【英语】2018届二轮复习特殊句式（强调句、倒装句、省略句）考点讲解（5页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习特殊句式（强调句、倒装句、省略句）考点讲解（5页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 特殊句式（强调句、倒装句、省略句）考点讲解 考向一　强调句 ‎1. 强调句的基本句型 ‎ It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子剩余成分 ‎(1)强调人时可用who/that来连接，强调事物时用that。‎ 所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。‎ It is I who/that am right.(强调主语) 我才是对的。‎ It was him that/who/whom we met at the school gate.(强调宾语)‎ 我们在学校门口遇到的是他。‎ It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go to work.(强调状语)‎ 她之所以没来上班，是因为她母亲病了。‎ ‎2.强调句的特殊句式 强调句的特殊句式 结构构成 一般疑问句 Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？‎ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋句子其他部分？‎ not until句式 It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分 not...but...句式 It is not... ＋that...，but.../It is not... but... that...‎ ‎ ‎ Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? 第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？‎ When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？‎ What is it that you want me to do? 你要我做什么？‎ I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.‎ ‎→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。‎ He didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night. 他昨晚直到十一点才睡觉。‎ ‎→It was not until 11 o'clock last night that he went to bed.‎ ‎3.用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。‎ Do be careful while crossing the street. 过马路时一定要当心。[来源:学&科&网]‎ He did come to see you last Sunday，but you were out. 他上周日的确来看过你，但是你出去了。‎ ‎【总结】判断一个句子是强调句型还是其他句型，最简单的方法就是“还原法”，即去掉强调句型的特有结构It is/was... that/who...，若去掉这个结构后句子仍然成立，那该句型便是强调句型，否则，就可能是其他句型。‎ ‎(1)It was he who did all the cleaning.‎ ‎(2)It is a pity that he has failed again. ‎ 考向二　倒装 ‎1. 完全倒装 ‎ ‎(1)There be＋主语＋...，此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物动词代替 There seems to be something wrong with the machine. 好像机器出了点问题。‎ ‎(2)Here/There/Now/Then/Thus＋不及物动词＋名词 There goes the bell.Let's go into the lecture hall. 铃响了，我们进入演讲大厅吧。‎ Be quick！Here comes the bus. 快点，公共汽车来了。‎ ‎(3)Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Off/Back/Over＋不及物动词＋名词 Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲出了教室。‎ Away flew the birds. 鸟儿飞走了。‎ ‎(4)介词短语(表地点)＋不及物动词＋主语 On the wall hang two large portraits. 墙上挂着两张巨幅画像。‎ ‎(5)表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)‎ Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.‎ 出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。‎ ‎(6)Such＋be＋主语 Such are the facts；no one can deny them. 这些就是事实，没有人可以否认。‎ ‎2. 部分倒装 ‎ ‎(1)用于以so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容，须部分倒装，且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致，但“so＋主语＋do”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，so相当于indeed，certainly。‎ Mary has learned by heart 200 words，and so have I. 玛丽已经记住了200个单词，我也是。‎ ‎－The girls study hard. 这些女孩学习刻苦。‎ ‎－So they do. 她们的确如此。 ‎ ‎(2)表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时要部分倒装。这些词有not，never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，little，no，nowhere，not only，not until，at no time，by no means，in no way，no sooner...than，hardly...when等。‎ By no means shall we give up. 我们决不会放弃。‎ At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon. 在任何情况下中国决不会第一个使用核武器。‎ ‎(3)only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时要用部分倒装。‎ Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在我朋友来之后，电脑才修好。‎ ‎(4)as引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)要用部分倒装。‎ Tired as he was，he stayed up late. ‎ Explain as I might，I could not make myself understood. ‎ Child as he is，he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，可他知道很多。(注意开头的名词前无冠词)‎ Much as he likes the bike, he doesn't want to buy it.‎ ‎(5)在so...that，such...that句型中，当so，such引导的结构置于句首时要用部分倒装。‎ So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.‎ 他说话声音那样大，隔壁屋里的人都能听见。‎ ‎(6)在hardly...when，no sooner...than，not until句型中，主句要部分倒装。[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow. 他刚一到，天就下起雪来了。‎ 考向三　省略句 ‎1. 状语从句的省略 ‎ ‎(1)在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又与主句的主语一致或主语是it时，主谓均可以省略。‎ ‎①时间状语从句：Please come here as soon as(it is)possible.‎ ‎②地点状语从句：Fill in the blanks with articles where(it is)necessary.‎ ‎③条件状语从句：She won't come to the party unless(she is)invited.‎ ‎④方式状语从句：I wonder why he didn't do as(he was)told to.‎ ‎⑤比较状语从句：It is much colder today than(it was)yesterday.‎ ‎⑥让步状语从句：Though(they were)tired，they went on walking.‎ ‎(2)状语从句省略主语时，其后用现在分词表示该动词与省略的主语是主谓关系，用过去分词则表示为动宾关系。‎ Be careful when(you are)crossing the street. 过马路的时候一定要小心。‎ Once(he/she is)burnt，a child dare not touch the fire again. 一个孩子一旦被烧伤，就不敢再碰火了。 ‎ ‎2. 答语中的省略 ‎ ‎ I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so或not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。‎ ‎－Do you think it will rain? 你认为会下雨吗？‎ ‎－I hope not(that it will not rain)．我希望不下。‎ ‎－Do you believe our team will win? 你相信我们队会赢吗？－I guess so.我猜会赢。‎ ‎3. 不定式中“to”的省略 ‎ ‎(1)感官动词(see，feel，hear，notice，watch，observe，listen to等)和使役动词(let，make，have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。‎ I heard someone sing in the next room. 我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。‎ The thief was noticed to slip into the room. 有人注意到这个贼溜进了房间。‎ ‎(2)动词help和介词but，except后的不定式作宾语时，有时必须省略to。‎ He will help me(to)work out the problem. 他将帮助我解决这个问题。‎ He did nothing but wait all the time. 他除了一直等毫无办法。‎ 若句中but/except前无do/does/did，则to不能省略。‎ He has no choice but to wait. 他除了等毫无选择。 ‎ ‎(4)固定结构或句型中常省去“to”。‎ can't (help) but do...；why not do...；prefer to do...rather than do...；‎ I would prefer to swim rather than play football. 比起踢足球我更喜欢游泳。‎ ‎4. 虚拟语气中if和should的省略 ‎ ‎(1)在条件从句中，将助动词提到句首，省去if。‎ If we had known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.‎ ‎→Had we known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.‎ ‎ 如果我们知道这个工厂的计划，我们就不会买这座房子。‎ If I were you，I would not do it like that.‎ ‎→Were I you，I would not do it like that. 如果我是你，我不会那样做。‎ ‎(2)主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句中省略should。‎ The workers demanded that their wages(should)be increased. 工人们要求提高工资。‎ 类似的动词还有：suggest，advise，insist，order，prefer，propose，request，require，command，recommend等。‎ It is desired that we(should)arrive there before dark. 我们被要求天黑前到达。‎ It is necessary that he(should)know it. 他有必要知道这件事。‎ My suggestion is that we(should)visit the exhibition at once. 我建议我们马上参观展览。 ‎ ‎5. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构 ‎ ‎(1)在以if，when，though，as if(好像)等连词引导的状语从句中，如果主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有动词be，或者从句为it is结构时，从句往往使用省略的形式。‎ If(it is)necessary，we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。‎ Whenever(it is)possible，he will come to my help. 他一有可能就来帮助我。‎ While(you are)cycling，don't forget the traffic lights. 骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。‎ 考向四　there be结构 ‎1.There be 结构的谓语形式 ‎ There be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be，happen to be, be likely to be或remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur等替换。‎ There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.‎ Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.‎ ‎2.There be 的非谓语形式 What is the chance of there being an election this year?(there be的动名词形式作of的宾语)‎ I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.（there be的不定式结构作expect的复合宾语）‎ ‎ ‎