专题06+非谓语动词的考察-2019年高考英语十大高频考点详解

专题06+非谓语动词的考察-2019年高考英语十大高频考点详解

‎ ‎ ‎【重点考向】‎ 之所以英语中要有非谓语动词，是为了解决句子中出现了第二个动词的问题 非谓语动词是英语中的常见语法现象，不但是语法填空、短文改错等语法题的命题点，也是阅读理解、完型填空长难句的组成部分，同时也是书面表达的加分造句技巧。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【考点实例】‎ 1. The island, to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.‎ A joining B to join C joined D having joined ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, nothing about the argument.‎ A says B said C to say D saying ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】saying做伴随状语 ‎3. While （walk） his dog in the park yesterday afternoon,Bob heard someone shouting for help in the distance.‎ ‎【答案】walking ‎【解析】walking为状语从句谓语动词的简化。‎ ‎4. I am not interested in pop music,because I often have difficulty （understand） the words.‎ ‎【答案】in understanding ‎【解析】have difficulty/trouble in doing ‎【考点精析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（1）to do的意义 ‎ 语态：主动 ‎ to do ‎ 状态：未发生 I want to go to visit my friend.‎ She invited me to come.‎ To catch the bus,he ran as fast as he can.目的状语 ‎（2）doing的意义 ‎ 语态：主动 doing ‎ 状态：进行 ‎ ‎ He finished reading the book yesterday ‎ The woman giving us oral lessons is from America. = The woman who gives us oral lessons is from America.‎ Walking along the street,we found a purse lying on the ground.=When we walked along the street,we found a purse lying on the ground.‎ ‎【小测】To do PK doing He is advised （stop） （think of） （go） abroad in these two years.‎ ‎【答案】to stop;thinking of;going ‎ ‎ 介词of后跟动名词或者名词 ‎（3）done的意义 ‎ 语态：被动 ‎ done ‎ 状态：已发生，完成 ‎ ‎ A retired teacher is cleaning the fallen leaves at school. 完成 一位退休教师在清理学校的落叶。 ‎ The terrified boy doesn’t like fried chips. 被动 这个被吓坏了的男孩不喜欢炸薯条。‎ To do PK doing PK Done ‎ 1. have（make/let使役动词） sb. do sth.——The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.‎ 2. have sb./sth, doing sth.——The two men had their lights burning all night long.‎ 3. have sth. Done——The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机让他的车一周被洗一次 ‎ ‎ ‎（4）状语从句的简化 例一：To finish my homework,I didn't sleep until 12 o'clock=I work until 12 o'clock for I was to finish my homework.‎ 例二：Knowing the answers,I felt very happy=When I knew the answers,I felt very happy.‎ ‎ While standing in front of the teacher,Mary was nervous.=While Mary was standing in front of ‎ the teacher,she was nervous.‎ 例三：Seen from the hill,my home is smaller than a car=When it is seen from the hill,my home is smaller than a car.‎ ‎ Given more time,we can do the work pleasantly=If we are given more time,we can do the work pleasantly.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（5）定语从句的简化 1. I have a large family to support.= I have a large family that I need to support. ‎ ‎ He is a pleasant person to work with.=He is a pleasant person who we can work with.‎ ‎2. This is the factory making cars=This is the factory which/that made cars.‎ ‎3. We like the movie directed by Feng Xiaogang= We like the movie which is directed by Feng Xiaogang.‎ ‎ ‎ To be done PK Done ‎ The meeting yesterday was very important. (hold)‎ ‎ PK The meeting tomorrow is very important.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.考点总结 to do 动词不定式 doing 1.动名词;2现在分词 done过去分词 主语 To see is to believe/To play with fire is dangerous Seeing is believing/Playing with fire is dangerous（1）‎ 无 宾语 I want to eat apples I like eating apples（1）‎ I have my hair cut（宾补）‎ 助谓 I am to play basketball（时态需要）‎ I am playing basketball（时态需要）‎ I have eaten apples（时态需要）‎ 介宾 无 I am good at playing basketball（1）‎ 无 定语 I want something to drink.‎ The rising sun正在升起 This is an interesting movie.‎ I know the boy breaking the window The risen sun已经升起 He owns the houses painted white 状语 She entered the room only to find him He went down the hill,singing a song Heated,water is going to boil.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【实战过关】‎ ‎1.With a lot of homework (do),I can't go out to play.‎ 作业没做完,我不能出去玩 ‎【答案】to do ‎ ‎【解析】with sth done表示某件事情已经做完了,with sth to do表示要做,但是还没有做.‎ ‎2.With a lot of homework (do),I go out to play 大量的作业做完了,我（才）出去玩.‎ ‎【答案】done ‎【解析】with sth done表示某件事情已经做完了,with sth to do表示要做,但是还没有做.‎ ‎3.with a lot of different problems ,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.‎ A. settled B.settling C.to settle D.to be settled ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎【考点拓展】‎ With time (go) by,we are more and more healthy. 随着 With the flower (water),I could go outside.‎ With some work (do),I cannot play games.‎ ‎【答案】going;watered;to do ‎【解析】with sth done表示某件事情已经做完了,with sth to do表示要做,但是还没有做.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.语法填空：Yangshuo,China ‎ It was raining lightly when I___61___ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours___62___, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with___63___ (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.‎ ‎ I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River___64___are pictured by artists in so many Chinese___65___ (painting). Instead, I’d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away___66___car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.‎ ‎ Yangshuo___67___ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers___68___ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it___69___ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people___70___ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎66. by 指坐车一个小时的路程。‎ ‎67. is 指目前的状态或客观存在的状态。‎ ‎68. conducted 由conduct a study /survey (进行研究/调查)可知，a study与conduct是被动关系，用过去分词短语作后置定语。‎ ‎69. regularly 修饰动词arranges作状语，用副词。‎ ‎70. living 因people与live是主动关系，用现在分词短语作后置定语。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5．[2014·北京卷] ________ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.‎ A．Observe B．To observe C．Observed D．Observing ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】祈使句 ‎6．[2014·北京卷] Last night, there were millions of people ________ the opening ceremony live on TV.‎ A．watch B．to watch C．watched D．watching ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】watching做定语。‎ ‎7. [2014·湖南卷] There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, ________ at the night sky.‎ A. to stare B. staring C. stared D. having stared ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】staring做伴随状语。‎ ‎8. [2014·全国大纲卷] Today there are more airplanes ________ more people than ever before in the skies.‎ A. carry B. carrying ‎ C. carried D. to be carrying ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】carrying 做定语。‎ ‎9. [2014·湖南卷] Children，when _____ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.‎ A. to be accompanied B. to accompany C. accompanying D. accompanied ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】accompanied为状语从句的简化。‎ ‎10. [2014·安徽卷] While waiting for the opportunity to get ________，Henry did his best to perform his duty.‎ A．promote B．promoted C．promoting D．to promote ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】get promoted得到提拔。‎ ‎11．[2014·福建卷] For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________．‎ A．connected B．connecting ‎ C．to connect D．to be connected ‎ ‎ ‎12．[2014·山东卷] There's a note pinned to the door________ when the shop will open again. ‎ A．saying B．says ‎ C．said D．having said ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】saying 是定语从句的简化 ‎13. [2012·江西卷] John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter________ him it.‎ A．offered B．offering C．to offer D．to be offered ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】offering是定语从句的简化 ‎14. [2014·江西卷] When it comes to ________ in public, no one can match him.‎ A. speak B. speaking C. being spoken D. be spoken ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】Come to涉及，to是介词，speaking是动名词：演讲。‎ ‎15. [2014·湖南卷] ________ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.‎ A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood ‎ ‎ ‎16．[2014·北京卷] The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without________．‎ A．recognizing ‎ B．being recognized C．having recognized ‎ D．having been recognized ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】被认出来being recognized。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎