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【英语】2018届人教版必修1一轮复习: Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计(19页)
2018届人教版必修1一轮复习: Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计 单元词汇回顾 shock vt. & vi. (使)震惊;震动 n. 休克;打击;震惊 rescue n. & vt. 援救;营救 trap vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱;困境 electricity n. 电;电流;电学 disaster n. 灾难;灾祸 dig out 掘出;发现 bury vt. 埋葬;掩埋;隐藏 mine n. 矿;矿山;矿井 miner n. 矿工 shelter n. 掩蔽;掩蔽处;避身处 a (great) number of 许多;大量的 title n. 标题;头衔;资格 reporter n. 记者 bar n. 条;棒;条状物 damage n. & vt. 损失;损害 frighten vt. 使惊吓;吓唬 frightened adj. 受惊的;受恐吓的 frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 congratulation n. 祝贺;(复数)贺词 judge n. 裁判员;法官 vt. 断定;判断;判决 sincerely adv. 真诚地;真挚地 express vt. 表示;表达 n. 快车;速递 outline n. 要点;大纲;轮廓 headline n. 报刊的大字标题 cyclist n. 骑自行车的人 单元重点词汇语法搜索 1.Unfortunately,at least 20 miners were killed,22 and 13 in the coal mine gas explosion. A.injuring;trapping B.injured;trapped C.injured;trapping D.injuring;trapped 2.Italy’s captain Fabio Cannavaro was officially named European Footballer of the Year,though of the fans seemed to agree. A.each B.no one C.every D.not all 3.I myself in my studies.In return,I gained great success. A.placed B.had C.laid D.buried 4. his happy look on the face,he must have passed the exam this time. A.Judging from B.To judge from C.Judged from D.Judge by 5. sunshine and some rainfall promise a good harvest of fruits and vegetables this year. A.A large amount B.Large quantities of C.A large number of D.A good many 6. ,the headmaster rose to indicate that the conversation was . A.At an end;in an end B.In the end;at an end C.In an end;at the end D.At an end;in the end 7.The camera was by his son and he had to have it repaired. A.ruined B.destroyed C.injured D.damaged 8.A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending,but the reader must not be left . A.unsatisfied B.unsatisfying C.to be unsatisfying D.being unsatisfied 9.On hearing the bad news,Mary and ran back to her room. A.burst into tears B.burst out tears C.laughed with tears D.wiped her tears 10.—I was riding along the street and all of a sudden,a car cut in and knocked me down. —You can never be careful in the street. A.very B.too C.so D.much 答案及剖析:1.B 句意:不幸的是,由于这个煤矿的瓦斯爆炸,至少20名矿工丧生,22名受伤,13名被困井下。由于22(miners)和injure之间为动宾关系,13(miners)和trap之间也是动宾关系,故都用过去分词。 2.D no one表示完全否定,not all表示部分否定。根据句意应选D项。 3.D bury oneself in sth.相当于be devoted to sth.,意为“专心于……” 4.A judging from为插入语结构,不受句子主语和语态限制。故正确答案选A项。 5.B sunshine和rainfall都是不可数名词,可排除C、D两项;A项中缺少介词of。B项large quantities of 既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词,因此选B项。 6.B in the end意为“最后;终于”,在句中作状语;at an end意为“结束;终结”,常用作表语。句意:最后,校长站起来暗示谈话结束。 7.D 句意:这个相机被他儿子弄坏了,他不得不去让人修一下。从he had to have it repaired可看出相机破坏的程度不大还可以修复,故应选damage。 8.A 句意:一个好的故事未必要有一个圆满的结局,但却不能让读者感到不满意。本处为“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的被动形式,空格处作补足语,根据句意此处用过去分词形式的形容词unsatisfied,表示“感到不满意的”。 9.A 句意:一听到这个坏消息,玛丽就大哭起来,跑回了房间。burst into tears=burst out crying。C、D两项意思不合句意。 10.B can never be too careful表示“越小心越好”。 写作积累 限时5分钟 1.并非所有的学生都遵守学校规章制度,因此作为一名老师,我们应严格要求他们。 the school rules,so as a teacher we should be strict with them. 2.我怎么感激你也不过分。 I cannot thank you enough.(改写) → 3.我的邻居把这个孩子当作亲生儿子来对待。 My neighbours treat the child . 答案:1.All students don’t obey/Not all students obey 2.I cannot thank you too much. 3.as if he were their own son 单元综合知识运用 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分) 阅读下列短文,从每題所给的选项A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 A Smart phones are so common these days. It’s a wonder that our pets don’t own one. But they don’t necessarily have to. These four apps will help you take care of your best furry friend from dog training to first aid. Pet First Aid Price: $3.99 Pet First Aid helps you provide the basic care and attention that your four-legged friend might need in a medical emergency. The application shows owners how to treat illnesses with helpful videos, pictures and articles on subjects like cuts, wound treatment and more. A section called Pet Info lets you enter information about your pets including when they had their last vaccinations, any medicines they take, or information about any diseases or conditions your animal suffers from. Paw Card Pet Tracker Price: Free Paw Card helps you keep a record of your loved one’s important information. Use it to record your pet’s medical contacts, vaccinations, identity cards, medical conditions and medicines. Additional characteristics include a drawing showing your dog’s weight over time. Dog Park Finder Price: Free Dog Park Finder helps you locate dog-friendly parks and training locations in your area (USA locations only). The app includes information on more than 2,200 off-leash(无需给狗拴链的) areas, user photos and more than 6,500 reviews, so you can have fun with your dog off the leash. Dog Book Price: Free Dog Book is a social networking application for dogs. Like Face book, users can share with other people what’s going on in their dog’s life, share photos, and find great animal-friendly places to meet up. 16. The app Pet First Aid is different from the other thee mainly in . A. Size B. price C. application D. position 17. If you want to keep a record of your dog’s weight, you can use . A. Dog Book B. Pet First Aid C. Dog Park Finder D. Paw Card Pet Tracker 18. Which one is the best choice if you want to find dog training locations? A. Dog Park Finder B. Pet First Aid C. Paw Card Pet Tracker. D. Dog Book 19. From the text we can know . A. Dog Book users can find off-leash areas B. Dog Park Finder provides worldwide information C. Paw Card Pet Tracker records your dog’s information D. Pet First Aid users can find the nearest hospital easily B Your next car might drive itself. After years of trials on city streets, driverless vehicles are now nearing the live phase. Last month, a driverless bus began carrying passengers through Lyon, France. Most in the automobile industry think self-driving vehicles will be on the road by 2020 or before. Driverless cars will at first be huddled with human-driven cars. But the first places where they will become dominant(统治的)are dense(人口密集的) urban(城市的) areas — precisely the spots most damaged by the automobile age. Many advanced cities are already reducing the role of human-driven goods. Driverless cars will quicken that process and will bring us enormous benefits. Driverless cars will reduce accidents by around 90 percent. That’s big—the annual death toll on the world’s roads is about 1.2 million a year. Pollution and carbon emissions will drop, because urban driverless cars will be electric. The old, otherwise they would stay at home most of the time and the disabled and teenagers will suddenly gain mobility(移动性). On the other hand, driverless cars will bring catastrophe(灾难). The best thing about the automobile age was that it employed tens of millions of people to make, market, insure and drive vehicles. Over the next 20 years, the mostly low-skilled men who now drive trucks, taxis and buses will see their jobs reduced. Carmakers are especially scared. The few cars of the future might be made by tech companies such as Apple, Baidu and Google. Imaging the impact on Germany, where the automotive sector is the largest industry. Dramatic change is coming, and driverless cars could arrive by 2020. But governments have hardly begun thinking about it. Only 6 percent of the biggest US cities have factored them into their long-term planning. A decade ago anyone hardly saw the Smartphone coming. It has brought an epidemic(流行的) of mass addiction. Let’s hope we do a better job of handling the driverless car. 20. The underlined words “be huddled with” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “ “. A. show up B. exist together C. get rid of D. take the place of 21. Why can driverless cars reduce pollution and carbon emissions? A. Driverless cars reduce the number of cars. B. Driverless cars will be powered by electricity. C. Driverless cars save fuel by driving themselves. D. Driverless cars will reduce too many accidents. 22. What’s the author’s attitude toward driverless cars? A. Doubtful. B. Negative否定的. C. Objective客观的. D. Worried. 23. What can we know about driverless cars? A. They will not hit the road until 2020. B. They will only be used in urban areas. C. They will not cause any road accident . D. They aren’t still seriously taken by leaders. C Aerial(空中的) performer Jennifer Bricker was born without legs, but she never let it stop her. Wrapped in a loop of red silk hung from the ceiling Jennifer Bricker climbs and twists to the music. Her head hangs down and her strong arms let go as she balances on her back, high above the ground a move that’s all the more daring because she has no legs. Jennifer was a few months old when she was adopted by Sharon and Gerald Bricker. She had big brown eyes, a bright smile, and huge amounts of energy. When a doctor advised her adoptive parents to carry her around in a kind of bucket, they refused. Jennifer soon learned to walk — and run — on her hands and bottom, and grew up fearlessly climbing trees and bouncing on the trampoline(蹦床) with her three older brothers. “My parents didn’t treat me differently so I didn’t grasp the concept that I was different. I knew I didn’t have legs but that wasn’t stopping me from doing the things I wanted to do.” At the age of three she was fitted with artificial legs, but she never really took to them — she moved more freely without. In 1996 the Olympic Games took place in Atlanta. Jennifer loved to watch the women’s gymnastics team, and especially adored the 14-year-old Dominique Moceanu who competed for the US. When Moceanu and the women’s team won gold, Jennifer decided she was going to be a gymnast, too. She took up power tumbling(翻筋斗), which involves performing floor exercises down a runway. But Jennifer did not want any allowances to be made for her disability. At the age of 10 she took part in the Junior Olympics and by age 11 she was tumbling champion for the state of Illinois. Jennifer now travels the world as an inspirational speaker and acts as an aerial performer. 24. Why did Jennifer determine to be a gymnast? A. She knew that she was different from others. B. She wanted to make allowances for her disability. C. She was eager to participate in the Junior Olympics. D. She was greatly influenced by Dominique Moceanu. 25. What do we know about Jennifer Bricker? A. She felt embarrassed without legs. B. She was carried in a bucket as a baby. C. She was brought up as a normal child. D. She lost her legs when she was adopted. 26. Which of the following can best describe Jennifer Bricker? A. Self-respected. B. Cautious. C. Sensitive. D. Clever. D On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding waistlines(腰围) lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article in The New York Times, it could also endanger personal safety in some situations—in an airplane crash, for example. The New York Times’ Christen Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards for airplane seat strength— first set more than 60 years ago — require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds (77kg). Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds (88kg) and the average woman 165 pounds (75kg). “If a heavier person completely fills seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash,” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption(吸收) that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly.” “Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.” Most complaints about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But The New York Times’ article brings up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators of the issue got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to comment on the problem. Experts agreed that crash testing should be done with overweight dummies (人体模型). Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, they said. Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board’s investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem. 27. What is the article in The New York Times mainly concerned with? A. The size of airplane seats and seat belts. B. Safety of overweight airplane passengers. C. Airplane crashes involving commercial planes. D. A medical problem caused by being overweight. 28. Robert Salzar would probably agree that . A. overweight passengers should buy two seats B. the government should help produce safer planes C. standards for airplane seat strength should be raised D. passengers should know how to protect themselves 29. We can learn from the text that . A. airplane seat makers have taken action now B. there are few complaints about airplane seats C. those sitting near the overweight may suffer, too D. only a small number of airplane accidents involve the overweight 30. What is the best title for the text? A. Why Do Passengers Feel Anxious about Flying? B. Will 42% of Americans Be OVERWEIGHT BY 2030? C. When Will the Overweight Enjoy Their Flight? D. Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for the Overweight? 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分) 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。 Scientists often see the first ten years of a child’s life as the “window of opportunity”. 31 . And studies show that the following activities can benefit their brain greatly. 32 . Free playtime has always been an important part of “being a kid”, but it is also important to a child’s development. “Free play” not only helps kids develop different skills, it also helps them develop into happy healthy adults in the future. Read with kids Reading has long been known to improve children’s intelligence. 33 . For parents who don’t have much time, just surrounding your kids with books goes a long way, too. Put kids to bed early 34 . Preschool children should get at least eleven hours of sleep and kids up to age 12 should try to get at least ten hours of sleep. Learn a second language Early studies in this field have shown that bilingual (双语的)kids can perform better under pressure. Young children can learn new languages with nearly perfect fluency and pronunciation. Praise good effort not intelligence Your kids may be smart but you should mainly praise the effort they put into tasks. Kids, who are praised on intelligence, often feel it is a fixed quality, and mistakes or failures badly hurt their self-confidence. Kids who are praised on effort often focus more on learning. 35 . A. Play some helpful games B. Give them enough playtime C. And they are not afraid to fail and try again D. Kids still need time away from the TV to do homework E. Kids who read often develop earlier writing and number skills as well F. Everything at this time is very important to the development of a person’s brain G. Studies show that kids with regular bedtimes are better at languages, math and reading 第三部分 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分, 满分30分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中,选出可以填人空白 处的最佳选项.并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was in school, I took part in an internship(实习). This was largely made up of my visiting with special hospital patients. On one particular visit, I cautiously entered a darkened room to find an 36 man lying in bed. I had thought he was 37 . When I moved closer, I 38 he was very much awake, but also very puzzled and anxious. He _39 wanted to communicate something, but I couldn’t understand what he was saying. He seemed quite weak, 40 I couldn’t tell if he was __41 , or just frightened. I knew nothing about him, and I felt totally 42 . He obviously didn’t want me to leave, but I felt so lost and uncomfortable that I had to leave the room after only a couple of minutes. The next time I was at the hospital and saw him again, I was certain he didn’t remember me at all. But he 43 said, “I remember you. You were the 44 that gave me hope in my darkest hour!” I was so amazed that, 45 , I didn’t know how to 46 . In the 47 moment of my visit, I did obviously 48 . But somehow he found in me something he needed, just 49 I was there. I have 50 this encounter(遭遇) often over the past years. It has 51 the way I see life, the way I see myself, and the way I see 52 . It makes me want to offer whatever kindness I can to others, and I try to recognize and 53 the kindness that others share with me. So a stranger in the 54 of a weak, old man changed the rest of my life with a single comment. Who was the angel to 55 ? 36. A. lonely B. poorly C. elderly D. friendly 37. A. sleeping B. settling C. reading D. thinking 38. A. expressed B. admitted C. thought D. realized 39. A. happily B. frequently C. eagerly D. impatiently 40. A. so B. and C. or D. yet 41. A. in pain B. in danger C. in need D. in trouble 42. A. concerned B. hopeless C. relieved D. helpless 43. A. carefully B. immediately C. finally D. fluently 44. A. person B. angel C. passer-by D. coach 45. A. again and again B. right away C. once again D. day and night 46. A. chat B. respond C. confirm D. answer 47. A. real B. basic C. unforgettable D. brief 48. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 49. A. because B. when C. after D. as 50. A. dreamed of B. thought about C. cared about D. met with 51.A. decided B. spotted C. educated D. shaped 52. A. friends B. persons C. others D. natives 53. A. appreciate B. deserve C. accept D. replace 54. A. view B. mercy C. name D. form 55. A. me B. him C. whom D. whose 第四部分 单项选择(共20题,满分20分) 56. Jack was working in the lab when the ________ cut occurred(发生). A.power B. force C.energy D. strength 57. That was the second time that he ________ to this school, and in fact he began to like it the first time he _____ to this school. A. came, comes B. had come, came C. has come, came D. had come, comes 58. You may be __________ reading, but you shouldn’t be _________ it even if you feel tired out after a whole day’s work. A. tired of, tired with B. tired out, tired of C. tired of, tired from D. tired from, tired of 59. We went on a guided ________ round the castle. A. travel B. voyage C. journey D. tour 60. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _________he’s in his nineties. A. as long as B.as if C. even though D. in case 61.________an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. A. Base B. Based C. Basing D. Bases 62. The scientist fixed his attention on study. He didn’t care ________his clothes. A. about B. with C. for D. of 63. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help________________into buying something they don’t really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. to be persuaded 64. The brave soldier preferred _________rather than ____________. A. die, give in B. to die, to give in C. dying, giving in D. to die, give in 65.Our leader insisted that the plan _________ reasonable and that we ___________ it out. A. be, carry B. was, carried C. was, carry D. are, carry 66. He was knocked down by a taxi and was badly ___________. A. hurt B. injured C.wounded D. harmed 67. At midnight, a __________robber ordered a _____________woman to give him all her money. Luckily, the police came to her rescue in time. A. frightened, frightening B. frightening, frightened C. frightened, frightened D. frightening, frightening 68. As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University _____________. A. founded B. was found C. was founded D. had been founded 69. Tom had to turn ________invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. A. down B.up C.off D. over 70. Anyone who can find my lost dog and return it to me can receive a $500_______. A. prize B. award C. reward D. price 71. My mother asked me, ”How long have you been here?”.改为间接引语: A. My mother asked me how long have I been there. B. My mother asked me how long I have been there. C. My mother asked me how long had I been there. D. My mother asked me how long I had been there. 72. Please send us any information _______you have about the subject. A. what B.which C.that D. how 73.He is the only one of the students __________________________. A.who have a good command of English B.who has a good command of English C.who had a good command of English D.who have had a good command of English 74.She’s the very person ____________________________________. A.whose bag I found my lost journal B.in whose bag I found my lost journal C.which bag I found my lost journal C.her bag I found my lost journal 75.Do you remember the days _______________________________? A.that we chatted with each other all night B.which we chatted with each other all night C.when we chatted with each other all night D.whom we chatted with each other all night 第五部 分 语法填空(共10题,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you like trying different things? Are you afraid 76 things that you think you’re bad at? Last year I started to learn Taichi in order to improve my health and reduce my stress. It was something new for me, and I found it to be quite difficult, very 77 (difference) from anything I’d ever learned before. Small 78 (move) are important in Taichi. I was used to being fast and active , 79 to learn Taichi I had to learn patience. Now I’ve found that I’m a much more patient person than before, and Taichi isn’t nearly as difficult as it 80 (be ) before. We tend 81 (like) things we are good at — that’s normal. For example, I’m naturally very good at badminton and tennis, but I’m very bad at anything 82 involves keeping balance, such as skating, skiing and gymnastics. Taichi has 83 (great) improved my balance which has been a very good thing for me. My point is that you can keep 84 (do) the things you know you’re good at and live in your comfort zone, or you can try something new. If you don’t try new things, you’ll never know what it would be like to try something new. Challenge 85 (you). It will definitely pay off in the end. [来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K] 第二卷(共35分) 第一节. 单词(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分) 请按所给的首写字母(也有中文提示)或中文提示,每个空格只填一个 86. I must o__________ my life a bit better.(组织,安排) 87. He's in hospital, r____________ from a heart attack. (恢复) 88. Language is a means of for the e___________ of thought.(表达) 89. I am g_____________ to you for your help. (感激) 90. I r________________ her by her red hat. (认出) 91. The school was completely d________________ by fire.(毁灭) 92. The agency offers practical g______________ to people starting their own businesses.(指导) 93. I've known Barbara for years. Since we were babies, a_____________. (实际上) 94. He was s_______________ to three years in prison.被判刑 95. He p________________ his daughter to change her mind. (说服) 第二节 翻译句子(共10题,满分20分) 96.这是他第一次用电子邮件与笔友交流。(the first time, communicate with) 97.好朋友就是能和你分享快乐和忧伤的人。(share…with) 98.一直到奥运会在中国举行,世界才充分领略了中国文化的魅力。 (强调句It is…that…) 99.约翰要给捡到他钱包的出租司机一百元作为酬劳。(reward; wallet; who) 100.只在那时,他才意识到他错了。(Only then) 101.全体同学都要准时参加明天举行的会议。 102.百分之六十的旅客宁愿住在窗朝南的房间。(用定语从句) 103.2008年5月12日约下午两点半,距离成都159公里的汶川发生了一次强烈地震。 104.世界淡水资源十分有限,因此我们必须充分利用。 (make use of, resources) 105. 比起乘坐拥挤的公共汽车,他宁愿骑自行车。 (prefer to do sth rather than do sth) 答案 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分) 16-20 BDACB 21-25 BCDDC 26-30 ABCCD 31-35 FBEGC 第三部分 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分) 36-40 CADCB 41-45 ADBBC 46-50 BDCAB 51—55 DCADC 第四部分 单项选择(共20题,满分20分) 56-60. ABDDC 61-65.CACDC 66-70. BBCAC 71-75. DCBBC 第五部分:语法填空(共10小题;每小题1 分,满分10分) 76 of 77. different 78. movements 79. but 80. was 81. to like 82. That 83. greatly 84. doing 85. yourself 第二卷(共30分) [来源:学科网] 第一节. 单词(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)[来源:学#科#网] 86. organize 87. recovering 88. expression 89. grateful 90. recognized 91. destroyed 92. guidance 93. actually 94. sentenced 95. persuaded 第二节 翻译句子(共10题,满分20分) 96.This is the first time he has used e-mail to communicate with his pen pal. 97.A best friend is someone who can share happiness and sorrow with you. 98.It is not until the 29th Olympic Games were hosted in China that the world completely experience the charm of Chinese culture. 99.John wanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet. 100.Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 101.All the students are requested to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow on time. 102.Sixty percent of the travelers prefer to live in the rooms whose windows face south. 103.At about 2:30 pm on May 12, 2008, a strong earthquake struck Wenchuan, which is 159 kilometres away from Chengdu. 104.The world’s fresh water resources are very limited so we must make good use of them. 105.Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 查看更多