专题04形容词和副词（专题）-2017年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破

专题04形容词和副词（专题）-2017年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破

专题04形容词和副词（专题）‎ ‎2017年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破 ‎【2017年高考考纲解读】‎ 往年考查的重点是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法。近三年来考点开始涉及多个形容词作前置定语的排列顺序、形容词及形容词短语作状语，形容词和副词的词义比较和具体运用。要复习好这一块的知识，考生不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识，还要掌握同义词辨析和一词多义等重点知识。‎ ‎【重点知识梳理】‎ 一、形容词和副词的基本用法 ‎1．形容词在句中的作用。‎ ‎(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语。‎ ‎(2)形容词在句中也可作状语，用来表示主语所处的状态。‎ He was lying in bed，dead.‎ ‎(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语。如：‎ He is an ill man.(错)‎ The man is ill.(对)‎ She is an afraid girl.(错)‎ The girl is afraid.(对)‎ ‎(4)twoyearold/200metrelong/onethousandword等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只用作前置定语。如：‎ Tom is a twoyearold boy.‎ ‎2．副词在句中的作用。‎ 副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子。如：‎ Obviously you are wrong.‎ 二、常用连接性副词的用法 ‎1．though用作副词时，常在句末，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折意义。‎ ‎2．therefore“因此，所以”，表示结果。‎ ‎3．meanwhile“与此同时，在此期间”，表示前后分句的动作同时发生。‎ ‎4．moreover“另外”，表示承接关系。‎ ‎5．however“然而”，表示让步、转折，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。‎ ‎6．besides“另外；还有”，表示递进关系。‎ ‎7． instead“相反”，表示前后分句意义相反。‎ 三、形容词、副词的比较级及最高级 ‎1．平级比较 ‎(1)as＋形容词/副词原级＋as像……一样 ‎(2)as＋adj.＋a/an＋名词＋as像……一样的……‎ ‎(3)as much＋a/an＋名词＋as和……一样是……‎ ‎(4)not as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as...不如……那样……‎ ‎①Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)．‎ ‎＝Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is)．‎ Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。‎ ‎②It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.‎ 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。‎ ‎2．比较级 ‎(1)the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..越……，越……‎ The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.‎ 你越仔细，你犯的错误越少。‎ ‎(2)the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词，表示“两个中较……的”。‎ The taller of the two boys is my brother.‎ 这两个男孩中较高的是我哥哥。‎ ‎3．比较级的修饰词 常见的修饰词有much，a lot，a great deal，far，even，a bit, a little, any(否定句、疑问句中)，具体的数据等。‎ He is much taller than Yao Ming.‎ 他比姚明高多了。‎ 但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级；最高级常用by far/much或序数词作状语。如：‎ The population of China is by far the largest in the world.‎ Africa is the second largest continent.‎ ‎4．几种带有否定词的比较句型 ‎(1)no better than表示“和……一样；实际等于……”。例如：‎ The patient is no better than he was yesterday.‎ 病人的情况和昨天一样(不好)。‎ ‎(2)no more...than表示“同……一样不”。例如：‎ A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.‎ 鲸和马都不是鱼。‎ ‎(3)no less... than表示“和……一样；不逊于”。例如：‎ The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts.‎ 写作技巧和其他艺术技巧一样困难。‎ ‎5．比较级表达最高级含义 ‎(1)“否定词＋比较级”有最高级的含义。‎ Your story is perfect；I've never heard a better one before。‎ 你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听到比这更好听的故事。‎ ‎(2)比较级在以下几种句式中均表示最高级含义。‎ 比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋anyone else 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词 例如：朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)‎ ‎①Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.‎ ‎②Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.‎ ‎③Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.‎ ‎④Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.‎ ‎⑤Julia is the tallest girl in her class.‎ 四、倍数表达法 ‎1．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B ‎2．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B ‎3．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B ‎4．the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B ‎5．A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 长江是珠江的三倍长。(一句多译)‎ ‎①The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.‎ ‎②The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.‎ ‎③The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.‎ ‎④The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.‎ 五、形容词作定语时的位置 ‎1．通常置于所修饰的词之前，但不定代词的定语通常在后面。如：‎ Someone strange is asking to see you.‎ Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.‎ ‎2．else常放在不定代词和疑问代词后面作定语。如：‎ No one else can answer the question.‎ ‎3．多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途。如：‎ an expensive Japanese sports car, those three beautiful large square old brown wood table.‎ ‎【题型示例】‎ 题型一、单句改错 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ)Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady.‎ ‎【解析】steady→steadily　句意：相反，他希望他的生意能够稳步增长。grow“增长”是谓语动词，故用副词修饰。‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅲ)They were also the best and worse years in my life.‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅲ)At one time，I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.‎ ‎【解析】freely→free　句意：起初，我甚至感到我的父母不能理解我，所以我希望我能够远离他们。be是连系动词，其后要跟形容词作表语。‎ ‎4．(2016·四川)The dishes that I cooked were Mom's favoritest.‎ ‎【解析】favoritest→favorite　句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。favorite“最喜欢的”，没有比较级和最高级形式。‎ ‎5．(2016·四川)Mom was grateful and moving.‎ ‎【解析】moving→moved　moving“令人感动的”，moved“感动的”。根据语境可知，妈妈感到非常感动，故应用moved。‎ ‎6．(2015·新课标Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.‎ ‎7．(2015·新课标Ⅱ)He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.‎ ‎【解析】去掉very　句意：他非常喜欢它，于是很快走进了这家商店。在so...that...结构中，so后面的形容词不用very修饰。‎ ‎8．(2015·新课标Ⅱ)Dad and I were terrible worried.‎ ‎【解析】terrible→terribly　句意：爸爸和我都很焦虑。worried为形容词，修饰形容词时要用副词。‎ ‎9．(2015·陕西)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.‎ ‎【解析】better→best　句意：我妈妈做的是世界上最好的饼干，因此我决定请她帮忙。根据句子后面的限定范围in the world可知，须用最高级。‎ ‎10．(2015·浙江)On the lefthand side of the class，I could easy see the football field.‎ ‎【解析】easy→easily　句意：在班上的左手边，我能轻易地看到足球场。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰动词see，须用副词。‎ 题型二 单句填空 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，63)The title will be ________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.‎ ‎【解析】officially　句意：这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地被授予我。修饰动词应用副词形式。‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，41)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of ________(great)and less importance.‎ ‎【解析】greater　句意：如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话，那么你应该暂缓一下，识别哪些事情更重要，哪些不太重要。由and连接两个并列成分可知，great应与less并列，故用比较级greater。‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，47)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________(regular)．‎ ‎【解析】regularly　句意：近期的研究表明，如果有规律地短暂休息，我们的工作效率会更高。形容词通常在句中作定语或表语。此处修饰动词短语take short breaks，需用副词。来源:]‎ ‎4．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，66)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________(gradual)turned into chopsticks.‎ ‎【解析】gradually　句意：小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到，这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。‎ ‎5．(2016·四川，62)Chinese scientists ________(recent)had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.‎ ‎【解析】recently　句意：最近，中国的科学家有机会研究一只带着新出生的熊猫宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫。在句中作状语应用副词形式。‎ ‎6．(2016·四川，63)She was a very ________(care)mother.‎ ‎【解析】caring/careful　句意：她是一位非常体贴的/细心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。caring“体贴的，关心他人的”和careful“细心的”均符合语境。‎ ‎7．(2016·浙江，6)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short，he's ________(rely)．‎ ‎【解析】reliable　句意：那个年轻人很诚实，有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总会在那里。简而言之，他可以信赖。be 动词后面要接形容词作表语。‎ ‎8．(2016·浙江，18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________(many)in the coming years.‎ ‎【解析】more　句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动，并且希望未来的几年里参加更多的活动。此处暗含比较意义，故用比较级形式。‎ ‎9．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，62)A few hours ________，I'd been at home in Hong Kong，with its choking smog.‎ ‎10．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，69)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it________(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ ‎【解析】regularly　句意：……说它经常为住在上海和香港的人安排快速通道。此处需要一个副词修饰动词arranges。‎ ‎11．(2015·新课标Ⅱ，45)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat________(slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.‎ ‎【解析】slowly　句意：土坯的墙壁在热天能够吸收来自太阳的热量，并在寒冷的夜晚慢慢释放出那些热量，从而温暖房间。修饰动词短语give out要用副词。‎ ‎12．(2015·福建，23)It was ________(considerately)of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.‎ ‎【解析】considerate　句意：以防我们担心，迈克通知我们他耽搁了，他考虑得真周全。此处需要一个形容词作表语，形容人的特性。‎ ‎13．(2015·安徽，31)They gave money to the old people's home either ________(personal)or through their companies.‎ ‎【解析】personally　句意：他们通过个人或以公司的名义把钱送到老年之家。根据句意可知，这里需要一个副词修饰动词gave。‎ ‎14．(2015·四川，9)Little Tom sat ________(amaze)watching the monkey dancing in front of him.‎ ‎【解析】amazed　句意：小汤姆惊讶地坐在那儿观看猴子在他面前跳舞。此处用amazed说明主语的状态。‎ ‎15．(2015·重庆，10)Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68℃________ the average.‎ ‎【解析】above　句意：去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球的温度比平均温度高出了0.68度。根据上文的the warmest可知，应为above。above the average“超出平均数”。‎ 题型三 语法填空 ‎1.(2015·新课标Ⅱ，49/50)As ________(nature)architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ ‎【解析】　natural；how　句意：作为天生的建筑师，小城镇的印第安人精确地计算出土坯房的墙壁需要多厚来使这个循环在大部分时间运作。形容词修饰名词，natural“天生的”；第二空填how表示程度，意为“多么”，后面接形容词或副词。‎ ‎2. (2014·新课标Ⅰ，66)Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ________ (clean)than ever.‎