【英语】2020届高考英语七选五考前冲刺练习---历史文化类

【英语】2020届高考英语七选五考前冲刺练习---历史文化类

‎1、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ The “Chong Yang Festival” is celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, which is also known as the Double Ninth Festival. ___1___‎ Climbing Mountains People like to climb mountains on this festival, so Double Ninth Festival is also called “Mountain-climbing Festival”.‎ The 9th lunar month, with clear autumn sky and bracing air, is a good time for sightseeing. ___2___. It is really refreshing to climb mountains and enjoy the beauty of nature at this bright and clear time in autumn.‎ Climbing mounting also indicates “climbing to a higher position”. Another reason why climbing mountains are valued by people, especially by the elderly is that it has a meaning of “climbing to ligneous life”. Climbing mountains on Double Ninth Festival was already popular in the Tang Dynasty.___3___‎ Drinking Chrysanthemum Flower(菊花) Wine The chrysanthemum flower wine is unique in brewing. In ancient times, people usually picked fresh chrysanthemum flowers and leaves on the 9th of the 9th lunar month, and brewed the mixture of them and grains into the wine. ___4___. The wine is said to have wholesome effects on sharpness of the eye, drop of high blood pressure, reduction of weight and removal of stomach trouble, thus contributing to longevity.‎ ‎___5___‎ The Double Ninth cake is also known as “flower cake”. It dates back to the Zhou Dynasty. It is said that the cake was originally prepared after autumn harvests for farmers to have a taste of what was just in season, and it gradually grew into the present cake for people to eat on the Double Ninth Day.‎ A. Eating Double Ninth Cake B. Making “flower cake” with friends C. A lot of poems were devoted to this custom D. So people love to go sightseeing this month E. It would not be drunk until the same day next year F. Here are some traditional customs of the Double Ninth Festival G. But few Chinese people are aware of the importance of the festival ‎2、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ The night the Titanic sank From a high place on the ship, Fred Fleet, who worked on the Titanic, saw the iceberg just a few hundred meters away. He rang the bell to warn the people driving the ship.____1_____Soon after that, one passenger, Major Peuchen, noticed that the ship wasn't straight in the water. But nobody listened to him ‎______2_____Another ship－the Californian was about 30 kilometers north of the Titanic. When the Californian saw the iceberg, it stopped. It also sent a radio message to warn other ships in the area. At about 11: 15, the Californian 's radio operator turned off the radio, and went to bed. The Titanic sent a message back giving its position -wrongly!______3_____‎ Soon after midnight, the crew(船员) of the Californian saw rockets going up into the sky from the Titanic. Their captain said, “Fireworks!______4_____” The radio wasn’t turned on again, and the Californian didn’t move. At 12: 25 am on the Titanic, people began to get into the lifeboats At 2: 20 am on April I5th the Titanic finally sank. Another ship, the Carpathia, heard the Titanic’s last call for help._____5______At 4: 10 am, the Carpathia saw the Titanic s lifeboats floating on the dark water, and rescued the survivors. Later, the Californian turned the radio back on, and heard that the Titanic had sunk.‎ A. The accident happened at about 11: 40.‎ B. Everyone was very proud of the Titanic C. The passengers of the Titanic are having a party.‎ D. It was 58 miles away, but it raced to help the ship.‎ E. But it was travelling too fast to stop, and it hit the iceberg.‎ F. Before the accident, the Titanic had received an ice warning.‎ G. A lot of people stayed on the ship instead of trying to escape.‎ ‎3、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Earth is home to around 7,000 languages, around half of which are expected to disappear by2100.‎ Languages disappear for many reasons. Sometimes younger generations stop leaming a language because parents want children to fit in. ①__________ Native American children of the late-19th century were required to attend boarding schools where educators forbade them from speaking their native languages.‎ The United Nations ranks endangered languages according to their risk level. For example, a "critically endangered"  language is one that even grandparents don ' t speak often. New York ' s Onondaga language is an example with only 50 speakers left. An " extinct"  language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska ' s Eyak language is one example. ②__________‎ ‎③__________ In the same way, different languages contnbute to cultural diversity. Saving these languages benefits our understanding of other cultures. Languages can show how a society looks at the world  and  what  it  values. A  language  may  describe  something  in  a way  that  is  funny , too.  In  Welsh , it rains not cats  and dogs , but old wives and walking sticks.‎ The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing. ④__________‎ However,its efforts are limited. If an endangered language is going to make a real comeback, it ' ll probably get its start in schools. For nearly 100 years, public schools in Hawaii did not teach the Hawaiian language. Now students can keep learning in Hawaiian from elementary schools to college and beyond.‎ ‎⑤__________ At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel,with more than 4 million speakers.‎ A. The last person who spoke it died in 2008.‎ B. Why should we save endangered languages?‎ C. Various animals and plants benefit our environment.‎ D. With just 5 speakers left,it is absolutely endangered.‎ E. Can a language with zero native speakers come back to life?‎ F. Sometimes societies force minorities to give up their language.‎ G. The nonprofit group finds native speakers and records their stories.‎ ‎4、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Whenever we talk about holidays, my mother teases my sister and me about how we make out like robbers. She is referring to the fact that we are half Jewish and half Indian, so we receive gifts on both the festivals of lights: Hanukkah and Diwali. ①________‎ Hanukkah is celebrated on the 25th day of the Jewish month, which is usually sometime in December. On Hanukkah, like most Jewish families, we light a menorah and say a prayer each night. ②________ After that, it is a tradition for my sister and me to do ‘hot and cold ’, for our hidden Hanukkah gifts. When we walk towards the gift, our parents say ‘ hot ’ and when we walk further away，they say ‘ cold’. ③________ Another part I like about this holiday is seeing family members who we do not see often. My aunt usually stays for a few days, and we sometimes visit other relatives.‎ ‎④________ To celebrate Diwali, my family does a pooja, or prayers，in honor of the goddess Lakshmi. Since she is the goddess of wealth and prosperity, the pooja includes washing silver coins in milk and water. In India, people decorate their houses with lamps, similar to the way you might light up your house for Christmas. My family just places a few candles outside. We also set off firecrackers, which is my favorite part. We often do this activity with friends to add to the excitement.‎ ‎⑤________ We celebrate them in different ways, yet they both have the same meaning. They both translate into Festival of Lights, and they both mean family and ‎ presents for me!‎ A. We also say a special prayer on the first night.‎ B. Both holidays have different histories and stories.‎ C. We each receive one present every night of Hanukkah.‎ D. The lively atmosphere fills every household and street.‎ E. Though my mother teases us, I do not mind getting two sets of gifts!‎ F. People also enjoy all sorts of entertainment, including watching performances of foreign art forms.‎ G. Diwali is celebrated on the 13th day of the dark fortnight of the month of Ashwin ( October/ November).‎ ‎5、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Black Friday in the United States Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving Day in the USA, falling on the Friday after the fourth Thursday in November.‎ ‎①__________ .‎ Many people have a day off work or choose to take a day from their annual leave on Black Friday. Some people use this to make trips to see family members or friends who live in other areas or to go on vacation. Shopping for Christmas presents is popular on Black Friday. Many stores have special offers and lower their prices on some goods, such as toys.‎ Public life ‎②__________ .Many people take a day off on the day after Thanksgiving Day. Many organizations also close for the Thanksgiving weekend.‎ Public transit systems may run on their normal schedule or may have changes. Some stores extend their opening hours on Black Friday ③__________ .‎ Background Black Friday, the day after Thanksgiving Day, is one of the busiest shopping days in the USA ④__________ One theory is that the wheels of vehicles in heavy ‎ traffic on the day after Thanksgiving Day left many black marking on the road surface, leading to the term “Black Friday”.‎ The other theory is that the term “Black Friday” comes from an old way of recording business accounts ⑤__________ Many businesses, particularly small businesses, started making profits before Christmas. Many hoped to start showing a profit, marked in black ink, on the day after Thanksgiving Day.‎ More recently, Black Friday has been exported to nations outside of North America such as the United Kingdom by major online retailers like Amazon or Apple. In 2011, IBM reported online Black Friday sales were up by 24.3%, according to a study that includes 500 retailers.‎ A. People’s activities.‎ B. History of Black Friday.‎ C. Losses were recorded in red ink and profits in black ink.‎ D. A busy shopping day is a holiday in some states.‎ E. There can also be jams on roads to popular shopping destinations.‎ F. There are two popular theories as to why it is called Black Friday.‎ G. Black Friday is not a federal holiday but a public one in some states.‎ ‎6、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎    History is a record of what has happened in the past. ①__________. The really fascinating thing is that much of history has been repeated time and again. It allows us to learn from the past, both the mistakes and the successes.‎ ‎    One of the benefits of history is reading how other people have overcome tremendous challenges in their life. These challenges, although particular to a person, or to a certain time in the past, or occurring in a different country or culture, all convey the same thing.②__________.‎ ‎    ③__________. He encountered many failures while on the road to finally inventing the light bulb. He could be held out as an example of a person who never ‎ gave up. ④__________. However, he did not let those failures stop him. He had a dream and he just kept trying different things until he did reach success.‎ ‎    Or, consider the story of Abraham Lincoln who managed to become President of the United States even though he suffered many setbacks and personal losses. Most of us only realize his success. ⑤__________. His life was not easy. His story motivates us to keep moving forward no matter what obstacles we have in life.‎ A. History has a lot of influences on us.‎ B. Take the story of Thomas Edison for example.‎ C. History has some very unique qualities.‎ D. I am sure he was discouraged by his many failures.‎ E. They convey wisdom in their short stories of perseverance.‎ F. Few of us know about the many challenges he had to overcome.‎ G. Only those with courage to face challenges can realize their dreams.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1、答案及解析：‎ 答案：FDCEA 解析：‎ ‎【1题详解】F文章介绍了重阳节的一些习俗,F项符合文意,故填F。‎ ‎【2题详解】D根据前边The 9th lunar month, with clear autumn sky and bracing air, is a good time for sightseeing农历九月初,秋高气爽,空气清新,是观光的好时节。抓住关键词sightseeing,后边也涉及了sightseeing,所以人们喜欢这个月去观光,故填D。‎ ‎【3题详解C根据前边Climbing mountains on Double Ninth Festival was already popular in the Tang Dynasty重阳节登山在唐代就已经流行了。可知后边要说到流行的证据也就是很多诗都是关于这一习俗的,故填C。‎ ‎【4题详解】E根据前边In ancient times, people usually picked fresh chrysanthemum flowers and leaves on the 9th of the 9th lunar month, and brewed the mixture of them ‎ and grains into the wine. 在古代,人们通常在9月9日采摘新鲜的菊花和叶子,然后把它们和谷物混合到酒里。介绍了菊花酒的酿造,要到来年的这一天,才拿出来喝,故填E。‎ ‎【5题详解】A根据后边对重阳糕的介绍,可知这一部分主要介绍了重阳糕这一食物,故填A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2、答案及解析：‎ 答案：EFACD 解析：略 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3、答案及解析：‎ 答案：F; A; C; G; E 解析：‎ ‎1.由第二段内容可知,整段都在说明语言消失的原因,所以小题1也是在陈述语言消失的原因。故F选项切题。‎ ‎2.由.An " extinct"  language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska ' s Eyak language is one example.可知,已经灭绝的语言没有说种这语言的人了。它永远消失了。阿拉斯加语言就是一个例子。所以小题2说的是:说这种语言的最后一人死于2008年,这种语言也就永远消失了。 符合对前文的解释。故A选项切题。‎ ‎3.由第三段可知,第三段主要在讲述人们受益于不同种的语言。再由in the same way可知,小题3在讲述各种动植物有益于环境,以此说明多种语言也有益于人类。故C选项切题。‎ ‎4.由The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing.可知,这个濒临灭绝语言联盟希望挽救这些即将消失的语言。小题2要说明他们具体的做法。故G选项切题。‎ ‎5.由 At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel, with more than 4 million speakers.可知,至少有一种语言做到了。在1881年,一位名叫Eliezer Ben-Yehuda的犹太语言学家使这个有3千年历史的希伯来语复活。今天,它是以色列的官方语言之一,有400多万使用者。所以通过回答和举例说明,我们可以判断出小题5要问“没有人说的语言能复活吗?”。故E选项切题。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4、答案及解析：‎ 答案：1-5:EACGB 解析：‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了光明节和排灯节这两个节日的庆祝方式和意义。‎ ‎1.E ‎【解题思路】空格前提到作者妈妈嘲笑他和他妹妹会在光明节和排灯节这两个节日里都得到礼物。根据第一段第一句中的“teases”和本段内容可知，E项“尽管妈妈嘲笑我们，但是我并不介意得到两份礼物”承接上文，与上文紧密衔接，符合语境。故选E。‎ ‎2.A ‎【解题思路】空格前提到在光明节，就像大多数犹太家庭一样，我们每晚都会点上烛台进行祷告。根据空格前一句中的“prayer”可知，A项“在第一个晚上我们也会进行特别的祷告”进一步说明了作者一家人进行祷告的情况，与上文紧密衔接，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎3.C ‎【解题思路】空格前提到作者他们每天晚上会玩找礼物的游戏，C项“光明节的每天晚上我们每个人都能够收到一份礼物”与上文紧密衔接，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎4.G ‎【解题思路】本段主要介绍了排灯节的情况，空格处是本段的主旨句，再结合空格后一句中的“To celebrate Diwali”可知，G项“人们在10月或11月的黑暗两周的第十三天庆祝排灯节”符合语境，且和第二段第一句的结构一致。故选G。‎ ‎5.B ‎【解题思路】上文介绍了光明节和排灯节的庆祝方式，空格后提到“我们”以不同的方式庆祝这两个节日，然而它们却有相同的意义。根据空格后一句中的代词“them”可知，B项“这两个节日有不同的历史和故事”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5、答案及解析：‎ 答案：A; G; E; F; C 解析：略 ‎ ‎ ‎6、答案及解析：‎ 答案：C; E; B; D; F 解析：‎ ‎【文章大意】本文为说明文,作者通过介绍历史上两个著名人物的经历告诉读者无论遇到什么困难,都不要气馁。‎ ‎1. C推断句。下两句介绍了历史学科的特点,由此可推知本题答案为C项。‎ ‎2. E推断句。根据上句中的“convey”及下一段中的“as an example of a person who never gave up”可推知本题答案为E项。‎ ‎3. B主旨句。下文介绍的是爱迪生在发明电灯泡过程中克服困难的经历,故答案为B项。‎ ‎4. D 推断句。根据下句“However,he did not let those failures stop him.”可推出本题答案为D项。‎ ‎5. F过渡句。根据上句“我们中的大多数人只知道林肯成为总统时的成功”与下句“他的生活不是很容易”可知,答案为F项。‎ ‎ ‎