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2020届一轮复习外研版选修8Module4WhichEnglish单元学案(20页)
(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 1.ancestor n. 祖先,前辈 2.bilingual adj. 双语的;会讲两种语言的_ 3.ambiguous adj. 歧义的;含糊的 4.telegraph n. 电报 5.betray v. 对……不忠 6.prejudice n. 偏见;歧视 7.rhythm n. 节奏;韵律 8.straightforward adj. 简单的,易懂的 9.unique adj. 独一无二的;独特的 10.concept n. 概念;观念 11.potential adj. 潜在的;可能的 12.classify v. 将……分类 13.status n. 地位 14.flavour n. 特点,特色;情调 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 1.matter v.[纵联1] 重要,要紧;有关系 2.count v. 很重要;很有价值 3.relevant adj. 有关的;切题的 4.conflict n. 抵触;冲突 5.select v. 挑选,选择 6.dilemma n. 进退两难的境地;困难的抉择 7.superior adj. 更好的;更强的 8.debate n. 讨论;辩论 9.acquire v. 得到,获得 10.furthermore adv. 此外,而且 11.convey v. 传达,传递 12.withdraw v. 收回;撤销(说过的话) 13.reject v. 拒绝接受 14.overcome v. 征服;战胜 15.splendid adj. 极好的,优秀的 16.candidate n. 投考者,应考人 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 1.instantly adv.立即,马上→instant adj.立刻的,马上的n.立刻,片刻 2.recognisable adj.能辨认的,能认出的→recognise v.认出;承认→recognition n.认可;辨认 3.revolution n.革命→revolute v.参加革命→revolutionary adj.革命的→revolutionist 革命者;革命家 4.investigate v.调查→investigation n.调查;研究 [纵联2] 5.complain v.抱怨;不满→complaint_ n.抱怨;牢骚;投诉 6.convinced adj.确信的,信服的→convincing adj.有说服力的;令人信服的→convince vt.使确信,使信服 7.association n.联系→associate v.使发生联系→associated adj .有联系的 8.significance n.意义;含义;重要性→significant adj.有意义的;重要的 9.oppose v.反对→opposition n.反对→opposite adj.相反的;对面的 [纵联3] 10.resist v.反抗;抵抗→resistance n.反抗;抵抗→resistant adj.抵抗的 11.approval n.赞许;赞成→approve v.赞同,赞成;批准,认可 [纵联4] 12.curiosity n.好奇心→curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地 13.initially adv.起初→initial adj.起初的 14.tendency n.趋向;倾向→tend v.趋向;易于;照顾 15.fascination n.着迷,迷恋;吸引力→fascinate v.使着迷→fascinating adj.迷人的;吸引人的 纵联1.“重要”的很多 ①matter v. 重要,要紧;有关系 ②count v. 很有价值;很重要 ③key adj. 关键的 ④vital adj. 至关重要的 ⑤primary adj. 主要的 ⑥important adj. 重要的 ⑦essential adj. 基本的;必要的 ⑧fundamental adj. 必不可少的;十分重要的 ⑨significant adj. 重要的 纵联2.含后缀ate的动词荟萃 ①investigate调查 ②accumulate积累 ③advocate提倡;拥护 ④circulate传播;循环 ⑤cooperate合作 ⑥accelerate加速 ⑦illuminate阐明 ⑧fascinate使着迷 纵联3.有几个“反对”? ①oppose vt.反对 ②object vi.反对 ③disapprove vt.反对;不同意 ④disagree vi.不同意 ⑤object to反对 ⑥be opposed to反对 纵联4.你会“赞成”吗? ①approval n.赞许;赞成 ②approve v.赞许;赞成 ③agree v.同意,赞成 ④agreement n.同意 ⑤agree with同意,赞成 ⑥favour n.赞同,支持 单元话题——英语 子话题1 语言知识 ①alphabet n.字母;字母表 ②vocabulary n.词汇 ③expression n.词语,措辞 ④idiom n.成语,习语 ⑤passage n.(一)段(文章) ⑥accent n.口音,腔调 ⑦pronunciation n.发音 ⑧stress n.重音 ⑨proverb n.格言,谚语 ⑩grammar n.语法 ⑪term n.术语;条目 ⑫spelling n.拼写;拼法 子话题2 语言运用 ①loanword n.外来词 ②usage n.使用,用法 ③dictation n.听写 ④input v.输入 ⑤output v.输出 ⑥recite v.背诵 ⑦retell v.复述 ⑧preview v.预习 ⑨review v.复习 ⑩memorize v.记忆 ⑪command n.& v.掌握 ⑫fluent adj.流利地 [学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用 1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its___❶__(significant), and its potential❷ as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures. ①用significant的正确形式填空:significance ②写出potential在句中的词性和含义:n.潜能 2.(2016·北京高考阅读A)However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became __❶__ (curiosity) about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant❷ precollege courses. ①用curiosity的正确形式填空:curious ②写出relevant在句中的含义:有关的;其常用搭配be relevant to意为:与……密切相关 高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用 (根据汉语及提示词翻译句子) 1.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)只要它有趣且有教育意义,你可以写任何有关的东西。(relevant) You_can_write_anything_relevant_so_long_as_it's_interesting_and_informative. 2.(2014·重庆高考写作)它贵不贵重不重要,真正重要的是它是否来自你的内心深处。(matter) It_doesn't_matter_whether_it_is_expensive_or_not._What_really_matters_is_whether_it_comes_from_your_inner_heart. (二)课堂重点释疑 1.debate n.讨论;辩论vi.辩论;争论 [记牢] (1)be under debate 正在讨论中 hold/have a debate about/over/on 举行一场关于……的辩论 (2)debate on/about/over ... 就……进行辩论 debate about sth. with sb. 和某人就某事辩论 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①Whether pollution is directly linked to the disease is under debate. ②We are having a debate about/over/on this topic. [写美] 翻译句子 ③(2017·北京高考书面表达)我们就往视频里放什么进行了讨论。 We_debated_over/on/about_what_to_put_into_the_video. [联想] 表示“讨论、争论”的其他词还有:discuss; discussion; argue; argument等。 2.convinced adj.确信的,信服的 [记牢] (1)be convinced of/that ... 相信/确信…… (2)convince vt. 使确信,使信服 convince sb.of/that ... 使某人相信…… convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 (3)convincing adj. 有说服力的;令人信服的 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health. ②Oscar convinced the manager to_look (look) in the record of advance ticket sales. ③I have to know what the reality is so I can be more convincing (convince) in the writing. [写美] 补全句子 ④这张照片使我相信当一个好女儿比当一名“好”学生更重要。 The_picture_convinces_me_that it is even more important to be a good daughter than a “good” student. [联想] 英语中表示“对……相信”的表达还有:believe; believe in; trust; have a faith in等。 3.oppose v.反对;与……对抗 [记牢] (1)oppose (sb./sb.'s ) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事 (2)opposed adj. 相反的;对立的;反对的 be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 (3)opposite adj. 相反的;对面的;对立的 n. 对立面 prep. 在……的对面 adv. 在对面 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①I have been consistently opposed to_feeding (feed) a baby regularly. ②Lily's mother remained strongly opposed (oppose) to the idea of Lily's going abroad for a further study. 补全句子 ③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Many farmers opposed_the_plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. 许多农民反对这个计划,因为他们担心狼会杀死他们的农场动物或宠物。 [用准] oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时,后面要用动名词形式。be opposed to结构中,to是介词,其后要用动词的ing形式。 [写美] 补全句子 ④好习惯总是通向高效率,然而坏习惯则带来相反的结果。 Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while_bad_ones_bring_the_opposite. [词汇过关综合训练] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.I will invite some famous professors to give lectures for our students so that we can acquire (获得) a lot of knowledge. 2.Tom's superior (更强的;更好的) technique brought him victory. 3.I'm in a dilemma (进退两难的境地) about this job offer. 4.Moreover, the candidates (应考人) should be willing to keep good relations with others. 5.Furthermore (此外), the school should make a rule to guide the students to use electronic devices in a proper way. 6.Westerners use the whole face to convey (传递) emotion while easterners use the eyes more. 7.The leader promised to support the plan; you can't withdraw (收回) now. 8.But being rejected (拒绝接受) doesn't mean someone isn't liked or valued. 9.Can you give me some advice on how to overcome (战胜) the fear? 10.Conflicts (冲突) with others are common in everyday life. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.Thus I began to recognise (recognisable) the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class. 2.TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary (revolution) noise reduction ear tip. 3.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation (investigate), or they would have come to our help. 4.Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. 5.Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant(significance) role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. 6.They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity (curious) about scientific discoveries. 7.Some think that a woman's body cells have a tendency (tend) to age more slowly than a man's. 8.I have always been_fascinated (fascination) by the stars, the planets, the sky and the universe. Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子 1.最近,我们的英语俱乐部对我们是否应该在元宵节放烟火进行了一次讨论。(debate) Recently our English Club has_had/held_a_debate_about_whether_we_should_set_off_fireworks at the Lantern Festival. 2.这幅图画试图使我们相信一个事实:很多年轻人正在每天的生活中丧失他们基本的亲自动手的能力。(convince) The picture is trying to_convince_us_of_a_fact that many of the young are losing their basic handson ability in everyday life. 3.正如图表显示的那样,他们中70%的人反对这个专家的观点。(oppose) Just as the pie chart shows, 70% of them are_opposed_to/_oppose_the_expert's_view. 4.我们必须要投诉你最近寄给我们的产品的质量。(complain) We must complain_about_the_quality_of_the_goods that you recently sent us. 5.只有通过诚实劳动获得的财富才能带来幸福。(acquire) Only when wealth is_acquired_by_means_of_honest_labor can it bring happiness. (一)课前自主学习 1.tell_..._apart 区分开 2.as_long_as [串记1] 只要 3.lie_in 在于 4.in_conclusion [串记2] 总之;总而言之 5.a_huge_number_of_ 大量的(修饰可数名词) 6.get_down_to_sth. [串记3] 开始做某事 7.let_sb._down_ 使某人失望 8.or_rather_ 更确切地说,倒不如说 9.complain_about 对……抱怨 10.be_relevant_to 与……有关 [同根短语串记] 串记1.“只要”你能想到 ①as/so long as只要 ②if only只要;要是 ③on condition that如果;假如 ④provided that如果;只要 串记2.“总之”说法多 ①in conclusion ②(all) in all ③in a word ④in short/brief ⑤in general ⑥as a whole 串记3.“开始做某事”短语朋友多 ①get down to (doing) sth. ②settle down to sth. ③set about doing sth. ④set out to do sth. ⑤start/begin to do/doing sth. 1.many varieties of 许多种 2.across the world 遍布世界 3.come up to 走近 4.have a powerful influence in 对……影响大 5.turn the world into a “global village” 把世界变成“地球村” 6.trade with 与……做买卖 7.adapt to local conditions 适应当地条件 8.have a tendency to 有……的趋势/倾向 1.In this sense everybody's use of language — whether_English, Chinese, or any other — is different. 从这种意义上来说,每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语还是任何其他语言——都是不同的。 2.Perhaps correctness doesn't matter — as long as speakers can understand each other —it's_communication_that_counts. 也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。 3.English has a huge number of colorful and splendid expressions which may be_difficult_to_understand. 英语中有大量绚烂而华丽但可能很难懂的表达。 [学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷(一) 阅读中的短语(补全句子) 1.(2018·北京高考阅读C)So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie_in (在于) the stomachs of some hungry worms. 2.(2018·天津高考阅读D)One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining_about (抱怨) how cold it would be. (二)写作中的短语和句式(补全句子) 1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)首先,我建议你提前学习唐朝的历史,这可能会比较容易理解将要学习的诗歌。(主语+be+adj.+to do ...) Firstly, I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which_may_be_much_easier_to_understand the poems to be learned. 2.(2014·浙江高考书面表达)正是科学书刊才能帮助我们更好地理解科学,引起我们对科学发现的好奇心。(强调句型) It_was_science_books_that_help_us_understand science better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries. (二)课堂重点释疑 [短语集释] 1.tell ... apart区分开 [记牢] (1)tell A from B 把A和B区分开来 (2)take ... apart 把……拆开 set ... apart 使分离 fall apart 破碎;土崩瓦解;破产 (3)apart from 除……之外;此外 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①One year, through a series of unhappy events, my dream fell apart. ②(2017·天津高考书面表达)Apart from my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I'm interested in. [写美] 补全句子 ③许多新汽车看上去很相似,不大可能把它们区分开来。 Most new cars look so similar that it's impossible_to_tell_them_apart. 2.let sb. down使某人失望 [记牢] let alone 更不用说;更谈不上 let off 让……下车;宽恕;使爆炸 let out 使出去;放出;泄露;发出(声音) let go (of) 放手,松手,放开;释放 let in 放进,让……进来;容许;许可 [练通] 用适当的介、副词填空 ①When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. ②I can tell you the truth, but you must promise not to let out the secret. ③The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day. [写美] 补全句子 ④我向你表达感谢,并且我会信守承诺,不会让你失望。 I express my thanks to you and I'll keep_my_promise_and_not_let_you_down. [句式集释] 主语+be+adj.+to do ...句式 [教材原句] English has a huge number of colorful and splendid expressions which_may_be_difficult_to_understand. [悟拓展例句] (1)Today's homework was_easy_to_do,_so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play. 今天的作业容易做,因此迈克很快就完成作业然后出去玩耍了。 (2)Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is_hard_to_get_along_with. 尽管这位女士看上去很优雅,但实际上却很难与她相处。 [析用法规则] 用法归纳 (1)句型:主语+be+adj.+不定式 (2)特点:不定式用主动形式表示被动意义 (3)条件:使用此结构须具备两个前提条件:①不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系;②常用形容词有:difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。 注意事项 在此结构中,若不定式为不及物动词,其后应该加相应的介词。 [背写作佳句] (1)(2016·四川高考书面表达)Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favorite. The morning air is so good to breathe.(开头句) (2)Even though the problem was difficult to solve, I didn't give up. Because I firmly believed that “Where there is a will, there is a way.”(要点句) [词块、句式过关综合训练] Ⅰ.选词填空 as long as, lie in, in conclusion, get down to, or rather, complain about, be relevant to, a huge number of, let sb. down, tell ... apart 1.The children are learning to eat. Or_rather,_they are learning table manners. 2.I don't mind your delaying making the decision as_long_as it is not too late. 3.I'm now writing to complain_about the service of your hotel. 4.The two brothers look so much alike that it is difficult to tell them apart. 5.The girl wants to find a person who is worth depending on and won't let her down. 6.The final examination is coming up soon. We'd better get_down_to preparing for it. 7.The number of the people invited to the meeting is fifty, a_huge_number_of whom are artists. 8.As a matter of fact, happiness doesn't lie_in how much property you own. 9.Many customs and traditional ways of behavior are no longer relevant_to the modern life. 10.Learning foreign languages calls for your memory, time, patience and emotions. In_conclusion,_it is not a simple thing. Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 1.在英国,我们有这样的一个说法:思想才重要。(强调句型) In England, we have a saying: It's_the_thought_that_counts. 2.不管开心还是难过,她总是试着保持微笑。(whether ... or ...) Whether_happy_or_sad,_she always tries to keep smiling. 3.人们在这些地方定居下来,因为他们容易到达,而且自然地适合沟通和贸易。(主语+be+adj.+to do ...) People settle in these places because_they_are_easy_to_get_to and naturally suited to communications and trade. Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华,在光明中学读书,在高中学习英语的过程中遇到一些问题,想得到老师的帮助,并想给班级的英语老师提一些建议,以帮助自己学好英语。请你结合自己的实际情况给英语老师写一封求助信,内容如下: 1.学习英语时遇到的问题:生词多,课文长,记忆有难度; 2.请老师介绍一些学习英语的好方法; 3.向英语老师提出建议。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 第一步:准确审题,理行文脉络,拟写作要点 1.审题:①文体:求助信 ②人称:主要是第一人称 ③时态:主要是一般现在时 2.结构:第一段:自我介绍并点明写信目的;第二段:说明自己在学习中遇到的一些问题并向英语老师提出请求(期望得到什么帮助);第三段:表述期盼回复。 3.拟点:通过研读题目,根据写作背景介绍和要求可知本文应包括以下内容:开头:写信希望得到老师的帮助;要点1点明自己遇到的困难:我发现课文满是生词,难以记忆;课文太长,难以背诵;要点2向英语老师提出请求(介绍一些学习英语的好方法和请求讲课慢一点);结尾期望得到答复。 开头语:我是李华,我写信给您想寻求一些帮助。 My_name_is_Li_Hua.I'm_writing_to_you_to_ask_for_some_help. 要点1-①:我在学习英语方面遇到很多困难。 I_have_met_with_many_difficulties_in_learning_English. 要点1-②:我发现我们的课文满是生词,对我来说难以记忆。 I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words_and_they_are_difficult_for_me_to_remember. 要点1-③:这些课文对我来说如此长以至于我无法背诵。(too ...to ...) The_texts_are_too_long_for_me_to_recite. 要点2-①:您能给我们介绍一些学习新单词的好方法吗? Would_you_like_to_introduce_to_us_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words? 要点2-②:我请求您讲课文更慢一点。(beg) I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly. 结尾语:期望得到您的答复。 Looking_forward_to_your_reply. 第二步:添加细节,文意更丰满,表达更亮眼 为了使行文连贯、满足题目要求,我们需要补充一些要点和添加细节。例如: 1.在表达要点1-②时可以用定语从句进行升级。 2.在要点1和要点2之间补充衔接句,从而使说明自己的困难自然而然衔接到请求老师关于学习方法的帮助上。 3.在要点2-①、2-②中添加介绍好方法会带来的结果及课文讲慢会带来的结果,可使用so that结果状语从句。 4.在要点3后可增加结论句:我确信在您的帮助下,我在英语学习方面能取得大的进步。 升级要点1-②:我发现我们的课文满是生词,对我来说记住它们很难。(用that引导的定语从句) I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words_that_are_difficult_for_me_to_remember. 补充衔接句:因为面对着如此多的困难,所以我不得不向您寻求关于学习方法的帮助。(过去分词短语作状语) Faced_with_so_many_difficulties,_I_have_to_ask_you_for_some_help_about_learning_methods. 拓展要点2-①:您能给我们介绍一些学习新单词的好方法以便我们更容易记住它们吗?(用so that引导的结果状语从句) Would_you_like_to_introduce_to_us_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words_so_that_we_can_remember_them_more_easily? 拓展要点2-②:我请求您讲课文更慢一点,这样大多数学生就能很容易地跟上。(用so that引导的结果状语从句) I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly_so_that_most_of_the_students_can_easily_follow_you. 补充结论句:我确信在您的帮助下,我在英语学习方面能取得大的进步。(make progress) I'm_sure_that_I_can_make_great_progress_in_my_English_study_with_your_help. 第三步:连句成文,排语句顺序,重衔接过渡 求助信的开头应该开门见山指出写信的目的,下面再陈述问题和提出寻求帮助。要点之间可采用一些过渡词,如besides, in the meanwhile等把基本要点和拓展要点有机地连接起来,以提高文章的逻辑性。 Dear_teacher, My_name_is_Li_Hua._I'm_writing_to_you_to_ask_for_some_help._I_have_met_with_many_difficulties_in_learning_English._I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words_that_are_difficult_for_me_to_remember._Besides,_the_texts_are_too_long_for_me_to_recite. Faced_with_so_many_difficulties,_I_have_to_ask_you_for_some_ help_about_learning_methods._Would_you_like_to_introduce_to_us_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words_so_that_we_can_remember_them_more_easily?_In_the_meanwhile,_I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly_so_that_most_of_the_students_can_easily_follow_you._I'm_sure_that_I_can_make_great_progress_in_my_English_study_with_your_help. Looking_forward_to_your_reply. Yours, Li_Hua查看更多