【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三（23页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三（23页word版）

2019 届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题 10 篇训练之三 [一] Every day born a decade from now will have its genetic code(基因编 码)mapped at birth, the head of the world’s leading genome sequencing(基因图谱)company has predicted. A complete DNA read – out for every newborn will be technically possible and affordable in less than five years, promising a revolution in healthcare, says Jay Flatley, the chief executive of Illumina. Only social and legal problems are likely to delay the age of “genome sequences,” or genetic profiles. By 2019 it will have become routine to map infants’ genes when they are born, Dr Flatly told The Times. This will open a new approach to medicine, by which conditions such as high blood pressure and heart disease can be predicted and prevented and drugs used more safely and effectively. A baby’s genome can be discovered at birth by a blood test. By examining a person’s genome, it is possible to identify raised risks of developing diseases such as cancers. Those at high risk can then be screened more regularly, or given drugs or dietary advice to lower their chances of becoming ill. Personal genomes could also be used to ensure that patients get the medicine that is most likely to work for them and least likely to have side – effects. The development, however, will raise legal concerns about privacy and access to individuals’ genetic records. “Bad things can be done with the genome. It could predict something about someone – and you could possibly hand the information to their employer or their insurance company.” said Dr Flatley. “People have to recognize that this horse is out of the barn, and that your genome probably can’t be protected, because everywhere you go you leave your genome behind. Complete genetic privacy, however, is unlikely to be possible”, he added. As the benefits become clearer, however, he believes that most people will want their genomes read and interpreted. The risk is nothing compared with the gain. 4. In the first two paragraphs, the author mainly wants to tell us about__________. A. the significant progress in medicine B. the promise of a leading company C. the information of babies’ genes D. the research of medical scientists 5. Which of the following is a problem caused by this approach? A. The delaying in discovering DNA. B. The risk of developing diseases at birth. C. The side effects of medicine on patients. D. The letting out of personal genetic information. 6. What does the underlined sentence “… this horse is out of the barn” mean? A. Genetic mapping technique has been widely used. B. people can’t stop genetic mapping technique advancing. C. People are eager to improve genetic mapping technique. D. Genetic mapping technique is too horrible to control. 7. What’s Dr Flatley’s attitude towards the technology? A. Tolerant. B. Conservative. C. Positive. D. Doubtful. 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 【解析】本文介绍了一项医学上的重大进步，即 DNA 技术在医疗上的应用。 4. A 目的意图题。根据前两段告诉我们在不到五年的时间里，每一个新生儿的完整的 DNA解读将在技术上是可行的和担负得起的，这预示着医疗保健领域的一场革命。 可知这是在告诉我们一项医学上的重大进步。故选 A. 5. D 细节理解题：根据第六段 The development, however, will raise legal concerns about privacy and access to individuals’ genetic records.可知， 这种方法带来的问题就是它可能会泄露个人的基因信息。故选 D. 6. B 猜测词句题：根据倒数第二段划线句所在段 and that your genome probably can’t be protected, because everywhere you go you leave your genome behind. Complete genetic privacy, however, is unlikely to be possible”, he added.所说：因为无论你走到哪里，你都会留下你的基因组。因 此完全的基因隐私是不可能的，这是你自己不能控制的。可知猜测出本句的意思 是：人不能阻止遗传作图技术的推进。故选 B. 7. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段所说：然而，随着利益的明朗化，他相信大多数人都 希望他们的基因组能够被阅读和解释。这与收益相比风险又是什么。可以推断出 作者对此技术是积极的态度。故选 C. 【名师点睛】 猜测词句题要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验， 正确判断生词词组的含义或熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的 意思。使用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关 系是关键所在。例如第 3 小题词句理解题：词句理解题：根据倒数第二段划线句 所在段 and that your genome probably can’t be protected, because everywhere you go you leave your genome behind. Complete genetic privacy, however, is unlikely to be possible”, he added.所说：因为无论你走到哪 里，你都会留下你的基因组。因此完全的基因隐私是不可能的，这是你自己不能 控制的。可知猜测出本句的意思是：人不能阻止遗传作图技术的推进。故选 B. [二] Although Paris is often considered the city of romance, close to a million adults who call it home are single. Many single people say that France’s capital is one of the most difficult places to meet people. The complaints(抱怨) of this lonely group have inspired a new phenomenon known as “supermarket dating.” At Galerie Lafayette Gourmet, singles can shop for more than just the items on their grocery list. They can look for someone who has blue eyes, brown hair, and is 1.8 meters tall, or whatever may be on their romantic shopping list. At this Paris location, single people of all ages can schedule their shopping for Thursday nights between 6:30 and 9:00 p.m. When they walk through the door, they pick up a purple basket to advise that they are looking for love. They try to arrive early because the baskets disappear quickly, and then they have to wait in line for their turn to wander the store aisles(过道) . With purple baskets in hand, shoppers can consider their romantic options while they pick out their groceries. When they are ready to pay, they can go to the checkout line for singles who want to chat. Most of the people who look for love in the supermarket are skeptical of Internet dating. They know that it is easy to embellish(美化) one’s appearance or to lie about one’s age over the Internet. The supermarket, on the other hand, is considered a safe and casual environment in which to meet a potential match. In addition, what one finds in another’s grocery basket can say a thing or two about that person’s character or intentions. Buying pet food can be a man’s way of showing a potential match that he has a sensitive side. Women who fill their baskets with low-fat food show their healthy style of living. These days it’s possible to find much more than food at a grocery store. 8. What do many single people in Pairs complain about? A. The difficulty in meeting people. B. The idea of supermarket dating. C. The items on their grocery list. D. The inconvenience in shopping. 9. Which of the following can be inferred but is not clearly stated in the second paragraph? A. The dating supermarket is located in Paris. B. The dating supermarket is open only on Thursday evenings. C. People looking for love must get a basket of a particular color D. The dating supermarket has very good business. 10. How do love shoppers meet one another? A. They schedule their meeting in advance. B. They go through a special checkout. C. They pick out their groceries with great care. D. They dial the phone numbers on their shopping items. 11. Why do the people prefer the supermarket dating to Internet dating? A. The supermarket dating is more convenient. B. The supermarket dating is more casual. C. The supermarket dating can be trusted more. D. The supermarket dating is less expensive. 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C 【解析】本文主要介绍为了满足巴黎单身人士的需求，出现的约会超市的情况， 人们如何寻找自己的理想伴侣，如何和他们见面，怎样赢得对方的好感。同时也 介绍了这种方法和网上交友相比更可靠。 8. A 细节理解题。根据第一段 Many single people say that France’s capital is one of the most difficult places to meet people.可知，很多单身汉认为在 巴黎很难接触到人。故选 A. 9. D 推理判断题。根据第二段 They try to arrive early because the baskets disappear quickly, and then they have to wait in line for their turn to wander the store aisles(过道).可知，巴黎单身的人很喜欢这种约会超市，它 的生意就好。故选 D. 10. B 细节理解题。根据第三段 When they are ready to pay， they can go to the checkout line for singles who want to chat.可知，这些人是在专门的收银台见 面。故选 B. 11. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段：The supermarket, on the other hand, is considered a safe and casual environment in which to meet a potential match. 可知，超市和网上比更值得信任。故选 C. [三] In today’s society, language plays a key role in defining gender (性别) by vocabulary, and also the non­verbal (非语言的) vocabulary. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obviously different between men and women. Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women. It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men; this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely, and more quickly than men. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting, as opposed to the thirteen­minute average it took men to describe it. Men and women also tend to have a very different nonverbal way of communicating, which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite sex is trying to say. Men ’ s body language is much more reserved when they are talking to women. Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they generally stay farther away from women when talking to them. Men avoid other people’s body space while talking, and they also tend to sit back when talking. All of these have given off the impression of disinterest or boredom. Women are by far better listeners and much more enjoyable to talk with and they tend to raise more topics for conversation. Women also make it clearer whether or not the conversation is going somewhere or just stuck in neutral. After learning about our styles of communicating with each other, I have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating, what fun would it be if we all spoke the same “language”？ The little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost. The question everyone asks himself or herself after talking with someone of the opposite sex, “I wonder if there’ s something there？” would no longer exist. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了男性和女性因性别差异而导 致在沟通方式上也有所不同的现象。 ★13.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The differences between men’s and women’s languages. B．The different speed of men’s and women’s speech. C．The ability of men’s and women’s spoken language. D．The non­verbal vocabulary of men and women. 解析：选 B　代词指代题。由 this 承接第二段中的“It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men”可推知，此处的 this 指 代女性比男性说话快的现象，故选 B。 14．In what way do men and women differ according to the third paragraph? A．Speed of understanding. B．Understanding of speech roles. C．Politeness of communication. D．Application of body language. 解析：选 D　推理判断题。根据第三段的整体内容，尤其是该段第二句 “Men’s body language is much more reserved when they are talking to women.” 可推知，本段主要讲的是男性和女性在非语言表达方式上的不同，即肢体语言使 用上的差异，故选 D。 15．What is the best title for the text? A．Women, born excellent talkers B．Men’s and women’s social roles C．Vocabulary and communication D．Opposite gender, different language 解析：选 D　标题归纳题。根据第一段的话题导入，并结合全文的整体内容 可推知，本文主要讲的是男性和女性因性别差异而导致在沟通方式上也有所不同， 故选 D。 [四] Chinese scientists have cloned monkeys using the same technique used in cloning Dolly the sheep two decades ago, breaking a technical barrier to the door to copying humans. Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, two long­tailed macaques (猕猴), are exactly the same. They were born eight and six weeks ago, making them the first primates (灵长目动物) to be cloned, which include monkeys, apes and humans. It was achieved through a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)． Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Neuroscience in Shanghai said their work should be a contribution to medical research by making it possible to study diseases in populations of cloned monkeys. But it also brings the possibility of cloning to the doorstep of our own species (物种)． “Humans are primates. So for the cloning of primate species, including humans, the technical barrier is now broken，” Muming Poo, who helped direct the program, told reporters in a conference call. “The reason why we broke this barrier is to produce animal models that are useful for medicine, for human health. There is no intention to apply this method to humans.” Since Dolly was born in Scotland in 1996, scientists have successfully used SCNT to clone more than 20 other species, including cows, pigs, dogs, rabbits, cats and mice. Similar work on primates, however, had always failed, leading some experts to wonder if primates were resistant. The new research, published on Wednesday in the journal Cell, shows that is not the case. The Chinese team succeeded, after many attempts, by switching on or off certain genes that were concerned with embryo (胚胎) development. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。2018 年 1 月 25 日两只克隆猴登上国际权 威学术杂志《细胞》，克隆猴“中中”和“华华”在中国诞生。中国科学家成功 克隆猴子，在克隆领域取得重大突破。 5．Why is it a big breakthrough to have monkeys cloned? A．It is more difficult to clone monkeys than other species. B．More advanced techniques have been used in the process. C．Cloning monkeys makes it far more likely to clone humans. D ． Monkeys are the first species to be cloned after Dolly the sheep. 解析：选 C　推理判断题。根据第一段的“breaking a technical barrier to the door to copying humans”，第三段最后一句和第四段第一、二句可知，中 国科学家克隆出灵长目动物使得克隆人类成为可能。 6 ． What ’ s the aim of their new research according to Chinese researchers? A．To learn more about primates. B．To contribute to medicine. C．To help rare animals survive. D．To prepare for cloning humans. 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据第四段的“The reason why we broke this barrier is ...apply this method to humans.”可知，中国科学家克隆猴子的 目的是让这一技术更好地服务于医学和人类健康。 ★7.What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Primates can’t be cloned at all. B．Dolly the sheep can’t be cloned again. C．Research on primates failed many times. D．Scientists have cloned many species. 解析：选 A　代词指代题。此处 that 指上一段中所说的“由于克隆灵长目 动物的多次失败，导致部分科学家怀疑灵长目动物是不能被克隆的”这一说法。 8．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．More species will be cloned in the future B．Animal models are useful for human health C．New findings about primates are quite unexpected D．Chinese scientists break a key barrier by cloning monkeys 解析：选 D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，中国科学家成功克隆了猴子，在 克隆领域取得重大突破，这将为人类医学做出更大的贡献。 [五] Ask anyone who lives in an apartment in a crowded city and they’ ll likely tell you space is their biggest problem. Those living in even smaller rooms know the headache well. Boston­based start­up Ori is out to solve it with a system that uses robotics and apartment furniture to change small spaces in seconds. The company’s new system is also called Ori, which is named for the Japanese word “origami”， the art of folding paper. The new system makes your furniture change small space from living rooms into bedrooms and even workspaces with the push of a button. Ori comes from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Media Lab, which helps companies create a better future for people. Ori is working with developers Boston Properties, Skanska and Samuels Associates to install (安装) the furniture in high­end apartments in Boston. It is working with designer Yves Béhar on the furniture designs. The Boston models are being rented on Airbnb, an online company offering people rentals, so Ori can collect information about what users think of the system and improve it in the future. “The system will be put on the market in the near future，” said founder and CEO Hasier Larrea. All of Ori ’ s product is made in the United States, and the furniture is actually more expensive to make than the robotics. Assembly (组装) is simple — the units can be put together in just a day. The biggest challenge for this team is making the system feel and look personal. “We have created these amazing robots with amazing abilities，” Larrea said. “But when you bring a system into a home, it can’t look like a robot.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种名为 Ori 的新型机器人家具， 能够把屋子随意变成客厅、卧室和办公室。 ★1.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The pain in the head. B．Crowdedness in cities. C．The poor housing condition. D．Space shortage in the house. 解析：选 D　代词指代题。根据第一段的内容可知，此处 it 指代的是在拥 挤的城市中，人们缺少足够的居住空间这一问题。 2．How does Ori help its users? A．By keeping their apartments clean. B．By making their rooms functional. C．By offering them a big place to work. D．By increasing storage space at home. 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，这种新家具系统可以让 房间实现多功能性。 3．What do we know about the new system Ori? A．It is being tested now. B．It can be ordered on Airbnb. C．It has been popular in Boston. D．It was designed by Yves Béhar. 解析：选 A　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，这种新型的机器人家具 还处于试验、改进阶段，不久的将来将会投入市场。 4．What will the company focus on in the future? A．Lowering the cost as much as possible. B．Simplifying the units of its product. C．Making Ori more human­friendly. D．Developing more advanced robots. 解析：选 C　推理判断题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知，该公司正在努力 让这种机器人家具变得更个性化、人性化。 [六] Amazon is breaking into physical retail in a new way. The online retail giant revealed a new kind of physical store concept in a video published on Monday. The store, called Amazon Go, doesn't work like a typical Walmart or supermarket. Instead, it's designed so that shoppers will use an app, also called Amazon Go, to automatically add the products that they plan to buy to a digital shopping cart by scanning a QR code(二维码). They can then walk out of the building without waiting in a checkout line because Amazon will charge their Amazon account and send them a receipt. The first Amazon Go store is located in Seattle, where Amazon is headquartered. For years, there have been rumors the e-commerce company would expand its dominance from digital to physical shopping. Amazon began experimenting with physical bookstores a year ago, but Amazon Go may mark its boldest bet on physical ones yet. By removing much of the staff needed to operate a store, Amazon keeps costs lower than traditional competitors. It's also in a strong position to bring together data on its customers' shopping habits online and offline to make better suggestions in all situations. However, Amazon's move deeper into physical retail shops comes in a sensitive political climate. The company could be perceived as being a threat to some of the 3.4 million Americans who work as cashiers, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. On the campaign trail, Donald Trump repeatedly criticized Amazon and its founder Jeff Bezos for “getting away with murder tax-wise” and having “a huge antitrust(反垄断) problem.” Will the President& shy; elect add “job killer” to the list of criticisms? Amazon's effort to launch a new kind of retail store predates(在……之前) the rise of Donald Trump. “Four years ago we asked ourselves: what if we could create a shopping experience with no lines and no checkout? Could we push the boundaries of computer vision and machine learning to create a store where customers could simply take what they want and go?” The company says on an informational page about Amazon Go. For now, Amazon is starting slow. The Amazon Go is only open to Amazon employees in our Beta program, and is scheduled to open to the public in early 2017. 4. In Amazon Go, people can ________ . A. buy products by paying cash B. buy carts without scanning a QR code C. have no bother to check out and queue D. use an app to wait in a checkout line 5. What can we infer from the third paragraph? A. Amazon has dominated the physical bookstores. B. Amazon can contribute to reducing the cost of staff. C. Amazon manages to take the place of physical shopping. D. Amazon can ignore each customer's advice in all situations. 6. The reason why Donald Trump repeatedly criticized Amazon Go is that Amazon Go ________ . A. would result in a political crisis B. would threaten the career of cashiers C. may result in a huge antitrust D. is No.1 job killer in the list of criticisms 7. The main purpose of writing the passage is ________ . A. to introduce the Amazon Go store B. to explain how Amazon Go works C. to arouse people's interest in Amazon D. to indicate Trump's attitude to Amazon 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 【解析】这篇文章是一篇新闻，讲述了亚马逊向实体零售领域发展，推出了亚马 逊 Go 这一模式，但这一商业模式遭到总统川普的批评，因为它威胁了收银员的 工作，并且可能违反“反垄断法”。 4. 细节理解题。由第一段可知，在亚马逊 Go 中，人们通过扫二维码购买东西， 不用排队和付款，亚马逊自动从顾客的亚马逊账户中扣款，故选 C 项，顾客不需 要结账和排队。 6. 细节推断题。本题答案在第四段中，Donald Trump repeatedly criticized Amazon and its founder Jeff Bezos for …… having “a huge antitrust(反垄 断) problem.（川普批评亚马逊，因为它在反垄断方面有问题）可知，故选 C。 7. 主旨大意题。本文首先介绍了亚马逊 Go，然后描述了这种新的实体超市模式， 接着介绍了人们对此模式的不同评论，最后说明了亚马逊 Go 下一步的发展计划。 因此，总体来看，本文就是对亚马逊 Go 的一次全面介绍，应选 A。B、D 都只是 文章的部分内容，C 引起人们的兴趣可能是文章的目的，不是文章的主要目的。 [七] When it comes to the Internet, people talk about the password most. Actually, it’s been under fire for a long time. Research has shown that passwords are not a very good way to protect sensitive information. People would use some random characters, numbers and symbols. Furthermore, a unique password would be used for every site or application the user uses. Unfortunately, the longer and more complex passwords become, the more people are likely to forger them. Therefore, they use the same password for every service or application. These are all big no-noes and essentially defeat the purpose of a password. Google is trying to kill off passwords on Android devices by introducing the Trust API, which does what simple passwords cannot and gives developers a framework for securing their application using a number of security systems and metrics(衡量标准)on the device. A Trust Score will be generated based on a number of metrics including your device location, face scanning, fingerprints, and the things like your typing speed or the way you speak. Taken one at a time, these metrics are not secure. But taken together, these metrics will help recognize the real “you”. The good news is that Google has already been testing this on real world data. Google has proven the Trust API works. Next Google will run tests will some banks to see if the Trust API meets their needs before rolling out the system on Android phones later. It may take another year for apps and popular sites to start using the Trust API. This is a pretty exciting change. Passwords have been around for a lone time. Although the security of systems has been improved, the usability of systems hasn’t been proved much. Google appears to have the best of them. Maybe that never-ending conflict between security and convenience will be able to take a break once the Trust system comes out. 8. What is implied in the underlined sentence in Para. 2? A. Users make mistakes in using passwords. B. Users should know the purpose of passwords. C. Users have learnt to say no to their passwords. D. Users misunderstand the meaning of passwords. 9. How is the key part of the Trust API generated? A. By taking one metric at a time. B. By combining various metrics. C. By developing security systems. D. By analyzing complex passwords. 10. What can we know about the Trust system from the text? A. It needs to be improved in the future. B. It hasn’t been proven to be effective. C. It will be used on Android devices first. D. It is secure and convenient for the users. 11. What would be the best title for the text? A. How does Google develop the Trust API? B. Will the Trust API meet the users’ needs? C. Will passwords soon be a thing of the past? D. How do passwords protect personal information? 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】在这个互联网时代，密码不是保护敏感信息的最好办法。谷歌引入了一 种叫 Trust API 系统，会更好地保护用户的个人信息。 8. B 推理判断。第二段大意：对于用户来说，使用密码是保护敏感信息的。在每一个 站点或应用程序中的密码是唯一的。但我们却对每一个服务或应用程序都使用相 同的密码，已失去了保护作用。这些都是大禁忌,本质上失去了设密码的目的。 暗示用 9. C 10. A 推理判断题。第四段：谷歌已经证明了 Trust API 的工作原理，下一步好消息是 谷歌已经在现实世界的数据上测试过了。下一步，谷歌将在几家银行运行测试， 看看 Trust API 是否能满足他们的需求，然后再在 Android 手机上推出这个系统。 应用程序和流行站点开始使用 Trust API 还需要一年的时间。第五段后半部分： 虽然系统的安全性得到了提高，但系统的可用性还没有得到充分证明。通过第四 和第五段可推断出系统今后还需要改进。故选 A。 11. D 主旨大意。通读全文可知。如何使用密码保护个人信息。故选 D 项。 [八] There have been arguments for years over who should officially go down in history as “the inventor of the ATM”， and in 2004 a man called John Shepherd­Barron received an OBE ( 大英帝国官佐勋章) in the New Year Honours list for services to banking as the “inventor of the automatic cash dispenser”．But the UK government is now unequivocally saying it is James Goodfellow who invented the ATM — so his place in history is now confirmed. In the mid­1960s, Goodfellow worked at a bank. His managers asked him to think of a way to allow customers to withdraw cash from banks on Saturdays. “Most people worked during the week and couldn’t go to the bank. They wanted a solution. The solution was a machine which would give money to a customer，” he says. “I wanted to develop a cash machine and, to make this happen, I invented the PIN (personal identification number) and a plastic card.” Goodfellow’s first machines were put into use in 1967.The first one was opened at a bank in north London on 27 June, 1967.The machines became very popular, but Goodfellow only received ￡10 for his idea and has not made any money from it since. The cash machine is now used all over the world and, every year, there are more and more: there are now three million ATMs worldwide and there will be four million by 2020.The good news for Goodfellow is that people are beginning to know him for his invention. The website ATMinventor.com says, “Who invented the ATM as we know it? It was James Goodfellow’s idea.” Even better for Goodfellow, his invention is in the 180­page guidebook called Life in the United Kingdom. In the section about “great British inventions of the twentieth century”， it says, “In the 1960s, James Goodfellow (1937－) invented the automatic teller machine (ATM) or ‘cashpoint’”． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自动取款机(ATM)的发明者及其 背后的故事。 ★8.What does the underlined word “unequivocally” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．clearly B．cautiously C．unwillingly D．unbelievably 解析：选 A　词义猜测题。第一段第一句谈到对于谁应该作为自动取款机的 发明者而被正式载入史册多年来一直有争论，结合画线词前有表示转折的连词 But 以及画线词后的“so his place in history is now confirmed”可知， Goodfellow 作为自动取款机的发明人在历史上的地位得到了确认，由此推知， 英国政府应该是“明确地”向人们宣布自动取款机的发明人是James Goodfellow。 9．What was the driving force for Goodfellow to invent the ATM? A．His desire for money. B．His great interest. C．The bank manager’s help. D．The customers’ need. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。第二段中的“Most people worked during the week and couldn’t go to the bank.They wanted a solution.”说明， Goodfellow 发明自动取款机的动力来自客户的需求，因为人们平时要上班，不 能到银行取钱，所以需要在周末去银行取钱，于是自动取款机应运而生。 10．What can we know about Goodfellow from the last paragraph? A．He has been in the textbook. B．He is one of the wealthiest inventors. C．People have come to recognize him. D．He faced hardships before succeeding. 解析：选 C　推理判断题。最后一段谈到“The good news for Goodfellow is that people are beginning to know him for his invention.”，这说明人 们开始知道是他发明了自动取款机，即人们已开始认可他。 11．What is the best title for the text? A．How was the ATM invented? B．Who invented the ATM? C．Goodfellow got paid D．The ATM becomes popular 解析：选 B　标题归纳题。作者第一段谈到对于谁应该作为自动取款机的发 明者而被正式载入史册一直有争论，但英国政府宣布了是 Goodfellow 发明了自 动取款机。第二段谈到了 Goodfellow 为何发明自动取款机。第三段谈到他虽然 发明了自动取款机，但除了 10 英镑外并没有获得任何收益。最后一段谈到，随 着自动取款机的广泛使用，人们才慢慢知道是谁发明了它。因此，B 项作为本文 标题是最恰当的。 [九] You dash through a crowded railway station, tripping over bags, spilling (泼出) your coffee only to have the doors slide shut in your face, leaving you breathless on the platform as the train pulls away. But at least, if you’re in France, someone may be playing the piano for you. But it won’t be performed by a paid musician, or even a street entertainer playing for coins. It will just be a random passer­by, jamming for the fun of it on one of the pianos that the national railroad company, S．N.C.F., has fixed in nearly 100 stations across France. They are free for anyone to play, and travelers from all walks of life have taken to doing just that. Gares & Connexions, the S ． N.C.F. division that manages its stations, rents the instruments from the producer, Yamaha, which maintains (维修) them and tunes them every month or two. The first one was set up in the Gare Montparnasse in Paris in 2012. The music, mixed with the sounds of shouting passengers, screaming trains and rolling suitcases, gives French stations a special soundscape. The amateur musicians have included Irish soccer fans and even babies. In 2014, Gares & Connexions and Yamaha organized a nationwide contest called Your Turn to Play, asking participants to submit videos of themselves using one of the pianos. It drew nearly 900 entries. Isn’t the railroad company taking a big chance? Apparently not: “None of the instruments has been vandalized to this day, or even merely damaged，” said Claire Fournon, a spokeswoman for Gares & Connexions. “They are shared and respected by all.” So if you miss a train in Paris, Bordeaux or Marseille one day, perhaps someone will be playing a favorite piece that will ease your pain.Or perhaps you’ll sit down and play your annoyance away yourself. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在法国的许多火车站都安装了钢琴供来往的 人们弹奏。如果你错过火车，不如停下来听一首钢琴曲。 4．Why did Gares & Connexions fix pianos in railway stations? A．To advertise Yamaha’s products. B．To make stations more attractive. C．To let travelers have a relaxed trip. D．To help street artists make a living. 解析：选 C　细节理解题。由第二段中的“someone may be playing the piano for you”和“It will just be a random passer­by, jamming for the fun of it on one of the pianos” 以 及 “They are free for anyone to play”可知，法国国家铁路公司在火车站放置钢琴，意在让过往的人们弹奏娱乐， 有一个放松的旅行。 5．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A．The contest has proved a hit. B．The pianos are very popular. C．Railway stations are crowded. D．Everyone can be an amateur musician. 解析：选 B　段落大意题。由第四段中的“gives French stations a special soundscape” 和 “The amateur musicians have included Irish soccer fans and even babies.”以及“It drew nearly 900 entries.”可知，很 多过往的人们来弹钢琴，而且 2014 年举办的全国性比赛“Your Turn to Play” 要求人们上传自己弹这些钢琴的视频，有将近 900 个作品参赛，所有这一切都说 明火车站的这些钢琴很受人们欢迎。 ★6.What does the underlined word “vandalized” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Selected carefully. B．Checked regularly. C．Reserved in advance. D．Destroyed on purpose. 解析：选 D　词义猜测题。由第五段中的“They are shared and respected by all.”可知，这些钢琴被人们分享，受人们尊重；由 or 可知， have been vandalized 与 even merely damaged 为并列关系，由此推断，该词的意思比 merely damaged 的破坏程度更为严重，故选 D。vandalize “故意破坏”。 7．What would be the best title for the text? A．Miss a train yet catch a tune B．A soundscape in the memory C．The role of piano in French life D．An amazing train with a piano bar 解析：选 A　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了在法国的许多火车站都安装了钢 琴让来往的人们弹奏。如果你错过火车，不妨停下来听一首钢琴曲。故 A 项最适 合作文章标题。 [十] In 1839, a big storm ran across Ireland, causing extraordinary damage. The Night of the Big Wind took place on January 6,1839, striking the country with little warning. The night before the day of the storm, snow had fallen. By midday, rain had begun to fall in parts of the country, and as the afternoon went on, temperatures began to rise, bringing an unseasonable warmth. While some scientists had begun to record climate information by the late 1830s, weather forecasting was still more guess work than science, and the unusual warmth didn’t give people a warning about what was developing off the western coast of the country. By around 9 p．m., the temperature had dropped and wind speeds had grown greatly. Most of the country’s people were in their homes. But the storm kept growing. By midnight, the wind reached hurricane strength, tearing a path up the length of the country until about 5 a ．m. the next morning. It eventually continued on to England where it petered out, but not before leaving Ireland widespread damage. In the most heavily affected areas, whole houses were blown down. Fires started due to broken stoves. Fish were said to have been found some six miles inland. One story said that the storm blew all of the water out of a canal until it was “nearly dry”． Many people were killed by falling buildings or floods. Thousands of trees were uprooted and dozens of ships along the coast were destroyed. It left a mark on the national mind that can still be felt today. In 1909 a small government pension was offered to all Irish citizens over the age of 70.But most of them had no proof (证据) of their age. So officials would ask them to describe their memories of the Night of the Big Wind to prove their age. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了在 1839 年席卷爱尔兰的一场大风暴——“大风 之夜”，它在爱尔兰的灾难史上占有重要位置。 1．What can be concluded from Paragraph 2? A．Ireland was calm before the storm. B．All damage could have been avoided. C．Weather forecasting was not accurate. D．The weather before the storm was strange. 解析：选 D　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，大风暴来临之前的天气 异常，文中“an unseasonable warmth”和“the unusual warmth”有提示。 ★2.Which of the following can replace the underlined part “petered out”？ A．grew up B．turned out C．ended weakly D．moved quickly 解析：选 C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“but not before leaving Ireland widespread damage”可知，在到达英格兰之后，大风暴逐渐消失了，在 此之前却已经给爱尔兰造成了巨大损失。peter out“逐渐减弱，慢慢消失”。 3．Why did the storm leave a mark on the national mind? A．It came with little warning. B．It tore a path up to England. C．It caused unexpected damage. D．It brought pensions to citizens. 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据第四段和第五段的内容可知，这场大风暴是 一场灾难，因此给人们留下了深刻的印象。