reagan was able to grant (授予) his pardon at the ceremony.‎ ‎1. Which of the following traditions has the longest history?‎ A. Turkey Trots. B. Thanksgiving parades.‎ C. Turkey and cranberry sauce. D. The Presidential turkey pardon.‎ ‎2. Which is a benefit of many Americans observing the tradition "Turkey Trots"?‎ A. Building good relationships with others. ‎ B. Winning awards given by the government.‎ C. Adding a new tradition to the festival. ‎ D. Physically preparing for the coming holiday feast.‎ ‎3. The presidential turkey pardon was changed in 1981 probably to ___________.‎ A. make it easy to name the turkeys B. attract more people to participate C. give the pardoned turkey a partner D. make sure the pardon could be carried out ‎【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，四个传统的历史：Turkey and cranberry sauce在1864年形成；Turkey Trots在1896年形成；Thanksgiving parades始于1924年；The Presidential turkey pardon形成于1945年或之后。因此可知，历史最悠久的应是Turkey and cranberry sauce。故选C项。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据 Turkey Trots部分的Many Americans build up their appetites (食欲) for the holiday feast by participating in their town or city's morning runs, or "Turkey Trots".可知，许多美国人通过参加他们所在城镇的晨跑或“火鸡小跑”来增加节日大餐的食欲。许多美国人参加Turkey Trots的一个好处是使自己更有胃口去吃节日盛宴。故选D项。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据The Presidential turkey pardon部分的Though at first, just one bird could be freed, a "spare" was added in 1981, after a turkey named Liberty escaped by accident before President Ronald Reagan was able to grant (授予) his pardon at the ceremony.可知，起初，只有一只鸟可以被释放，1981年，一只名为“自由”的火鸡在里根总统能够在仪式上赦免他之前意外逃脱，之后又增加了一只“备用”火鸡。由此可知，仪式上多了一只被赦免的火鸡是为了确保赦免仪式能正常进行。故选D项。‎ B Twenty-year old Brian, our eldest son, was riding his motorcycle home from work when a drunken driver ran him down. The driver, Ruben Gonzalez, was accused of man-slaughter (过失杀人). For three years we had waited. Now we were to be in court (法庭) in three weeks' time, when the judge would sentence (判决) Gonzalez at last.‎ ‎"Jeri," our lawyer said,"there is a chance that the judge might delay (延期) Gonzalez's sentence because his boy has a bad heart and may only live six months. Please be prepared." "Prepared for what?" I shouted. "The possibility of Brian's killer going unpunished?"‎ In the car, I sat in silent agony as my husband Charles drove us home. I believed that the man who had killed my beautiful son should be punished. It might teach others a lesson about drinking and driving. All I wanted was a twenty-month prison term.‎ On the day of the sentencing, the courtroom was filled with our relatives and friends. When it was time for me to read my statement, I glanced at Mr. Gonzalez and said, "I pray that God will ‎ let your boy live. But if you lose him, you will know the feeling we have known losing our son." Then judge Gilroy called Gonzalez forward and pronounced the sentence. Twenty months in prison, to be served immediately.‎ I just sat there, feeling no relief. The lawyer said we could go if we wished, but I couldn't move. My mind spun all the next day. I said to Charles, "I know this sounds strange after all we've been through, but I feel very strongly that we should ask the court to let Mr. Conzalez be with his son." Relief flooded my husband's face and I knew he felt the same. He picked up the phone and dialed the judge's office. "I hope it's not too late, " Charles said.‎ The next day we were back in the courtroom. Ruben Gonzalez was called forward by judge Gilroy and told that he would be allowed to spend his son's final days with him, after which he would complete a six-month prison term.‎ ‎4. What had the author and her husband probably waited for?‎ A. Apology from Gonzalez. B. The police arresting Gonzalez.‎ C. The court putting Gonzalez into prison. D. The judge delaying Gonzalez's sentence.‎ ‎5. What does the underlined word "agony" in paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A. Doubt. B. Pain. C. Shame. D. Peace.‎ ‎6. What can we know from the original sentence for Gonzalez?‎ A. It brought much relief to the author.‎ B. It completely met what the author had wanted.‎ C. Gonzalez was slightly punished because of his son.‎ D. The author's statement had a large influence on it.‎ ‎7. Which of the following can best describe the author and her husband?‎ A. Heartless. B. Undetermined.‎ C. Merciful. D. Honest.‎ ‎【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B 7. C ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段的For three years we had waited. Now we were to be in court (法庭) in three weeks' time, when the judge would sentence (判决) Gonzalez at last.可知，我们已经等了三年。现在，我们将在三周后出庭，届时法官将最终判决冈萨雷斯。由此可知，作者和丈夫在等法庭对肇事司机的最后判决。故选C项。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的"Prepared for what?" I shouted. "The possibility of Brian's killer going unpunished?"可知，“准备什么？”我叫道。“杀害布莱恩的凶手有可能逍遥法外吗？”由此可知，作者在听到律师说法官对罪犯的判决可能会延期时感到非常愤怒。由此可知，划线单词所在句In the car, I sat in silent agony as my husband Charles drove us home.描述了她在回家的路上心理：痛苦和难过。因此可推知划线单词agony意为“痛苦难过”。故选B项。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中All I wanted was a twenty-month prison term.(我想要的只是20个月的监禁)以及第四段的Twenty months in prison, to be served immediately.(入狱20个月，立即服刑)可知，法庭第一次的判决与作者原本的想法相吻合。故选B项。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，作者经过激烈的思想斗争后，和丈夫一起请求法官对肇事者轻判，以便他可以陪他儿子度过最后的时光。这充分说明他们具有同情心。故选C项。‎ C At least 200 elephants have died in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe in the past two months due to a serious drought (干旱) in the country. National Parks and Wildlife Management Authority spokesman Tinashe Farawo told The Associated Press. Other animals, including giraffes, zebras , hippos and buffaloes are also dying due to the drought."The situation cannot improve until it rains, "Farawo said.‎ ‎"Almost every animal is being affected," Farawo said. "Of course, elephants are easily noticed, but some bird species are seriously affected because they can only breed (繁殖) in certain tree heights and those trees are being knocked down by elephants."‎ ‎"In a desperate attempt to locate food and water, animals have come in the park and nearby communities, threatening human populations as well. Thirty-three people have died because of these animals this year," the park said.‎ ‎"Six hundred elephants and two lion prides will be moved to less crowded parks. A pack of wild dogs, 50 buffaloes, 40 giraffes and 2,000 impalas will also be relocated, " Farawo said.‎ ‎"The animals have exceeded their ecological carrying capacity (生态承载力)," he added."If ‎ the populations go unchecked, the animals will threaten the very ecosystem they depend on for survival." ‎ Typically, park leaders follow a policy of not intervening (干预) to help the animals , but the hard conditions have persuaded them otherwise. Fearing more deaths before the rainy season, they have started bringing in food to help the animals, which usually rely on natural vegetation.‎ ‎"We used to say nature should take its course,"said wildlife officer Munyaradzi Dzoro."We are now forced to intervene. We are not sure when and how we will receive the rain. To avoid losing animals, we have to intervene to maintain population sizes.‎ In addition to a lack of food and water, muddy ponds have turned into death traps for the animals. Many have gotten stuck in the clay (泥土) while attempting to reach Long Pool, the park's largest watering hole, which has shrunk to 5% of its normal size, the Associated Press reports.‎ The drought has affected an estimated 11 million people, according to the World Food Program, which is planning large-scale food distribution.‎ ‎8. Why are some bird species being affected?‎ A. They can't find enough food and water.‎ B. They lose many proper breeding places.‎ C. They are often killed by big land animals.‎ D. They become ill easily because of other animals' death.‎ ‎9. What measure will be taken to improve the serious situation?‎ A. Building fences between the park and nearby communities.‎ B. Killing the animals which went into human communities.‎ C. Providing enough water for the animals in the park.‎ D. Moving some animals to less crowded places.‎ ‎10. What did Farawo think is the basis for the survival of animals?‎ A. A healthy ecosystem. B. A policy of not intervening.‎ C. Large populations of animals. D. Limited ecological carrying capacity.‎ ‎11. Muddy ponds have become deadly to the animals because_________.‎ A. their clay is very attractive B. much of their water is gone C. they have become much deeper D. there is much food in their water ‎【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. B ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Of course, elephants are easily noticed, but some bird species are seriously affected because they can only breed (繁殖) in certain tree heights and those trees are being knocked down by elephants.可知，当然，大象很容易被注意到，但一些鸟类受到了严重的影响，因为它们只能在一定的树高繁殖，而这些树正被大象推倒。由此可知，由于大象正在把适合鸟类筑巢繁殖的大树推倒，所以一些鸟类正受到影响。故选B项。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段内容："Six hundred elephants and two lion prides will be moved to less crowded parks. A pack of wild dogs, 50 buffaloes, 40 giraffes and 2,000 impalas will also be relocated, " Farawo said.可知，600头大象和两个狮群将被转移到其他不太拥挤的公园，一群野狗以及其他许多动物也都要被迁到其他地方。D选项Moving some animals to less crowded places.(把一些动物转移到不太拥挤的地方)是正在采取的措施。故选D项。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段中的If the populations go unchecked, the animals will threaten the very ecosystem they depend on for survival.可知，如果动物数量不加以限制，它们就会威胁到它们赖以生存的生态系统。由此推知，Farawo认为健康的生态系统是动物生存的基础。故选A项。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Many have gotten stuck in the clay while attempting to reach Long Pool, the park's largest watering hole, which has shrunk to 5% of its normal size, the Associated Press reports.可知，据美联社报道，许多动物在试图到达公园最大的水坑长潭时被卡在了粘土里，长潭已经缩小到正常大小的5%。由此可知，由于干旱，池塘里的水几乎消失殆尽，许多动物需要踩着淤泥去喝剩下的水，这会导致它们陷入淤泥而无法脱身，这使得泥泞的池塘对动物来说是致命的。故选B项。‎ D It's 3 a.m. and you're wide awake for the second night in a row. You get up and come to the kitchen for some warm milk that mom says will put you to sleep. So why are you eating a bowl of ice cream with a side of cookies?‎ You may have heard about two hormones (荷尔蒙) that control our urge to eat: leptin and ‎ ghrelin. "The 'l' in leptin stands for lose: It controls appetite and therefore contributes to weight loss," said sleep specialist Dr. Raj Dasgupta, the associate program director of the Sleep Medicine Fellowship at Keck Medicine of USC. "The 'g' in ghrelin stands for gain: This fast-acting hormone increases hunger and leads to weight gain." When you don't have enough sleep, research shows, ghrelin levels increase while leptin lakes a nose dive. The result is an increase in hunger.‎ But food is food, so that doesn't explain why we want candy instead of carrots. To answer that, you have to look at another system of the body: The endocannabinoid (内源性大麻素) system. It manages everything from sleep to appetite to pain and more.‎ In a study published in 2016, Hanlon compared the circulating levels of 2-AG, one of the most abundant endocannabinoids,in people who got four nights of normal sleep (more than eight hours) with those in people who only got 4.5 hours. People who were sleep-deprived (缺乏睡眠) reported greater increases in hunger and appetite and had higher afternoon concentrations of 2-AG than those who slept well. They also had a rough time controlling their urges for high-calorie snacks.‎ All of this research is so new that science doesn’t yet know how it all fits together or what can be done about it. And that brings us to the bottom line: There's not going to be a pill any time soon for the sleep-deprived junk-food people. Instead, you'll have to do what the doctor says to reduce your improper cravings (渴望) in the middle of the night: get more sleep.‎ ‎12. How does the author develop paragraph 2?‎ A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons.‎ C. By following time order. D. By making explanations.‎ ‎13. What did the study published in 2016 find?‎ A. Most 2-AG is produced during sleep.‎ B. Normal sleep makes levels of 2-AG go up.‎ C. High levels of 2-AG can result in strong appetite.‎ D. Lack of sleep decreases appetite for high-calorie food.‎ ‎14. What may be a solution to the problem of eating junk-food at midnight?‎ A. Buying a pill from the hospital. B. Visiting the doctor at midnight.‎ C. Getting normal amount of sleep. D. Checking the levels of 2-AG often.‎ ‎15. What can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Lack of sleep makes you crave junk food.‎ B. 2-AG controls your hunger and appetite.‎ C. Enough sleep is important in losing weight.‎ D. Leptin and ghrelin together make you sleepy.‎ ‎【答案】12. D 13. C 14. C 15. A ‎【12题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知，作者在第二段主要介绍了控制食欲的两种荷尔蒙leptin和ghrelin，并分别解释了它们首字母代表的含义以及它们的功能。因此D选项By making explanations.(通过解释)为作者的论述方式。故选D项。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中内容People who were sleep-deprived reported greater increases in hunger and appetite and had higher afternoon concentrations of 2-AG than those who slept well.(与睡眠充足的人相比，缺乏睡眠的人更容易感到饥饿和食欲增加，下午的2-AG浓度也更高)可推知，2-AG的浓度较高会导致饥饿和食欲增加。因此C选项High levels of 2-AG can result in strong appetite.( 2-AG浓度的提高可能导致胃口增加)论述正确。故选C项。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容Instead, you'll have to do what the doctor says to reduce your improper cravings (渴望) in the middle of the night: get more sleep. (相反，你必须按照医生所说的去做，以减少你在半夜不正常的食欲：多睡觉)可知，作者认为解决半夜起来吃垃圾食品这个问题的方法就是保证正常的睡眠时间。故选C项。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章结构为总分总结构，主要介绍了一项研究，这项研究结果表明缺乏睡眠会导致对垃圾食品的渴望。A选项Lack of sleep makes you crave junk food.(睡眠不足会让你想吃垃圾食品)概括了文章主旨要义，可以做最佳标题。故选A项。‎ 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.选项中有两项为多余选项.‎ Natural disasters come without warning, and this underlines the need for disaster management. Natural disasters may cause death or damage crops and properties without warning. Emergency management can reduce the damage and save more lives than if there are no systems ‎ set up for disaster security (安全).‎ There are steps to take when you plan for a natural disaster. Here's a list of some of them:‎ ‎1. Ask your local Red Cross chapter or emergency management office for reminders of disasters and emergency management steps.____16____You may also request a list of emergency steps that should be done in each type of disaster.‎ ‎2. Each community has its own set of emergency signals.____17____Knowing what to do at once gives you a head start in any emergency.‎ ‎3. ____18____Include discussions on what is likely to happen and what should be done in such cases. Plan how each one of you will react and what are the responsibilities of each one, in order to be able to work as a team.‎ ‎4. Set a meeting place in case of a natural disaster. It should be one within the vicinity (附近) of your workplace or home, and one outside your immediate vicinity.____19____Agree on an emergency telephone that everyone should try to call.‎ ‎5. Prepare a disaster supply toolbox. Stock it with first aid supplies.____20____Prepare emergency lights like flashlights with batteries. Include a battery-powered radio in the kit so you can listen to updates.‎ A. Find out what they sound like and what they mean.‎ B. Discuss the dangers of different types of natural disasters.‎ C. Try to understand why these signals sound unfamiliar to you.‎ D. Everyone should try to reach it when a natural disaster happens.‎ E. Prepare some water and food that should be enough for three days.‎ F. Find out any disaster management plan that your community has.‎ G. This is also the best time to ask what kind of disasters may likely take place.‎ ‎【答案】16. G 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. E ‎【16题详解】‎ 设空在段中，应起到承前启后的作用。根据前文内容Ask your local Red Cross chapter or emergency management office for reminders of disasters and emergency management steps.(向当地红十字会或应急管理办公室询问灾害提醒和应急管理措施)可知，段中提及向红十字会询问灾害提醒和应急管理措施，且后文已经提及emergency steps(应急管理措施)，因此设空句需要涉及“灾害提醒”。 G选项This is also the best time to ask what kind of disasters may likely ‎ take place.(这也是询问可能发生何种灾难的最佳时机)符合语境需求。故选G项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据前文内容Each community has its own set of emergency signals.(每个社区都有自己的一套紧急信号)可知，本段主要讲述要对社区的紧急信号有所了解。A选项Find out what they sound like and what they mean.(找出它们听起来像什么，它们是什么意思)为了解紧急信号的方式，符合本段主旨。故选A项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据后一句Include discussions on what is likely to happen and what should be done in such cases.( 包括讨论在这种情况下可能会发生什么以及应该做什么)可知，设空句应提及关键词discuss(讨论)。B选项Discuss the dangers of different types of natural disasters.(讨论不同类型的自然灾害的危险)符合语境，且对应关键词discuss。故选B项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据前一句It should be one within the vicinity of your workplace or home, and one outside your immediate vicinity.(它应该是一个在你的工作场所或家附近，一个在你紧邻场所的外面)可知，设空句应是进一步解释为何选择这样的地点作为集合场。D选项Everyone should try to reach it when a natural disaster happens.(当自然灾害发生时，每个人都应该设法到达它)为合理解释，符合句意。故选D项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据主题句Prepare a disaster supply toolbox.(准备一个应急工具箱)可知，在准备灾难应急箱时，水和食物应是必需品。E选项Prepare some water and food that should be enough for three days.(准备一些足够三天的水和食物)符合语境，贴合主旨。故选E项。‎ 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)‎ 第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A.B.C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.‎ Washington is home to lots of trees and lots of fireplaces and wood-burning____21____too. But what if you lived there and couldn't cut wood or wasn't able to pay someone to do it?____22____, Shane McDaniel and his twin sons, Harrison and Henry McDaniel, 21, are happy to ___23___ an axe (斧头). The three men cut truckloads of wood, and then____24____it to those in need. "I want to help people who are ___25___ cardboard because they've got nothing else,"‎ ‎ Shane explained to heraldnet.com.‎ ‎"The idea ___26___ as a father-son bonding (建立关系) project," he told msn.com. "I had to cut wood with my dad. He just loved doing it," says Shane. He wanted to pass down that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer of 2018 cutting wood. The ___27___ was a great wall of wood ___28___ around their house. To buy that much would cost about $10,000.‎ It was too much for the McDaniels themselves to use, and when the weather turned ___29___ that November, Shane started thinking of others. He ____30____ on Facebook, "If you are in need of firewood and can't ____31____ it, please tell me! Please ____32____ me and my boys to make sure no one goes cold in our neighbourhood. "‎ The ____33____ was immediate. One man ____34____ to donate a wood-burning furnace (火炉). Others raced over to Shane's house, ____35____ more wood to the pile.‎ Single mom Katelyn Ticer and her four-year old daughter ____36____ burning wood as their only ____37____ of heat, so it was a relief to ____38____ a truckload of firewood from the McDaniels. "To get that much wood brought me to tears," she told msn.com. "So much ____39____ is off my shoulders. I couldn't be more ____40____. "‎ ‎21. A. factories B. stoves C. stores D. lights ‎22. A. Finally B. Fairly C. Generally D. Luckily ‎23. A. repair B. make C. lend D. send ‎24. A. contributed B. displayed C. sold D. rented ‎25. A. burning B. collecting C. giving D. throwing ‎26. A. died B. increased C. started D. sank ‎27. A. duty B. will C. encouragement D. result ‎28. A. piled up B. caught up C. broken down D. shown off ‎29. A. dry B. cold C. warm D. foggy ‎30. A. apologized B. defended C. posted D. acted ‎31. A. record B. afford C. discover D. secure ‎32. A. persuade B. advise C. remind D. help ‎33. A. reaction B. comprehension C. appointment D. guidance ‎34. A. failed B. refused C. hesitated D. offered ‎35. A. tying B. attaching C. adding D. sticking ‎36. A. referred to B. dreamed of C. relied on D. insisted on ‎37. A. explanation B. state C. way D. progress ‎38. A. harvest B. receive C. transport D. select ‎39. A. injury B. wisdom C. joy D. stress ‎40 A. interested B. thankful C. convinced D. helpful ‎【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C 36. C 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. B ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：华盛顿有许多树，也有许多壁炉和烧木柴的火炉子。A. factories工厂；B. stoves炉子；C. stores商店；D. lights灯。根据and表达并列关系，所选词应与fireplaces(壁炉)为同义词或功能相同，因此可知，烧木柴的炉子（wood-burning stoves）符合语境。故选B项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，Shane McDaniel和他的两个双胞胎儿子乐于帮助他人。A. Finally最后，最终；B. Fairly相当地，公平地；C. Generally通常，普遍地；D. Luckily幸运地。根据后文The three men cut truckloads of wood, and then____4____it to those in need.可知，他们砍伐木头并帮助有需要的人，这是一件好事，D选项Luckily符合作者要表达的感情态度。故选D项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，Shane McDaniel和他的两个双胞胎儿子乐于帮助他人。A. repair修理；B. make制造，使让；C. lend借给，提供；D. send寄，发送。根据后文The three men cut truckloads of wood, and then____4____it to those in need.可知，他们砍伐木头并帮助有需要的人，因此lend an axe原意为“借一把斧子给别人帮忙”，在此处可以理解为“给与/提供帮助/支持”，符合语境表达。故选C项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三个人砍了几卡车的木材，然后把它们捐献给需要的人。A. contributed贡献；捐献；B. displayed陈列，展出；C. sold售卖；D. rented租赁。根据句意和语境可知，他们将砍好的木柴捐献给（contribute）有需要的人。故选A项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Shane在接受《先驱报》网站采访时解释说：“我想帮助那些除了硬纸板没有其他东西可烧的人。”A. burning燃烧；B. collecting收集；C. giving给与；D. throwing投，扔。结合语境可知，空后的宾语cardboard（硬纸板）是那些没有柴火的人拿来烧火的人。故选A项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在接受msn.com采访时表示：“这个想法最初是一个父子关系项目。” A. died死亡；B. increased增长；C. started开始；D. sank下沉。根据句意和语境可知，主语为the idea，后文在讲述它是如何产生的。C选项started用于句中可表达“源于”含义。故选C项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果，他们的房子周围堆起了一堵木墙。A. duty责任；B. will意志，决心；C. encouragement鼓励，鼓舞；D. result结果。结合语境可知，表语a great wall of wood ___8___ around their house是他们花了一个夏天砍木柴的结果（result）。故选D项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果，他们的房子周围堆起了一堵木墙。A. piled up堆积；B. caught up赶上；把……缠住；C. broken down打破，临时出故障的；D. shown off炫耀，展示。根据句意和语境可知，砍来的很多木柴。此处应该是堆积在房子周围。故选A项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对McDaniels一家来说太多了，当11月天气转冷时，Shane开始考虑其他人。A. dry干的；B. cold寒冷的；C. warm温暖的；D. foggy有雾的。根据后文的November可知，天气变得寒冷（cold）。故选B项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在脸书上写道：“如果你需要柴火却买不起，请告诉我！请帮我和我的孩子们确保在我们的社区里没有人挨冻。”A. apologized道歉；B. defended辩护，保卫；C. posted公布，张贴；D. acted扮演，行动，表现。根据后文Facebook可知，此处应是在Facebook上公布（post）消息。故选C项。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在脸书上写道：“如果你需要柴火却买不起，请告诉我！请帮我和我的孩子们确保在我们的社区里没有人挨冻。”A. record记录；B. afford负担得起；C. discover发现；D. secure保护；得到。根据前文can’t可以与afford搭配意为“负担不起”‎ ‎。故选B项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在脸书上写道：“如果你需要柴火却买不起，请告诉我！请帮我和我的孩子们确保在我们的社区里没有人挨冻。”A. persuade劝告；B. advise建议；C. remind提醒；D. help帮助。根据后文可知，很多人看过帖子之后都提供了帮助（help），help sb. to do sth.“帮助某人做某事”符合语境和语意。故选D项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们立即做出了反应。A. reaction反应，感应；B. comprehension理解，包含；C. appointment任命，约定；D. guidance指导，引导。根据句意和语境可知，本段提及的内容为对上文帖子的大家的回复和反应。故选A项。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名男子表示愿意捐赠燃木炉。A. failed失败；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered主动提出。根据句意和语境可知，donate表示捐赠，D项offered适合语境。故选D项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他人跑到Shane家，在那堆木头上加了更多的木头。A. tying系，系紧；B. attaching附上；C. adding增加；D. sticking刺入，粘住。根据句意和语境可知，其他人也跑到 Shane McDaniel的家，在柴堆上加了更多的柴。故选C项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：单身母亲凯特琳·提瑟和她四岁的女儿靠烧木头取暖，所以从McDaniel收到一卡车柴火是一种安慰。A. referred to提及，参考；B. dreamed of梦想；C. relied on依赖，依靠；D. insisted on坚持。根据句意和语境可知，烧木柴是她们依赖的唯一取暖方式。故选C项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：单身母亲凯特琳·提瑟和她四岁的女儿靠烧木头取暖，所以从McDaniel收到一卡车柴火是一种安慰。A. explanation解释；说明；B. state情形；C. way道路，方法；D. progress进步。根据句意和语境可知，烧木柴是她们依赖的唯一取暖方式。故选C项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉msn.com说：“得到这么多木头让我哭了。”A. harvest 收获；B. receive收到；C. transport运输；D. select选择。根据句意和语境可知，她们收到了（receive）Shane McDaniel一家捐赠的一卡车木柴。故选B项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我肩上的压力减轻了很多。我真是感激不尽。”A. injury伤害；B. wisdom智慧；C. joy喜悦；D. stress压力。根据句意和语境可知，这一卡车木柴减轻了自己的经济负担（stress）。故选D项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我肩上的压力减轻了很多。我真是感激不尽。”A. interested感兴趣的；B. thankful感激的；C. convinced确信的，深信的；D. helpful有帮助的。得到了别人的捐赠，应是很感激的（thankful）。故选B项。‎ 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) ‎ 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案填写在答题卡上.‎ In the past few years, demand ___41___ fake meat products has surged (蜂拥而来) in the Western world, as people look for other healthier choices to replace red meat.‎ But long before they appeared in the West, China had been making ___42___ (tradition) meat-based dishes out of nuts and vegetables. Some records of monks (僧侣) ___43___ (eat) tofu-based "vegetarian meat" date back to as early as the Song Dynasty in ___44___ 10th century. It was known as "fang hun cai" or literally" imitation meat dish."‎ China's early ___45___ (adopt) of fake meat products is closely linked to its long history of Buddhism(佛教). Buddhism ___46___ (introduce) to China as early as the Han Dynasty, around 2,000 years ago. Today, it's practiced by around 20% of China's population — some 250 million people. A central rule of Buddhism is respect for all living ___47___ (creature), and vegetarianism is common among its followers.‎ ‎___48___ China's monasteries (寺院) provided a strict vegetarian diet, they would often have to consider the dietary choices of people ___49___ came for a visit. The visitors would expect ____50____ (have) meat-based meals and this was where the tradition came. They would get all the dishes they expected at a banquet (宴请), but made from vegetarian ingredients.‎ ‎【答案】41. for 42. traditional 43. eating 44. the 45. adoption 46. was introduced 47. creatures 48. While/ Although/Though 49. who/that 50. to have ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：在过去的几年里，随着人们寻找其他更健康的食物来代替红肉，西方世界对“假肉”的需求激增。demand for sth.意为“对某物的需求”，固定结构。故填for。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：但早在它们出现在西方之前，中国就已经在用坚果和蔬菜制作传统的肉类菜肴了。分析可知，此处应用形容词修饰后面的名词性短语meat-based dishes。所给词tradition是名词“传统”，其形容词为traditional“传统的”。故填traditional。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：一些关于和尚吃豆腐为主的“素肉”的记录可以追溯到早在10世纪的宋朝。它被称为“仿肉菜”或字面上的“仿肉菜”。分析可知，此处用动名词复合结构monks eating tofu-based' vegetarian meat作介词of的宾语，且monks与eat之间为主动关系，应使用动名词的一般式。故填eating。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：一些关于和尚吃豆腐为主的“素肉”的记录可以追溯到早在10世纪的宋朝。它被称为“仿肉菜”或字面上的“仿肉菜”。分析可知，此处用定冠词the放在序数词10th century前面，特指“十世纪”。故填the。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：中国早期对假冒肉类产品的接受与佛教的悠久历史密切相关根据空前的China's为名词所有格，可知此处应用名词。所给词adopt是动词“采取，接受”，其名词为adoption“采用；接受”。故填adoption。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查动词时态和被动语态。句意：佛教早在两千年前的汉代传入中国。分析可知，Buddhism与动词introduce之间为被动关系，且动作发生在大约2000年前，故用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填was introduced。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查名词复数。句意：佛教的一个中心原则是尊重所有的生物，素食主义在信徒中很普遍。creature 为可数名词，根据空前的all可知，此处应用复数形式。故填creatures。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查状语从句。句意：虽然中国的寺院提供纯粹的素食，但他们也常常会考虑到来访人员的膳食选择。分析可知，此处___8___ China's monasteries (寺院) provided a strict vegetarian ‎ diet应是让步状语从句，while/ although/though可引导让步状语从句。故填While/ Although/Though。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：虽然中国的寺院提供纯粹的素食，但他们也常常会考虑到来访人员的膳食选择。分析可知，___9___ came for a visit应是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词people，先行词在从句中作主语，此处用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：游客们会希望吃以肉为主的食物，这就是传统的由来。分析可知，此处用不定式短语作动词expect的宾语。故填to have。‎ 第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)‎ 第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)‎ ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I try my best put myself in the local culture. The following two ways always make this easier to do this: either you stay there longer or you visit it more frequent. Once you don't regard yourself to a tourist, you will start seeing things in the different way and start experiencing things like a local person. One of my longest trip was recently in Xi'an, when I stayed for a month. As days went by, life moves forward from take long walks to tasting delicious local foods. I'd never been enjoyed these before that trip, so I have decided to go for a much longer stay next time I travel.‎ ‎【答案】1. 在best后加to ‎2. make后加it ‎3. frequent→frequently ‎4. to→as ‎5. the→a ‎6. trip→trips ‎7. when→where ‎8. moves→moved ‎9. take→taking ‎10. 去掉been ‎【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次旅游经历以及如何尽量让自己融入当地文化的方法。‎ ‎1.考查动词不定式结构。句意：我尽力使自己融入当地文化。分析可知，try one’s best to do sth.是固定结构“尽某人最大的努力做某事”。故在best后加to。‎ ‎2.考查形式宾语。句意：以下两种方法可以让你更容易地做到这一点：要么你在那里待得更久，要么你更频繁地去那里。分析可知，make之后缺少宾语，真正宾语为之后的to do this，因此make后需要形式宾语it。故make后加it。‎ ‎3.考查副词。句意：以下两种方法可以让你更容易地做到这一点：要么你在那里待得更久，要么你更频繁地去那里。分析可知，副词在句末作状语。故将frequent改为frequently。‎ ‎4.考查介词。句意：一旦你不把自己当成游客，你就会开始以不同的方式看待事物，开始像当地人一样体验事物。regard…as…是固定结构“将……看作为”。故将to改为as。‎ ‎5.考查冠词。句意：一旦你不把自己当成游客，你就会开始以不同的方式看待事物，开始像当地人一样体验事物。in a different way“用不同的方式”，应用不定冠词表泛指，different是以辅音音素开头的词，应使用不定冠词a。故将the改为a。‎ ‎6.考查名词复数。句意：我最长的旅行之一是最近在西安，我呆了一个月。one of the形容词最高级+名词复数，“最……的……之一”。故将trip改为trips。‎ ‎7.考查定语从句。句意：我最长的旅行之一是最近在西安，我呆了一个月。分析可知，先行词Xi'an从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故将when改为where。‎ ‎8.考查动词时态。句意：随着时间的流逝，生活从长途步行走向品尝美味的当地食物。分析可知，时态应是一般过去时。故将moves改为moved。‎ ‎9.考查动名词。句意：随着时间的流逝，生活从长途步行走向品尝美味的当地食物。分析可知，from为介词，之后应是动名词形式作宾语，fromto“从……到……”。故将take改为taking。‎ ‎10.‎ 考查被动。句意：在那次旅行之前，我从来没有享受过这些，所以我决定下次旅行的时候多呆一段时间。分析可知，enjoy与主语为主动关系，无需被动。故去掉been。‎ 第二节 书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎52.假定你是李华，现在在英国做交换生。你班同学Mary想邀请你加入她所在的一个公益组织“Community Environmental Protection Organization”。请你用英语给她写一封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 感谢邀请；‎ ‎2. 你的决定及原因。‎ 注意：1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Mary,‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Mary,‎ I am honored that you extended an invitation to me to join the Community Environmental Protection Organization. I have great respect for all you have done for the protection of environment in our community, but I am afraid that I can’t accept it now.‎ I have recently accepted a research task, which requires my participation on workday evenings. Besides, I need much spare time to improve my English and prepare for the final exams. Perhaps in a few weeks I will be not so busy. At that time, I would wholeheartedly accept your generous invitation.‎ Best wishes for the Organization’s continuing success.‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，表达对朋友邀请的感谢以及告知决定和原因。‎ 第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。‎ 结构：三段式结构。第一段感谢邀请及告知决定；第二段讲述原因；第三段寒暄结束。‎ 要求：1. 感谢邀请及告知决定 ‎1）表达感谢（be horned）‎ ‎2）告知决定（can't accept）‎ ‎2. 讲述原因 ‎1）原因一（accepted a research task）‎ ‎2）原因二（improve my English and prepare for the final exams）‎ ‎3. 寒暄结束（best wishes）‎ 第二步：列提纲（重点词组）‎ be honored; extend an invitation to sb.; have great respect for; prepare for; best wishes ‎ 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. I am honored that you extended an invitation to me to join the Community Environmental Protection Organization.‎ ‎2. I have great respect for all you have done for the protection of environment in our community, but I am afraid that I can't accept it now.‎ ‎3. Besides, I need much spare time to improve my English and prepare for the final exams.‎ ‎4. Best wishes for the Organization's continuing success.‎ 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）‎ 表并列补充关系：what is more; besides; moreover; furthermore; in addition ‎ 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，‎ 第五步：润色修改