2018届人教版必修3一轮复习：Unit4　Astronomy：thescienceofthestars单元学案（7页）

2018届人教版必修3一轮复习：Unit4　Astronomy：thescienceofthestars单元学案（7页）

‎ Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars单元学案　‎ 核心词汇 ‎1．Do you think our education____________(制度)needs improving?‎ ‎2．The____________(气候)of southern Florida attracts thousands of tourists each winter.‎ ‎3．Without practice there would be no____________(理论)．‎ ‎4．The hen was old and it stopped____________(下蛋)eggs.‎ ‎5. The idea____________(存在)only in the minds of us young people.‎ ‎6．Professor Li has solved the____________(难题)and everyone is cheering.‎ ‎7．Mars’__________(万有引力)is only about 38% of Earth’s.‎ ‎8．Raising your child to tell the difference between right and wrong is one of the f____________tasks of parenthood.‎ ‎9．用harm的适当形式填空 ‎(1)Air pollution will get worse and this will be____to people，for example，it can cause cancer.‎ ‎(2)Rubbish can be changed into____________things.‎ ‎(3)Don’t____________your eyes by reading in the dim light.‎ ‎10．Last night we had a discussion，which became more and more____________.Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use____________whatever happens.(violent)‎ ‎1.system　2.climate　3.theory　4.laying　5.exists 6.puzzle　7.gravity　8.fundamental　9.(1)harmful,(2)harmless　(3)harm　10.violent；violence 高频短语 ‎1．________________　　及时，终于 ‎2．________________ 下蛋 ‎3．________________ 产生；分娩 ‎4．________________ 轮到某人；接着 ‎5．________________ 阻止；制止 ‎6．________________ 挡住(光线)‎ ‎7．________________ 感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎8．________________ 既然 ‎9．________________ 突发；爆发 ‎10．________________ 密切注视；当心；提防 ‎1.in time　2.lay eggs　3.give birth to　4.in one’s turn　5.prevent...from　6.block out　7.cheer up　8.now that,9.break out　10.watch out 重点句式 ‎1．________________was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.‎ 随后它会变成什么没有人知道，直到38～45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。‎ ‎2．The earth became ____________ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.‎ 地球变得如此猛烈，以至于它的形状能否持久还不清楚。‎ ‎3．This produced a chain reaction，which __________________.‎ 这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命有可能发展了。‎ ‎4．We watched，________________ on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.‎ 我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。‎ ‎5．But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried _________ on the earth and fell over.‎ 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。‎ ‎6．“...walking does need a bit of practice ________________ gravity has changed.”‎ ‎“……既然重力改变了，走路也确实需要练一练了。”‎ ‎1.What it was to become　2.so violent that　3.made it possible for life to develop　4.amazed as fire broke out,5.twice as far as　6.now that 知识详解 ‎1.exist　vi.　存在，生存 ‎(回归课本P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.‎ 它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①(牛津P697)They can’t exist on the money he’s earning.‎ 他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。‎ ‎②There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。‎ ‎③No one knows how this world came into existence.‎ 没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎1．完成句子 ‎(1)巴基斯坦在战后就以一个独立的国家存在了。‎ Pakistan ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________country after the war.‎ 答案：came into existence as an independent ‎(2)就我所知，他们收入微薄，几乎无法维持生活。‎ As far as I know，they are paid hardly enough________ ________ ________.‎ 答案：to exist on ‎2.puzzle　n．　谜；难题　vt. & vi.　(使)迷惑；(使)为难 ‎(回归课本P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①(牛津P1616)What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.‎ 令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。‎ ‎②The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.‎ 警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎③Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years.‎ 多年来科学家们一直试图解开这一谜团。‎ ‎④(牛津P1616)He looked puzzled so I repeated the question.‎ 他好像没听懂，于是我又把问题重复了一遍。‎ ‎2．She lost heart since she failed in the exam.She felt________about her future.‎ A．puzzle　　　　　　　　B．puzzling C．puzzled D．puzzles 解析：选C。后句句意：她对她的将来感到迷惑。puzzled adj.(人)迷惑的，迷惘的；puzzling adj.(物)令人迷惑的。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎3.pull　n. & vt.　拉(力)；拖；牵引力 ‎(回归课本P30)As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.‎ 随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①He pulled the door open and rushed out.‎ 他拉开门，冲了出去。‎ ‎②(牛津P1604)The police car signalled to us to pull in.‎ 警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。‎ ‎③We waved as the train pulled out of the station.‎ 火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。‎ ‎④The doctor told me that I would pull through.‎ 医生告诉我，我会康复的。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎【高效记忆】‎ ‎3．用pull down；pull in；pull out；pull through填空：‎ ‎(1)Houses were________to make way for a new highway.‎ 答案：pulled down ‎(2)Cheer up！Take more exercise every day and you will________.‎ 答案：pull through ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎(3)John________behind me and parked.‎ 答案：pulled in ‎(4)Be careful when you ________of the driveway.‎ 答案：pull out ‎4.in time　及时；终于，总有一天 ‎(回归课本P25)They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.‎ 最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①The kids will be leaving home in no time.‎ 孩子们很快就要离开家了。‎ ‎②(朗文P2162)Will you be back in time for dinner?‎ 你会及时赶回来吃晚饭吗？‎ ‎③(朗文P2162)I should be back in time to watch the show.‎ 我应该及时赶回来看那场演出。‎ ‎④The company fired him for not coming to work on time.‎ 那家公司因他不按时上班而解雇了他。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎4．Will you be home________to see the children before they go to bed?‎ A．on time　　　　　　　　B．in time C．at a time D．at one time 解析：选B。句意：你会在孩子们上床睡觉之前回来看他们吗？in time意为“及时”，符合题意。on time按时；at a time每次；at one time曾经。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎5．________， I lost heart in English learning，but my teacher often said to me，“Keep on studying hard，and you’ll succeed________.”‎ A．At a time；in time ‎ B．At a time；on time C．At one time；in time ‎ D．At one time；on time 解析：选C。考查由time 构成的固定搭配的用法。句意：曾经，我对英语学习失去信心，但老师常对我说：“坚持不懈的努力，最终会铸就你的成功。”at a time“每次”；at one time“曾经，一度”相当于once；in time“及时，迟早”，当“迟早”讲时相当于sooner or later；on time“按时，准时”。由句意知应选C。‎ ‎6．(2010年江西景德镇模拟)—Does he often ask you for help?‎ ‎—Oh，no，only________.‎ A．all the time　　　　　　 B．at one time C．at a time D．at times 解析：选D。all the time一直；at one time曾经；at a time一次；at times有时。‎ ‎7．—I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday.‎ ‎—________.‎ A．Don’t be afraid B．Be careful C．Not at all D．Take your time 解析：选D。句意：——恐怕我不能在星期五之前把这本书还给你。——慢慢来，别着急。Don’t be afraid别害怕；Be careful小心，当心；Not at all一点也不；Take your time即to use as much time as you need without hurrying“不用急，慢慢来”。根据题意只有D项符合句意。‎ ‎5.in one’s turn　 轮到某人；接着 ‎(回归课本P26)Thus they have，in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.‎ 于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物 。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak.‎ 当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。‎ ‎②The customer praised the manager，who in turn praised his staff.‎ 顾客表扬了经理，经理转而表扬了员工。‎ ‎③All theories are derived from practice and in turn serve practice.‎ 所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。‎ ‎④Now it is your turn to look after the children.‎ 现在轮到你照看孩子了。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎8．People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this________creates further problems.‎ A．in short　　　　　　　 B．in case C．in doubt D．in turn 解析：选D。in turn 在该题中的意思为“反之；反过来”。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎6.prevent...from...　防止某事发生 ‎(回归课本P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.‎ 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①(朗文P1612)Guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving.‎ 守卫站在门口阻止任何人离开。‎ ‎②Once he has made up his mind，no one can prevent him from carrying out the plan.‎ 一旦他下定决心，谁也阻止不了他执行这个计划。‎ ‎③His advice kept me from making a serious mistake.‎ 他的忠告使我免于犯一个严重的错误。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎9．All possible means ________.However，nothing can________him dying of lung cancer.‎ A．has tried；stop B．have tried；keep C．has been tried；prevent D．have been tried；stop 解析：选D。前一句的主语是All possible means，means用all 修饰，看作是复数，后面的谓语动词要用复数形式并且用被动语态；后一句是“阻止某人做某事”，him 后省略了from，故选D。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎7.cheer up　(使)高兴；使振奋；感到振奋 ‎(回归课本P31)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.‎ 我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①(牛津P327)Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up.‎ 给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。‎ ‎②The good news cheered (up) everybody who heard it.‎ 喜讯使每一个听到的人感到高兴。‎ ‎③The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang.‎ 看到刘翔后，人群热烈欢呼起来。‎ ‎④They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports teams.‎ 她们这样做是为了鼓励人们为她们的球队加油。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎10．—I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.‎ ‎—________！I’m sure you’ll make it.‎ A．Go ahead　　　　　　　B．Good luck C．No problem D．Cheer up 解析：选D。句意：——我正在考虑明天考试的问题，恐怕这次我会不及格。——振作起来！我相信你会通过的。根据上下文只有Cheer up “振作起来”符合题意，而Go ahead继续；Good luck好运气；No problem没问题，均不符合题意。‎ 句型梳理 ‎1【教材原句】　“...walking does need a bit of practice now_that gravity has changed.”(P31)‎ ‎“……既然重力改变了，走路也确实需要练一练了。”‎ ‎【句法分析】　now that由于；既然，引导原因状语从句，有时that 可以省略。‎ ‎①Now that you have finished your work，you’d better have a rest.‎ 既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。‎ ‎②Now (that) the weather is fine，let’s go for a ride.‎ 既然天气那么好，我们开车去兜风吧。‎ ‎③Now you have grown up，you can make up your mind by yourself.你已长大了，可以自己做决定了。‎ ‎[易混辨析]‎ ‎ because，since，as，for，now that ‎(1)because语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接原因，回答提问时，一般放在主句之后。‎ ‎(2)since语气较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由。‎ ‎(3)as语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由，从句一般放在主句前。‎ ‎(4)for是并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。for表示这一用法时需放在两句之间。‎ ‎①He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday.‎ ‎②Since you can’t answer the question，I’ll ask someone else.‎ ‎③As there was no answer，we wrote him again.‎ ‎④It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎11．________you’ve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.‎ A．Now that　　　　　　　　B．After C．Although D．As soon as 解析：选A。句意：既然你得到了一次机会，不妨充分利用它。‎ ‎12．—Did you return Fred’s call?‎ ‎—I didn’t need to________I’ll see him tomorrow.‎ A．though B．unless C．when D．because 解析：选D。根据语意看，后面的句子表示“没有必要的原因”，所以用because。‎ ‎2【教材原句】　But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(P31)‎ 而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。‎ ‎【句法分析】　倍数的表达方式。‎ ‎(1)“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。‎ ‎(2)“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。‎ ‎(3)“A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width，etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。‎ ‎(4)A＋倍数＋what从句。‎ ‎①There are five times more books in our library than in yours.‎ 我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。‎ ‎②Our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as it did last year.‎ 我们的城市今年的降雨量是去年的两倍。‎ ‎③My house is twice the size of my parents’．‎ 我的房子是我父母的两倍大。‎ ‎④The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.‎ 现在的产量是10年前的3倍。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎13．(2009年高考辽宁卷)Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost________ his.‎ A．as much twice as　　　B．twice as much as C．much as twice as D．as twice much as 解析：选B。句意：彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但是却是他的价钱的两倍。考查倍数句型“倍数＋as＋原级＋as...”。‎ ‎14．Ten years ago the population of our village was ________that of theirs.‎ A．as twice large as B．twice as large as C．twice as much as D．as twice much as 解析：选B。句意：十年前我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。population往往与large或small搭配，且形容词比较级的结构之一为：倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as...。‎