2019届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导课件（27张）

2019届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导课件（27张）

2019 届二轮复习 语法填空 （Grammatical Cloze） 第 1 、 2 课时 给提示词的语法填空题解题技巧 不给提示词的语法填空题解题技巧 题型简介 语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空，本题型分两种情况： 一种 为 已给单词提示 ， 一种 为 不给单词提示 。这种命题形式将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这一转变体现了新课改由 语法知识到语法技能 的语法教学观念的转变以及当今高考英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调在语篇中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。 2007年高考广东卷率先使用该命题形式，各个省区相继采取这种方式。2014年2月份国家考试中心公布的《考试说明》宣布从2014年开始，新课标高考全国卷也将以语法填空替代使用了几十年之久的单项选择。 先学任务&Warming up: （2016年全国III卷） 阅读下面材料 , 在空白处填入适当的内容 ( 1个单词 ) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs. and be made to create The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their hands. using as/when gradually who development were with Step1: 解题步骤 1）通读全文，搞清文章大意，弄清主题、时态。 2）依照语义、语法，参考常考知识点，进行填空。 注意：时态、语态、性、数、格问题。 3）通读全文，复查验证。 Step2: 知识点准备 1）定语从句： 关系代词 ：which, that, who, whose, as;（注意as 引导的定语从句“such ... as、the same ... as”） 关系副词 : when, where, why; 非限制性 定语从句引导词：which, as; 介词+关系代词 ：介词+which 2）状语从句： 时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。 ①时间状语从句，尤其是 as，since，while，when，before，until 等连接词； ②when/where 引导的状语从句； ③让步状语从句的倒装；as和though引导的让步状语从句可将表语提前； ④非谓语动词：现在分词（表主动和进行），过去分词（表被动和完成），动词不定式（表将来和目的）； 3）名词性从句： 名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。 复习重点： ①从属连词whether，if 和 that 的用法（whether和or not连用，that没有意义，不充当成分）； ②连接代词和连接副词的选择 4）时态、语态： 现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、将来完成时、完成进行时等，多和语态一起考查。 ①一般现在时和一般过去时的区别 ②现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 ③一般过去时和过去完成时的区别 ④一般现在时和现在进行时以及一般过去时同过去进行时的区别 ⑤“系动词+过去分词”的用法，如：get lost；remain unknown 等形式的用法 ⑥进行时态的被动语态及主动表被动的用法 5）其他： 倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构等。 ①it 作形式主语、形式宾语； ②there be 句型； ③it is/was+被强调部分+that/who强调句型； ④情态动词用法； ⑤主谓一致和时态语态的结合 Step3：语法填空题的出题方式 1.给出提示词的语法填空： 主要考查： 1）名词（单、复、所有格） 2）动词（时态—语态—数；doing-done-to do） 3）形容词、副词（原级、比较级、最高级、转换） 4）代词（性、数、格） 5）词类转换(名—形—副—动） 2.未给提示词的语法填空。 考查：冠、代、介、连、及一些副词（多为固定搭配）。 3.解题关键： 1）把握大意； 2）找关键词（1.看横线前后词；2.找出句中主语、谓语、连词）； 4. 原则 既要符合语意，又要合乎语法！ Step4：语法填空题解题技巧 1.考查名词（n.） 技巧：注意名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有 单数、复数、所有格 的变化。例如： There are many students living at school, the_______ _ _(child) houses are all far from schoo1． 当堂导练： 1） Do you know how many ____ ___ (novel) are there on the shelf? 2） In face of various ____ _ __(nature) disasters, what can we do to survive? 3） He had a toothache, so he went to the ___ _____ (dentist). 一、给提示词的语法填空题 children ' s novel s natural dentist's 2.考查动词（v.） 技巧：注意动词形式的变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化( 时态、语态、语气 )，有非谓语的变化( to do, doing, done )。例如： A talk___________(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang． 当堂导练： 1) Asking about one's income ____________(view) impolite. 2) Over time, many changes __________________(take place) in our country. 3) The teacher entered the lab, ________(follow) by some students. 4) Some students entered the lab, ___________(follow) the teacher. 5) His words encouraged me to work harder _____________(achieve) my goal. to be given is viewed have taken place followed following to achieve 3.考查形容词（adj.）、副词（adv.） 技巧：1） 形容词变为副词 、副词变为形容词； 2）形容词变成其 比较级或最高级 （构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀 - er和 - est，或在词加more／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the）； 3）形容词变成其 相反意义 的adj. 或adv.，例如： I am________(tall) than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class． Lious lost his wallet yesterday，so he was very_________(happiness)． less tall unhappy 当堂导练： 1) After retirement, the old man lived in the countryside ___________ (peaceful). 2) Compared with those children living in the countryside, we are _____ __ ___(happy). 3) He is the athlete who jumps ___ __ ____(far) in the world. 4) He was ________(able) to finish this job by himself, so please help him. 5) Many other actors are _______ (badly) off than me at present,… peacefully happier farthest unable worse 4.考查代词（pron.） 技巧：注意代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即 人称代词 (主格和宾格)、 物主代词 (形容词性和名词性)、 反身代词 。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。 The king decided to see the painter by_________(he)． 当堂导练： 1）Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear ____ （it）spoken. 2）I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax ________(I). himself it myself 5. 考查词性转换 技巧：1） 名词与形容词 相互转换；2） 形容词副词 的相互转换；3） 动词与名词 的相互转换 , 例如： We must notice the _________ ___ __(important) of protecting the environment. 当堂导练： 1）But a recent study saw things quite ______ _____ _ (different). 2）The order in which they finished would decide the order of their ____ ___ _____ (appear) in the Chinese calendar. 3）…, so I’m very careful not to give out my _____ __ __(person) information. importance differently appearance personal 1.考查冠词（art.） 1) 如果空格后是 单数可数名词 ，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填不定冠词( a, an ); 2) 如果空格后是 序数词、最高级 或提及 上文提到过的人或物 等时，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填定冠词( the )。例如： Jackie likes to drive at___ _____ high speed． 当堂导练： 1) They both are trying their best to realize _______same dream―entering the key university. 2) Reciting more texts is _ __ __useful way to broaden your vocabulary. 二、未给提示词的语法填空题 a the a 2.考查介词或副词 常用的介词有 in，at，on，of，before，during 等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量比较多，如： however，never，yet，much 等，但考查得较少。例如： Just then, he saw a blackboard in____ ___ _ of him． The US consists ____fifty states．   front of 当堂导练： 1）Old Tom ' s grand - daughter used to visit him _____ Saturday afternoons． 2）Though Liu Qiang did the same work ____ Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay ______ Zhang  Wen．  3）Television is now playing a very important role ___ our life. 4）It was in this very room that I gave birth _____ Linda seventeen years ago. on as than in to 3. 考查连词、副词、关联短语 常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等；常用的关联短语有both…and，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also等。 表示 并列 ：and, or等； 表示 因果 ：so, for, therefore, thus等； 表示 递进 ： further, furthermore, moreover, in addition等; 表示 转折 ：but, nevertheless, however, yet, while, although, though等。 Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor． ___ __ _Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre． for Both It was only one day left , ___ _____ _  , his father had no idea to answer him． 当堂导练： 1)I asked my classmates about her interest ___ __ then I made my final decision. 2)If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd. The youngest child, _________, often gets special treatment. however and however 4. 考查it、从句引导词 (what、that、who、which、when、where等) I like ____ when my parents are friendly to me. He did not do____ ___ his father had asked him to do． Those___ ___ _want to go to the village must sign here． 当堂导练： 1）One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. 2）Some people say that oldest children, _____ are smart and strong-willed, are very likely to succeed. 3）I admired the painting, and Ted said he would like me to have ______ as a gift from him. 4）_______ he wants is a bicycle. it what who that who it What 5.考查固定搭配 根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。 The children were playing on the ground，enjoying__ ______ __ ___, dirty but happy． His boss was__ __ __angry as to fire him． 当堂导练： 1）Mrs Baker was ill, so her daughter had to ask for a leave to take _____ _ of her． 2）I've never heard ___ ___ _ stories as he told. 3）Mr Smith took a plane to London __ ____ __ __ of taking a train． themselves so care such instead Step5: 巩固练习 People ___1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _____2_____ （language）in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four __3__ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need __4__ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ____5___ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ___6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books ____7____ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet ___8___ new word, look it __9__ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your ___10___ (much) useful book. living languages or all Before bigger written a up most Step6: 自辅落实 Finish the two exercises on the learning sheet.