湖南省衡阳市2020届高三下学期联考（一）英语试题 Word版含解析

湖南省衡阳市2020届高三下学期联考（一）英语试题 Word版含解析

www.ks5u.com 衡阳市2020届高三毕业班联考(一)‎ 英语试题 第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)‎ 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上, 录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。‎ 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1. How long would the man work in the library ?‎ A.Six hour. B. Five hours. C. Four hours.‎ ‎2. What is the weather like now ?‎ A. Cloud. B. Sunny. C. Rainy ‎3. Where does the conversation take place A. At a pool. B. In a classroom. C. In a fitness club.‎ ‎4. What's the probable relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Mother and son. B. Brother and sister. C. Teacher and student.‎ ‎5. Why does the woman apologize?‎ A. She made the man embarrassed.‎ B. She asked for a public apology.‎ C. She took the dictionary without asking.‎ 第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分2.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A,B,C个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料,回答第6,7题.‎ ‎6. Where will the man go first?‎ A. To a shop. B. To a library. C. To his office.‎ ‎7. What will the man buy?‎ A. A jacket. B. A book. C. A CD.‎ - 26 -‎ 听第7段材料,回答第8，9题。‎ ‎8. Why doesn't the man want the telephone sales job ?‎ A. It needs working long hours.‎ B It doesn't pay well.‎ C. It is not suitable for him.‎ ‎9. What does the man think of the job as an entertainment director assistant?‎ A. Attractive. B. Boring. C. Tiring.‎ 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。‎ ‎10. What is the woman going to do?‎ A. Prepare for a party. B. Meet some customers. C. Meet her college friends.‎ ‎11. What does the man suggest the woman wear?‎ A. Purple dress. B. White shoes. C. A white diamond necklace.‎ ‎12. Where will the man go first?‎ A. To his company. B. To a school. C. To his parents' home.‎ 听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。‎ ‎13. Which language does the man want to learn well?‎ A .French. B. Spanish. C. English.‎ ‎14. Why is the man concerned about his language level?‎ A. He wants to get into a university in Spain.‎ B. He hopes to get better grades in class.‎ C. He wishes to talk with his Spanish relatives.‎ ‎15. What does the man worry about?‎ A.His reading. B. His writing. C. His speaking.‎ ‎16. What does the woman advise the man to do at last?‎ A. Join an online community. B Move to another country. C. Hire a family tutor.‎ 听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17. Where a students told to eat during lunch?‎ A. In the gym. B. On the court. C. In the cafeteria.‎ ‎18. When will the Maths exams be held this year?‎ A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.‎ - 26 -‎ ‎19. Who will give an introduction on Tuesday?‎ A. An athlete. B. The PE. C. A headmaster.‎ ‎20.Why are parents reminded to arrive early to the concert?‎ A. To find a place to sit. B. To find a place to park. C. To find a place to photograph.‎ 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)‎ 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。‎ A It is often said that “a picture is worth a thousand words.” That is certainly true of the images of brief moments nature submitted by international ecologists and students for the British Ecological Society’s (BES) annual photography competition. Here are a few of 2019’s winning entries.‎ ‎“Red Night” by Roberto Garcia Roa ‎“Red Night,” a photograph of a snake curling (蜷缩) around a tree was declared this year’s “Overall Winner.” Taken by Roberto Garcia Roa in Madagascar, the image captures both the beauty of the animal and its vulnerability (脆弱) to human threats like poaching(偷猎) and fires. It vividly reflects the conditions that these snakes are suffering.‎ ‎“Flames in Flumes (水沟)” by Nilanjan Chatterjee Nilanjan Chatterjee’s picture of a water redstart, waiting to catch a waterborne insect near a small waterfall, won the judge’s approval for the best overall student submission. Entitled “Flames in Flumes,” it was the photographer’s attempts to highlight the struggle the river birds, which capture their prey from fast-moving currents, are likely to face from to slowdown in water flow due to planned dams in rivers across India.‎ ‎“The Rhino’s Annual Haircut” by Molly Penny The ongoing demand for rhino horns (犀牛角) has reduced the population of the magnificent animals to just 30,000 specimens globally. Ecologists in South Africa - 26 -‎ ‎ have to saw off the animals’ horns, which regrow annually. Cruel as it seems, “The Rhinos Annual Haircut,” reduces the risk of the animals being brutally murdered.‎ ‎“A Side of Fries” by Nigel Taylor ‎“A Side of Fries”— an image of a long-tailed monkey at Batu Caves, Malaysia, holding a box of McDonald’s fries — by Nigel Taylor is just one example of how careless human behavior is endangered animals in the wild.‎ ‎1. What message do the four photos want to convey to viewers?‎ A. The nature is very attractive. B. Wild animals can be lovely.‎ C. Humans must conserve animals. D. Pictures speak louder than words.‎ ‎2. The dams in rivers across India are likely to make the water redstart________.‎ A. go hungry B. get lost C. get caught D. settle down ‎3. Why do ecologists in South Africa saw off rhino horns?‎ A. To sell rhino horns. B. To save rhinos.‎ C. To make horns regrow. D. To fetch high prices.‎ ‎【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是说明文。一图胜万言，本文通过四幅图号召大家保护动物。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据“Red Night” by Roberto Garcia Roa中的It vividly reflects the conditions that these snakes are suffering.(它生动地反映了这些蛇所遭受的苦难)；“Flames in Flumes (水沟)” by Nilanjan Chatterjee中的Entitled “Flames in Flumes,” it was the photographer’s attempts to highlight the struggle the river birds, which capture their prey from fast-moving currents, are likely to face from to slowdown in water flow due to planned dams in rivers across India.(这张照片的标题是“火焰中的羽毛”，这是摄影师试图突出河鸟的挣扎，它们从湍急的水流中捕捉猎物，由于计划在印度境内的河流上修建水坝，它们很可能面临水流减缓的问题)；“The Rhino’s Annual Haircut” by Molly Penny 中的The Rhinos Annual Haircut,” reduces the risk of the animals being brutally murdered.(“犀牛的年度发型”降低了动物被残忍杀害的风险)；‎ - 26 -‎ ‎ “A Side of Fries” by Nigel Taylor中的“A Side of Fries”— an image of a long-tailed monkey at Batu Caves, Malaysia, holding a box of McDonald’s fries — by Nigel Taylor is just one example of how careless human behavior is endangered animals in the wild.(“薯条的一面”——马来西亚巴图岩洞的一只长尾猴，拿着一盒麦当劳薯条——奈杰尔·泰勒的这张照片只是一个例子，说明了人类的粗心行为是如何危害野生动物的)可知，四幅图的共同传递给观众的是人类必须要保护动物。故选C。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据“Flames in Flumes (水沟)” by Nilanjan Chatterjee中Entitled “Flames in Flumes,” it was the photographer’s attempts to highlight the struggle the river birds, which capture their prey from fast-moving currents, are likely to face from to slowdown in water flow due to planned dams in rivers across India.(这张照片的标题是“火焰中的羽毛”，这是摄影师试图突出河鸟的挣扎，它们从湍急的水流中捕捉猎物，由于计划在印度境内的河流上修建水坝，它们很可能面临水流减缓的问题)可知，印度河上的水坝可能会使红尾水鸲没有食物而饥饿。故选A。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。 根据“The Rhino’s Annual Haircut” by Molly Penny中的Ecologists in South Africa have to saw off the animals’ horns, which regrow annually. Cruel as it seems, “The Rhinos Annual Haircut,” reduces the risk of the animals being brutally murdered. (南非的生态学家不得不锯掉这些动物每年都会重新长出的角。尽管看起来很残忍，“犀牛的年度发型”降低了动物被残忍杀害的风险)可知，为了减少犀牛们被人类残忍谋杀，南非的生态学家们不得不锯掉每年会重新生长的犀牛角。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】对于直接信息题此类题型，可以首先从问题中找到关键词,然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。例如：小题3，题干问南非生态学家们为什么锯掉犀牛的角？在文章中找到相关的句子,  根据“The Rhino's Annual Haircut” by Molly Penny中的Ecologists in South Africa have to saw off the animals’ horns, which regrow annually. Cruel as it seems, “The Rhinos Annual Haircut,” reduces the risk of the animals being brutally murdered.‎ - 26 -‎ ‎ (南非的生态学家不得不锯掉这些动物每年都会重新长出的角。尽管看起来很残忍，“犀牛的年度发型”降低了动物被残忍杀害的风险)可知，为了减少犀牛们被人类残忍谋杀，南非的生态学家们不得不锯掉每年会重新生长的犀牛角。B选项save rhinos是对 reduces the risk of…的同义改写，故选B。‎ B It’s 4 a.m. on Monday when my colleague, Yi Bingkun, and I finished the night shift. It’s the 50th hour since our medical team arrived in Wuhan to help fight against the novel corona virus (新型冠状病毒). The situation here is far more grievous than what we imagined, with more suspected cases and an acute shortage of medical staff. We are here to bring them hope, but it seems that we assume more responsibilities.‎ The ward was almost overloaded during our first night shift and we continued to receive more patients. My colleague and I plunged into work without delay after wearing protective suits.‎ However, an emergency occurred when a patient went into sudden cardiac arrest when we had just changed shifts. Yi Bingkun rushed to give chest compressions to the patient to make his heart beat again and I called a doctor for help.‎ Though all rescue measures failed, the patient’s family, however, sent their gratitude to us. Their every single: “Thank you” made me feel warm and that the efforts we had made were worthwhile. But Kun brought me more warmth. I once asked him whether he felt afraid about the possibility of becoming infected when saving the patient. He told me that “Yes, I was really scared at the time because I do have my family and my kid. But I was more afraid that the life might disappear in front of me.” I really admire his courage. Our night shift should have been finished at midnight, but it ended at 3 a. m. that night. We found our clothes were wet after we took off protective suits. What is impressive is that my colleagues messaged us, asking why Kun and I didn’t come back with the clock pointing to 1 a.m., 2 a.m. or even 3 a.m. They urged us to let them know we were okay as soon as we came back.‎ The weather is really cold but we feel warm from the bottoms of our hearts. Come on, all my colleagues! Come on, Wuhan! Come on, China!‎ ‎4. When did the medical team arrive in Wuhan?‎ A. On Saturday. B. On Sunday.‎ C. On Monday. D. On Tuesday.‎ - 26 -‎ ‎5. What does the underlined word “grievous” mean in the first paragraph?‎ A. Puzzling. B. Positive.‎ C. Satisfactory. D. severe.‎ ‎6. What can we infer about the patient?‎ A. He soon recovered from the illness. B. He finally died of serious illness.‎ C. He was rushed to another hospital. D. He was infected by a wild animal.‎ ‎7. In the eyes of the writer, Yi Bingkun is________.‎ A. adventurous B. lucky C. brave D. careless ‎【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了包括作者在内的医疗队赶往武汉抗击疫情，虽然面临感染失去生命的危险，仍坚持前行，令人感动。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的It’s 4 a.m. on Monday when my colleague, Yi Bingkun, and I finished the night shift. It’s the 50th hour since our medical team arrived in Wuhan to help fight against the novel corona virus (新型冠状病毒).可知，周一凌晨4点，我和同事易炳坤上完了夜班。这是我们医疗队抵达武汉抗击新型冠状病毒的第50个小时。由此可知，医疗队抵达武汉的时间是50小时之前，也就是两天前的凌晨2点，即周六凌晨2点。故选A。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第一段的划线词所在句的后半句with more suspected cases and an acute shortage of medical staff.可知，疑似病例多而且极其缺少医护人员。由此推知，武汉的疫情比我们想象中要严峻的多，因此划线词意为“严峻的”。故选D。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Though all rescue measures failed, the patient’s family, however, sent their gratitude to us.可知，虽然所有的救援措施都失败了，但是病人的家人还是向我们表达了他们的感激之情。由此推知，病人最终死于重病。故选B。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ - 26 -‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中I once asked him whether he felt afraid about the possibility of becoming infected when saving the patient. He told me that “Yes, I was really scared at the time because I do have my family and my kid. But I was more afraid that the life might disappear in front of me.” I really admire his courage.可知，我曾经问过他，在抢救病人的时候，他是否害怕被感染。他告诉我：“是的，我当时真的很害怕，因为我有我的家人和孩子。但我更害怕的是，生活可能会消失在我面前。“我真的很佩服他的勇气。由此可知，在作者眼中，易炳坤是勇敢的人。故选C。‎ C The fire of creativity doesn’t necessarily burn out after youth.“Many people believe that the creativity is exclusively (专有地) associated with youth, but it really depends on what kind of creativity you’re talking about,” says the lead study author, Bruce Weinberg of Ohio State University.‎ According to the study, there are two types of innovators (创新者): conceptual and experimental. Weinberg and fellow researcher David Galenson think that those who tend to do their best work in their mid-20s are conceptual innovators, while those who peak in their 50s are experimental innovators.‎ Weinberg and Galenson studied the works of 31 Nobel Prize winners of economics, placing the economists on a range of most conceptual to most experimental. The age at which an economist contributed the most well-regarded to the field was taken into account, and the age at which the work entered the economic field helped to classify the economist’s creative peak (顶峰).‎ Economists with a conceptual approach peaked in their 20s, while those who took the experimental approach peaked in their late 50s. Most of the winners made their great discoveries after at least 25 years of hard work.‎ The researchers correlated (与……相关联) their findings in economic achievements with those of scientific achievements. For example, they mention Albert Einstein as a conceptual innovator, who put forward the famous Special Theory of Relativity at the age of 26. They suggest scientist Charles Darwin developed his most groundbreaking theories later on in life, which would make him an experimental innovator. This makes sense given that the theory of evolution was developed over - 26 -‎ ‎ many years through a long process of trial and error.‎ None of this is to say that either type of innovative approach is exclusive to different age groups. It isn’t unheard of for an older person to be a conceptual innovator or for younger people to innovate more experimentally. The research simply shows trends. Anyhow, there's always a little room for a creative breakthrough — no matter your age ‎8. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?‎ A. Creativity Is The Best When One Is Young B. Scientists Became Famous At Different Ages C. Experimental Innovators Peak In Late 50’s D. Creativity Isn’t Exclusive To The Young ‎9. From the third and fourth paragraph, we can reach a conclusion that_______.‎ A. most winners made creative discoveries in their late 20’s B. award-winning economists tend to use conceptual approaches C. the majority of 31 winners were experimental innovators D. researchers interviewed Nobel Prize winners of economics ‎10. What do you know about experimental innovators?‎ A. They inspire their creative ideas by a sudden spark.‎ B. They slowly cultivate creative ideas over a long time.‎ C. They tend to challenge most basic scientific concepts.‎ D. They often make important contributions in literature.‎ ‎11. What does the writer want to express in Paragraph 5?‎ A. The findings are also applied to scientific field.‎ B. Scientists make breakthroughs by trial and error.‎ C. Economic theories are based on scientific facts.‎ D. Scientific discoveries call for many years of work.‎ ‎【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。多数人认为创造力只与年轻有关。但是俄亥俄州立大学研究表明这依赖于你在谈论哪种创造力。创造力不专属于年轻人。‎ - 26 -‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Many people believe that the creativity is exclusively (专有地) associated with youth, but it really depends on what kind of creativity you’re talking about,” says the lead study author, Bruce Weinberg of Ohio State University.(研究报告的主要撰写人、俄亥俄州立大学的布鲁斯·温伯格说：“许多人认为创造力只与年轻人有关，但实际上这取决于你所谈论的创造力的类型)及下文对这项研究的介绍可知，“创造力不专属于年轻人”适合做本文最佳标题。故选D。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Weinberg and Galenson studied the works of 31 Nobel Prize winners of economics, placing the economists on a range of most conceptual to most experimental.(温伯格和盖伦森研究了31位诺贝尔经济学奖得主的著作，将这些经济学家的研究范围从最具概念化到最具实验性)以及第四段中的Economists with a conceptual approach peaked in their 20s, while those who took the experimental approach peaked in their late 50s. (采用概念性方法的经济学家在20多岁时达到顶峰，而采用实验性方法的经济学家在50多岁时达到顶峰)可知，31位诺贝尔经济学奖获得者中多数是“概念式”创新者。故选C。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Economists with a conceptual approach peaked in their 20s, while those who took the experimental approach peaked in their late 50s. Most of the winners made their great discoveries after at east 25 years of hard work.(采用概念性方法的经济学家在20多岁时达到顶峰，而采用实验性方法的经济学家在50多岁时达到顶峰。大多数获奖者是在至少25年的辛勤工作后才有了重大发现)可推知，实验性创新者需要很长时间才能有创新性思想。故选B。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段中的The researchers correlated (与……相关联) their findings in economic achievements with those of scientific achievements.(研究人员将他们在经济成就方面的发现与科学成就联系起来) 及列举的爱因斯坦和达尔文的例子说明，这些发现也适用于科学领域。故选A。‎ D Sports fans around the world are struggling to reconcile with the sudden loss - 26 -‎ ‎ of American basketball icon Kobe Bryant. The 41-year-old died on January 26, 2020, when his private helicopter crashed into a hillside in Calabasas, California — about 30 miles away from Los Angele. The crash also killed eight other passengers including his 13-year-old daughter Gianna. The extremely heavy fog condition is believed to have been a major factor.‎ Bryant, who spent his entire 20-year-basketball career as a shooting guard for the Los Angeles Lakers, was born in Philadelphia. The basketball star, who decided to turn professional after graduating from high school, was selected by the Charlotte Hornets with the 13th overall pick, and then traded to the Lakers. At just 18 years old, he was the youngest player to be drafted in NBA history. The trade proved to be lucky for the Lakers. By his third year, Bryant had moved from being a reserve to the starting line-up. He had also firmly established himself as a star. In 2000, Bryant led the Lakers to their first NBA championship since 1988. The dream team continued to dominate the league for the next two years.‎ In addition to helping the Lakers win two additional NBA titles in 2009 and 2010, Bryant was also a member of the basketball team responsible for bringing home the Olympic Gold medals in 2008 and 2012. By the time he retired in 2016, the 18-time NBA All-Star had played a total of 1,560 games and scored an astounding 33,043 points — a record surpassed by only three players Kareem Abdul-Jabar (38,387), Karl Malone (36,928), and James (33,655) — in the NBA’s 73-year History.‎ Though there are many ways to honor Bryant, the best way to pay tribute to one of the greatest sports heroes of all time may be to follow his philosophy on life: “Life is too short to be discouraged. You have to keep moving. Put one foot in front of the other, smile, and just keep on rolling.”— Kobe Bryant, 2008.‎ ‎12. According to the passage, what probably caused the accident?‎ A. Bad weather. B. Mechanical failure.‎ C. The operational error. D. High mountains.‎ ‎13. What can we infer from the second paragraph?‎ A. Kobe Bryant turned professional player in high school.‎ B. Kobe Bryant was selected by the Charlotte Hornets at 16.‎ - 26 -‎ C. The Lakers won their first NBA championship in 2000.‎ D. Los Angeles Lakers won the NBA championship in 2002.‎ ‎14. Which of the following is true of Kobe Bryant?‎ A. Kobe Bryant took part in the 2016 Olympic Games.‎ B. Kobe Bryant was the first NBA All-Star in history.‎ C. He helped the Lakers win five NBA championships.‎ D. Kobe Bryant was the first shooting guard in NBA history.‎ ‎15. Who scored the most points in the NBA’s 73-year history?‎ A. Lebron James. B. Karl Malone.‎ C. Kareem Abdul-Jabar. D. Kobe Bryant.‎ ‎【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了篮球传奇选手科比去世的事情，世界各地的体育迷都在为此感到伤心。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The extremely heavy fog condition is believed to have been a major factor.可知，极重的雾环境被认为是一个主要因素。由此可知，恶劣的天气造成科比乘坐的直升机坠毁。故选A。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 In 2000, Bryant led the Lakers to their first NBA championship since 1988. The dream team continued to dominate the league for the next two years.可知，2000年，科比带领湖人队获得了自1988年以来的第一个NBA总冠军。这支梦之队在接下来的两年里继续统治着联盟。由此可知，洛杉矶湖人队在2002年也获得了NBA冠军。故选D。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 In 2000, Bryant led the Lakers to their first NBA championship since 1988. The dream team continued to dominate the league for the next two years.(2000年，科比带领湖人队获得了自1988年以来的第一个NBA总冠军。这支梦之队在接下来的两年里继续统治着联盟)可知，湖人队获得了三年NBA冠军；再根据第三段中的In addition to helping the Lakers win two additional NBA titles in 2009 and - 26 -‎ ‎ 2010,(除了帮助湖人队在2009年和2010年赢得两个NBA总冠军之外)可知，科比帮助湖人队五次获得NBA冠军。故选C。‎ ‎15题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的By the time he retired in 2016, the 18-time NBA All-Star had played a total of 1,560 games and scored an astounding 33,043 points — a record surpassed by only three players Kareem Abdul-Jabar (38,387), Karl Malone (36,928), and James (33,655) — in the NBA’s 73-year History.可知，到2016年退役时，这位18次入选NBA全明星的球员已经打了1560场比赛，得到了惊人的33043分——在NBA 73年的历史中，只有3名球员超越他，卡里姆·阿卜杜尔·贾巴尔（38387分）、卡尔·马龙（36928分）和詹姆斯（336655分）。由此可知，卡里姆·阿卜杜尔·贾巴尔是NBA 73年历史上得分最多的球员。故选C。‎ 第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ All mammals have hair, commonly called fur when it’s on your cat or a koala._____16_____‎ For example, elephant hairs are more than four times thicker than an adult human. Normally, which the animal is larger, the hair tends to be thicker.______17______‎ To learn the truth, a research team tested the strength of hair from eight different mammal species, including humans. They subjected those hairs to increasing levels of tension until the fibers broke. ______18______ But they were wrong. In fact, the thinner hair, actually, is stronger. They found that adult human hair was some of the strongest, and children’s hair — the thinnest of all — was even more lasting.‎ Then, the team took a closer look at the hair with a scanning electron microscope. The microscope views revealed specific patterns of breakage in the keratin fibers, which are composed of a protective outer cuticle (外表皮) and an inner cortex (内皮层) that provides strength. The microscope images showed that the cortex of thicker hair tends to separate abruptly when broken. ______19______‎ ‎______20______ In those cases, the trunk tends to break at an angle. And that kind of break is a sign of strength — it actually takes more tension to cause cutting than a clean break. The researchers found that the cutoff point between these two - 26 -‎ ‎ types of breakage was about 200 micrometers — about two and a half times thicker than human hair.‎ A. But the inner cortex of thinner hair breaks off less evenly.‎ B. And the thickness of individual hairs varies from species to species.‎ C. Fewer than 1,000 human hairs can support an entire person s weight.‎ D. However, is it true that the thicker the hair, the more powerful it is?‎ E. Compare the process to what happens when a powerful gust of wind blows a tree down.‎ F. The researchers assumed that thick hair, from giraffes, elephants and boars, would be stronger.‎ G. The hair we see may appear to be a simple structure, but in fact it is highly complex, especially at the microscopic level below the surface of the scalp.‎ ‎【答案】16. B 17. D 18. F 19. A 20. E ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。研究表明头发越细反而越结实。在这项研究当中，成年人类的毛发表现得最为结实。其实，儿童的头发比成年人的细，却更加结实。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据空前All mammals have hair, commonly called fur when it's on your cat or a koala.(所有的哺乳动物都有毛发，通常是你的猫或考拉身上的毛发)以及空格后For example, elephant hairs are more than four times thicker than an adult human.(例如，大象的头发比成年人的头发粗四倍多)得知，B项“不同物种的毛的厚度也不同”起到过渡句的作用。故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据空前Normally, which the animal is larger, the hair tends to be thicker.(通常，动物越大，毛发越厚)及第二段中的To learn the truth, a research team tested the strength of hair from eight different mammal species, including humans.(为了弄清真相，一个研究小组测试了包括人类在内的8种不同哺乳动物的毛发强度)可知，此处是提出了质疑：真的毛发越厚，约有威力吗？故选D。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据空前To learn the truth, a research team tested the strength of hair from eight different mammal species, including humans. They subjected those hairs to increasing - 26 -‎ ‎ levels of tension until the fibers broke(为了弄清真相，一个研究小组测试了包括人类在内的8种不同哺乳动物的毛发强度。他们让这些毛发承受越来越大的张力，直到纤维断裂)以及后面But they were wrong.但他们错了。F项“研究人员假设长颈鹿、大象和公猪的浓密毛发会更粗壮”符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据空前The microscope images showed that the cortex of thicker hair tends to separate abruptly when broken.(显微镜下的图像显示，较厚的头发皮层在断裂时容易断裂)可知，下面要介绍头发较薄的情况。A项“但头发较薄的内皮层分裂得不均匀”符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据空格后In those cases, the trunk tends to break at an angle.(在这些情况下，树干倾向于剪成一个角度)可知，这里研究人员将这一过程比作强风吹倒一棵树。E项Compare the process to what happens when a powerful gust of wind blows a tree down.(把这个过程比作一股强劲的风把一棵树吹倒的过程)符合语境。故选E。‎ 第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)‎ 第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Cassidy and three other members of the Annenberg Running Group were stretching (拉伸) on the grounds of the University of Pennsylvania.‎ The community members meet three days a week for a 30-minute ____21____ and an occasional ____22____. That’s right — during some runs, one of them ____23____ a talk whose topics ____24____from the brain to Bit–coin. But on this day last January, it would not be their ____25____ run.‎ The first ____26____that something was off was the man who dashed past the “Probably running at a ____27____ of 7 minutes per mile.” Cassidy told Runner’s World ____28____. And then Cassidy discovered why the man was so ____29____when another man ran by, ______30______, “Help! He took my phone and laptop!”‎ Upon seeing that, the group did what running clubs do: running and tracking the suspect down the streets until he ______31______into a construction site. The runners ______32______. Cassidy ran around to the whether they’d far side to cut the thief ‎ - 26 -‎ off while the others ______33______ the neighborhood to ask ______34______.‎ Unknown to them, the suspect had already run away from the construction site and was ______35______ behind a bush by a house when they knocked on the door of it. As the house owner opened the door, the suspect darted (突然移动) out and right into the ______36______ of campus police, who’d ______37______ the chase (追捕) shortly behind the runners.‎ Although the members of this group are not ______38______athletes, they do understand the ______39______ of a little exercise. “Running is a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat, but occasionally it can be ______40______, and here was one of those opportunities.” Cassidy told the journalist.‎ ‎21. A. flight B. jog C. walk D. climb ‎22. A. quarrel B. competition C. lecture D. celebration ‎23. A. delivers B. abandons C. stops D. changes ‎24. A. continue B. range C. guide D. decrease ‎25. A. necessary B. long C. normal D. accessible ‎26. A. sign B. pause C. opportunity D. goal ‎27. A. length B. pace C. price D. cost ‎28. A. delightfully B. desperately C. negatively D. undoubtedly ‎29. A. grateful B. curious C. satisfied D. lightning ‎30. A. exploring B. discovering C. moving D. shouting ‎31. A. slipped B. grew C. dug D. translated ‎32. A. woke up B. split up C. gave up D. got up ‎33. A. suspected B. appreciated C. wandered D. quit ‎34. A. employers B. customers C. colleagues D. residents - 26 -‎ ‎35. A. hiding B. visiting C. training D. instructing ‎36. A. courses B. arms C. names D. minds ‎37. A. separated B. prevented C. joined D. lost ‎38. A. pleasant B. polite C. patient D. professional ‎39. A. variety B. order C. benefit D. origin ‎40. A. useful B. alternative C. classic D. possible ‎【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了跑步俱乐部成员和校园警察等众人合力将抢了别人电话和笔记本电脑的嫌犯抓获的故事。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些宾夕法尼亚大学的同事和其他社区成员一周相约三次，一块进行大约30分钟的慢跑，偶尔还有讲座。A. flight航班；B. jog慢跑；C. walk散步；D. climb攀爬。根据That’s right — during some runs,得知会员们每周三天会聚在一起慢跑。故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些宾夕法尼亚大学的同事和其他社区成员一周相约三次，一块进行大约30分钟的慢跑，偶尔还有讲座。A. quarrel 吵架；B. competition竞赛；C. lecture讲座；D. celebration庆祝。根据a talk whose topics ____4____from the brain to Bit–coin得知会员们会有讲座。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对的——有时候在跑步时，他们中的一个人会讲话，话题从大脑到比特币都有。A. delivers运送，发表；B. abandons抛弃； C. stops停止；D. changes改变。a talk whose topics ____4____from the brain to Bit–coin得知会员们会讲话。deliver a talk“讲话”。故选A。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ - 26 -‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对的——有时候在跑步时，他们中的一个人会讲话，话题从大脑到比特币都有。A. continue继续；B. range范围；C. guide引导；D. decrease减少。根据a talk whose topics得知这里在说讲话的话题范围。故选B。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是在去年一月的这天，这次将不会是他们日常的跑步。A. necessary必需的；B. long 长的；C. normal正常的；D. accessible可达到的。根据下文得知他们帮忙拦截小偷，可知那天跑步不同寻常。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事情不妙的第一个线索是那个冲过他们的人。A. sign标语，迹象；B. pause停顿； C. opportunity机会；D. goal目标。根据something was off得知不对劲的事情有个迹象。故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“大概是每英里7分钟的速度，”卡西迪对《跑步者世界》杂志说。A. length长度；B. pace速度；C. price价格；D. cost成本。a pace of“一个……的速度”。故选B。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“大概是每英里7分钟的速度，”卡西迪肯定地对《跑步者世界》杂志说。A. delightfully高兴地；B. desperately绝望地；C. negatively消极地；D. undoubtedly毫无疑问。Cassidy肯定地对杂志说。故选D。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡西迪发现了当另一个人从他身边跑过时他跑的如此之快的原因。他大喊，“求助！他拿走了我的手机和笔记本电脑！”A. grateful感激的； B. curious好奇的；C. satisfied满意的；D. lightning快的。根据something was off was the man who dashed past the “Probably running at a ____7____ of 7 minutes per mile.”得知另一个人跑得很快。故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：卡西迪发现了当另一个人从他身边跑过时他跑的如此之快的原因。他大喊，“求助！他拿走了我的手机和笔记本电脑！”A. exploring探索；B. discovering发现；C. moving移动；D. shouting喊叫。“Help! He took my phone and laptop!”这些话应该是喊着说出的。故选D。‎ - 26 -‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到这一幕，这群人做了跑步俱乐部做的事：在街道上跑步并跟踪嫌疑人，直到他溜进一个建筑工地。A. slipped滑出，悄悄进入；B. grew 成长；C. dug挖掘；D. translated翻译。根据tracking the suspect down the streets until he ____11____into a construction site.得知嫌疑犯溜进了建筑地。故选A。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：跑步者分开了。A. woke up醒来；B. split up分开；C. gave up放弃；D. got up起床。根据Cassidy ran around to the whether they’d far side to cut the thief off while the other得知小组成员分头寻找。故选B。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：西迪跑到附近，看他们是否愿意把小偷截住，而其他人则在附近转悠，询问当地居民。A. suspected怀疑；B. appreciated感激；C. wandered闲逛；D. quit退出。根据while the others ____13____ the neighborhood to ask ____14____得知其他人在附近四处查看。故选C。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：西迪跑到附近，看他们是否愿意把小偷截住，而其他人则在附近转悠，询问当地居民。A. employers雇主；B. customers顾客；C. colleagues同事；D. residents居民。根据____13____ the neighborhood to ask ____14____得知其他人到社区问附近居民。故选D。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不知道的是，犯罪嫌疑人已经从建筑工地逃跑了，当他们敲门时，他正躲在一所房子旁的灌木丛后面。A. hiding隐藏；B. visiting访问；C. training训练；D. instructing指导。根据behind a bush by a house得知嫌疑犯藏在灌木丛后。故选A。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当屋主打开门时，嫌犯冲了出来，正好跑进了校警的怀中，他们就在跑步者后面加入了这场追逐。A. courses课程；B. arms 胳膊；C. names名字；D. minds头脑。根据who’d ____17____ the chase (追捕) shortly behind the runners.得知嫌疑犯正好跑进校警怀中。故选B。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ - 26 -‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当屋主打开门时，嫌犯冲了出来，正好跑进了校警的怀中，他们就在跑步者后面加入了这场追逐。A. separated分离； B. prevented 阻止；C. joined加入；D. lost失去。根据the chase (追捕) shortly behind the runners.得知这个校警在追逐嫌疑犯。故选C。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这个群体的成员不是职业运动员，但他们知道做点运动的好处。A. pleasant快乐的；B. polite礼貌的；C. patient耐心的；D. professional专业的。根据语境得知他们不是专业运动员。故选D。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这个群体的成员不是职业运动员，但他们知道做点运动的好处。A. variety多样；B. order订单；C. benefit益处；D. origin起源。根据they do understand the ____19____ of a little exercise.得知他们知道运动的好处。故选C。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“跑步是一项无用的运动，它能将脂肪细胞转化为热量，但偶尔也会有用，这就是其中的一个机会。”卡西迪告诉记者。A. useful有用的；B. alternative 可选择的；C. classic经典的；D. possible可能的。根据Although the members of this group are not and here was one of those opportunities. ”Cassidy told the journalist.得知这次捉嫌疑犯就是跑步起到的作用。故选A。‎ 第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节满分45分)‎ 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The earliest elephant relatives ____41____(originate) in Africa about 60 million years ago and were driven away to every continent unearth, except Antarctica and Australia. There are about 165 ____42____(know) elephant species from the fossil record. However, scientists estimate that there would have been many — more species that we haven’t found yet in this branch of ____43____ evolutionary tree of life. ____44____ Earth’s more recent history, between 50,000 and 40,000 years ago, there were 16 species of elephants with their relatives ____45____(live) at the same time around the world, including at least seven in the United States. Today, there are only three species of elephants that remain: the African savannah elephant (萨凡纳象), ‎ - 26 -‎ the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant. ____46____ (population) of all three species are declining, with Asian elephants____47____ (current) at a much higher risk of extinction.‎ Today’s elephants are part of the order Proboscidea (长鼻目) that consists of modern elephants and their extinct relatives. This kind of, the animals ____48____(have)a proboscis, or trunk, which they use to eat and drink. ____49____today there are only three species of elephants surviving, their evolutionary history is much ______50______ (diverse).‎ ‎【答案】41. originated ‎ ‎42. known 43. the ‎ ‎44. In 45. living ‎ ‎46. Populations ‎ ‎47. currently ‎ ‎48. has 49. While/ Although /Though ‎ ‎50. more diverse ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章讲述了大象物种的演变和现状。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。about 60 million years ago提示本句用一般过去时。故填originated。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，are是谓语动词，前后没有连词，know要用非谓语形式，它与物种是被动关系。故填known。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查冠词。在生命的进化中，表示特指。故填the。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查介词。在地球近期历史中，in…history。故填In。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，这里是with+宾语+宾补结构，亲戚和住是主动关系，用现在分词，故填living。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ - 26 -‎ 考查名词复数。表示三个物种的数量用复数名词，are提示主语是复数，故填Populations。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查副词。副词修饰介词短语。故填currently。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。分析句子结构主语是this kind，谓语用单数，这种大象使用象鼻帮助吃东西喝水。故填has。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查状语从句连接词。前后表示让步，虽然现存大象物种减少到三种，但它们的进化史却更加多样化。故填While/ Although /Though。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查形容词比较级。be动词后用形容词，much修饰形容词比较级。故填more diverse。‎ 第四部分 写作(共两节满分35分)‎ 第一节短文改错(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)‎ ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ How is everything going? I can still remember the days when we spent together in China. When you went back to America last month, you want me to get a Chinese name stamp making for you, which is a symbol of traditional Chinese culture. Now I’m such glad to tell you I’ve already find a stamp craftsman. He is very experienced skilled in making Chinese traditional name stamp. To make a stamp that suit you best, I’ve attached some pictures of various types of characters, designs and materials for the email. Looking forward to you reply.‎ ‎【答案】第二句：when→which/that 第三句： want →wanted；making→made - 26 -‎ 第四句：such→so；find→found 第五句：skilled前面加and；stamp→stamps 第六句：that去掉或者suit→suits 第七句：for→to或者in 最后一句：you→your ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是应用文。作者回信给美国外教David告诉他已帮他找好制作名章人，请他从所附图片挑选字体图案及材料。‎ ‎【详解】小题1.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the day，指时间，在定语从句中做动词花费spend的宾语，关系代词做宾语。故when改为which/that。‎ 小题2.考查动词时态。根据上文went可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。故want改为wanted。‎ 小题3.考查非谓语动词。get是谓语动词，制作和get之间没有连词，要用非谓语形式，姓名印章和制作是被动关系。故making改为made。‎ 小题4.考查副词。副词修饰动词，so修饰形容词glad。故such改为so。‎ 小题5.考查过去分词。already提示用现在完成时，现在完成时构成是has/have加过去分词。故find改为found 小题6.考查连词。他有经验而且制作中国传统姓名印章很熟练，两个形容词是并列关系。故skilled前面加and。‎ 小题7.考查名词复数。制作姓名印章，印章是复数。故stamp改为stamps。‎ 小题8.考查动词主谓一致。题干可以看做make sb. do或定语从句，that指代stamp是单数，谓语动词也是单数，故that去掉或者suit改为suits。‎ 小题9.考查介词。attach something to something在邮件中附上图片，也可以理解为在邮件中，故for改为to或者in。‎ 小题10.考查代词。你的回复，名词前用形容词性物主代词。故you改为your。‎ 第二节 书面表达 ‎52.假如你是李华，你英国笔友Mike在来信中说，他将作为交换生在4月份来你的城市参观和学习一个月。请给他写一封回信，对他表示欢迎并向告知他这段时间能够参加的当地特色的文化活动。‎ - 26 -‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Mike,‎ Glad to know that you will visit our city in April and study here for a month.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Hopefully, you will have a wonderful time here.‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Mike,‎ Glad to know that you will visit our city next week and study here for a month. You are welcome here and I would like to recommend the following cultural activities for you to choose from.‎ First, being a foreign student, you can experience as much Chinese culture as possible. For example, you can join in the Tomb Sweeping Day, which is held on April 5 to honor the dead with activities like flying kites and planting trees. Second, paying a visit to some places of interest is also a good idea such as Mount Heng with natural scenery and religious activities. Besides, located in the Xiangjiang River, Dongzhou Island provides visitors with beautiful environment to relax in and learn about the great philosopher Wang Fuzhi.‎ Hopefully, you will have a wonderful time here.‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ - 26 -‎ 这是一篇应用文。‎ ‎【详解】第1步:根据提示可知，本篇为一封信；假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike在来信中说，他将作为交换生在4月份来你的城市参观和学习一个月。请给他写一封回信，对他表示欢迎并向告知他这段时间能够参加的当地特色的文化活动。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求,确定关键词（组）， 如：would like to愿意；recommend推荐; located in位于；provides visitors with提供等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如you can join in the Tomb Sweeping Day, which is held on April 5 to honor the dead with activities like flying kites and planting trees.定语从句的运用Besides, located in the Xiangjiang River, Dongzhou Island provides visitors with beautiful environment to relax in and learn about the great philosopher Wang Fuzhi.非谓语动词的运用。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。‎ - 26 -‎ - 26 -‎