2020届二轮复习非限制性定语从句课件（24张）

2020届二轮复习非限制性定语从句课件（24张）

2020 届二轮复习 非限制性定语从句 Attributive Clause Language study 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 例如： . Titanic Titanic is the ship that/ which was the most beautiful in the world at that time Rose Jack Jack and Rose are the lovers who met on the ship. 上面的两个句子的 ship 和 lovers 是被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。其后的黑体部分为定语从句，其中 that 和 who 叫做关系代词。引导定语从句的词有关系代词 that, which, who , （宾格 whom ，所有格 whose ）和关系副词 where, when, why 等。 关系代词和关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主句，指代先行词和在定语从句中做句子成分的三重作用。 who/ whom/ that 这些词代替的先行词是 人的名词或代词 ，在从句中 作主语和宾语 。 E.g. Is he the man who/that wants to see you? （ who/that 在从句中 作主语 ） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. （ whom/that 在从句中 作宾语 ） which/ whose which 用来指物，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 The pen which my uncle gave me is missing. whose 用来指人或物，只用作 定语 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是 时间、地点或原因的名词 ，在从句中作 状语 。 e.g. July and August are the months when the weather is hot. ( 时间状语 ) She’s going home where she can rest. （地点状语） Do you know the reason why I left early? ( 原因状语 ) 限制性和非限制性定语从句 定语从句有 限制性 和 非限制性 两种。 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句都是修饰 名词 或代词的一种 形容词性从句 ，两者虽然性质相同 , 我们来对比下面这两组句子。 This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 限制性定语从句 This is the house which /that/ /we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） 限制性定语从句 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。 e.g. I was the only person in my office that was invited. 我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。 The boy whom my mother is looking for is my brother. 我妈妈照顾的那个男孩是我的弟弟。 非限制性定语从句 The house , which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 非限制性定语从句 和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。 E.g. I don’t like the boy, who is very lazy. 我不喜欢这个男孩，他太懒了。 We have paid another visit to Shaoxing, where Lu Xun was born. 我们又去绍兴游览了一次，鲁迅就出生在那里。 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用 “，”与主句隔开 用 “，”与主句隔 开 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语 , 如删除 , 主句失去意义或意思 表达不完整 译法上 关系词的使用上 只是对先行词的补充说明 , 如删除 , 主句仍能表达完整的意思 . 译成先行词的定语 “ … 的” 通常译成主句的并列句 1. 作宾语时常省略 1. 作宾语时不可省略 2. 可用 that 2. 不用 that 3. 可用 who 代替 whom 3. 不用 who 代替 whom 非限制性定语从句 ★ . 当先行词为 专有名词 ，以及 由物主代词或指示代词修饰的名词 时，其后的定语从句通常用非限制性的。如： Beijing , which is the capital of China, is to host the Olympic Games in 2008. 北京，中国的首都，是 2008 年奥运会主办城市。 Yesterday I met Peter , who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我遇见了彼特，他好象很忙。 as & which 引导的非限制性定语从句 1) 非限制性定语从句还可以修饰整个句子，表示对主句的补充说明。 通常用 which 或 as 引导这种定语从句， which 引导的定语从句只能位于 主句后 ，但 as 引导的从句通常位于 主句之前 . 例如： As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们 人类很重要。 典型例题 1 ） Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it 　 B. that 　 C. which 　　 D. he 答案 C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that 修饰，而用 which.it 和 he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选 he 句意不通。 2 ） The weather turned out to be very good, (and) ___ was more than we could expect. A. what 　 B. which 　 C. that 　 D. it 答案 B 。 which 可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而 what 不可。 that 不能用于非限定性定语从句， it 不为连词，使用逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 典型例题 关系代词 as 的用法 1) the same…as ； such…as 中的 as 是一种固定结构 , 和 …… 一样 …… 。例如： I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我陷入了和你同样的困境。 I want such a book as you bought yesterday. 我想要一本和你那本一样的书。 关系代词 as 的用法 2) as 可引导非限制性从句， 只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事， 常带有 ' 正如 ' 。 但 which 不受此控制。 例如： As we know, smoking is harmful to one‘s health. 正如我们知道的那样，吸烟有害健康。 As is known, smoking is harmful to one‘s health . 正如我们知道的那样，吸烟有害健康。 as 是关系代词。例 1 中的 as 在定语从句中作 know 的宾语；例 2 中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词 know 要用被动式。 关系代词 as 的用法 as 多用于固定搭配中： as we all know ( 众所周知 ), as is known to all( 众所周知 ), as is often the case ( 这是常有的事 ) ， as was expected （不出所料） ,as often happens( 正如经常发生的那样 ) ， as is mentioned above （正如上面所提到的）等。 1. City people in Britain and the US stand closer than those live in other countries. 2. The old lady used to stand in front of the window, through ____she could see what was happening. 3. The international research group was made up of 20 scientists, three of ___ are experts on DNA. 4. Lost in the thick forest, the old man had got no person___ he could ask for help. 用关系词填空 5. Jackie, ____life had once been very hard, become a well-known actor. 6. Do you still remember the days ____ we spent happily together last year. 7. The tree, ____ leaves have turned red, was planted by my uncle. 8. The boys, one of ____ is my brother, are making a plan for the weekend. 用关系词填空 9.The earth is round,_____ is known to all. 10._____ is known to all, the earth is round. 11. We will put off the outing until next week, _____ we won’t be so busy. 12. He lives in London, _____ he became a famous actor. 13.He opened the door, in front of _____ sat a boy. 用关系词填空 1. Do the exercise on 11th Students’ Time: B4 版 语法小测 2. Do the exercise P 10-11 on exercise book Homework Thank you for your attendance.