【英语】2018届二轮复习定语从句学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习定语从句学案

二轮复习 定语从句学案 ‎【易错雷区，步步为赢】‎ ‎1.(2015·浙江，19)Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.‎ 解析　句意：创造一种使员工感到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一大挑战。先行词为an atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，此处in which相当于where。作介词宾语不可用that。‎ 答案　which ‎2.(2015·重庆，14)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.‎ 解析　句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books，作介词of的宾语。‎ 答案　which ‎3.(2015·四川，3)The books on the desk， covers are shiny，are prizes for us.‎ 解析　考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为the books，和covers之间是所有关系，故用whose。‎ 答案　whose ‎4.(2015·安徽，28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.‎ 解析　句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 考查定语从句。depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词， 先行词为物，故用which。‎ 答案　which ‎5.(2015·福建，34)China Today attracts a worldwide readership， shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.‎ 解析　句意：《中国日报》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。‎ 答案　which ‎6.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.‎ 解析　考查定语从句。句意：Angela和她的家人一起呆在中国的那一年是2008年。先行词the exact year在定语从句中作spent的宾语且指物，故用which也可用that或省略。‎ 答案　which/that/不填 ‎7.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， my classmates recommended to me.‎ 解析　考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上个星期，我从图书馆借了同学给我推荐的《大侦探福尔摩斯》。先行词the book在定语从句中作recommend的宾语，所以要用关系代词，先行词是物，故用which。‎ 答案　which ‎8.A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.‎ 解析　考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。‎ 答案　whose ‎9.We'll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.‎ 解析　考查定语从句。句意：一个月之后我们就能完成年初制定的销售目标。先行词targets在从句中作set的宾语，故要用关系代词which。‎ 答案　which ‎10.Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.‎ 解析　考查定语从句。句意：请把所有有关这个职位候选人的信息发给我们。先行词information在定语从句中充当have的宾语，前面又有all来修饰，故只能用that，不用which。‎ 答案　that ‎【名师点睛，易错起源】‎ 易错起源1、正确区分关系代词与关系副词的用法 ‎ 例1. (2015·湖南，29)It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ‎ ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.‎ 解析　句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方，它看起来和一百年前一模一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小 屋。which代替先行词place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。‎ 答案　which ‎【变式探究】Her sister has become a lawyer,_ she wanted to be.‎ A. Who B. that C. What D. Which ‎【错误解答】 A ‎【错解分析】 考生乍一看先行词“alawyer”指人，误选 A，分析从句及根据题意“她姐姐已当了一名律师，那是她过去曾想从事的一种职业(律师)”故选D.Which引导而B.that(不能引导非限制性定词从句。这是有关定词从句的题，故不选C。‎ ‎【正确解答】 D ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用， 修饰名词或代词 ‎2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:(1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。‎ ‎3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用When，是地点名词就用Where。‎ ‎4.当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以用关系代词which，也可以用关系代词that，但在下列情况下，只能使用关系代词that。‎ ‎ (1)当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，someting，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。‎ 例如:‎ Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?‎ You should hand in all that you have.‎ ‎(2)当先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no， all，very等词修饰时。例如:‎ This is the very book that I’m looking for.‎ The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.‎ ‎(3)当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。例如:‎ This is the best that has heen wsed against pollution.‎ This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.‎ ‎(4)当先行词是序数词或它前有一个序数词时，例如 This train is the last that will go to Huangzhou.‎ What is the first Anerican film that you have seen?‎ ‎(5)当先行词既人又有物时，例如:‎ Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?‎ ‎(6)当主句的主语是疑句词who或which时。例如:‎ Which is the bike that you lost?‎ who is the boy that won the gold medal?‎ ‎【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】‎ 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词正用which，另外一个空用that。例如: ‎ They secretly buit up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.‎ 易错起源2、对介词后接关系代词的考查 ‎ 例2、Lily took a few friends to my birthday party，none of ________ I was familiar with.‎ A．which B．whose ‎ C．that D．whom 解析　本题的关键是找准先行词a few friends，在定语从句中使用whom指代先行词，并作为介词of的宾语。which的先行词不能是人；that不能放在介词的后面，whose在定语从句中做定语，后面要有名词。句意：Lily带了一些朋友来参加我的生日聚会，他们中我一个也不熟悉。故D正确。‎ 答案　D ‎【变式探究】—Why does she always ask you for help?‎ ‎—There is no one else ,is there?‎ A. who to turn to B. she can turn to ‎ C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn ‎【错误解答】 D或C ‎ ‎【错解分析】 按照习惯的思维是介词for可以表示“对……”，但本题是固定短词turn to表示“向某人求助”的意思，固定短语中的介词一般不提前置于关系代词之前。选项A中who是多余的，不定式可直接用作后置定语。‎ ‎ 【正确解答】 B ‎ 【名师点睛】‎ ‎“介词+关系代词”引导的定词从句是定词从句中较复杂的一种，一般多用于上式文件中。此类定语从句的关系代词主要有which， whom，whose。它们既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性 定语从句。学习这种定语从句时主注意以下几种情况:‎ 一、注意介词的先取。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选取应根据以下几点:‎ ‎1.根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。例如: ‎ Who is the man with whom you just shook hands?‎ The Two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.‎ ‎2.根据定语从句意思的需要，此时前后搭配都要注意。例如:‎ He had a bad cold,because of which he didnt attend the meeting.‎ The speed at which the car runs depends on the road condition.‎ ‎ 3.根据意思可用复杂介词，如by meansof，asa result of，in front of，in the back of，a11 Of，most of等，例如:‎ The instrument by means of which the temperature is measured is called thermometer.‎ There are forty students in the classroom, all of whom ae working hard at a problem in maths.‎ 二、注意关系代词的选取。在“介词 + 关系代词”引导的空语从句中，如果，关系代词指事物就用 ‎ which;如果指人则用whom;若表示“…”的则用 whose.例如:‎ ‎ This is the classroom in which we studided last year ‎ He lives in a house, whose door opens to then north.‎ ‎【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】‎ 注意“介词 + where”引导的定语从句。有时有阅读过程中我们会碰到“介词 + where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意义上加以区别。例如:‎ They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city. ( from where 相当于) from the top of the building, 而不是 from the building) ‎ 易错起源3、关系代词as的用法 例3. (2015·江苏，21)The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one ‎ year.‎ 解析　句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正 如……，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。‎ 答案　as ‎【变式探究】 has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.‎ A. That B. As C. It D. What ‎ ‎【错误解答】 D ‎【错解分析】 考生把此题误当作主语从句来解.本题考查的是as引导的非限制性定语从句，指代后面句子整体；表示“正如……”，句意为“正如所宣布的，下月我们将进行期末考试”故选B。‎ ‎【正确解答】 B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 关系代词as既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。‎ ‎1.as引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于下列句式:‎ 其中关系代词as在从句中可担当主语、宾语或表语。例如:‎ We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (作主语)‎ Such people as you describle are thought to be fools nowadys. (作宾语)‎ He is not the same man as he was. (作表语)‎ ‎(2)...such as ...‎ 这里such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as在从句中担任成分，修饰先行词such。例如:‎ He turned out to be very successful, which was more than we could expect.‎ ‎ As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.‎ ‎【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】‎ as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主语之后。相同的是两者都可代指主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。例如:‎ He turned out to be very successful, which was more than we could expect.‎ As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.‎ ‎ ‎