【英语】2018届人教版选修8一轮复习：Unit3Inventorsandinventions核心词汇学案（7页）

【英语】2018届人教版选修8一轮复习：Unit3Inventorsandinventions核心词汇学案（7页）

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 核心词汇学案（7页）‎ 核心单词 ‎1. distinguish ‎ vi.&vt. 显示¡¡的差别；使¡¡有所不同；辨别（常与from, between连用）；区别；区分 I can distinguish them at a distance. ‎ 从远处我就能认出他们。‎ The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom.‎ 这个人因他的才智而扬名。 ‎ 常用结构：‎ distinguish A from B 辨别A与B ‎ be distinguished from 不同于¡¡‎ be distinguished by 以¡¡为特征 be distinguished for 因¡¡而著称 distinguish oneself 使出众；使著名 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 It is not easy to cultured pearls from genuine pearls.‎ A. distinguish B. separate C. identify D. recognize ‎(1)解析：选A。考查词语辨析。distinguish ...from 辨别，把¡¡和¡¡区别开；separate ...from把¡¡隔开；identify辨别；recognize认出，这两个词后面都不跟from。 ‎ ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①Can you distinguish (中间) those two objects? ‎ ‎②Children should be taught to (分辨是非).‎ ‎③Speech human beings (不同于¡¡) the animals. ‎ ‎④The Chinese nation is (因¡¡而著称) its diligence and courage.‎ 答案：①between ‎② distinguish right from wrong ‎③distinguishes; from ‎④distinguished for ‎ ‎2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的;就近的 常用结构：‎ be convenient to/for sb. 对(某人)方便 It is convenient to do sth. 做某事方便 Our house is very convenient for the shops. ‎ 我们的房子离商店很近。‎ 联想拓展 convenience n. 方便 at your convenience 在你方便的时候 if it suits a persons convenience如果对某人方便 for the convenience of sb. 为了某人方便起见 ‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 Our new house is very for me as I can get to the office in five minutes. ‎ A. Adaptable B. comfortable C. convenient D. available ‎(2)完成句子 ‎ Come and see me (无论你何时方便).‎ ‎(3)选词填空(convenient/convenience)‎ ‎①We must arrange a time and place for the meeting.‎ ‎②I keep my reference books near by desk for . ‎ ‎(1)解析：选C。由in five minutes可知，此处应表示¡°便利的，方便的¡±。A项意为¡°能适应的¡±；B项意为¡°舒适的¡±；D项意为¡°可以利用¡±，均不符合句意。‎ ‎(2)whenever it s convenient to you ‎(3)①convenient ②convenience ‎ ‎3. bear vt. 忍受；具有，带有；显示 （标记或特性）；忍耐；负担 The letter bears no signature.这封信上没有署名。‎ 易混辨析 bear/endure/stand/tolerate bear强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力，常用于否定句中。‎ endure意为¡°经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服¡±，强调持久力和意志坚强，常用于否定句中。‎ stand强调不屈不挠或经受得起，常用于否定句中。‎ 温馨提示 tolerate意为¡°忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗¡±，语气最弱，可用于肯定句和否定句中。bear表示¡°忍受¡±时其后可跟doing sth.表示习惯性动作，也可跟to do sth.表示某一次具体动作，且多与 can, could，be able to连用；作¡°生产，生育¡±讲时，有两种过去分词形式：borne指¡°生产，生育¡±，而 born 指¡°出生¡±。 ‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 I dont think our relationship could the strain of her mother visiting for a month. ‎ A. bear B. tell C. put up D. hold ‎(2)选词填空(bear/endure/stand/tolerate) ‎ ‎①Our tent won¡¯t another storm like the last one. ‎ ‎②I can¡¯t to wait any longer.‎ ‎③Shes already had to three painful operations on her leg. ‎ ‎④I will not that sort of behaviour in my class. ‎ ‎(1)解析：选A。bear 承受，符合句意；tell区别，告诉；put up 举起，张贴；hold持有。‎ ‎(2)①stand ②bear ③endure ④tolerate ‎ ‎4. seize vt. 抓住；捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情﹑愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）；夺 She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。‎ Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。‎ 常用结构：‎ seize/hold of sth. 抓住某物 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住时机 seize on/upon sth. 意识到某事物而立即加以利用 高手过招 完成句子 ‎①His father asked him (抓住时机赚一些钱).‎ ‎②We (身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run.‎ ‎③The critics (抓住) my mistake and said I was ignorant. ‎ 答案： ①to seize the chance to make some money ‎②were seized ③seized on ‎ ‎5. expectation n. 预料；期待；期望 He has little expectation of passing the exam. ‎ 他对考试及格不抱希望。‎ I usually enjoy his films, but the last one didn¡¯ t come to my expectations.‎ 我向来喜欢看他的电影，但最近的一部并不像我期望的那样好。‎ 常用结构：‎ beyond expectation 出乎意料 in expectation of 预料，期望，指望 against all expectation(s) 与预期相反，出乎意料 come up to ones expectations 不负(某人)所望 温馨提示 expectation 为不可数名词，当其意为¡°期望的事物，前景¡±时，常用复数形式。‎ 高手过招 完成句子 ‎ 我们在车站等着，期待她的到来。‎ We waited at the station her arrival. ‎ 答案：in expectation of ‎ 重点短语 ‎6. go through 经历(困难、痛苦等)；通过,成功,成交；审阅,检查；翻找,查看,搜寻；穿过,通过 The plan didnt go through. 计划没通过。 ‎ A terrible noise went through the house. ‎ 一阵可怕的声音响彻整幢房子。‎ 联想拓展 ‎ look through 浏览；看破；温习 read through 通读;连续 flow through 流过;流经；通过¡¡流动 get through 通过;接通;使¡¡成功 search through 搜寻,查找 carry sth. through 成功地完成 put sth. through 完成或达成（计划、方案） ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 I have never this kind of thing, so I¡¯m afraid. ‎ A. look through B. looked through C. got through D. gone through 解析：选D。根据句意可知，此处应意为¡°经历，经手¡±。故选D。 ‎ ‎7. call up 征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；给¡¡打电话 He called me up to tell me the good news. ‎ 他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。‎ I was called up three months after war broke out.‎ 战争爆发后的第三个月，我被应征入伍。‎ 联想拓展 call back 召回；回电话；收回处理 call on/at 拜访(on后跟人；at后跟地点名词)‎ call for 要求;提倡;为¡¡叫喊 call forth 使产生；引起 call in 召集;召来;来访 call off 取消；延期 call out 出动;唤起;大声叫唤 call on ...to do号召¡¡做 ‎ 高手过招 用适当的介词或副词填空 ‎ ‎①This is the work that calls patience. ‎ ‎②Human Rights groups are calling the release of political prisoners. ‎ ‎③He had to call the meeting because of the bad weather.‎ ‎④I¡¯ll call him tomorrow, do you want to visit him with me?‎ ‎⑤The company has called all such models as built in 1990.‎ ‎⑥The government then called troops to deal with the disturbances.‎ ‎⑦The old photo calls memories of my childhood.‎ ‎ ‎ 答案：①for ②for ③off ④on ⑤back ⑥ in ⑦up ‎ ‎8. get through 设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；(设法)做完；通过考试；用光；用完；使成功;使理解;明 白 ‎ We were all delighted when we heard you had got through the exam. ‎ 听到你通过考试时，我们都很高兴。‎ 联想拓展 get across 通过；使¡¡理解 get over 越过，克服（困难）；从（疾病）¡¡恢复过来 get through with 结束；完成；花光（钱财等） ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 I couldn¡¯t .The line was busy. ‎ go by B. go around C. get in D. get through ‎ 解析：选D。由¡°The line was busy¡±可知，这里指¡°电话没有接通¡±。go by 从旁边经过；go around走来走去；get in收获；get through接通电话，符合句意。 ‎ ‎9. set about sth./doing sth./(to do)‎ ‎(不用于被动语态) 开始（某工作）； 着手做某事 I must set about my packing. 我得开始收拾行李了。‎ The new government must set about finding solutions to the countrys economic problems. ‎ 新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。 ‎ 联想拓展 set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边；节省或保留（钱或时间）‎ set sth. down 将某事物记在纸上； 写下来 set out 出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作 set off 开始（旅行、赛跑等）‎ set sth. off 使（炸弹、地雷等）爆炸 set to 精力充沛地开始做某事 set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物；创（体育）纪录 ‎ 高手过招 用适当的介词填空（原创）‎ ‎①I don¡¯t know how to set this job. ‎ ‎②She set a new world record time the 100metre race.‎ ‎③They set on the last stage their journey. ‎ ‎④How do senior managers set making these decisions? ‎ 答案：① about ②up; in ③out; of ④about ‎ ‎10. in case 如果；以防万一；万一 It may rain-youd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does). ‎ 可能下雨¡ª¡ª你最好带把伞，以防万一（下起来）。‎ 联想拓展 in case of sth. 若发生某事；假如 in any case 无论如何；总之 in no case 在任何情形下决不；无论如何都不 in that case 既然那样；假若是那样的话 高手过招 完成句子 ‎① (遇火灾时), ring the alarm bell. ‎ ‎②You don¡¯t like your job? (既然那样), why don¡¯t you leave?‎ ‎③Bring some money with you (以防万一) you want to buy something.‎ 答案：①In case of fire ‎ ‎ ② In that case ‎ ‎ ③in case ‎ 重点句型 ‎11. The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. ‎ 我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我。但是，看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。‎ 在there be结构中，be的人称与数应遵循就近原则。‎ There was a bucket of water and two chairs in the corner of the house.‎ 在房子的角落里有一桶水和两把椅子。‎ There are two chairs and a bucket of water in the corner of the house.‎ 在房子的角落里有两把椅子和一桶水。‎ 联想拓展 there be的常见形式有：there seems to be...／there happens to be...／there used to ‎ be ...etc.‎ 高手过招 根据句意在横线上填入适当的单词 ‎①The child seems (be) healthy, but the doctor is concerned. ‎ ‎②It seems to me there¡¯s something funny about the case.‎ ‎③There doesn¡¯t seem (be) much hope that he¡¯ll come. ‎ 答案： ①to be ②that ③to be ‎ ‎12. ...but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson. ‎ ‎¡¡但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。‎ 该句是¡°It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他¡±结构。‎ 句中用了¡°not ...until ...¡±的强调句结构，此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是用在强调句型中，till与until可通用；另外主句中的否定词not 要提出来，放在until之前一起强调，因此that后面的从句要用肯定句，不能再用否定句。‎ He didnt go to bed until/till his wife came back.‎ ‎=It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. ‎ 直到他的妻子回来他才睡觉。‎ 温馨提示 not until置于句首时，要用部分倒装句型，这时要注意从句不倒装，只倒装主句。‎ Not until last week did they find the lost bike. ‎ 直到上个星期他们才找到丢失的自行车。‎ Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time.‎ 我的儿子直到上了大学之后才意识到时间的重要性。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①It was midnight back home after the experiment. ‎ A. until; that he went B. until; that he didnt go C. not until; that he didnt D. not until; that he went ‎②Not until I began to work realize how much time I had wasted. ‎ didn¡¯t I B. did I C. I didn¡¯t D. I ‎ ①解析：选D。从题干和选项很容易看出这是一个含有not until 的强调句。基本句型为¡°It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他成分¡±，故排除A、B两项。否定词not 已提前，故主句中为肯定句，故选D。句意为：直到半夜做完实验后他才回来。‎ ‎②解析：选B。not until的倒装句型，用部分倒装，助动词提到主语之前，而且not已经移到句首，因此句中不能再出现，故选B。‎ ‎ ‎