【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十二（17页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十二（17页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十二 ‎[一]‎ Plants can't communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower' s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.‎ Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants.A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away - or even chemicals that attract the bugs' natural enemies.‎ Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The "enose" can tell compounds that crop plants make when they're attacked.Scientists say the enose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses ，enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.‎ The research team worked with an enose that recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the enose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.‎ To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch (打孔器)．‎ The enose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber，pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage - by insects or with a hole punch - had been done to the tomato leaves.‎ With some finetuning，a device like the enose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device ‎ like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.‎ ‎[语篇解读]植物会说话吗？植物如何"交流"？本文中的科学家们正在尝试用enose来测试植物受到伤害时的反应。‎ ‎5．We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by________.‎ A. making some sounds B. waving their leaves C. producing some chemicals D. sending out electronic signals ‎[解析]事实细节题。从文章第一段中的"Instead，plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that..."可知，植物通过它本身所产生的一种化学物质来进行交流，所以答案选C。[答案]C ‎6．What did the scientists do to find out if the enose worked?‎ A. They presented it with all common crops.‎ B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device.‎ C. They collected different damaged leaves.‎ D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.‎ ‎[解析]逻辑推理题。从文章第五段可知，为了证实enose的效果，科学家用受到伤害的叶子与健康的叶子来测试。所以选D。[答案]D ‎7．According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the enose is that it can________.‎ A. pick out ripe fruits B. spot the insects quickly C. distinguish different damages to the leaves D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves ‎[解析]事实细节题。从倒数第二段中的"But even more impressive，the device could tell which type of damage..."可知，最令人惊奇的是enose能够分辨叶子受到的不同的"伤害"。[答案]C ‎8．We can infer from the last paragraph that the enose________.‎ A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers B. is not yet used in greenhouses C. is designed by scientists at Purdue D. is helpful in killing harmful insects ‎[解析]逻辑推理题。从文章最后一段中的"could one day be used in greenhouses to..."推断可知，enose还没有运用到greenhouses中，由此推断B是答案。[答案]B ‎[二]‎ The year 2009 is the Year of Ox. The ox is a representative of the farming culture of China. In the farming economy (经济), oxen are the major animals pulling plows (犁)．‎ Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as "boats on land" for their ability to carry loads. Besides, the whole body of an ox is full of treasures. Their meat and milk are food full of nutrition, and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes. With all these qualities, oxen are regarded as generous creatures.‎ In the past, oxen played an important role in the spiritual life of the Chinese. Even today, oxen still play a special part in some folk activities. For example, some people who live in southwest China will cook cattle bone soup and share it among family members when holding the ceremony for children who reach 13. They believe that the cattle bone soup represents the blood relationship among family members. In order to express their love for oxen, people in some other areas will run to shake off diseases on the 16th day of the first month by the lunar calendar (农历), and during their run they will take their oxen along，which indicates they regard the creature as human.‎ Because of the contribution of oxen in their lives, the Chinese people are very grateful to the animal. In addition, the use of oxen in ceremonies and the thanks people owe to oxen help to develop various traditional customs, which becomes an important part of the folk culture of the Chinese nation.‎ ‎[语篇解读]牛年说牛，文章介绍了有关牛的一些民间文化。‎ ‎1．The words "boats on land" underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to________.‎ A. animals for taking goods B. creatures for pulling plows C. treasures of the folk culture D. tools in the farming economy ‎[解析]猜测词义题。由第二段中的"they are seen as...ability to carry loads"内容可以得出答案，介词for是对前面作解释说明：为什么牛被看成陆地之舟。[答案]A ‎2．From the third paragraph, we know that________.‎ A. oxen are no more important today than in the past B. ceremonies are held when people cook cattle bone soup C. oxen are treated as human in some areas of China D. people run with oxen to shake off diseases every month ‎[解析]理解判断题。由文章第三段的首句以及最后一句内容可得出答案。[答案]C ‎3．Which of the following helps to develop traditional customs?‎ A. The special role of oxen in farming.‎ B. People' s respect and love for oxen.‎ C. The practical value of an ox's body.‎ D. The contribution of oxen to the economy.‎ ‎[解析]细节判断题。由文章最后一段最后一句话可得出答案。[答案]B ‎4．Why does the author write the text?‎ A. To stress the importance of oxen in farming.‎ B. To introduce the Chinese folk culture.‎ C. To describe how to celebrate the Year of Ox.‎ D. To explain how to develop agriculture with oxen.‎ ‎[解析]写作意图题。由文章内容可知，作者是为了介绍有关牛的一些民间文化。[答案]B ‎[三]‎ Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields.‎ Components of Soil Soil is made up of a number of layers (层) , each having its own distinctive colour and texture. The upper layer is known as the litter. It acts like a blanket，limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus (腐殖质), which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in nutrients, oxygen, and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil, a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. ‎ This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.‎ Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind, frost, and snow. It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants begin to grow，and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada ，for example ，was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago.‎ Water Beneath the Soil Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes ，ponds, and rivers. Once in the soil or rock, it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.‎ As water percolates downward, it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers.This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.‎ Soil pH Soil can be acidic, neutral, or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed，and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.‎ The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil fuels such as coal ，oil and gasoline，humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. When fossil fuels are burned，gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed，soil is less fertile. Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil，and also become easily attacked by diseases.‎ ‎[语篇解读]本文是一篇科普文，介绍了土壤的构成与土壤的pH对于植物生长的影响。‎ ‎5．The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called________.‎ A. litter B. topsoil C. humus D. subsoil ‎[解析]考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中的"The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant...which is black and ‎ gives the topsoil its dark colour.This layer is usually rich in nutrients"可知给植物提供必要营养的土层是topsoil layer。[答案]B ‎6．According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?‎ A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.‎ B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.‎ C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.‎ D. Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.‎ ‎[解析]考查细节判断。根据文章第二段中的"Below the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus"可知，并不是土层深，它的颜色就深。[答案]B ‎7．We can infer from the passage that the water table lies________.‎ A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer B. in the subsoil layer above bedrock C. between the subsoil layer and bedrock D. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil ‎[解析]考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的"Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate"可知water table是位于bedrock之上的一个土层，它是独立存在的不属于其他层，因此选项C正确。[答案]C ‎8．The underlined word "dissolve" is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are________.‎ A. rushed away into the river B. cleaned and purified by water C. destroyed and carried away by water D. mixed with water and become part of it ‎[解析]考查词义猜测。根据本句中的"...and carries them to deeper layers"可知营养物质是在被水溶解之后才被带到更深的土层中去的。[答案]D ‎[四]‎ An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to (归因于) the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works.‎ Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at Alevel were also up.‎ Professor John Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecturer at St Andrews University, said his first year lectures - which are open to students from all departments - were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250.‎ ‎"There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hash' t traditionally done，" he added.‎ University applications rose 7% last year, but there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people's renewed interest in careers in the public sector(部门), which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.‎ A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain.‎ Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: "It's possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that' s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty. "‎ ‎[语篇解读]本文主要讲述了金融危机下学生们开始更多地选择与经济有关的专业这一现象。‎ ‎5．Professor John Beath' s lectures are________.‎ A. given in a traditional way B. connected with the present situation C. open to both students and their parents D. warmly received by economists ‎[解析]事实细节题。从第四段第二句话可知他把教学与当前的一些重大事件紧密相连，即贴近现实生活，故B(与当前的形势相联系)为正确答案。[答案]B ‎6．Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their________.‎ A. greater stability B. higher pay C. fewer applications D. better reputation ‎[解析]事实细节题。从第五段最后可知在当前金融危机下这些公共部门的工作以其安全性和稳定性吸引了求职者，故A(极大的稳定性)为正确答案。[答案]A ‎7．In the opinion of most parents，________.‎ A. economics should be the focus of school teaching B. more students should be admitted to universities C. the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened D. children should solve financial problems themselves ‎[解析]事实细节题。由倒数第二段的内容可知应该"加强关于经济问题方面的教学"，答案为C。[答案]C ‎8．According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters ________.‎ A. wiser in money management B. have access to better equipment C. confident about their future careers D. get jobs in Child Trust Funds ‎[解析]推理判断题。Hocking认为经济下滑带来的一个好处就是让年轻人学会了更明智地处理金钱方面的问题，在经济不稳定时期更好地理财。所以答案为A。[答案]A ‎9．What' s the main idea of the text?‎ A. Universities have received more applications.‎ B. Economics is attracting an increasing number of students.‎ C. College students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty.‎ D. Parents are concerned with children' s subject selecttion.‎ ‎[解析]主旨大意题。第一段提到全球性的金融危机使公众想更多地了解有关经济体系方面的一些问题，所以更多的学生申请经济学专业，本文正是对此展开的论述，故答案为B。[答案]B ‎[五]‎ A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.‎ Grimsvotn is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier(冰川) of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer (层) of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable. As the water flows ont from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava(岩浆) from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what happened today.‎ Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of Europe' s biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane' s engines, causing damage to the plane.‎ The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp, glasslike rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash covered grass or the sharp objects?‎ ‎[语篇解读]本文向我们介绍了一座叫做Crimsvotn的火山。这座火山与其他火山最大的不同在于：它位于厚达12米的冰川下面。‎ ‎1．What makes Grimsvotn different from other volcanoes?‎ A. It is below ice. B. It lies under the sea.‎ C. It is the largest volcano. D. Its lava affects the airlines.‎ ‎[解析]由第二段第二句话可知。[答案]A ‎2．What keeps Grimsvotn still?‎ A. The slow flow of water. B. The low water temperature.‎ C. The thick glacier. D. The water pressure.‎ ‎[解析]根据第二段第四句话可知。[答案]D ‎3．Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption?‎ A. People stop traveling in Europe.‎ B. Airlines suffer from the loss of planes.‎ C. It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside.‎ D. Farmers have lost many of their animals.‎ ‎[解析]根据最后一段内容可得出答案。[答案]C ‎4．This text is most probably taken from________.‎ A. a research paper B. a newspaper report C. a class presentation D. a geography textbook ‎[解析]根据文章内容可知，这应该是一篇新闻报道。[答案]B ‎[六]‎ Tens of thousands of theatre tickets will be given away to young people next year as part of a government campaign to inspire a lifelong love for theatre.‎ The plan to offer free seats to people aged between 18 to 26 - funded with ￡ 2.5 million of taxpayers' money - was announced yesterday by Andy Burnham, the Culture Secretary.It received a cautious welcome from some ‎ in the arts world，who expressed concern that the tickets may not reach the most underprivileged.‎ The plan comes as West End theatres are enjoying record audiences, thanks largely to musicals teaming up with television talent shows. Attendances reached 13.6 million in 2007，up 10 percent on 2006, itself a record year. Total sales were up 18 percent on 2006 to almost ￡ 470 million.‎ One theatre source criticised the Government' s priorities(优先考虑的事) in funding free tickets when pensioners were struggling to buy food and fuel, saying: "I don' t know why the Government' s wasting money on this. The Young Vic, as The Times reported today，offers excellent performances at cheap prices."‎ There was praise for the Government' s plan from Dominic Cooke of the Royal Court Theatre, who said: "I support any move to get young people into theatre, and especially one that aims to do it all over England, not just in London."‎ Ninetyfive publicly funded theatres could apply for funding under the twoyear plan. In return, they will offer free tickets on at least one day each week to 18 to 26yearolds，firstcome, firstserved. It is likely to be on Mondays, traditionally a quiet night for the theatre.‎ Mr. Burnham said: "A young person attending the theatre can find it an exciting experience, and be inspired to explore a new world. But sometimes people miss out on it because they fear it' s'not for them'. It' s time to change this perception."‎ Jeremy Hunt, the Shadow Culture Secretary, said: "The real issue is not getting enthusiastic children into the theatre，but improving arts education so that more young people want to go in the first place. For too many children theatres are a nogo area."‎ ‎[语篇解读]为了激发年轻一代对戏剧的喜爱，政府开展了一项运动：将于明年送出成千上万张戏票。这一计划在社会各界引起了不同的反应。‎ ‎5．Critics of the plan argued that________.‎ A. the theatres would be overcrowded B. it would be a waste of money C. pensioners wouldn' t get free tickets D. the government wouldn' t be able to afford it ‎[解析]细节理解题。由文中第四段开头的criticised和"I don't know why the Government's wasting money on this."一句可知，批评者认为这一计划是在浪费金钱，故选B。[答案]B ‎6．According to the supporters, the plan should________.‎ A. benefit the television industry B. focus on producing better plays C. help increase the sales of tickets D. involve all the young people in England ‎[解析]细节理解题。由文中第五段最后一句话可知，支持该计划的人支持让年轻人到剧院去的任何运动、措施或手段，尤其是那种能够让全英国人而不是仅伦敦人能参与的措施。故选D。[答案]D ‎7．Which of the following is TRUE about the plan?‎ A. Ninety five theatres have received funding.‎ B. Everyone will get at least one free ticket.‎ C. It may not benefit all the young people.‎ D. Free tickets are offered once every day.‎ ‎[解析]细节判断题。A项错，95%的剧院只是可以申请该基金，而非获得；B项错在everyone，过于绝对；D项错是因为免费票只是每周发放一次，而非每天都有。[答案]C ‎8．We can infer from the passage that in England________.‎ A. many plays are not for young people B. many young people don' t like theatre C. people know little about the plan D. children used to receive good arts education ‎[解析]推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知真正的问题不是让孩子们进入到剧院里，而是要提高他们的艺术教育水平，让更多的年轻人愿意进入剧院，由此可见许多年轻人是不喜欢戏剧的。[答案]B ‎9．According to the passage, the issue to offer free tickets to young people seems ________.‎ A. controversial B. inspiring C. exciting D. unreasonable ‎[解析]推理判断题。由第二、四、五三段可知该计划得到了艺术界一些人士的谨慎的欢迎，另一些人则持批评态度，还有一些人则赞扬该计划。由此可见这项计划是有争议的(controversial)。[答案]A ‎[七]‎ Foreign drivers will have to pay on the spot fines of up to ￡900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried out next month.‎ If they do not have enough cash or a working credit crad, their vehicles will be clamped (扣留)until they pay-and they will face an additional fee of ￡ 80 for getting back their vehicles.‎ The law will also apply to British citizens. The fines will be described officially as "deposits" when the traffic law takes effect, because the money would be returned if the driver went to court and was found not guilty. In practice, very few foreign drivers are likely to return to Britain to deal with their cases.‎ Foreign drivers are rarely charged because police cannot take action against them if they fail to appear in court. Instead, officers often merely give warnings.‎ Three million for registered vehicles enter Britain each year. Polish vehicles make up 36 percent, French vehicles 10 percent and German vehicles 9 percent.‎ Foreign vehicles are 30 percent more likely to be in a crash than British registered vehicles. The number of crashes caused by foreign vehicles rose by 47 percent between 2003 and 2008. There were almost 400 deaths and serious injuries and 3,000 slight injuries from accidents caused by foreign vehicles in 2008.‎ The new law is partly intended to settle the problem of foreign lorry drivers ignoring limits on weight and hours at the wheel. Foreign lorries are three times more likely to be in a crash than British lorries. Recent spot checks found that three quarters of lorries that failed safety tests were registered overseas.‎ The standard deposit for a careless driving offence - such as driving too close to the vehicle in front or reading a map at the wheel - will be ￡ 300. Deposits for speeding offences and using mobile phones will be ￡ 60. Foreign drivers will not get points as punishment added to their licenses, while British drivers will.‎ ‎[语篇解读]这是一篇新闻报道：英国为了解决国外车辆导致的交通事故高发的问题，从下月起要实施一项措施：对违反交通规则的外国司机处以高达900英镑的现场罚款，如果当场不交，还要额外收取80英镑的(车辆)保管费。‎ ‎1．The first paragraph serves as a(n)________．‎ A. explanation B. introductionC. comment D. background ‎[解析]推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段起的作用是引出这段新闻的具体内容，所以这段是引子，所以选B。[答案]B ‎2．The foreign drivers who break the traffic law and do not pay on the spot are likely to be fined up to________.‎ A. ￡ 60 B. ￡ 300 C. ￡ 900 D．￡ 980‎ ‎[解析]数字计算题。依据文章第一段可知，这种罚款可高达900英镑，再依据第二段：如果司机不能够立刻缴纳罚款，还要额外缴纳80英镑的(车辆)保管费用，共计980英镑。[答案]D ‎3．We can learn from the passage that________.‎ A. many foreign drivers have been fined by British police B. 300,000 German vehicles enter Britain every year C. 25 percent of foreign vehicles entering Britain have failed safety tests D. British drivers will be punished with points and fines for breaking the traffic law ‎[解析]推理判断题。依据文章最后一段可知，英国本国的司机除了要缴纳罚款之外，还要扣驾照的点数，而国外的车辆只罚款，由此得出D项正确。[答案]D ‎4．The new traffic law is mainly intended to________.‎ A. limit the number of foreign vehicles entering Britain B. increase the British government's additional income C. lower the rate of traffic accidents and injuries D. get foreign drivers to appear in court ‎[解析]推理判断题。依据文章倒数第二段第一句话"The new law is partly intended to settle the problem of foreign lorry drivers ignoring limits on weight and hours at the wheel"及文章第五、六两段，可知选C。[答案]C ‎[八]‎ Sometimes，the simplest ideas are the best. For example，to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat，black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt (柏油) roads?‎ Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.‎ The heat collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground.‎ When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer (蓄水层) into which several heat exchangers (交换器) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the groundwater, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.‎ In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.‎ ‎[语篇解读]文章介绍了怎样依靠外面的柏油马路表面在冬天给楼房供暖，在夏天给楼房降温。‎ ‎4．Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs ?‎ A. Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss.‎ B. Large, flat, black surfaces need to be built in cities.‎ C. The Dutch engineer' s system has been widely used.‎ D. Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads.‎ ‎[解析]细节判断题。由文章第二段最后一句话可以得出答案。[答案]D ‎5．For what purpose are the diving pipes used?‎ A. To absorb heat from the sun.‎ B. To store heat for future use.‎ C. To turn solar energy into heat energy.‎ D. To carry heat down below the surface.‎ ‎[解析]细节判断题。由文章第四段第一句话的内容可以得出答案。[答案]D ‎6．From the last paragraph we can learn that________.‎ A. some pipes have to be rearranged in winter B. the system can do more than warming up the building C. the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface D. less heat may be collected in winter than in summer ‎[解析]推测判断题。由文章最后一段最后一句的内容可知，这一系统不仅能给楼房供暖，还可以使马路上的冰雪消融。[答案]B ‎7．What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?‎ A. What we shall do if the system goes wrong.‎ B. What we shall do if there are no asphalt roads.‎ C. How the system cools the building in summer.‎ D. How the system collects heat in spring and autumn.‎ ‎[解析]文章结构题。前面谈到这一系统的工作原理以及冬天怎么给楼房供暖，下文应该讲的是夏天怎么给楼房降温。[答案]C ‎[九]‎ It's not easy being a teenager(13至19岁青少年)-nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you'll still be there for him when he needs you.‎ Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don' t insist he tell you what' s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he' ll clam up. Instead, let him attempt to solve (解决) things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you're always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager' s privacy (隐私). Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations.‎ Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family ' s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation (节制). Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a parttime job.‎ ‎[语篇解读]本文向父母们介绍了一些教育青少年的可行的做法。‎ ‎1．The main purpose of the text is to tell parents ________.‎ A. how to get along with a teenager B. how to respect a teenager C. how to understand a teenager D. how to help a teenager grow up ‎[解析]写作意图题。全文都是作者向父母提出的一些建议：第一段说要给孩子一定的空间；第二段说对孩子要有期望但是不能期望一切，要让孩子自己去解决问题，教孩子在遇到问题时，向父母求助；第三段说要教育孩子和家人分享电话。由此可见，文章的写作目的是给家长提建议，如何教育青少年子女。[答案]D ‎2．What does the phrase "clam up" in Paragraph 2 probably mean ?‎ A. become excited B. show respect C. refuse to talk D. seek help ‎[解析]猜测词义题。由第二段内容可知，如果孩子不愿意讨论一些事情，不要去勉强他。你越是催促他，他就越不愿意说。短语"clam up(拒不开口)"与"refuse to talk"同义。[答案]C ‎3．What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text?‎ A. Not allow him to learn driving or take drugs.‎ B. Give him advice only when necessary.‎ C. Let him have his own telephone.‎ D. Not talk about personal things with him.‎ ‎[解析]推理判断题。第二段中的"At the same time，remind him that you're always there for him should he seek advice or help"一句表明B项的陈述符合文章的内容。[答案]B ‎[十]‎ GUATEMALA CITY(Reuters)-A fish that lives in mangrove swamps(红树沼泽) across the Americas can live out of water for months at a time, similar to how animals adapted (适应)to land millions of years ago, a new study shows.‎ The Mangrove Rivulus, a type of small killifish, lives in small pools of water in a certain type of empty nut or even old beer cans in the mangrove swamps of Belize, the United States and Brazil. When their living place dries up, they live on the land in logs (圆木), said Scott Taylor，a researcher at the Brevard Endangered Lands Program in Florida.‎ The fish ，whose scientific name is Rivulus marmoratus, can grow as large as three inches. They group together in logs and breathe air through their skin until they can find water again.‎ The new scientific discovery came after a trip to Belize.‎ ‎"We kicked over a log and the fish just came crowding out，"Taylor told Reuters in neighboring Guatemala by telephone. He said he will make his ‎ study on the fish known to the public in an American magazine early next year.‎ In lab tests, Taylor said he found the fish can live up to 66 days out of water without eating.‎ Some other fish can live out of water for a short period of time.The walking catfish found in Southeast Asia can stay on land for hours at a time, while lungfish found in Australia, Africa and South America can live ont of water，but only in an inactive state. But no other known fish can be out of water as long as the Mangrove Rivulus and remain active, according to Patricia Wright, a biologist at Canada's University of Guelph.‎ Further studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time.‎ ‎"These animals live in conditions similar to those that existed millions of years ago ，when animals began making the transition (过渡) from water onto land, "Wright said.‎ ‎[语篇解读]最新发现：有一种鱼，即使离开水也能存活。‎ ‎1．The Mangrove Rivulus is a type of fish that ________.‎ A. likes eating nuts B. prefers living in dry places C. is the longest living fish on earth D. can stay alive for two months out of water ‎[解析]事实细节题。依据在第六段，Taylor说这种鱼离水后能活66天，也就是两个多月。[答案]D ‎2．Who will write up a report on mangrove Rivulus?‎ A. Patricia Wright.‎ B. Researchers in Guatemala.‎ C. Scientists from Belize.‎ D. Scott Taylor.‎ ‎[解析]推理判断题。第五段最后一句话告诉我们：明年Scott Taylor将要把对于这种鱼的研究在一份美国杂志上公布于众。[答案]D ‎3．According to the text, lungfish can ________.‎ A. breathe through its skin B. move freely on dry land C. remain alive out of water D. be as active on land as in water ‎[解析]事实细节题。第七段第二句话告诉我们：lungfish离开水也可以存活。[答案]C ‎4．What can we say about the discovery of Mangrove Rivulus?‎ A. It was made quite by accident.‎ B. It was based on a lab test of sea life.‎ C. It was supported by an American magazine.‎ D. It was helped by Patricia Wright.‎ ‎[解析]推理判断题。第五段Taylor的话告诉我们：发现这种鱼是偶然的。[答案]A