【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题语态学案（7页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题语态学案（7页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 语态学案 一、被动语态的构成 ‎①English is required to be learned by the pupils in most primary school.‎ 大多数小学要求学生学英语。‎ ‎②The man was seen to give away his company's important information to a manager, so he was fired.‎ 有人看到这名男子向一位经理泄露了他公司的重要信息，所以他被解雇了。‎ ‎③—The window is dirty.‎ ‎—I know. It hasn't been cleaned for weeks.‎ ‎——窗户脏了。‎ ‎——我知道。好几周没擦了。‎ ‎④The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.‎ 如果人们被说服了吃更多的水果和蔬菜，那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎　　时 体　　‎ 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 is/am/are done was/were ‎ done will/shall be done would/should be done 进行 is/am/are being done was/were being done ‎—‎ ‎—‎ 完成 have/has been done had　been done will/shall have been done would/should have been done ‎[点津]　“get＋过去分词”表示被动。‎ ‎⑤More and more people are getting attacked in the underground these ‎ days.‎ 近来，越来越多的人在地铁里遭到袭击。‎ 二、主动表示被动的用法 ‎①She proves very patient and warmhearted.‎ 她被证明很有耐心和热心。‎ ‎②The pen that I received on my birthday writes smoothly.‎ 我过生日时收到的钢笔写起来流畅。‎ ‎③The door won't open, so we will ask a repairman to open it.‎ 这门打不开，所以我们请修理工打开它。‎ ‎④I had my mobile phone repaired two days ago, but it needs repairing/to be repaired again now.‎ 我两天前修理了我的手机，但现在还需要再修理。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．“系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构。‎ ‎2．表示主语的某种属性特征的不及物动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut等，可用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎3．动词want, need, require, deserve后接不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式意义相同。‎ 常考点一：被动语态 ‎1．(2017·江苏高考)He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he________.‎ A．was being followed　　　　 B．was following C．had been followed D．followed 解析：选A　句意：他匆匆忙忙往家赶，也没有回头看他是否被跟踪。根据主句谓语hurried可知，该句是过去时。if引导的宾语从句中，he和follow之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。又因see和follow是两个同时发生的动作，不存在先后关系，所以C项不正确，故选A，be (was/were) being done表示过去进行时的被动语态。‎ ‎2．(2017·北京高考)In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones________ yet.‎ A．haven't invented B．haven't been invented C．hadn't invented D．hadn't been invented 解析：选D　句意：20世纪50年代的美国，大部分家庭中只有一部电话，无线电话还没有发明出来。句中的主语wireless phones与谓语动词invent之间是动宾关系，且表示在20世纪50年代之前的事情，应该使用过去完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎3．(2016·江苏高考)More efforts, as reported, ________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.‎ A．are made B．will be made C．are being made D．have been made 解析：选B　句意：正如报道的那样，在未来的几年里，更多的努力将要被付出，以加速供给结构的改革。根据后面的时间状语in the years ahead，可知应该用一般将来时，“努力”与“做出”之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。‎ ‎4．(2016·北京高考)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.‎ A．rewarded B．were rewarded C．will reward D．will be rewarded 解析：选D　句意：学生们一直在努力学习他们的功课，他们的付出终究会得到回报的。根据后面的时间状语in the end，可知应该用一般将来时，their efforts和reward之间为被动关系，故选D。‎ 常考点二：主动表被动 ‎5．(重庆高考)A Midsummer Night's Dream ________ at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.‎ A．opens B．is opened C．will open D．will be opened 解析：选A　表示按照计划、安排即将发生的动作，用一般现在时；open表示“开始公演”时，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态，故A项正确。‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．(2017·北京高考)People________ better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.‎ A．will have　　　　　　　　 B．have C．had D．had had 解析：选B　句意：人们现在比过去享有更好的医疗服务，因此寿命更长了。由句子结构和句意可知，此句叙述的是现在的事情，故用动词的一般现在时。‎ ‎2．Our TV sets sell well, but ten years ago no one could have imagined such a big share in the market that they ________.‎ A．were to have B．had had C．were having D．had 解析：选A　句意：我们的电视机很畅销，但是十年前没有人能想象得到它们将会有这么大的市场份额。根据时间状语ten years ago可知，此处动词have的动作发生在主句谓语动词imagine之后，表示过去的将来，即用过去将来时。故选A项。‎ ‎3．The cost of living in big cities ________ steadily for many years, and it has led some youths to dropping out of the big city race.‎ A．is climbing B．is being climbed C．has been climbing D．has been climbed 解析：选C　句意：大城市的生活成本多年来一直在稳步上升，这使得一些年轻人放弃了大城市的竞争。根据and it has led some youths to dropping out of the big city race可知花销稳步上升是从过去就发生，一直持续到现在并可能还会继续下去，故用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎4．As is expected, it will still be some years before all the metro lines in our city ________ into operation.‎ A．will be put B．are put C．will have been put D．have been put 解析：选B　句意：正如所预料的，我们城市所有的地铁线全都投入运行还有几年的时间。before引导的时间状语从句，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。‎ ‎5．—You didn't go to Europe, why?‎ ‎—I ________ this morning, but I ________ to Shanghai because of an emergency.‎ A．was to start; am going B．was scheduled to start; will go C．should have started; am going D．would like to start; will go 解析：选B　句意：“你没去欧洲，为什么啊？”“我计划今天上午出发，但因为一件紧急事情我要去上海。”根据第一个空格可知，此处表示按计划要发生的事情，所以可选A项、B项和C项；根据答语中的“because of an emergency”可知，“我要去上海”这个动作，并没有事先计划安排去做，而是表示纯粹的将来，所以不能用am going。故选B项。‎ ‎6．—Why are you so upset, Mary?‎ ‎—My boss ________ fault with me. He is not so kind as you think.‎ A．always finds B．is always finding C．has always found D．always found 解析：选B　句意：“玛丽，你为什么如此难过？”“我的老板总是挑我的毛病。他没有你想象的那么平易近人。”分析句子可知，这里表示不快，always与进行时连用，带有一定的感情色彩，如赞许、不快、厌恶等，故选B项。‎ ‎7．—Hi, Jenny, how are you getting on with your packing?‎ ‎—I ________ what to take with me.‎ A．will have decided B．would decide C．am deciding D．had decided 解析：选C　句意：“嗨，Jenny，你的包裹准备得怎么样了？”“我还在决定要带什么。”根据语境可知，此处表示正在发生的事情，所以应用现在进行时。‎ ‎8．—In the UK, some people equate life experience with the number of stamps in their passports.‎ ‎—That's why they all agree that they ________ the “travel bug”．‎ A．catch B．caught C．have caught D．are to catch 解析：选C　句意：“在英国，有些人把生活经验与护照中邮票的数量等同起来。”“这就是为什么他们都同意他们都迷上了旅游。”根据语境可知，此处用现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响。故选C项。‎ ‎9．A lake project, which will be a landmark construction of the city, ________ on land that only one year ago was mostly farmland.‎ A．is built B．was built C．has been built D．is being built 解析：选D　句意：一个(人造)湖工程正在土地上建造，它将是这个城市标志性的建筑。一年前这里大部分是农田。根据后面“that only one year ago was mostly farmland”可知这个湖正在建造中，用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D项。‎ ‎10．(2018·盐城市高三模拟) A former Chinese soldier, who ________ in India for half a century, flew home to China on February 11, 2017. ‎ A．trapped B．had trapped C．has been trapped D．had been trapped 解析：选D　句意：在被困印度半个世纪后，一位中国老兵在‎2017年2月11日回到了祖国。被困的动作发生在回国之前，所以应该用过去完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎11．(2018·南通市高三模拟) Quantities of soil ________ in the area, resulting in the increasing number of natural disasters. ‎ A．is washed away B．have washed away C．was washed away D．have been washed away 解析：选D　句意：该地区大量的土壤已被冲走，导致了越来越多的自然灾害。此处强调过去发生的事对现在产生的影响，故应用现在完成时，又因“土壤”与“冲走”之间为被动关系，故应选D。注意：a quantity of和quantities of后可接复数可数名词或不可数名词，所构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词一般与 quantity的单复数形式保持一致。‎ ‎12．(2018·苏、锡、常、镇模拟)—What do you think of his newlypublished book?‎ ‎—It's the best one he ________， but that's not saying much. ‎ A．wrote B．is writing C．has written D．will write ‎ 解析：选C　句意：“你认为他那本刚出版的书怎么样？”“那是他写得最好的一本书。不过，这也说明不了什么。”在“It is the best＋名词＋从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。‎ ‎13．(2018·扬州高三模拟)—Tom, you look worried. Anything I can do for you?‎ ‎—I ________ if you could give me a threeday leave to look after my baby in hospital.‎ A．had wondered B．was wondering C．would wonder D．have wondered 解析：选B　句意：“汤姆，你看起来很担心。有什么要帮忙的吗？”“我在想你能不能批我三天假让我照顾一下住院的孩子。”根据语意可知，“想”这个动作是在对方看他的时候正在发生，故用过去进行时。‎ Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The more you talk to the children, the less they will_listen (listen)．‎ ‎2．I will_have_finished (finish) my work by the time you come.‎ ‎3．In the past few centuries，the lighthouses along North Carolina's coast have_been_recognized (recognize) as signs of safety for travelers at sea.‎ ‎4．If more time is_given(give)to me，the problem will be worked out.‎ ‎5．To our great relief, Jack's illness proved not to be as serious as we had_feared (fear)．‎