【英语】2019届二轮复习冠词学案（4页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习冠词学案（4页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习冠词学案 知识要点：‎ ‎ 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。‎ 一、不定冠词的用法 ‎ 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.‎ ‎ 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.‎ ‎ A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。‎ ‎ 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：‎ ‎ I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.‎ ‎ 4、用于某些固定词组中。如：‎ ‎ a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。‎ ‎ 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如：‎ ‎ This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。‎ ‎ It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。‎ ‎ It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。‎ 二、定冠词的用法：‎ ‎ 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如：‎ ‎ Beijing is the capital of China.‎ ‎ The pen on the desk is mine.‎ ‎ 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如：‎ ‎ Where is the teacher?‎ ‎ Open the window, please.‎ ‎ 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如：‎ ‎ There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.‎ ‎ The baby was thin.‎ ‎ 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：‎ ‎ the earth, the moon, the sun.‎ ‎ 5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：‎ ‎ He is always the first to come to school.‎ ‎ Bob is the tallest in his class.‎ ‎ 6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如：‎ ‎ the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。‎ ‎ 7、用在一些习惯用语中。如：‎ ‎ on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the ‎ day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。‎ ‎ 8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如：‎ ‎ the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas ‎ 9、用在报刊、杂志前。如：‎ ‎ the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。‎ ‎ 10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如：‎ ‎ The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。‎ ‎ 11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如：‎ ‎ the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。‎ ‎ 12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如：‎ ‎ The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).‎ 三、零冠词（即不用冠词）：‎ ‎ 1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如：‎ ‎ China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。‎ ‎ 2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如：‎ ‎ Go down this street.‎ ‎ 3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：‎ ‎ We are students.‎ ‎ I like reading stories.‎ ‎ 4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：‎ ‎ Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。‎ ‎ Today is New Year’s Day.‎ ‎ It is Sunday.‎ ‎ March 8 is Women’s Day.‎ ‎ 5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如：‎ ‎ What’s the matter, Granny?‎ ‎ We elected him monitor.‎ ‎ 6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：‎ ‎ at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。‎ ‎ 7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如：‎ ‎ She goes to school after breakfast every morning.‎ ‎ We are going to play football.‎ ‎ We usually have lunch at school.‎ ‎ 8、科目前不加。如：‎ We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects. ‎ ‎【专项训练】：‎ ‎1、 We can’t live without air.‎ ‎ A．an B．× C．the D．some ‎2、——Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.‎ ‎ ——Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.‎ ‎ A．a; the B．the; the C．the; a D．a; a ‎3、I’ve been waiting for him for hour and half.‎ ‎ A．×; × B．the; a C．a; the D．an; a ‎4、What fine weather we have today!‎ ‎ A．a B．× C．some D．an ‎5、Have you ever seen as tall as this one?‎ ‎ A．a tree B．such tree C．an tree D．tree ‎6、Children usually go to school at age of six.‎ ‎ A．×; the B．a; an C．the; × D．the; the ‎7、 Himalayas is highest mountain in world.‎ ‎ A．×; the;× B．The; the; the C．A; a; a D．×;×;×‎ ‎8、They each have __book. Li Hua’s is about writer. Wang Lin’s is on science.‎ ‎ A．a; a; × B．the; ×; the C．×; the; × D．a; the; a ‎9、 Physics is science of matter and energy.‎ ‎ A．The; × B．×; × C．×; the D．A; a ‎10、 sun rises in east and sets in west.‎ ‎ A．A; an; a B．The;×;× C．The; the; the D．A; the; a ‎11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.‎ ‎ A．a;× B．the; an C．the; the D．×; the ‎12、 __Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad ‎ temper. A．×;a B．A;× C．The; the D．A; a ‎13、They were at dinner then. It was delicous one.‎ ‎ A．a; the B．×;× C．×;a D．a; a ‎14、what kind of car do you want to buy?‎ ‎ A．× B．the C．a D．an ‎15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music.‎ ‎ A．×; the B．×;× C．the; × D．the; the ‎16、Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.‎ ‎ A．the; × B．×; the C．×;× D．the; the ‎17、Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.‎ ‎ A．× B．a C．the D．one ‎18、——Where’s Jack?‎ ‎ ——I think he’s still in bed, but he might just be in bathroom.‎ ‎ A．×;× B．the; the C．the; × D．×; the ‎19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.‎ ‎ A．the; the B．×;× C．the; × D．×; the ‎20、——I’d like information about the management of your hotel, please.‎ ‎ ——Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful.‎ ‎ A．some; a B．an; some C．some; some D．an; a ‎【答案】： ‎ ‎ 1、B air是不可数名词。 ‎ ‎ 2、D ‎ ‎ 此题为97年高考题。根据句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出现；第二空仍是泛指，且表数量“－”。‎ ‎ 3、D 元音前用an。‎ ‎ 4、B weather是不可数名词。‎ ‎ 5、A 此题为85年高考题。泛指。‎ ‎ 6、A go to school是固定短语。 ‎ ‎ 7、B 山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。‎ ‎ 8、A 第一、二空泛指，第三空，science是不可数名词。‎ ‎ 9、C 第一空，科目前不加冠词；第二空特指，有定语。‎ ‎ 10、C ‎ 11、A 第一空，a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍；第二空，trade不可数。‎ ‎ 12、D 第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。（括号里说明，我们俩都不认识这个人，因此不是特指。）第二空是固定短语，情绪不好。‎ ‎ 13、C 第一空at dinner正在吃饭，固定短语。‎ ‎ 14、A 泛指 ‎ 15、C 此题是89年高考题：乐器前加定冠词；music是不可数名词。‎ ‎ 16、A 此题是90年高考题：stars前应加定冠词；space不可数。‎ ‎ 17、C 此题是91年高考题：发明应是特指。‎ ‎ 18、D 此题是92年高考题。in bed是固定短语，不加冠词。‎ ‎ 19、C 此题是93年高考题。第一空后有定语，固是特指。第二空， public places,公共场所，泛指。‎ ‎ 20、A 此题是95年高考题。information是不可数名词；have a word with sb.是固定短语。‎