【英语】2020届高考二轮复习英语语法填空特训学案：13

【英语】2020届高考二轮复习英语语法填空特训学案：13

专题八《七选五说明类》‎ ‎（90分钟 100分）‎ 考点01：冠词 3颗星 考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星 考点04: 名词 3颗星 ‎ 考点06：形容词和副词 5颗星 考点08：非谓语动词 5颗星 考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星 考点10：定语从句 3颗星 考点12 并列连词 4颗星 考点13 状语从句 3颗星 考点24：七选五说明文 5颗星 ‎ ‎ 一、七选五 ‎1.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎    What makes one person more intelligent than another? What makes one person a genius, like the brilliant Albert Einstein, and another person a fool? Are people born intelligent or stupid, or is intelligence the result of where and how you live? ①__________‎ ‎    We know, however, that just being born with a good mind is not enough. In some ways, the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle. ②__________ Mental exercise is particularly important for young children. Many child psychologists think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about. ③__________If, on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do, they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent.‎ ‎    ④__________ According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot, then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children, such as “That was a very clever thing you did.” or “ ⑤__________”‎ A.A healthy body contributes to one's intelligence.‎ B.Parents should also be careful about what they say to young children.‎ C.What people want to express is like this.‎ D.The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent.‎ E.It needs exercise.‎ F.You are such a smart child.‎ G.These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.‎ ‎2根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎    Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within amonth. ①        ‎ ‎    One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ②        We know that,while awake,fresh memories are recorded by reinforeing (加强) connections between brain cells,but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.‎ ‎    Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight,making room for fresh memories to from the next day. ③        ‎ ‎    Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. ④        The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.‎ ‎    If Tononi's theory is right,it would explain why,when we miss a night's,we find it harder the nextday to concentrate and learn new information-our brains may have smaller room for new experences.‎ ‎    Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapscs become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ⑤        "You keep what matters,”Tononi says.‎ A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.‎ B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.‎ C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.‎ D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.‎ E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.‎ F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.‎ G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.‎ ‎3.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入横线处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选。‎ ‎    As a child grows up,you may wonder how you can teach him to become a respectful adult. ①__________A child who learns to respect not only learns to receive respect from others,but also learn to respect himself.‎ ‎●Show him respect.‎ ‎    This is the best way to teach your child how to respect others.Listen to your child attentively and he will learn to listen to you,understanding how important this is in communication.‎ ‎●②__________‎ ‎    The more you say “please” and “thank you” to your child,the more likely he will learn to use them.Politeness then becomes a normal part of any conversation.‎ ‎●Agree to disagree.‎ ‎    ③__________Explain your decision so that he will understand you and expect respectful responses.Disagreeing with you doesn't necessarily mean disobedience (不顺从).‎ ‎●Control your impulse to overreact.(过分反应)‎ ‎    When a situation arises(出现),stay calm and keep in mind that you are supposed to be modeling correct behavior. ④__________‎ ‎●Praise,praise,praise ‎    So much is focused on what a child does wrong and how to correct it that his accomplishments (成绩) are not celebrated enough. ⑤__________‎ A.Teach manners by using polite requests and responses.‎ B.Try to remember that a child won't always agree with you.‎ C.Respect is necessary for a meaningful and successful life.‎ D.If he sees you lose your temper,he is more likely to respond that way in future.‎ E.A child may act as he pleases,and he will live a happy life.‎ F.Seeing a child exhibit respectful behavior,make sure he knows how proud you are of him.‎ G.Respectful behavior is always accompanied by bad behavior as a child.‎ ‎4根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎   Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning ,and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. ①        ‎ Here is how to make one.‎ ‎  ● ②        In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reason, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.‎ ‎   ●Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. ③        That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.‎ ‎  ●Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. ④        ‎ ‎  ●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. ⑤        If not, take another look at other methods you could try.‎ A. Get a sleep specialist.‎ B. Find the right motivation.‎ C. A better plan for sleep can help.‎ D. And consider setting a second alarm.‎ E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.‎ F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.‎ G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the café to get coffee.‎ 二、语法填空 ‎5     I was living a life in my screen and hardly noticed what ①        (be) around me. I was always checking the time and thinking of future②        (plan).My thought was:“Who’s going to text me now? What will I do next?” My bedtime routine was usually centered ③        one thing:my phone. ④        I went to sleep,I browsed through news websites and checked my emails. When I woke up in the middle of the night, I did the same thing. The problem with this was that I felt anxious every night.‎ ‎     So when my friends invited me ⑤        (go)for a long weekend camping without the cell service,I thought this was ⑥        (exact) what I needed. Here’s how ⑦        (keep)away from my phone for 48 hours changed me and my way of life.‎ ‎     Without my phone,I ⑧        (fall) asleep listening to the songs of frogs and crickets .In the morning,I woke up energy. Sitting by the river,riding a bike,or singing the old songs,I ⑨        (true) enjoyed what I was doing.‎ ‎     I felt free without my phone at weekend camp, ⑩        changed me completely. I listened to what my body wanted instead of what my phone was telling me to do.‎ ‎6     My grandfather is a ①        (retire) worker. On summer evenings, we often sat together outside the house ②        (enjoy) the cool air. It was the time that he told me lots of his experiences before liberation.‎ ‎     When my grandfather was fourteen years old, he worked in a coal mine. One day, when he and his two workmates were working in the tunnel, an ③         (fortune) thing suddenly happened. A part of the tunnel fell down, and they were shut in it. They had no food ④        (eat). When they were hungry, they only drank some water there. It was very cold in it. In order to keep warm, they hugged one another. In the darkness, they didn’t know whether it was day ⑤        night, they only felt they had stayed there for a very long time. They were too hungry to speak or move, and thought they ⑥        (die). At last, the tunnel ⑦        (dig) through. They were saved. They had been there for fourteen days! My grandfather said they weren’t let out at once. If ⑧        ,they would have died. They were kept at the entrance to the tunnel ⑨        it was very dim, and they were fed ⑩        some thin porridge. After a day or two, they had recovered a bit, and they were helped out.‎ ‎7.    Living in the city and living in the countryside have many advantages for children.While the city may offer better educational opportunities,I believe that it is ①__________(healthy)for children to live in the  countryside.‎ ‎    One of the worst ②__________(aspect)of living in the city is pollution.Many businesses and factories produce a lot of waste, ③__________contributes to the dirty air in the city.This isn’t healthy for anyone,especially for   children.Besides,children ④__________(live)in the city  often miss the chance to learn about nature.They can  learn about it from textbooks and museums,but they  don’t ⑤__________(true)get to experience it.In the  countryside,children can watch plants and animals  grow, ⑥__________ they can learn about the part ‎ which they  all play ⑦__________ bringing balance to the Earth.Lastly, living in the countryside is better for children because ⑧__________have a chance to play more freely and get better  exercise than in the city.There ⑨__________(be)full of  people,cars and buildings in the city while in the  countryside,children can play freely without ⑩__________(worry)about being hit by a car.‎ ‎    All in all,it is beneficial for children to live in the countryside.‎ ‎8.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    In 1850, an American lawyer, James N.Bethune, bought a slave to work in his home. The slave, a woman, had a small child ①__________(call) Tom, who was blind and autistic(孤僻的).‎ ‎    One day, Bethune ②__________(walk) around his garden when he heard music coming from the house. He went inside and found young Tom playing on the family piano. Bethune ③__________(immediate) realised that the boy, who was only four, had special abilities. He asked a band of ④__________(music) to come to the house and play in front of him. Tom reproduced perfectly the music he had heard. It was obvious that Tom had the ability to memorise and repeat pieces of music after ⑤__________(hear) them just once.‎ ‎    In 1857, “Blind Tom” took part ⑥__________his first public performance. The reviews were so good ⑦__________Bethune took him on a tour of the U.S. Three years later, Blind Tom ⑧__________(invite) to the White House, where he performed for the President. Over the next forty years, Tom performed ⑨__________(enjoy) shows all over the U.S., as well as visiting Canada, the U.K. and several South American countries. His concerts were ⑩__________mixture of classical music and his own compositions.‎ ‎    Blind Tom died in 1908.‎ ‎参考答案 ‎ ‎ 一、七选五 ‎1.答案：G; E; D; B; F 解析：①根据前面的几个问题可知G符合要求。‎ ‎②根据前面的the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle.肌肉需要锻炼.可知E正确。‎ ‎③根据前面的give them problems to think abou可知要提出问题让孩子回答,孩子才更有可能聪明。‎ ‎④根据本段内容可知父母要注意孩子所说内容 ‎⑤根据前面的That was a very clever thing you did.可知下面这一句应该是和它相似的一句表示鼓励的话。‎ 答案： C; E; F; G; B ‎3.答案：C; A; B; D; F 解析：文章是关于如何培养成一个受尊敬的人,文章从几个方面,讲述了如何培养。‎ ‎①C 该空位于句首,该空前面说的是“如何使自己成为一个受尊敬的人”该空后面说的是“尊敬的人不仅局限于受尊敬,也应该学会自重。”该段主要围绕尊敬这个话题来说的,所以选择C项。‎ ‎②A 该空所在段断尾有“Politeness then becomes a normal part of any conversation.”在将礼貌对于尊敬的影响,所以选择A项。‎ ‎③G 根据后文的Politeness then becomes a normal part of any conversation.说明是再说agreement与disagreement的问题,所以备选项当中G项比较符合。‎ ‎④D 根据该段的标题Control your desire to overreact...可以推断是再说如何控制自己的情绪,所以选项当中选择D。‎ ‎⑤F 根据该段的 Praise, praise, praise,在备选项当中F项比较符合语境。考点:考查信息匹配。‎ 答案： C; B; G; F; E 解析： 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何做计划建立好生物钟,保持早睡早起的好习惯。第一个空考查前后句的连贯。第一段最后一句说“以下是如何制作一个”,代词one指代“计划” 一词,因此本空选C。第二空考查小标题概括。空后谈到要改变,先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因;后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因,就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变;由此可以推断出这段总的在说找到正确的动机,因此本空选B。第三个空考查前后句的连贯。本段最后一句谈到如果买咖啡机自己弄咖啡, 早上可以多睡一会儿,因此前一句应该要与咖啡有关,本空选G。第四个空考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到周末起床、睡觉的时间应该和平常一致,不然周末多睡反而会增加接下来工作日的睡意。F项中的no matter the day指的就是周末也应该和工作日的作息一致。因此本空选F,第五个空考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到对自己所做的计划要记录、评价和调整。本空后的If not说明前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持,因此选E。‎ 二、语法填空 答案： was; plans; on; Before; to go; exactly; keeping; fell; truly; which 答案： retired; enjoying; unfortunate; to eat; or ; would die; was dug; so; where; on ‎7.答案：healthier; aspects; which; living; truly; and; in; they; are; worrying ‎8.答案：called; was walking; immediately; musicians; hearing; in; that; was invited; enjoyable; a ‎1.called 解析:考查过去分词作定语的用法。call与child之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,且call表示的动作已完成,故填called。‎ ‎2.was walking 解析:考查过去进行时。be doing... when...意为“正在做……这时……”。‎ ‎3.immediately 解析:考查副词。设空处修饰realised,故填副词immediately。‎ ‎4.musicians 解析:考查名词。设空处作动词come和play的逻辑主语,且由a band of可知,此处应填musicians。‎ ‎5.hearing 解析:考查动词­ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词after的宾语,又因Tom与hear之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故填hearing。‎ ‎6.in 解析:考查介词。take part in意为“参加”。‎ ‎7.that 解析:考查连接词。so... that意为“如此……以致于”。‎ ‎8.was invited 解析:考查一般过去时的被动语态。Blind Tom与invite之间是被动关系,且结合文章时态以及时间状语Three years later可知,设空处表示的动作发生在过去,故填was invited。‎ ‎9.enjoyable 解析:考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰shows,故填enjoyable。‎ ‎10.a 解析:考查不定冠词。mixture在此意为“混合”,表泛指,是抽象名词,故填a。a mixture of意为“……的混合”。‎