【英语】2018届二轮复习介词在语法填空、短文改错和写作中的考查学案（9页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习介词在语法填空、短文改错和写作中的考查学案（9页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习　介词在语法填空、短文改错和写作中的考查 Ⅰ.语法填空考点聚焦 考向1　常见介词的考查 ‎1．Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat their hands.(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ 答案　with 解析　with one’s hands 用某人的手。介词with意为“用”。‎ ‎2．The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years.(2016·四川)‎ 答案　for 解析　“for＋时间段”表示持续一段时间。熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾会持续两年多。‎ ‎3．For those who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.(2015·全国Ⅰ)‎ 答案　by 解析　根据句意可知，此处表示“驱车只有一小时的路程”。“by＋交通工具名词”表示乘坐交通工具，为固定短语。‎ ‎4．One day，the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away，she fell over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons tried to make a living the cow.(2015·广东)‎ 答案　without 解析　根据文意可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此Johnson先生一家就不得不在没有了奶牛的情况下生活。故填without。‎ ‎5．Nick replied，“The only reason a man would sell salt(1) a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be ‎ showing a lack of respect (2) the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”(2013·广东)‎ 答案　(1)at　(2)for 解析　(1)at a lower price以较低的价格，故此处用介词at。‎ ‎(2)a lack of respect for the sweat and struggle缺乏对汗水和努力的尊重。‎ 考向2　介词短语中的介词 ‎1．When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day： the same time，they warm up again for the night.(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ 答案　at 解析　at the same time意为“同时”，是一个常用的介词短语。‎ ‎2．When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board.I got a place next the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)‎ 答案　to 解析　此处是一个固定短语next to，意为“挨着”。‎ 考向3　动词短语中的介词 ‎1．But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid1980s...(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ 答案　to 解析　go back to为固定短语，意为“回到，追溯到”。‎ ‎2．Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ 答案　on 解析　我们中的很多人早晨的注意力要比一天中晚些时候的注意力更集中。be focused on专心于，集中于，为固定短语。‎ ‎3．He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.(2015·广东)‎ 答案　for 解析　句意为：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或用牛奶换其他的食物。本句话中exchange 的意思是交换，根据句意可知，Johnson先生用牛奶换其他的食物。这里是用短语exchange...for...，故填介词for。‎ ‎4．Peter：OK.Don’t laugh me.I may look funny.(2014·辽宁)‎ 答案　at 解析　laugh at是固定搭配，意为“嘲笑，取笑”。‎ ‎5．I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged the reservation.(2014·广东)‎ 答案　for 解析　联系空后的the reservation可以知道，“我”的信用卡已经为这次预订支付钱了。be charged for是固定搭配。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)‎ 考向1　介词的遗漏 ‎1．My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ 解析　固定短语dream of doing sth.意为“梦想做某事”。‎ ‎2．We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sit by the lake listening music.(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)‎ 解析　listen为不及物动词，后跟名词时应该加上介词to。‎ ‎3．We appreciate your apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.(2014·辽宁)‎ 解析　figure out制定出，为固定短语。‎ ‎4．If you hear the alarm，stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.(2014·四川)‎ 解析　wait为不及物动词，后面跟宾语时应加介词for。‎ ‎5．Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from its owner.(2014·浙江)‎ 解析　search for 搜查；查找，为固定搭配。‎ 考向2　介词的误用 ‎1．While they chatted，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit the top of the fridge.(2016·浙江)‎ 解析　on the top of...为固定搭配，意为“在……的上面/顶端”。故in改成on。‎ ‎2．Unfortunately， the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.(2015·全国Ⅰ)‎ 解析　with the development of...为固定短语，意为“随着……的发展”。‎ ‎3．One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy a shop window.(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ 解析　玩具是摆放在商店的橱窗里面的，故用介词in。‎ ‎4．My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made glass.(2015·浙江)‎ 解析　be make from和be made of都意为“由……制成”，但be made of是指从制成品中能直接看出原材料；be made from则不能直接看出原料。此处表示教室的三面都是玻璃制成的，能够看出原材料，故用be made of。‎ 考向3　介词的多用 ‎1．Dad cleaned the house，and then went on shopping.(2016·四川)‎ 解析　go shopping去购物，go on shopping继续购物。‎ ‎2．My soccer coach retired in last week.(2015·陕西)‎ 解析　last week上个星期，前面无需加介词。‎ ‎3．Please help with me and give me some advice.(2015·四川)‎ 解析　动词help为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故删除with。句意为：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。‎ 二、介词在短文改错中的考查 ‎3．短文改错中对于介词的考查常会涉及介词误用、漏掉介词或介词多余的情况。‎ 应对策略 ‎(1)如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词或代词前一定是缺少介词。‎ ‎(2)注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。‎ ‎(3)不该用介词的短语中用了介词，如 next year常写成in next year。‎ ‎(4)某些及物动词短语中介词缺失，如look (at)，listen (to)，take care (of)等。‎ ‎(5)有些及物动词多加了介词，如 enter the room常写成enter into the room，return my book常写成return back/to my book等。‎ ‎(6)注意分清连词、副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎(一)‎ ‎1．It is universally acknowledged that everybody is going to die at one point.None of us know the day，or the hour.‎ ‎2．A woman，sitting next to the boy，discovered he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop.‎ ‎3．I haven’t forgotten his name because his first name was the same as mine(I)．‎ ‎4．The problem is，an hour of less sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.‎ ‎5．Children’s Day provides a unique opportunity to contribute to international peace and solidarity(团结)．‎ ‎6．It was not allowed to read from the paper，so Jack had to give the speech from his memory.‎ ‎7．Moon’s Lake House was a restaurant in New York in the 1850s.George Crum was the cook there.‎ ‎8．She took my hands in hers(she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries.‎ ‎9．We can broaden our horizons and know more about the world by watching the latest news and reports.‎ ‎10．Jane was walking round the department store.She remembered how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.‎ ‎11．I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.‎ ‎12．Lionel Messi，a player from the South American country of Argentina，is the greatest soccer player alive today.‎ ‎13．Both teams were in hard training；neither was willing to lose the game.‎ ‎14．A farmer，Mr.Tan，said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour.‎ ‎15．English is now an international language.It is used in many aspects.‎ ‎(二)‎ ‎16．Look back and think how often you’ve judged roughly，said unkind things，pushed yourself ahead at the cost of a friend.‎ ‎17．There are only a few stands in the canteen，leading to lots of students having to line up for food.It is a waste of time，isn’t it?‎ ‎18．At first，they went on a day trip，taking advantage of special trip tickets on the railways.‎ ‎19．It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot within easy reach.‎ ‎20．In the eyes of children，playing on the Internet can only bring them great fun.‎ ‎21．When he came to life，he found himself(he) lying on the ground，bleeding in the head.‎ ‎22．If you could exchange lives with someone for a short time，would you like to do that?‎ ‎23．You can never meet the needs of every customer.Some may prefer light colors while others enjoy dark ones.‎ ‎24．Driver: I’m terribly sorry，officer.I won’t do it again.Could you please let me off with a warning?‎ ‎25．He didn’t leave today.Instead，he decided to stay for another two days.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)‎ ‎(一)‎ ‎1．Nothing is impossible！If you have a dream，your dream will come true as long as you always work hard.To tell you truth，my dream is common.‎ ‎2．Very glad to know that our school broadcasting station needs a new member this term.I’m ‎ writing to apply the position.‎ ‎3．On side of the road were green fields and some farm houses.‎ ‎4．In the summer holiday，we travelled to Qingdao and paid visit to my uncle there.‎ ‎5．As you know it，London is the capital of Britain，which is on the bank of River Thames.‎ ‎6．I was very disappointed when we got the place where she had bought her car! ‎ ‎7．Technology is changing life rapidly，so we should get ready for it.‎ ‎8．This afternoon，we held a class meeting to say goodbye to Zhang Qiang，who was going to study in abroad.‎ ‎9．The little boy looked her and asked whether she was God.‎ ‎10．It will make you familiar Chinese characters and enlarge your vocabulary even before you notice it!‎ ‎11．Though I spoke to them only in simple English that day，I believe in future I will make a greater progress.‎ ‎12．I want to have a pen friend，hopefully a girl in early twenties，and with interests similar to mine.‎ ‎13．I’ve always been dreaming of having an opportunity to travel in Englishspeaking countries like to practise and improve my English.‎ ‎14．We checked in at the airport hour before our plane took off.‎ ‎15．Most online classes let students learn at own pace.‎ ‎(二)‎ ‎16．I told aboutthe firemen that it was my careless cooking that caused the heavy smoke.‎ ‎17．Last Sunday I saw worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for more than three hours.‎ ‎18．As a student，you’d better learn how to write down notes in class before you forget .‎ ‎19．Personally，it’s not good habit to use the Web Language.It may be popular，but you may also make yourself misunderstood.‎ ‎20．The first thing you must do it is to smile at your classmates.‎ ‎21．Hiking is great fun.You will get close to the nature and take exercise at the same time.‎ ‎22．Recently wildlife protection has become increasingly popular topic all over the world.‎ ‎23．82.8% of the students don’t want to share their secrets their parents.‎ ‎24．An incident happening a rainy Sunday afternoon changed my attitude.‎ ‎25．With no better way to express feelings of love and appreciation， is easy to see why everyone turns to the flower shop on Mother’s Day.‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2017·陕西商洛模拟)‎ I was telling my boy Sonny the story of the hare and the tortoise.At the end I said，“Son，remember：Be slow and steady 1. you will win the race.Don’t you think there’s something to learn 2. the tortoise？”‎ Sonny opened his eyes wide，“Do you mean next time when I’m entering for the 60metre race I should wish that Billy，Tony and Sandy would all fall asleep halfway？” I was 3. (shock)，“But the tortoise didn’t wish that the hare would fall asleep！”“He must have wished that，”Sonny said.“Otherwise how could he be so foolish as to race with the hare？He knew very ‎ 4. (good)the hare ran a hundred times faster than he 5. (him)did.”‎ ‎“He didn’t have such 6. wish，” I insisted.“He won the race by perseverance and by pushing on 7. (steady)．”‎ Sonny 8. (think)for a while.“That’s a lie，” he said.“He won it because he was lucky.If the hare hadn’t happened 9. (fall)asleep，the tortoise would never have won the race.He could be as steady as you like，or a hundred times steadier，but he’d never have won the race.That’s for sure.”‎ I gave up.Today’s children are not like 10. we used to be.‎ ‎1．答案　and 解析　句意为：慢一些，稳一些，你就会赢得比赛。本句考查“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。故填and。‎ ‎2．答案　from 解析　句意为：你不认为可以从乌龟身上学点什么吗？从……中学习，故填 from。‎ ‎3．答案　shocked 解析　句意为：我感到很震惊。shocked(人)感到震惊的。故填shocked。‎ ‎4．答案　well 解析　句意为：他非常了解兔子比他自己跑得快百倍。此处应用副词。故填well。‎ ‎5．答案　himself 解析　根据句意可知应用反身代词。故填himself。‎ ‎6．答案　a 解析　句意为：他没有这样一个愿望。wish为可数名词。故填a。‎ ‎7．答案　steadily 解析　句意为：他通过持之以恒和稳步的推进赢得了比赛，此处应用副词修饰动词。故填 steadily。‎ ‎8．答案　thought 解析　本文主要使用了一般过去时，故填thought。‎ ‎9．答案　to fall 解析　happen to do sth.碰巧做某事。故填to fall。‎ ‎10．答案　what 解析　句意为：现在的孩子已不再像我们过去那样了。此处what引导宾语从句，且在从句中作表语，故填 what。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2017·安徽六校教育研究会联考)‎ ‎ Mental health is important to us and it decide our quality of life.Have such a state of mind is beneficial to our study and work.It can also help us be energy in life.Here are my advice，which may show what you should do it every day.First，be aware your advantages and accept you.Remember that nobody likes loneliness and you should go out of your house to make friend with others.What’s more，enjoy your life and work in your own way.Little by little much will found to help you keep mental healthy.‎ 答案　‎ Mental health is important to us and it our quality of life. such a state of mind is beneficial to our study and work.It can also help us be in life.Here my advice，which may show what you should do it every day.First，be aware your advantages and accept .Remember that nobody likes loneliness and you should go out of your house to make with others.What’s more，enjoy your life and work in your own way.Little by little much ‎ will found to help you keep healthy.‎