2020届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit3Computers复习学案

2020届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit3Computers复习学案

Unit 3 Computers复习学案 话题诵读 日积月累 ‎[导语]　随着互联网的影响力和覆盖率的不断扩大，互联网新词也层出不穷。互联网新词在年轻人中流传极广，它们俏皮、逗趣还很接地气。但其中也有一些新词造词格调不高，品位低俗，却被媒体和网友们广泛使用。这种污染网络环境的用语，终究是要被淘汰的。‎ Online Rudeness Internet jargon，or “netspeak”，is popular among young people.It can be fun，convenient and，sometimes，vulgar.‎ That vulgarity came under fire in a new official report.On Oct 15，the Ministry of Education released a Chinese language report for 2014.While affirming the positive role of some netspeak catchwords，the report also called for the regulation of the offensive Internet lingo.‎ According to the report，words like diaosi，or loser，epitomize the rude netspeak that has blanketed the Internet.Even some media outlets are using these words，said the report.‎ ‎“These vulgar words amplify the negative emotions of some Web users and pollute the online community，” said an opinion piece by Xinhua.‎ Behind every trend lies a social or psychological need，though.The popularity of the vulgar Internet lingo results from a ‎ tendency that the use of these vulgar words is seen as a means of entertainment，the Workers' Daily pointed out.‎ Not all netspeak catchwords are bad.Lots of them enrich and enliven our language，noted the Workers' Daily.With the rapid development of the Internet，imaginative Web users created netspeak that is positive and inspiring，such as dianzan or “thumbs－up”，said Xinhua.‎ These words even entered official speeches.“I would like to give a thumbs－up to all our great people，” said President Xi Jinping during his New Year greetings for 2015.‎ Some netspeak words were born out of social events，mirroring the pulse of society.The catchphrase najiaqiang，which means “which one is the best”，is one example.In September 2014，a group scuffle involving a Shandong－based technical school made national headlines.Najiaqiang instantly became a hit after Web users rushed to change the school's catchy slogan from “Which school teaches the best digger operating skills？”，to“Which school is the best for group scuffle？”‎ The word najiaqiang may be just a harmless joke，but vulgar netspeak can really harm society.Fighting it requires the efforts of both authorities and individual Web users，said Xinhua.‎ ‎[词海拾贝]‎ ‎1．jargon　　　 n．行话 ‎2．vulgar adj.粗俗的 ‎3．offensive adj.无礼的，令人不快的 ‎4．epitomize v．集中体现 ‎5．amplify v．扩大，放大 ‎6．scuffle n．混战 ‎[问题思考]‎ ‎1．Which of the following has the same meaning with netspeak in the passage?‎ A．Catchwords.　 B．Language.‎ C．Internet jargon. D．Vulgar words.‎ 答案：C ‎2．What do you think of the rude netspeak？Discuss with your classmates.(不提供答案)‎ 自主预习 步步提高 词汇识记 Ⅰ.将单词与其正确释义配对 ‎1．calculate　　　　 A．简化 ‎2．universal B．完全地；整个地 ‎3．simplify C．普遍的；通用的；宇宙的 ‎4．logical D．真实；事实；现实 ‎5．technology E．人造的；假的 ‎6．artificial F．探索；探测；探究 ‎7．intelligent G．解决；解答 ‎8．solve H．工艺；科技；技术 ‎9．reality I．合逻辑的；合情理的 ‎10．totally J．计算 ‎11．application K．智能的；聪明的 ‎12．explore L．应用；用途；申请 答案：1.J　2.C　3.A　4.I　5.H　6.E　7.K　8.G　9.D ‎10．B　11.L　12.F Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示写出单词 ‎1．________n．目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分 ‎2．________v．&n.发信号；信号 ‎3．________v．&n.类型；打字 ‎4．________vi.出现；发生 ‎5．________adj.电子的 答案：1.goal　2.signal　3.type　4.arise　5.electronic Ⅲ.根据语境及首字母写出正确的单词 ‎1．With his hard work，he finally achieved his life g______．‎ ‎2．No matter how far it is，I'll go there a________．‎ ‎3．The best way to escape a problem is to s________ it.‎ ‎4．H________lies in giving help to others.‎ ‎5．Let me c________the t________cost of the journey.‎ ‎6．He reduced his needs to the minimum by s________his life.‎ ‎7．With the help of the o________，I finally got through to the professor.‎ ‎8．His a________for the job was finally accepted by the company.‎ ‎9．As an explorer，he wants to e________the desert alone.‎ ‎10．In his p________opinion，he should live an active life to make his life meaningful.‎ 答案：1.goal　2.anyhow　3.solve　4.Happiness ‎5．calculate　total　6.simplifying　7.operator ‎8．application　9.explore　10.personal Ⅳ.选用短语的适当形式完成句子 from then on；as a result；so...that；go by；in a way；in common；compare...with；with the help of；watch over；deal with ‎1．Hardly a day ________ when I don't think about her.‎ ‎2．________ with many mothers，she feels torn between her family and her work.‎ ‎3．We were separated after the film，and ________，I never saw her again.‎ ‎4．________ our small apartment，our uncle's house seemed like a palace.‎ ‎5．________，it was one of our biggest mistakes.‎ ‎6．She is used to ________ all kinds of people in her job.‎ ‎7．The construction work has to stop ________ of the heavy rain.‎ ‎8．All the villagers were moved to safety ________ the PLA men.‎ ‎9．They took turns to ________ the children.‎ ‎10．________ fat was he ________ he couldn't go through the door.‎ 答案：1.goes by　2.In common　3.from then on ‎4．Compared with　5.In a way　6.dealing with ‎7．as a result　8.with the help of　9.watch over ‎10．So　that 语篇理解 课文表层理解 Ⅰ.根据课文内容判断正(T)误(F)‎ ‎1．Although the computer was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes，it could not “think” logically.(　　)‎ ‎2．First as a laptop and then as a PC，the computer has been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.(　　)‎ ‎3．The computers' memory was first stored on transistors，then in tubes and later on very small chips.(　　) ‎ ‎4．Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for the computer.(　　)‎ ‎5．The use of the computer is to provide humans with a life of high quality.(　　)‎ 答案：1.F　2.F　3.F　4.T　5.T Ⅱ.读课文，回答问题 ‎1．In what order is this passage arranged? In the order of ________.‎ ‎2．Who is the speaker “I” in the passage?‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎3．How do you think this article is written in the first person?‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎4．Fill in the blank with the words from the second paragraph.‎ The computer's shape was greatly changed ________ the memory stored in smaller and smaller space.‎ ‎5．Why do “I” feel very happy now according to the last paragraph?‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ 答案：1.time　2.A computer.　3.It can make the article more effective to understand and attract the readers.　4.as a result of　5.Because “I” am a helper and devoted friend of the human race.‎ Ⅲ.根据课文内容完成下表 ‎1642‎ The computer began as a 1.________machine ‎1822‎ The 2.________machine was built by Charles Babbage and it was the start of 3.________intelligence ‎1936‎ Alan Turing wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work as a 4.________machine ‎1940s Because information can be stored in tubes, or on ‎5．________and later on very small 6.________， computers became smaller ‎1960s The first family of computers was 7.________to each other by a 8.________‎ ‎1970s Computers were used in offices and 9.________‎ now Computers 10.________people all over the world together 答案：1.calculating　2.analytical　3.artificial　4.universal　5.transistors　6.chips　7.connected　8.network　9.homes ‎10．connect 课文深层理解 ‎ Ⅰ.读课文，完成下列各题 ‎1．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ The passage is a short ________ of the ________ of computers.‎ ‎2．Find out the key sentence of each paragraph：‎ ‎①____________________________________________________‎ ‎②____________________________________________________‎ ‎③_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：1.history　development ‎2．①Over time I have been changed quite a lot.‎ ‎②These changes only became possible as my memory improved.‎ ‎③Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.‎ Ⅱ.仔细阅读课文，选择最佳选项 ‎1．What is the oldest calculator in the world?‎ A．Calculator. B．Abacus. C．PC.‎ ‎2．What might you usually use to add many numbers up in an exam?‎ A．PC. B．Huge computer. C．Calculator.‎ ‎3．In our daily life，which is widely used to deal with a large amount of information?‎ A．Robot. B．Laptop. C．Abacus.‎ ‎4．What do you think of the future computers?‎ A．Smaller and smarter.‎ B．Larger and faster.‎ C．Smaller but slower.‎ ‎5．If you want to send a long letter to your friend，the best way is ________．‎ A．by telephone B．by plane C．by e－mail 答案：1.B　2.C　3.B　4.A　5.C Ⅲ.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语 ‎1．I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years ‎ before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎2．By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room，and I wondered if I would grow any larger.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎3．As time went by，I was made smaller.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎4．Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎5．Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ 答案：1.我发展非常缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。‎ ‎2．到20世纪40年代，我已经有一个房间那么大，我想知道我是否会变得更大。‎ ‎3．随着时间的推移，我被制作得越来越小了。‎ ‎4．自从20世纪70年代开始，人们发现了我的许多新用途。‎ ‎5．不管怎样，我的目标是给人们提供高质量的生活。‎ 知识聚焦 讲练互动 要点直击 ‎1．have...in common有共同点；共享……‎ ‎(教材原句P17)In pairs discuss what they have in common.‎ 两人一组，讨论一下它们有什么相同之处。‎ ‎ 归纳拓展 have sth in common (with sb)(和某人)有共同之处 have nothing in common无共同之处 have little in common几乎无共同之处 have a lot in common有很多共同之处 in common with sb和某人一样 ‎(1)Mandy and Tom seem to have a lot in common.‎ 曼蒂和汤姆似乎有很多共同的地方。‎ ‎(2)He has something in common with you.‎ 他有些地方和你很像。‎ ‎(3)________________________ many young people，he likes pop music，too.‎ 和许多年轻人一样，他也喜欢流行音乐。‎ ‎(4)Although they are brothers，they have __________________．‎ 虽然他们是亲兄弟，但没有什么共同之处。‎ 答案：(3)In common with　(4)nothing in common ‎ 即学即练 根据语境用common的相关短语完成句子。‎ ‎(1)But there might be other things they shared in common ________us.‎ ‎(2)To my surprise，the twins have ________ in common with each other.‎ 答案：(1)with　(2)nothing ‎2．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测；推测 ‎(教材原句P18)I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.‎ ‎1642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。‎ ‎ 归纳拓展 calculate on指望；依靠 calculate on sb/sth doing sth期待某人/某物会……‎ be calculated to do sth打算或计划做某事 It (is) has been calculated that...据估算……‎ calculation n．计算；推断；估计 calculator n．计算器 ‎(1)We ________ having fine weather for the sports meeting.‎ 我们指望有好天气开运动会。‎ ‎(2)This advertisement ____________ the attention of housewives.‎ 这则广告的目的在于吸引家庭主妇们的注意力。‎ 答案：(1)calculate on　(2)is calculated to attract ‎[语境串记]‎ The calculator is a machine which can help us do a lot of calculations.‎ 计算器是能帮我们做很多计算的机器。‎ ‎ 即学即练 用calculate的适当形式填空。‎ ‎(1)We have to use a ________ to help us.‎ ‎(2)It ________ that more than thirty thousand people were invited by them.‎ 答案：(1)calculator　(2)has been calculated ‎3．solve vt.解答；解决 ‎(教材原句P18)In 1936 my real father，Alan Turning，wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.‎ 在1936年，我真正的父亲，艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样能使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。‎ ‎ 归纳拓展 solution n．解决办法；处理手段 a solution to sth……的解决方法 ‎(1)I think this problem is not difficult ________．‎ 我认为这个问题不难解决。‎ ‎(2)There's no easy solution to this problem.‎ 解决这个问题没有容易的方法。‎ ‎(3)It may take a long time to find ________ the problem.‎ 要找到解决这个问题的办法也许要花很长时间。‎ 答案：(1)to solve　(3)a solution to ‎【巧学妙记】　英语中有些名词常与介词to连用，可用以下口诀巧记这些名词：‎ 钥匙答案解决办法，出口入口桥与路，参观介绍纪念碑。‎ 对应的词：key，answer，solution，exit，entrance，bridge，way，visit，introduction，monument。‎ ‎ 易混辨析 solve/settle 易混词 区别 solve 表示“解决”，侧重于给出一个答案。‎ Attempts are being made by us to solve the problem of waste disposal.‎ 我们正在想办法解决废物处理的问题。‎ settle 表示“解决”，其对象通常是某种争端。常见搭配：settle a dispute/an argument/a matter解决争端/争论/事情 There is only one way to settle the dispute between the two countries about the border.‎ 只有一种方法去解决两国间的边界争端。‎ ‎ 即学即练 ‎(1)用所给词的适当形式填空。‎ There are no simple ________ (solve) to the problem.‎ ‎(2)选词填空：solve/settle。‎ ‎①It's difficult for me to ________ the problem.Let's turn to our teacher for help.‎ ‎②It's impossible to ________ the argument between them.They have been enemies for many years.‎ 答案：(1)solutions　(2)①solve　②settle ‎4．as a result结果(单独使用，其后不接宾语，可以位于句首或句中)‎ ‎(教材原句P18)As a result I totally changed my shape.‎ 结果我的形状完全改变了。‎ ‎ 归纳拓展 as a result of作为……的结果 with the result that结果是 result from由……造成；因……而产生 result in引起(某种结果)；使获得(某种成果)；结果……‎ ‎(1)It doesn't often rain in the summer here.________，we have to water the vegetable garden.‎ 这儿夏天不常下雨，因此，我们不得不给菜园浇水。‎ ‎(2)________ the pilots' strike，all flights have had to be cancelled.‎ 由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消了。‎ ‎(3)Sara wasn't at school last week，with the result that she missed an important test.‎ 萨拉上星期没上学，结果错过了一次重要考试。‎ ‎(4)Acting before thinking always ________ failure.‎ 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。‎ ‎(5)His success ________ his hard work.‎ 他的成功是他努力工作的结果。‎ 答案：(1)As a result　(2)As a result of　(4)results in　(5)results from ‎ 即学即练 用适当的介词填空。‎ ‎(1)He studied hard，and ________ a result，he passed the exam.‎ ‎(2)The flight was delayed as a result ________ fog.‎ ‎(3)Nothing has resulted ________ my efforts.‎ 答案：(1)as　(2)of　(3)from ‎5．application n．应用；用途；申请 ‎(教材原句P18)Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.‎ 从20世纪70年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。‎ ‎ 归纳拓展 have a wide application in....在……中得到广泛应用 make an application(to sb for sth)(向……)申请(某物)‎ ‎(1)I would greatly appreciate it if you could kindly consider my application.‎ 如果你能考虑我的申请，我会很感激的。‎ ‎(2)The touch panel technology __________________ IT industry.‎ 触摸屏技术在信息工业上得到广泛应用。‎ ‎ 归纳拓展 apply for申请……‎ apply to适用于；向……申请 apply...to...将……应用于……‎ apply oneself/one's mind to专心于(to为介词)‎ ‎(3)The new technology ________ farming.‎ 这项新技术已应用于农业。‎ ‎(4)What I have said only ________ some of you.‎ 我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人。‎ 答案：(2)has a wide application in　(3)was applied to　(4)applies to ‎ 即学即练 单句语法填空。‎ ‎(1)—Why didn't you ________ (application) for the job?‎ ‎—I was going to，but my friend offered me a better one.‎ ‎(2)We received 400 ________ (apply) for the job.‎ ‎(3)The poor man has made ________ application to the court.‎ 答案：(1)apply　(2)applications　(3)an ‎6．anyhow adv.无论如何；即使如此 ‎(教材原句P18)Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.‎ 不管怎样，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。‎ ‎[巧记]‎ any(任何的)＋how(怎样的)＝anyhow，任何怎样都行，就是“不管怎样”。‎ ‎(1)Anyhow/Anyway，you should have told him about all the facts of the matter.‎ 不管怎样，你应该把这件事的真相都告诉他。‎ ‎(2)________，we must finish the work today.‎ 无论如何，今天我们必须完成这项工作。‎ ‎(3)This idea probably won't work，but let's try it anyway.‎ 这种想法可能行不通，不过咱们可以试试。‎ 答案：(2)Anyhow/Anyway ‎ 易混辨析 anyhow/somehow 易混词 区别 anyhow 表示“随便地；无论如何，反正；不管怎样”。‎ Anyhow，let's try again.‎ 不管怎样，我们再试一次吧。‎ somehow 表示“以某种方式；或者不知为什么”。常用somehow or other形式。‎ Somehow we lost our way.‎ 不知怎么的，我们迷路了。‎ Somehow or other，the baby burst into tears.‎ 那个婴儿不知为什么大哭起来了。‎ ‎ 即学即练 选词填空：somehow/anyhow。‎ ‎(1)__________ or other I was able to solve the problem myself.‎ ‎(2)It may rain，but ________ I shall go out.‎ 答案：(1)Somehow　(2)anyhow ‎7．signal v．(发)信号；示意 ‎(教材原句P23)For example，I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.‎ 例如，当我无人防守，可以好好射一个球的时候，我已学会用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。‎ ‎(1)n.信号 ‎ 归纳拓展 traffic signals交通信号 a danger/warning signal ‎＝a signal of danger/warning危险/警告信号 make/give a signal发信号 ‎①A red light is a signal of danger，which is even known to a five－year－old child.‎ 红灯是危险的信号，这一点就连五岁的孩子都知道。‎ ‎②She ________ with her arm for a left turn.‎ 她用胳膊做了一个左转的手势。‎ ‎(2)vi. & vt.发信号 ‎ 归纳拓展 signal to sb向某人示意或发信号 signal (to) sb to do sth示意某人做某事 signal (to) sb that...(向……)发送信号说……‎ ‎③The diner ________ the waiters ________ the menu.‎ 用餐者示意服务员把菜单拿来。‎ ‎④She signaled to the other girls that everything was all right.‎ 她对其他女孩发信号说一切正常。‎ 答案：②made a signal　③signaled (to)　to bring ‎【助记】‎ ‎　　‎ ‎　　　信号　　　　　　　　 　　发信号 ‎ 易混辨析 signal/symbol/sign/mark 易混词 区别 signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号，还可指信号灯 symbol 表示“象征”或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物 sign 指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指“征兆，迹象”‎ mark 既可指为方便辨认而有意做的“标记”，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征 ‎ 即学即练 ‎(1)选词填空：signal/symbol/sign/mark。‎ ‎①Sir，you are forbidden not to walk your pet on the lawn.Don't you see the ________ “Keep off the grass”？‎ ‎②The sportsmen are all ready，waiting for the ________ to start running.‎ ‎③He made some ________ in the article where necessary.‎ ‎④A white dove is often used as a ________ of peace.‎ ‎(2)用所给词的正确形式填空。‎ She was ________ (signal) to the children ________ (stay) outside.‎ 答案：(1)①sign　②signal　③marks　④symbol ‎(2)signaling　to stay ‎8．in a way(＝in one way/in some way)在某种程度上 ‎(教材原句P23)In a way our programmer is like our coach.‎ 从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就好比是我们的教练。‎ ‎ 归纳拓展 in the/one's way挡道；妨碍 in this way以这种方法 in no way决不(置于句首时句子用部分倒装)‎ by way of经由；通过……方式 by the way顺便提一下；另外 ‎(1)In a way，his English has been improved.‎ 从某种程度上来说，他的英语已有了进步。‎ ‎(2)In one way，I agree with you about your estimate of the situation.‎ 在某种程度上我同意你对形势的估计。‎ ‎(3)Her social life got in the way of her studies.‎ 她的社会活动妨碍了她的学习。‎ ‎(4)________ can theory be separated from practice.‎ 理论决不能脱离实践。‎ 答案：(4)In no way ‎ 即学即练 根据句意用way的相关短语完成句子。‎ ‎(1)In ________ way am I responsible for what has happened.‎ ‎(2)Don't stand in ________ way.‎ ‎(3)I was left alone in the company.I sort of (有几分) liked it，in ________ way.‎ ‎(4)Only ________ this way can you succeed.‎ ‎(5)The company is so far away from my dorm that I have to spend much time ________ the way.‎ 答案：(1)no　(2)the　(3)a　(4)in　(5)on ‎9．arise vi.出现；发生 ‎(教材原句P23)Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.‎ 然后她把我在新情况下可能用得上的可靠动作也编制出程序。‎ ‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)A new difficulty has arisen.‎ 新的困难出现了。‎ ‎(2)Accidents ________ carelessness.‎ 疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。‎ 答案：(2)arise from ‎ 易混辨析 arise/rise/raise 易混词 区别 arise (arose，arisen)‎ 意为“产生，出现；引起；起床”。用作不及物动词。‎ A good idea arose in his mind.‎ 他想出了一个好主意。‎ rise(rose，risen)‎ 意为“上升；增加；升起；起床；起源；起立”。多指不受人为影响而自然上升，用作不及物动词。‎ Prices have risen again.‎ 价格又上涨了。‎ raise (raised，raised)‎ 意为“养育；举起；种植；筹募；提及；引起；导致”。用作及物动词，后面接宾语，可以用于被动语态。‎ Many shops have raised their prices.‎ 许多商店都提高了他们(商品)的价格。‎ ‎ 即学即练 ‎(1)选词填空：arise/rise/raise。‎ ‎①New difficulties will ________ from such a situation.‎ ‎②She ________ her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.‎ ‎③The price of wheat has ________ (has been ________)since last summer.‎ ‎(2)单句语法填空。‎ Unexpected difficulties ________ (arise) in the course of their last experiment.‎ 答案：(1)①arise　②raised　③risen　raised　(2)arose ‎10．deal with处理；安排；对付 ‎(教材原句P24)This means that it should clean the house，mop the floors，cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.‎ 这就意味着我的机器人应该打扫房子、拖地板、做饭，而且还可以接电话。‎ ‎ 归纳拓展 a great deal of大量的　　　　　　‎ deal in 经营 make a deal达成一笔交易 ‎(1)The sort of person is difficult to ________．‎ 这种人不好对付。‎ ‎(2)We have dealt with the company for 10 years.‎ 我们同那家公司做了十年的生意了。‎ ‎(3)This book ________ issues of pollution.‎ 这本书论述污染问题。‎ 答案：(1)deal with　(3)deals with ‎[语境串记]‎ These books deal with how to deal with business affairs and how to deal with businessmen.‎ 这些书论述了如何处理商务以及如何和商人打交道。‎ ‎ 易混辨析 deal with/do with 易混词组 区别 deal with deal with作“处理；对待”讲时，常与how连用。‎ They know how to deal with the problem.他们知道如何处理这个问题。‎ do with do with作“处理；对待”讲时，常与what连用。‎ What have you done with the old typewriter?‎ 你是怎么处理那台旧打字机的？‎ ‎ 即学即练 ‎(1)选词填空：deal with/do with。‎ ‎①Who can tell me how to ________ family relationship?‎ ‎②The motorbike didn't start，but I don't know what to ______ it.‎ ‎(2)单句语法填空。‎ ‎①The story tells us how ________ (deal) with troubles.‎ ‎②The store deals ________ books，furniture and hardware.‎ 答案：(1)①deal with　②do with　(2)①to deal　②in ‎11．(教材原句P18)I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.‎ 我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ 句中before引导时间状语从句，意为“……之后，……才……”。另外before除了其基本意思“在……之前”以外，还可以表示“(……之后)才；没来得及；以免；免得”之意。‎ ‎(1)They walked about 30 miles before they saw a village.‎ 他们走了大约30英里才看到一个村庄。‎ ‎(2)________ I could get in a word，he had measured me.‎ 我还没有来得及插话，他就给我量了尺寸。‎ ‎ 归纳拓展 ‎“It was＋时间段＋before...”表示“过了多久才……”。从句常用一般过去时。‎ ‎“It was not long before...”意为“不久就……”。从句常用一般过去时。‎ ‎“It will not be long before...”表示“不久就会……”。从句常用一般现在时。‎ ‎“It will be＋时间段＋before...”表示“要过多久才……”‎ ‎。从句常用一般现在时。 ‎ ‎(3)It ________ three days before he came back.‎ 过了三天他才回来。‎ ‎(4)________ he got a rise in the company.‎ 不久他在公司就升了职。‎ ‎(5)It will not be long before we ________ the new school life.‎ 不久我们就会习惯新的学校生活。‎ ‎(6)________ I come back.‎ 要过五年我才能回来。‎ 答案：(2)Before　(3)was　(4)It was not long before　(5)get used to　(6)It will be five years before ‎ 即学即练 根据汉语提示完成句子。‎ ‎(1)________________(过了一个小时)he came to help me.‎ ‎(2)________________(没过多久他就回来了)from abroad .‎ ‎(3)________________(过了半个小时后……将)they leave the reading room.‎ 答案：(1)It was one hour before　(2)It wasn't long before he came back　(3)It will be half an hour before ‎12．(教材原句P18)As time went by，I was made smaller.‎ 随着时间的推移，我被制作得更小了。‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ 句中as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”，表示主、从句的谓语动作同时发生。另外as还有“当……时候；一边……一边……”之意。‎ ‎①As she grew older she gained confidence.‎ 随着年龄的增长，她的信心增强了。‎ ‎②I saw him walking up to the street just as ________．‎ 我正要上一辆公共汽车时，看到他向街道走去。‎ ‎【特别提醒】 ‎ as表示“随着”之意时，意思同with，但with为介词，后面不能跟从句。试比较：‎ 随着时间的流逝，我们都会变老。‎ As time goes by，we all become older.‎ With time going by，we all become older.‎ ‎[语法拓展] ‎ as还可以引导其他状语从句：‎ ‎(1)引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”。‎ ‎③He is ________________________ I (am)．‎ 他的岁数和我一样大。‎ ‎(2)引导方式状语从句，意为“照……方式”。‎ ‎④____________________________．‎ 入乡随俗。‎ ‎(3)引导原因状语，意为“因为，由于”。‎ ‎⑤________________，she can't get there easily.‎ 因为她没车，所以她去那儿不方便。‎ ‎(4)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，此时从句需用倒装语序，可将从句中作表语的形容词或名词、作状语的副词或作谓语的实义动词置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时不带冠词。although和though也可引导让步状语从句，但although引导的从句不倒装，though引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装。‎ ‎⑥Happy as/though they were，there was something missing.＝Although they were happy，there was something missing.‎ 尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。‎ ‎⑦________________，he knows a lot.＝Although he is a child，he knows a lot.‎ 尽管他还是个孩子，但是他懂得很多。‎ 答案：②I was getting on a bus　③as old as　④When in Rome，do as the Romans do　⑤As she has no car ‎⑦Child as/though he is ‎ 即学即练 根据汉语提示完成句子或单句语法填空。‎ ‎(1)We'd better hurry，________(因为天就要黑了)．‎ ‎(2)Tired ________ he was，there was no hope for her to sleep.‎ ‎(3)Patients should take medicine as they ________ (tell)．‎ ‎(4)You'd better leave here as ________ (quick) as you can.‎ 答案：(1)as it's getting dark　(2)as/though　(3)were told ‎(4)quickly 应用落实 Ⅰ.单句改错 每句中有1处错误，找出并加以改正。‎ ‎1．Can you tell me a good solution for this problem?‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎2．The research has many practical application.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎3．She has something common with her sister.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎4．He signaled the boy bring the money.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎5．A new difficulty has been arisen. ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎6．Tom didn't work hard.As a result of he failed in the exam.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎7．As time going by，Einstein's theory proved to be correct.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎8．In the way，his English has improved a lot.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎9．A man escaped from the prison last night.It was a long time ‎ after the guards discovered what had happened.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎10．Can you tell me what to deal with the problem.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ 答案：1.for改为to　2.application改为applications ‎3．common前加in　4.bring前加to　5.去掉been　6.去掉of　7.going改为went或As改为With　8.the改为a ‎9．after改为before　10.deal改为do或what改为how Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．With the________(technology) development, we are leading a more and more comfortable life.‎ ‎2．As we all know, air pollution is a________(universe) problem.‎ ‎3．He spent much of his life________(explore) the wildness.‎ ‎4．We should face the________(real)bravely that we don't have enough money for the project.‎ ‎5．He had a (n)________(intelligent) test before entering the class.‎ ‎6．With much effort，the team finally got two________(goal)．‎ ‎7．They have________(calculate) the total cost that the construction of the building will need.‎ ‎8．If we work together, the problem can be ________ (solve) easily.‎ ‎9．Sometimes if you want to call abroad, you should first ring ‎ the________(operate)．‎ ‎10．Since the kids are too young to accept your words，please________(simple) your explanation.‎ 答案：1.technological　2.universal　3.exploring　4.reality ‎5．intelligence　6.goals　7.calculated　8.solved ‎9．operator　10.simplify Ⅲ.选用短语的适当形式完成句子 once a year；look like；for example；win second place；be determined to；in a way；make up；with the help of；as a result；deal with ‎1．In my opinion，the work is well done ________．‎ ‎2．They get together ________ at Christmas time.‎ ‎3．You can buy fruit here—oranges，________．‎ ‎4．After thinking about it carefully，I tried to ________ for the loss.‎ ‎5．Now we can reduce the production costs ________ the computer.‎ ‎6．Last year I _______ in the Olympic Mathematics Competition.‎ ‎7．He ________ hold on to this job whatever difficulties he might run into.‎ ‎8．No matter what the homemade gift ________， remember it's ‎ the thought that counts.‎ ‎9．We all know that，if not carefully ________， the situation will get worse.‎ ‎10．Alice overslept this morning.________ she was late for work.‎ 答案：1.in a way　2.once a year　3.for example　4.make up　5.with the help of　6.won second place　7.is/was determined to　8.looks like　9.dealt with　10.As a result 语法突破 触类旁通 语法精讲 现在完成时的被动语态 ‎[例句观察]‎ ‎①The buildings have been destroyed in the earthquake.‎ ‎②The machine has been replaced by the computer.‎ ‎③A new bridge has been built in our city.‎ ‎④Many trees have been planted along the road.‎ ‎⑤Three training centres have been opened in this city(by them)by now.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ 句中加黑的部分是________时态的________语态。‎ 答案：现在完成　被动 一、基本构成 现在完成时的被动语态由“have/has been＋过去分词”‎ 构成，其中第三人称单数用has，第三人称复数及其余人称用have。‎ 现在完成时被动语态的各种句式：‎ 肯定式：have/has＋been＋done ‎①Your computer has been repaired.‎ 你的电脑已经修好了。‎ 否定式：have/has＋not＋been＋done ‎②The desks have not been cleaned.‎ 这些桌子还没有擦干净。‎ 疑问式：Have/Has＋主语十been＋done?‎ ‎③—Has the door been painted?‎ ‎—No，it hasn't.‎ ‎——那扇门粉刷了吗？‎ ‎——不，还没有。‎ 二、主要用法 ‎1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。当动词为短暂动词时，可与already或yet连用，但不能与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。‎ ‎①I'm sorry，but the letters haven't been typed yet.‎ 很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。(结果是，现在还拿不到这些信件)‎ ‎②The work has already been finished.‎ 工作已经被完成了。(结果是，现在不用做这项工作了)‎ ‎2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...句型中。‎ The plan has been discussed for nearly 2 hours.‎ 这项计划已被讨论近两个小时了。‎ ‎3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。‎ You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.‎ 你完成任务就可以回家。‎ 三、注意事项 ‎1．现在完成时的被动语态中has/have been不可漏掉。‎ ‎①The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.‎ 这个计划已经由专家研究三次了。‎ ‎②The dirty clothes have been washed.‎ ‎ 脏衣服已经被洗好了。‎ ‎2．现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的事与现在有联系；而一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作只与过去有关，与现在没有关系。‎ ‎①The library has been built.‎ 这座图书馆已经建好了。(图书馆可以用了)‎ ‎②The library was built last year.‎ 这座图书馆是去年建成的。(图书馆现在是否能用是未知的)‎ ‎3．含有非延续性动词，如begin，start，buy，borrow，finish 等的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词的现在完成时的被动语态的否定式则可以与for或since构成的时间状语连用。‎ The work has been finished for two days.(×)‎ This book has not been borrowed since last week.(√)‎ ‎4．动词短语用于现在完成时的被动语态时，动词后面的副词或介词不可漏掉或省略。‎ The injured bird has been looked after since it was saved.‎ ‎(after不可漏掉)‎ 受伤的小鸟被救后一直被照看着。‎ 语法冲关 Ⅰ.将下列句子中的主动语态变为被动语态 ‎1．Adult education has enriched the lives of many people.‎ ‎→The lives of many people _______________________adult education.‎ ‎2．He has repaired the machine for two hours.‎ ‎→The machine__________________________for two hours.‎ ‎3．I have given Lily a present.‎ ‎→A present________________________Lily.‎ ‎4．Many countries have sent up many man－made satellites into space.‎ ‎→Many man－made satellites________________________space ‎ by many countries.‎ ‎5．He has made me work hard.‎ ‎→I________________________work hard by him.‎ ‎6．The parents have warned the children not to go near the lake.‎ ‎→The children________________________not to go near the lake.‎ ‎7．They have tried every possible means to prevent air pollution.‎ ‎→Every possible means______________________to prevent air pollution.‎ ‎8．We have put off the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.‎ ‎→The sports meeting________________________because of the heavy rain.‎ 答案：1.have been enriched by　2.has been repaired ‎3．has been given to　4.have been sent up into　5.have been made to　6.have been warned　7. has been tried ‎ ‎8. has been put off Ⅱ.单句改错 每句中有1处错误，找出并改正。‎ ‎1．A personal computer has bought by us.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎2．The computer was used every day since we bought it.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎3．Tom's novel has been not published.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎4．These patients have been taken good care since they moved to the hospital.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎5．Tom and Mary married for two years.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________ ‎ ‎6．A quarrel has been broken out between the two neighbours.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎7．How long has the book been bought?‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎8．The orphan (孤儿) has been well looked.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎9．She has praised by her classmates since young.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎10．The door has been opened by itself.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ 答案：1.has后加been　2.was改为has been　3.把not移到has与been中间　4.care后加of　5.married改为have been married　6.去掉been　7.bought改为kept ‎8．looked后加after　9.has后加been　10.去掉been Ⅲ.语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Computer technology has become a major part of people's lives.This technology has 1.________(it) own special words.One example is the word mouse.The mouse 2.________(use) for over fifty years.Computer expert Douglas Engelbart developed the idea for the mouse in 3.________early 1960s.The first computer mouse 4.________(be) a block of wood with two metal wheels.It was called a mouse because it had a tail at one end.The tail was the wire 5.________connected it to the computer.‎ Using a computer takes some training.People who are experts are sometimes called hackers (黑客)．A hacker is 6.________(usual) a person who writes software programmes in a special computer language.But the word hacker is also used 7.________(describe) a person who tries to steal information from computer systems.‎ A blog is a 8.________(person) Web page.It may contain various 9.________(story)，comments，pictures and links to other Web sites.Some people add information 10.________their blogs every day.People who have blogs are called bloggers.‎ 答案：1.its　2.has been used　3.the　4.was　5.that/which　6.usually　7.to describle　8.personal　9.stories 10．To 泛读提效 视野延伸 语篇理解 快速阅读“Reading 2”的材料选出最佳选项 ‎1．From the picture we can guess the passage is about ________．‎ A．a football match between humans B．a football match between androids C．a football match between humans and androids D．a basketball match between androids ‎2．Who's Andy?‎ A．A dog. B．A boy.‎ C．An android. D．A bird.‎ ‎3．What is Andy good at?‎ A．Running. B．Walking.‎ C．Playing football. D．Calculating. ‎ ‎4．What part does Andy play in the team?‎ A．Goal keeper. B．Back.‎ C．Striker. D．Centre.‎ 答案：1.B　2.C　3.A　4.C 要点直击 ‎1．(教材原句P23)She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.‎ 她把观看人类在比赛时的一切可能动作编入我们的程序。‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ while watching human games为时间状语，是状语从句的省略形式，完整形式应为while she is watching human games。‎ 状语从句的省略用法：‎ 省略成分 从句主语＋be 运用的从句 时间、条件、让步等状语从句 省略条件 主从句主语一致或从句主语是it，从句谓语含有be的某种形式 ‎(1)When (she was) very young，she began to learn to play the piano.‎ 她很小的时候，就开始学习弹钢琴。‎ ‎(2)Although (he was) a farmer，now he is a famous director.‎ 虽然他曾是个农民，但现在是位著名的导演。‎ ‎(3)Please turn to me for help ________．‎ 如果有必要请向我求助。‎ ‎(4)Once (he was) a worker，Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.‎ 庞龙曾是个工人，现在成了一个著名歌手。‎ 答案：(3)if (it is) necessary ‎[重点提示]‎ 状语从句的省略口诀：‎ 时，条，让，方，地；主语同，谓语be；‎ 二者省去不可惜；从句主语是it，省去it's也可以。‎ ‎ 即学即练 ‎(1)用所给词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎①She has finished the work earlier than ________ (expect)．‎ ‎②You must be careful when ________ (cross) the street.‎ ‎③Even if ________ (invite)，I won't go to the party.‎ ‎(2)单句改错。‎ While walk along the river bank，she was singing a pop song.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________.‎ 答案：(1)①expected　②crossing　③invited　(2)walk改为walking ‎2．(教材原句P23)I would really like to play against a human team，for I have been programmed to act just like them.‎ 我真的想和真人球队比赛，因为我被设计成像他们一样活动。‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ 句中for作连词，意为“因为”。它用于对前面分句加以解释、推断或说明，不表示直接原因。‎ ‎①The day has broken，for the birds are singing.‎ 天亮了，因为鸟儿在叫。‎ ‎②He could not have seen me，for I was not there.‎ 他不可能见过我，因为我不在那里。‎ ‎[语法拓展]‎ 其他连词引导的原因状语从句。‎ ‎(1)because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后，because表示直接原因，语气最强，最适合回答why引起的疑问句。‎ ‎③He had to stay at home yesterday because he caught a bad cold.‎ 他昨天不得不待在家，因为他患了重感冒。‎ ‎(2)since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)，较为正式，语气比because弱，有时可与now that互换。‎ ‎④________，you had better help me with my mathematics.‎ 既然今天你有空，你最好帮我补习数学。‎ ‎(3)as引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。‎ ‎⑤As it is raining，you'd better take a taxi.‎ 既然在下雨，你最好乘出租车。‎ ‎(4)now that引导原因状语从句时，用来说明一种情况，然后加以推论。位于句首时，that可省略。‎ ‎⑥________ you are well again，you can travel.‎ 既然你恢复了健康，你就可以去旅行。‎ 答案：④Since you're free today　⑥Now (that)‎ ‎ 即学即练 ‎(1)单句改错。‎ There must be nobody in the classroom，because the light is off.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎(2)根据所给汉语完成句子。‎ ‎①He found ________ more difficult ________，________ his eyes were falling.‎ 他觉得阅读起来更困难了，因为他的视力越来越差。‎ ‎②He ________ be ill，________ he is ________ today.‎ 他一定是病了，因为他今天缺席了。‎ 答案：(1)because改为for　(2)①it　to read　for ‎②must　for　absent ‎3．(教材原句P24)Whenever she comes，I have to look after her，and sometimes help her with her homework.‎ 无论她什么时候来，我都必须照顾她，有时还帮她做作业。‎ whenever相当于no matter when，引导让步状语从句，表示“不管什么时候”。‎ ‎ 归纳拓展 ‎“疑问词＋－ever”用法说明：‎ ‎①语法功能：引导让步状语从句和名词性从句。‎ ‎②常见疑问词：who(m)，what，where，when，which等。‎ ‎③与“no matter＋疑问词”的区别：引导让步状语从句时，两者可以互换；“疑问词＋－ever”还可引导名词性从句(wherever/whenever除外)。‎ ‎(1)Whenever(No matter when) you come，we will give you a welcome.‎ 无论你什么时候来，我们都会欢迎你的。‎ ‎(2)________ he is doesn't matter.‎ 不管他是谁，都不重要。‎ 答案：(2)Whoever ‎ 即学即练 句型转换。‎ ‎(1)Whenever I hear the story，I cannot help crying.‎ ‎→________ I hear the story，I cannot help crying.‎ ‎(2)Whatever may happen，you must keep calm.‎ ‎→________ may happen，you must keep calm.‎ 答案：(1)No matter when　(2)No matter what 阅读技能 推理判断题解题技法 ‎——抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理 有些推理判断题只需要在文中找到一些关键的词或短语，并对它们加以分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，就可推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义，从而迅速找出正确答案。‎ 例如Reading 2语篇理解部分第1小题，由课本插图可以比较直接地排除D项，因为该项涉及的是basketball。观察得再仔细些也不难发现可以排除A项，因为该项谈及的是人类而非机器人。通过阅 读课文内容也可排除C项。‎ ‎[试一试]‎ 阅读下面短文，选出正确选项 The girls faced many challenges.“We had to learn Mandarin(普通话). Also，it was a killer to dance in high heels，”said the twins, who had to do so in their music videos.‎ However，they are glad that they entered the entertainment scene at an early age.“When we are younger，we learn things faster and can gain more experience，”Yumi said.‎ What can we know from these two paragraphs?‎ A．The girls like to dance in high heels.‎ B．Their music videos must be recorded in Mandarin.‎ C．They felt sorry to enter the entertainment scene.‎ D．They will meet many difficulties in their life.‎ 解析：从文中最后两段，特别是第一段第一句“The girls faced many challenges”中的challenges“挑战”，再结合该段中的“不得不学习普通话”，经过分析和正向推理，可知她们在未来的生活中还会遇到许多的困难。因此答案选D。‎ 答案：D 规范写作 技法指导 方法技巧 写一篇想象作文 一、想象作文的分类 想象作文可分为两类：一是写自己的设想、追求、愿望、梦境的习作，这类习作往往与科幻结合在一起。另一类是童话，运用“拟人”手法，把各种动植物、物品想象成“人”，通过有趣的故事，告诉读者某个道理。 ‎ 二、写好想象作文需做到以下几点 ‎1．要大胆想象：写想象作文，一定要展开想象的翅膀，大胆想象。‎ ‎2．想象要合理：想象是以生活为基础的，因此我们写想象作文，一定要从生活实际出发，展开合理的想象，不能脱离实际。另外，想象要有所节制，要有一定的中心，要为表现文章的中心思想服务。‎ ‎3．想象的内容要具体，切忌说空话。‎ ‎4．要表达自己的真情实感。想象作文是自己对未来的幻想，饱含着自己对美好生活的热爱和向往。因此，我们在写想象作文时也应该在描写未来的同时表达自己的真情实感。‎ 三、典型句式 ‎1．People will become...in the future.‎ ‎2．I think...in the future will be more interesting and wonderful.‎ ‎3．What will...look like in the future?‎ ‎4．Have you ever thought about...in the next 30 or 50 years?‎ ‎5．We can imagine that...‎ ‎6．In addition，there will be super computers or robots which can ‎ help us do...‎ ‎7．Great changes will take place in the future.‎ ‎8．I believe my dream will come true some day.‎ ‎9．I believe this day will come true.‎ 精品展示 你校举行科技节，有一项发明很吸引外来参观者的眼球，你作为发明者向参观者介绍你的发明(护理机器人)，请按以下表格内容介绍。‎ 名字,RIBA 机器人形状及原因,一只友好的熊(人形机器人会吓坏病人)‎ 设计背景,由于社会老龄化，很难找护士，希望机器人能帮助解决此问题 功能,(1)帮助把病人从椅子上抬到床上；‎ ‎(2)能回应简单的口头指令；‎ ‎(3)能认出同事 你的希望,此发明能很快被引进医院写作要求 ‎1．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。‎ ‎2．词数100左右。‎ ‎3．注意：开头和结尾已给出(不计入总词数)。‎ ‎[写作要点]‎ 本文为一篇介绍机器人的想象性作文，属于说明文，介绍机器人的功能时应该条理清楚、用词准确。‎ 可能用到的表达方式：help do sth帮助做某事；respond to simple ‎ spoken commands回应简单的口头指令；as soon as possible/as soon as sb can尽可能快地 ‎[范文点评]‎ 范文 点评 Ladies__and__gentlemen，‎ I'd like to introduce you something about my recent invention—a robot，‎ ‎①whose__name__is__RIBA.‎ I ②designed__the__robot__to__look like a friendly bear，③since__an__android__would__scare__the__patients．Nowadays，many hospitals have been ④having__trouble__finding nurses and the population grows old，so I hope robots will ⑤help__(to)__solve the problem.RIBA can not only help carry the patients from the chair to the bed，but also ⑥respond__to simple spoken commands and recognize co－workers.‎ I hope my invention will be introduced to hospitals ⑦as__soon__as__possible．‎ ‎　　本文结构清晰，用词准确，行文连贯紧凑。一些短语、复合句等的使用使文章语言丰富，更具有可读性，如①whose引导的非限制性定语从句，②design sth to do sth，③since引导的原因状语从句，④have trouble doing sth，⑤help (to) do sth，⑥respond to，⑦as soon as possible等 Thank__you.‎ 作文仿写 假如你是李华，你的朋友Mike是孔子学院的新生，最近他想出一期汉语板报，但不知写什么内容。请给他写信，谈谈你的想法。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．词数100左右。‎ ‎2．可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：tongue twister绕口令 ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ 答案：‎ Dear Mike，‎ I am very glad to know you are studying in Confucius Institute，where you can learn a lot about Chinese culture.You write to ask for some advice on your blackboard newspaper.Here are my suggestions.‎ First，since you are a student of Confucius Institute，you'd better ‎ write something about Confucius.As is known to all，Confucius's ideas have a great influence on Chinese people as well as many foreigners.Second，you can write something about Chinese culture or history because China has a history of more than five thousand years.Of course，you can also give a Chinese riddle or tongue twister for fun.‎ I hope my advice can help you.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 课后演练 强基提能 A级　基础过关 Ⅰ.语法填空 在句中空白处填上适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．With everything he had missing，he was ________ (total) hopeless and killed himself.‎ ‎2. ________ (person)，I think the best present is not necessarily the most expensive one.‎ ‎3．This is another kind of beauty that has nothing to do with ________ (appear)，but comes from the heart.‎ ‎4．So many people around the world are learning or using English，so it is considered as a ________ (universe) language.‎ ‎5．Her car broke down on her way to the park；as ________ result，she had to ask someone to repair it.‎ ‎6．After ________，meeting strangers means seeing the unknown，which naturally makes one feel uncomfortable.‎ ‎7．I don't know how to deal ________ such a situation.‎ ‎8．________ the day went on，the weather got worse.‎ ‎9．This is so difficult a problem ________ few students can answer it.‎ ‎10．In the last few years thousands of films __________ (produce)all over the world.‎ 答案：1.totally　2.Personally　3.appearance　4.universal ‎5．a　6.all　7.with　8.As　9.that　10.have been produced Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成句子 ‎1．____________________ (无论我什么时候看到他)，he is reading.‎ ‎2．It must have rained last night，_________________ (因为到处都这么湿)．‎ ‎3．Work hard ____________________ (当你年轻时)，or you'll regret.‎ ‎4．Write down what the teacher says in class ______________(在你未忘记之前)．‎ ‎5．______________________ (随着你长大)，you'll know better ‎ about yourself.‎ 答案：1.Whenever (No matter when) I see him　2.for it is wet all over　3.when (you are) young　4.before you forget it　5.As you grow older B级　能力提升 Ⅲ.阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。‎ When something goes wrong in your life，who do you blame (把……归咎于)? I often hear my classmate Tom say，“My grade is bad because our school is too bad.It's not my fault”，“My mother always criticized me when I was a child.That's why I have no confidence.And I faced so many difficulties in my life.” Sadly，many people think others are accountable for (对……应负责)what isn't working in their life.What they don't realize is that blame makes them lose their personal power.‎ Just take a look at the word itself: BLAME.Can you see the two other words hidden within？“Lame and Me”．The real meaning of lame above is “weak”．When you take full accountability for your life—the situations you're in，the way you feel，and the choices you make—no one has power over you.I may not be able to control what occurs around me but I certainly decide how I am going to deal with ‎ it and how I will allow it to influence me.‎ You can try your best to study hard and make good preparations for your future life.Your mother's hurtful words about you aren't truth.You can remind yourself that you will be an__asset．Remember that you are useful and helpful.And you really can do something.Then，begin making more correct decisions about your life.Otherwise，you remain lost in the past and continue to blame your mother.‎ Don't let go of your happiness and success to another.Take ownership(所有权) for everything you do.No one is responsible for your life except you.Make sure to become the person you admired before and create the life you want to live.In future，be the master of your own life.So blame no one.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　当错误出现后，不要责备别人，我们自己要勇于承担责任。‎ ‎1．What can we learn from the first paragraph?‎ A．Tom failed to get a good education.‎ B．Tom lost his power of decision.‎ C．Tom blames his lack of confidence on his mother.‎ D．Tom lived a poor life when he was a young child 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“I often hear my classmate Tom say，...My mother always criticized me when I was a child.That's ‎ why I have no confidence.”可知，作者经常听到同学汤姆说，“我还是小孩的时候，妈妈经常批评我，这就是我没有自信的原因”。故汤姆把自己没有自信归咎在他妈妈的身上。‎ 答案：C ‎2．By mentioning the word “BLAME”，the author means______.‎ A．“Control what occurs around us”‎ B．“Blame is a sign of weakness”‎ C．“Your life is your own business”‎ D．“Stop something bad happening to us”‎ 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Just take a look at the word itself: BLAME.Can you see the two other words hidden within？‘Lame and Me’．The real meaning of lame above is ‘weak’．”可知，作者认为，有两个词“Lame”和“Me”藏在“BIAME”里，而“lame”在此处的意义是“weak”，软弱的含义。故作者认为，责备(别人)是(自己)软弱的一种信号。‎ 答案：B ‎3．The underlined words “an asset” (in Para 3) probably refer to________．‎ A．a born loser　　　 B．a kind person C．a good listener D．a valuable person 解析：词义猜测题。根据上文“Your mother's hurtful words about ‎ you aren't truth.”可知，此处指汤姆妈妈带有伤害的话并不是事实；再根据下文“Remember that you are useful and helpful.And you really can do something.”可知，要记住你是一个有用的、有帮助的人，是能够真正做一些事情的，故要记住，你是一个有价值的人。‎ 答案：D ‎4．What does the author mainly tell us in this passage?‎ A．Face difficulty in life bravely.‎ B．Learn something from failure.‎ C．Be responsible for what we do.‎ D．Try to be friendly to other people.‎ 解析：主旨大意题。本文最后一段是主旨段，根据该段的“No one is responsible for your life except you...So blame no one.”可知，作者主要是告诉我们不要责备他人，自己要勇于承担责任。‎ 答案：C Ⅳ.七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ When buying a pet for your family，you should take a lot of thought.‎ Think about the size of your home.__1__ If you live in a very small apartment or house，a large dog with a high energy level may not be a great pet.If you're renting，make sure you're allowed to have ‎ a pet in your building.‎ ‎__2__You want to choose a pet that will fit into your family and some types of pets may not do well with certain animals.Some dogs and cats，if they were the single pet in the house for a long time，may be aggressive with a new dog or cat.‎ Keep children in mind.__3__However，some dogs are very patient with young kids，and an older dog that is already well trained may do fine with children in a family.If you want a less hands－on pet for young children，things like fish，rabbits，and birds can be good choices.‎ Review your time. Think about how much time you have.This can influence the type of pet you get.__4__Younger animals require more care than older animals，like dogs and cats.Some pets，like dogs，also require more hands－on care.‎ ‎__5__Even if you're making the final decision，talk to everyone in your family.This can help you make the decision.Someone may feel strongly one way or another，and that could help you decide.‎ A．Collect everyone's opinions.‎ B．Think about the pets you have now.‎ C．Some animals require a lot of time for care and training.‎ D．Some pets may dislike being touched by younger children.‎ E．Do you have a place to keep an outdoor pet warm during the ‎ winter?‎ F．Where you live makes an influence on the type of pet you can have.‎ G．You want to make sure any pet you choose is safe for your family.‎ 答案：1.F　2.B　3.D　4.C　5.A Ⅴ.完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ I spent last summer volunteering at a nursing house.It was a gift to meet so many kind people.One day，I walked into a__1__where an old woman was staying. I__2__helped with the old people go out for a walk，but she wasn't ready to go for a walk that day.__3__，she wanted to go to the gift shop.I got a wheelchair，__4__her into it.‎ When we arrived there，it wasn't __5__yet.It was only a 30－minute__6__．So we went over to the waiting area and I__7__ her pieces of the newspaper aloud.After 30 minutes，it opened and we went to the gift shop.As I__8__her around，I could see the__9__in her face as she saw chocolates.She asked me to push her in that__10__，and then I helped her__11__all the different chocolate shelves.She__12__decided on three different boxes of chocolates.‎ As she was paying for what she had__13__，she asked the ‎ cashier(收银员) for a pen，then turned to me.She told me to write the__14__1，2，and 3 on the boxes.She__15__that the nurses were taking such good care of her that she bought chocolates for__16__of the three shifts (轮班) of nurses.Later，I__17__her back to her room.As we gave the current shift of nurses their box of chocolates，they __18__some to me before taking some themselves.There were smiles all around.‎ I left them that day deeply__19__by the kindness I'd just known.I found each person there made a(n)__20__influence on my life and I think it's worthwhile to spend time staying with those lovely people.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　作者暑期在一家敬老院里做志愿者。一位老人让作者带她去商店买了三盒巧克力送给护士作为感谢，作者被这种善意深深地感动了。‎ ‎1．A.store　　　　 B．bank C．market D．room 解析：根据上文“I spent last summer volunteering at a nursing house.”可知，去年夏天，作者在一家养老院做志愿者；再根据下文“an old woman was staying”可知，作者走进一位老妇人的房间。‎ 答案：D ‎2．A.usually B．seldom C．never D．hardly 解析：根据下文的转折关系“but she wasn't ready to go for a walk”可知，但是那天老人不愿意去散步，故可知作者经常帮助老人出去散步。‎ 答案：A ‎3．A.Though B．Instead C．Then D．So 解析：根据上文“go out for a walk，but she wasn't ready to go for a walk that day”和下文“she wanted to go to the gift shop”可知，那位老人那天不愿意出去散步，而是想要去一家礼品店。‎ 答案：B ‎4．A.pulled B．sent C．helped D．talked 解析：根据上文“she wanted to go to the gift shop.I got a wheelchair”可知，作者推来一个轮椅，帮助老人坐上了轮椅。‎ 答案：C ‎5．A.busy B．clean C．over D．open 解析：根据下文“So we went over to the waiting area...After 30 minutes，it opened”可知，三十分钟后礼品店才开门营业。故作者与老人到达礼品店的时候，礼品店还没有开门。‎ 答案：D ‎6．A.tour B．wait C．lecture D．interview 解析：根据下文“After 30 minutes，it opened and we went to the gift shop.”可知，作者他们还需等待30分钟(礼品店才能开门)。‎ 答案：B ‎7．A.sang B．wrote C．read D．bought 解析：根据下文“pieces of the newspaper aloud”可知，作者在等候区给老人大声地读了几页报纸。‎ 答案：C ‎8．A.pushed B．followed C．kept D．turned 解析：根据上文第一段“I got a wheelchair”可知，作者是用轮椅推着老人进了礼品店，故作者在店里推着老人浏览商品。‎ 答案：A ‎9．A.surprise B．worry C．trouble D．joy 解析：根据下文第三段“she bought chocolates”可知，那位老人买了巧克力。故当那位老人看到巧克力时，她的脸上露出高兴的笑容。‎ 答案：D ‎10．A.world B．house C．direction D．shop 解析：根据下文“different chocolate shelves”可知，‎ 老人让作者推她朝着巧克力货架的方向走去。‎ 答案：C ‎11．A.go through B．look through C．get through D．put through 解析：根据上下文可知，老人看着货架上的不同包装样式的巧克力。‎ 答案：B ‎12．A.finally B．politely C．fairly D．mainly 解析：根据下文“decided on three different boxes of chocolates”可知，那位老人最终决定买三盒有着不同包装的巧克力。‎ 答案：A ‎13．A.caught B．designed C．eaten D．chosen 解析：根据上文“decided on three different boxes of chocolates”可知，老人选了三盒巧克力，并付了款。‎ 答案：D ‎14．A.address B．letters C．numbers D．story 解析：根据上文“she asked the cashier for a pen”以及下文“1，2，and 3 on the boxes”可知，老人在收银员那里借了一只钢笔，然后她转向作者，要作者替她在巧克力盒子上写号码。‎ 答案：C ‎15．A.thought B．explained C．remembered D．believed 解析：老人解释说敬老院的护士对她非常好，所以她要买巧克力感谢那些护士。‎ 答案：B ‎16．A.each B．any C．none D．one 解析：根据“three shifts of nurses”可知，那些护士分成三班值班。老人将给每一班照顾她的护士一盒巧克力。‎ 答案：A ‎17．A.moved B．wheeled C．brought D．drove 解析：根据上文可知，作者是用轮椅推着老人去的那个礼品店，再根据下文“her back to her room”可知，作者将老人推回到她的敬老院的房中。‎ 答案：B ‎18．A.passed B．returned C．added D．offered 解析：当作者和老人给当班的护士巧克力的时候，护士在自己拿巧克力前先给了作者一些。‎ 答案：D ‎19．A.attracted B．encouraged C．moved D．hurt 解析：根据下文可知作者离开敬老院时，她心里被她刚刚知道的善意行为深深地感动着。‎ 答案：C ‎20．A.big B．common C．strange D．early 解析：根据上下文可知作者认为敬老院的每个人对她的生活都有很大的影响(她在那儿学到了不少)，她花时间与那些可爱的人相处是值得的。‎ 答案：A 单元质量评估(三)‎ ‎(时间：100分钟　满分：120分)‎ 第一部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。‎ A A recent study talked about how less than 1% of people are “Elite Sleepers”，people who sleep for four hours and can function ‎ (正常作用) like someone who has slept for eight hours.Unfortunately，for the rest of us，we need seven to eight hours.‎ From a company view，we found that seven to eight hours of sleep is the safe zone (区域)．However，many enter the danger zone (too little sleep) of five to six hours at night.Is this the person you would want to do important work in your company? Even worse，is this the leader you would want to make decisions that influence the lives of so many others? Absolutely not.‎ Safe zone of sleep: seven to eight hours.Danger zone: five to six hours.We need to close the difference，but how?‎ Our Solution—Sleep Class ‎5 days a week；2：30－3：00 pm local time in New York，Boston，San Francisco and London；‎ Prompt (准时地) start and end.It doesn't end at 3：05.It ends exactly at 3：00.And no one is allowed in at 2：31.‎ You walk in，lie on a cushion (垫子) and are given only two rules：‎ ‎·Don't move；‎ ‎·Don't fall asleep.‎ The class is called Yoga Nidra (Yoga Sleep)，which is a combination of yoga and meditation (冥想)．In a calming voice an instructor is using a special method to have you think of sunsets，sunrises，a red ball，green grass，and thousands of images that are ‎ comfortable.Every instructor shows that one hour of Yoga Nidra means four hours of sleep.It is keeping you in a perfect state，that dream－like state right before you fall asleep，for the entire time.‎ Come and have a try if you want to enjoy a better life and centre better at work.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了一个提高睡眠质量的课程。‎ ‎1．According to the passage，we know “Elite Sleepers” ________．‎ A．are very common in daily life B．do work better than ordinary people C．lie in the safe zone D．have less sleeping time 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study talked about how less than 1% of people are ‘Elite Sleepers’，people who sleep for four hours and can function like someone who has slept for eight hours.”可知，Elite Sleepers每天睡眠4小时但能像每天睡眠8小时的人一样正常工作，故Elite Sleepers是指每天睡眠时间较少的人。‎ 答案：D ‎2．The two questions in Paragraph 2 are used to show________．‎ A．the people who need enough sleep B．the importance of the safe zone C．the way to avoid getting little sleep D．the fact of not having enough sleep 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“However，many enter the danger zone (too little sleep) of five to six hours at night.”可知，许多人进入到每晚5到6小时睡眠时间的危险区域；以及“Absolutely not.”可知，问题的答案是否定的，可推知，本段的两个问题是为了显示睡眠时间在安全区域的重要性。‎ 答案：B ‎3．What can we learn about the Sleep Class?‎ A．It has an exact start and end time.‎ B．It is held every day.‎ C．It has not strict rules.‎ D．It asks people to walk much.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据“Our Solution—Sleep Class”部分的“Prompt start and end.It doesn't end at 3：05.It ends exactly at 3：00.And no one is allowed in at 2：31.”可知，睡眠课程有精确的起止时间。‎ 答案：A ‎4．What are you expected to do during the class?‎ A．Sleep for half an hour.‎ B．Learn some sleep skills.‎ C．Do yoga while meditating.‎ D．Tell the instructor what you see.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The class is called Yoga Nidra (Yoga Sleep)，which is a combination of yoga and meditation.”可知，这个睡眠课程是瑜伽和冥想的结合体。‎ 答案：C B Are the marks on the Dighton Rock made by Americans? The Chinese? The Portuguese? The Japanese? All or none of the above? There have been kinds of answers about who carved (雕刻) the marks found on the 40－ton stone in Massachusetts，the USA.But，no one has been able to say with certainty who first wrote on the rock，what they wanted to communicate，or why.‎ The Dighton Rock is a 40－ton stone that arrived to the Taunton River during the melting of the glaciers (冰川) during the last ice age.It is 5 feet (1.5 metres) high，9.5 feet (2.9 metres) wide，and 11 feet (3.4 metres) long.‎ Although no one can say for certain who was/were the maker(s) of the marks on the stone，it has been agreed that they certainly are very old and very real.Many experts say that the mystery of the Dighton rock began in 1680，when Reverend John Danforth visited the rock.After seeing it，he decided that the carvings on it were made by Native Americans，and told the tale of a ship arriving，then the ‎ war between the locals and the newcomers.Danforth described the marks visible (可见的) on the top half of the stone (possibly because the rest was under tidal water (潮水) while he worked)．‎ The Dighton Rock remained in the Taunton River until 1963，when all 40 tons of it was pulled out of the river.While in the river，most of the rock was visible when the tidal water was low，however when the tidal water was high，the rock was nearly covered.Today the Dighton Rock stands inside a specially created museum，which could secure it to avoid graffiti(涂鸦)．‎ The number of tourists and interested experts seems to have fallen over the last few years，and the mystery of the marks on the Dighton Rock may never be solved.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了关于戴顿石的未解之谜。‎ ‎5．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?‎ A．The importance of the rock to Americans.‎ B．The details of the Dighton Rock.‎ C．One of the answers of the secret to the rock.‎ D．The war about the Dighton Rock.‎ 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段对戴顿石由来及形状的介绍可知，本段主要是关于戴顿石的细节介绍。‎ 答案：B ‎6．According to the passage，John Danforth________．‎ A．experienced the war between the native and the newcomers B．thought the tidal water caused the marks of the stone C．visited the Dighton Rock in 1963‎ D．saw the marks on the top half of the stone 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Danforth described the marks visible on the top half of the stone (possibly because the rest was under tidal water while he worked)．”可知，约翰·丹佛斯看见的是石头上半部分的符号。‎ 答案：D ‎7．What does the underlined word “secure” in Paragraph 4 mean?‎ A．Protect.　　　　　 B．Move.‎ C．Carve. D．Rebuild.‎ 解析：词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Today the Dighton Rock stands inside a specially created museum”及“to avoid graffiti”可知，戴顿石在一个特殊建造的博物馆里是为了避免涂鸦，可推知，此处是说这样做的目的是为了保护戴顿石，故可知答案。‎ 答案：A ‎8．What can we infer from the passage?‎ A．The tourists have become more interested in the rock these years.‎ B．The graffiti on the Dighton Rock is special scenery.‎ C．The view of Reverend John Danforth was trusted by lots of people.‎ D．The marks on the Dighton Rock may be a secret forever.‎ 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“The number of tourists and interested experts seems to have fallen over the last few years，and the mystery of the marks on the Dighton Rock may never be solved.”可知，在过去的几年，对戴顿石感兴趣的专家及游客的数量下降了，关于戴顿石的秘密可能永远不会告破，可推知，戴顿石上的符号可能永远都是个秘密。 ‎ 答案：D C NASA (美国航空航天局) has said that it wants to establish a Mars colony (殖民地) by the 2030s while the European Space Agency is hoping to return to the Moon even sooner.But if the plans are to be realized，astronauts will need to learn to grow their own food.It is pleasing that hopes for a colony on Mars took a step forward after scientists proved (证明) it was possible to grow eatable food in Martian soil for the first time.‎ Researchers in the Netherlands have been attempting to grow food in soils which were created like the conditions on the Red Planet and also the Moon，but scientists of Wageningen University and Research Centre，Wageningen，were concerned that even if food ‎ grew，it would include dangerous levels of metals which would be harmful to human beings.‎ But experiments growing tomatoes and radishes (小萝卜) proved that the crops were not only safe，but possibly healthier than those grown in Earth soil.“For tomatoes and radishes，we did an analysis and the results are very promising，” Dr Wieger Wamelink from NASA refutes (反驳) some of the scientists.“We can eat them.”‎ The research showed that only radishes had high levels of metals.They also grew significantly less well in the soil of the moon.However，scientists think that the problem may just be on the outside and washing away the soil would be enough to bring levels down and make them safe for eating.It is still unknown if the take up of heavy metals is the same on Earth as it would be under the lower gravity (重力) conditions found on Mars and the Moon.Only research on the spot will give an answer.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍科学家首次用火星“土壤”种出可食用作物。‎ ‎9．Why were the scientists of Wageningen worried about the food grown in Martian soil?‎ A．It would grow significantly less well in Martian soil than in Earth soil.‎ B．It would be certain to include some medicine that would kill ‎ humans.‎ C．It would not have the materials that are needed for human beings.‎ D．It might include dangerous metals that would be harmful to humans.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“scientists of Wageningen University and Research Centre，Wageningen，were concerned that even if food grew，it would include dangerous levels of metals which would be harmful to human beings”可知，荷兰瓦赫宁根大学与研究中心的科学家们担心，即便种出了农作物，其重金属含量也可能会过高，从而对人类产生有害影响。‎ 答案：D ‎10．What is Dr Wieger Wamelink's attitude towards some scientists' idea?‎ A．He argues against it.‎ B．He doubts it.‎ C．He agrees with it.‎ D．He pays no attention to it.‎ 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“‘For tomatoes and radishes，we did an analysis and the results are very promising，’Dr Wieger Wamelink from NASA refutes some of the scientists.‘We can eat them.’”可知，韦格·瓦梅林克博士反驳一些科学家：“‎ 我们对西红柿和小萝卜进行了分析，实验的结果充满了希望。我们可以食用它们。”由此可推知，韦格·瓦梅林克博士对一些科学家的想法是持反对态度的。‎ 答案：A ‎11．According to the research，the radishes ________．‎ A．were healthier than the tomatoes B．grew well in the lower gravity conditions C．growing in Martian soil had heavy metals D．would be grown less and less in the Earth soil 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“The research showed that only radishes had high levels of metals.”可知，研究显示，只有小萝卜重金属含量过高。由此可知，在火星土壤中种植的小萝卜含有重金属。‎ 答案：C ‎12．It can be inferred from the passage that ________．‎ A．heavy metals included in the food grown in Martian soil can be easily avoided B．foods grown in Martian soil will be the main source for humans in the future C．a lot of tests will be done to prove the safety of the food grown in Martian soil D．it is out of the question for human beings to grow food in Martian soil 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is still unknown if the take up of heavy metals is the same on Earth as it would be under the lower gravity conditions found on Mars and the Moon.Only research on the spot will give an answer.”可知，现在不知道的是，重金属的占比在火星和月球这些重力较低的环境中是否还和在地球上一样。只有“实地”实验才能得出结论。由此可推知，科学家们将做更多的实验来验证在火星上种植的食物是否安全。‎ 答案：C D My drug use started when I was 13 years old.I was hanging out with people who were smoking and one of my friends asked，“Do you want to try this？” I could see how they were having a good time，and I heard it wasn't as bad as the school anti－drug programmes said.After trying it，I was changing and my thoughts on life were changing.I thought，“These people do it and their lives aren't terrible.”‎ Slowly，I became heavily involved (使陷于) in drugs.I started lying to relatives for money，and stealing from my family.I was robbing (抢劫) people left and right，taking whatever I could and selling it.I even sold my little brother's computer games.‎ At one point，I poured my heart out to my family and told them I was doing a lot of drugs.They cried，I cried，and we began to talk ‎ about what to do to save me.‎ Later，I went to Phoenix House Academy in Dublin.Phoenix House showed me the Narcotics Anonymous programme.They taught me how to deal with certain triggers (触发条件) that make me want to use，how to deal with anger and other emotions.It made me unhappy but it showed me how to deal with being unhappy.I started going on the way and coming home for longer visits.My family came to Phoenix House every Saturday for family and parent groups.I started building trust with them again and it even brought us closer together.We had heart to heart conversations and we grew stronger over this whole experience.‎ After I left Phoenix House，I went back to school full time and started working again.I think Phoenix House gave me the tools to deal with life.It showed me recovery (恢复) is possible.It gave me my health and my life back.I'm happier now than I had ever been since I started using.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了作者吸食毒品而后戒掉毒品的经历。‎ ‎13．Who offered the writer drugs at first?‎ A．His friend. B．His roommate.‎ C．His relative. D．His brother.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“I was hanging out with people ‎ who were smoking and one of my friends asked，‘Do you want to try this？’ I could see how they were having a good time”可知，起初为作者提供毒品的是他的一个朋友。‎ 答案：A ‎14．In order to buy drugs，the writer did all the things EXCEPT________．‎ A．cheating his relatives B．stealing money from family C．robbing people D．playing computer games for others 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“I started lying to relatives for money，and stealing from my family.I was robbing people left and right，taking whatever I could and selling it.I even sold my little brother's computer games.”可知，为了买毒品，作者对亲属说谎，从家里偷钱，抢路人的东西，甚至偷弟弟的电脑游戏去卖，故可知，作者没有为他人代玩电脑游戏。‎ 答案：D ‎15．When the writer's family knew the writer was taking drugs，they________．‎ A．felt angry with him B．called the policeman C．didn't give him up D．didn't know how to deal with him 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“At one point，I poured my heart out to my family and told them I was doing a lot of drugs.They cried，I cried，and we began to talk about what to do to save me.”以及倒数第二段内容可知，作者的家人将他送到Phoenix House戒毒，可推知，作者的家人并没有放弃他。‎ 答案：C 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ What was the last lie (谎言) you told? If your answer is along the lines of “so long ago，I can't remember”，that's most likely a big lie.—because we lie up to 200 times a day.__16__If you suspect (怀疑) someone isn't being totally honest，listen carefully to what they're saying and try to find one of these three signs.‎ Often the lies we tell are along the lines of “I'm fine” when someone asks how you are.__17__According to psychologists，we lie mainly because “we want to connect ourselves to who we think we should be.” But if we're telling too many lies，it means others are too.And while some are harmless and will have no influence on our life，there's a chance some will.So，how to recognize a liar?‎ They use the third person.Someone who's lying will try to keep ‎ the self－references (自我指涉) to the least.__18__So，for example，instead of saying “I didn't do it” they might say “that didn't happen”．‎ ‎__19__Listen out for the language someone you suspect is using.If they're using negative language，that's a good hint (暗示) as liars express a lot of negativity because they feel bad about lying.‎ They keep their stories simple.__20__So they often offer simple stories.Watch out for explanations in simple terms.‎ A．They use negative language.‎ B．Almost everyone dislikes liars in daily life.‎ C．There are usually three signs that you might tell from a liar.‎ D．Our purpose isn't necessarily to cheat or cover up our behaviours.‎ E．So do remember not to make friends with any liars once you tell from them.‎ F．It's difficult for liars to come up with a complex (复杂的) story immediately.‎ G．They use the third person as a means of distancing themselves from the cheat.‎ 答案：16.C　17.D　18.G　19.A　20.F 第二部分　英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节　完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ I entered my office in the afternoon and began to work.As the Volunteer Coordinator (协调者) for one of the largest lighted Christmas events in Washington，I was__21__for filling 2，500 volunteer positions in the month of December alone.‎ ‎__22__，the phone rang and I hurried to answer.The voice on the other end__23__herself as Kimberly.She said she was__24__to see if there were still any positions for her son Jake because Jake was expecting a(n)__25__of coming to help.She explained what the__26__it would be for Jake to be a volunteer as a__27__since he'd been diagnosed (诊断) with cancer.However，I __28__ having to tell her I could offer him very little __29__because there was no more position.‎ After the phone call，I fell deep in thought.Then，Mark，responsible for the pony (矮种马) rides，came in with a(n)__30__voice.He said，“I cannot do more.__31__I have to lift one more kid on one more horse，I would die.Jessica，I __32__ need another one，even if it's just for a couple of hours.”‎ A smile lit up my face，and I said，“I think I __33__a guy.” And a phone call later，Jake was planned to__34__Mark each night.‎ The next day，I made my way toward the pony ‎ rides.Jake__35__with his back to me on the platform (平台) that the children stood on to be lifted onto the horses.Another volunteer waved at me，and Jake__36__．A moment later he__37__me and stood up.“Jessica！” he said__38__．“Thank you for getting me this__39__．Mark says I'm doing a good job，and also my mum is__40__of me！” Then Jake hugged me.I felt very happy!‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了作者作为志愿者协调员为一位癌症病人提供了一个志愿者职位。‎ ‎21．A.anxious B．famous C．responsible D．suitable 解析：根据上文“As the Volunteer Coordinator for one of the largest lighted Christmas events in Washington”可知，作者是圣诞节活动的志愿者协调者，故可知，作者负责2 500个志愿者职位的协调工作。‎ 答案：C ‎22．A.Suddenly B．Fortunately C．Finally D．Slowly 解析：根据下文“and I hurried to answer”可知，电话突然响起，作者匆忙去接。‎ 答案：A ‎23．A.considered B．viewed C．offered D．introduced 解析：根据下文“as Kimberly”可知，电话的另一端传来声音介绍自己是金伯利。‎ 答案：D ‎24．A.coming B．calling C．remembering D．leaving 解析：根据上文电话响起可知，此处是说金伯利打电话是为她的儿子询问志愿者职位。‎ 答案：B ‎25．A.ability B．skill C．chance D．end 解析：根据上文“to see if there were still any positions for her son Jake”可知，金伯利的儿子正在期待做志愿者的机会。‎ 答案：C ‎26．A.meaning B．way C．grade D．experience 解析：根据下文“to be a volunteer”可知，金伯利解释做志愿者对杰克来说意义非凡。‎ 答案：A ‎27．A.supporter B．stranger C．challenger D．patient 解析：根据下文“since he'd been diagnosed with cancer”可知，做志愿者对作为病人的杰克来说意义非凡。‎ 答案：D ‎28．A.risked B．regretted C．minded D．avoided 解析：根据下文“because there was no more position”可知，作者不得不遗憾地告知金伯利，作者几乎没有事情可以提供给杰克。‎ 答案：B ‎29．A.power B．comfort C．thing D．encouragement 解析：根据下文没有更多的职位可知，作者表示几乎没有事情可以提供给他。‎ 答案：C ‎30．A.tired B．happy C．high D．angry 解析：根据下文“I cannot do more”可知，负责骑矮种马活动的马克声音疲惫。‎ 答案：A ‎31．A.Then B．When C．Though D．If 解析：马克表示如果他再将一个小孩扶上矮种马的话，他就会累死。‎ 答案：D ‎32．A.quickly B．really C．almost D．also 解析：根据上文马克表示自己快累死了可知，他确实需要一名志愿者帮忙。‎ 答案：B ‎33．A.require B．stop C．know D．order 解析：根据上文“A smile lit up my face”可知，作者脸上洋溢着微笑说她知道一个人选。‎ 答案：C ‎34．A.help B．praise C．influence D．teach 解析：根据上文“And a phone call later”可知，作者打电话安排杰克帮助马克。‎ 答案：A ‎35．A.supported B．lied C．slept D．sat 解析：根据下文“and stood up”可知，杰克背对着作者坐在孩子们骑马的平台上。 ‎ 答案：D ‎36．A.showed up B．turned around C．went away D．jumped out 解析：根据上文“Another volunteer waved at me”可知，‎ 另一个志愿者向作者挥手，然后杰克转过身来。‎ 答案：B ‎37．A.recognized B．caught C．met D．forgot 解析：根据下文杰克与作者打招呼并谈话可知，此处是说杰克认出了作者。‎ 答案：A ‎38．A.seriously B．embarrassedly C．excitedly D．commonly 解析：根据下文杰克说的话以及杰克拥抱作者可知，杰克很激动。‎ 答案：C ‎39．A.gift B．lesson C．friend D．job 解析：根据下文“Mark says I'm doing a good job”可知，杰克感谢作者为他提供工作。‎ 答案：D ‎40．A.afraid B．proud C．uncertain D．fond 解析：根据上文杰克很激动以及马克表示杰克做得很好可知，此处是说杰克的妈妈也为他感到骄傲。‎ 答案：B 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Charles Babbage，born in 1791，was an English mathematician and inventor，who is 41.________(wide)recognized as the first pioneer of the computer.Charles Babbage 42.________ (educate)mainly at home when he was a child.By the time he attended Cambridge University in 1810 he was very interested in mathematics.After 43.________ (graduate) Babbage was hired by the Royal Institution to lecture on calculus.Within two years he had been elected a member of the Royal Society.‎ Babbage began in 1822 with 44.________ he called the difference engine，a machine that could perform 45.________(mathematics)calculations.A six－wheeled model，46.________ (weigh)fifteen tons，is located at the Science Museum in London now.He later(1847—1849) developed plans for a bigger and better machine—Difference Engine No 2.47.________ he didn't receive funding from the British government，Difference Engine No 2 wasn't finished in Babbage's lifetime.‎ Despite his many 48.________(achievement)，the failure to construct his calculating machines，and in particular the failure of the government 49.________(support)his work，left Babbage in his declining years a 50.________(disappoint)man.He died at his home in ‎ London on October 18，1871.‎ 答案：41.widely　42.was educated　43.graduation ‎44．what　45.mathematical　46.weighing　47.Because ‎48．achievements　49.to support　50.disappointed 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ This term our school has offer more than ten optional courses with which students can choose.The courses are given 4：00 to 5：30 every Thursday afternoon.Students show interest in optional courses.Their favourite are computers，speaking English，arts and so on.They say they have learned a lot about that is not taught in textbooks and they have got a great deal of practice.Therefore，students are not quite satisfied.They hope that more optional courses will be offered or the homework will be less.They suggest more trips ‎ and visits should organized so that they can learn more about what's going on inside school.‎ 答案：‎ This term our school has more than ten optional courses which students can choose.The courses are given 4：00 to 5：30 every Thursday afternoon.Students show interest in optional courses.Their are computers， English，arts and so on.They say they have learned a lot about is not taught in text－books and they have got a great deal of practice.，students are not quite satisfied.They hope that more optional courses will be offered the homework will be less.They suggest more trips and visits should organized so that they can learn more about what's going on school.‎ 第二节　书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎“低碳生活”已成为时下流行的生活方式。作为学生，我们要积极倡导，身体力行。请你根据下面的内容提示写一篇英语短文，谈谈如何从身边的小事做起，实践低碳生活。‎ 内容提示：‎ ‎1．节约水、电、粮食等。‎ ‎2．废物再利用。‎ ‎3．出行方式。‎ ‎4．植树……‎ 注意：词数100左右。‎ 参考词汇：low－carbon低碳 ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ 答案：‎ Now the low－carbon lifestyle is becoming popular among people.As a student，I think we can do some practical things around us.For example，we should turn off the tap when we find water running and we shouldn't keep water running while washing our clothes.We should turn off the electricity when we leave the classroom.We shouldn't throw away the food we can't eat out.Besides，we can recycle waste things and reuse them.When we travel，we'd ‎ better take a bus or ride a bicycle instead of taking a taxi or driving.What's more，we can plant more trees as well.‎ What we should always keep in mind is to save more energy and produce less waste.If everyone makes an effort，we'll live a better life.‎