【英语】2018届二轮复习动词时态和语态典题讲与练学案（7页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习动词时态和语态典题讲与练学案（7页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 动词时态和语态典题讲与练 谓语动词真题再现：‎ ‎1. It was raining lightly when I _________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. ‎ ‎2.Yangshuo _____ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ ‎3.At the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _____ (go) day after day. The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. ‎ ‎4.In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It ____(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. ‎ ‎5. A boy on a bike ________ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. ‎ ‎6.Mum: (putting on her coat) I’m going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.‎ Alan: Why?‎ Mum: I’m not sure what _________ (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table when I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because they’re gone.‎ ‎7.Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasn’t me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of the fridge?‎ Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I ____ ________ (put) them there when the phone rang. ‎ 答案解析 ‎1.由主句谓语动词“was raining”和后句的谓语动词“didn’t care”可知，arrive应用一般过去时。句意是“当我们在天亮前到达阳朔时，正在下着小雨”。‎ ‎2. 指目前的状态或客观存在的状态，用一般现在时，下句谓语动词names是一般现在时，也有提示作用；主语Yangshuo是第三人称单数，故填is。‎ ‎3. 因上句谓语动词“warm up”与下句中的谓语动词“warm up”和“cool off”都是一般现在时，故此处的go也用一般现在时才能保持时态一致；主语This cycle是第三人称单数，故填goes。‎ ‎4. 指1969年的情况，用一般过去时，上下句谓语动词的时态(was, could)也提示我们用一般过去时，指当时无法想象；又因主语It是第三人称单数，故填was。‎ ‎5.在句中作谓语，考虑时态和语态；a boy与catch是主动关系，又由语境(如was riding)可知用一般过去时，故填caught。‎ ‎6. 在宾语从句中，what是主语，happen应为谓语动词，故要考虑其时态；从下文made, left, went, must have taken(一定已拿走)等可知，用一般过去时。 ‎ ‎7. 从语境中可知，意思是“我一定是在电话铃响时把它们放进那里了”，对过去情况的推测，表示“一定已经”，用“must have done”。(注：像此题这样需要考生根据上下文语气增加情态动词且用完成式这种复杂形式，在高考语法填空中考查的可能性极小)‎ 思路点拨：当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。‎ ‎1.时态 确定时态的四条依据：‎ ‎(1)依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去/现在/将来)，空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据(如上述真题3和4) 但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。‎ ‎(2)依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。如：‎ ‎(2015广东卷) While making great efforts to run away, she _____ (fall) over the hill and died.‎ ‎ 解析：由and died可知，与之并列的fall也用一般过去时，故填fell。‎ ‎(3)依据时间状语。如recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, in the past few years常与现在完成时连用；by the end of, since 1980, for three years常与完成时连用。‎ ‎(4)依据固定句式。请熟读以下句式并体会句中的时态。‎ This is the second time that I have spoken to a foreigner.这是我第二次同外国人讲话。‎ It was the second time that I had spoken to a foreigner. 这是我第二次同外国人讲话。‎ Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 我一上公交车，就开动了。‎ I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang.我刚躺下，电话铃就响了 I was doing my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正在做作业，突然她走了进来。‎ I was about to do my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正要做作业，突然她走了进来。‎ I was on the point of going out when the phone rang.我正要出去，电话响了。‎ ‎2.语态 主语是谓语动词的执行者，即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用主动语态；主语是谓语动词的承受者，即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，用被动语态。如：(2014广东卷) … but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We __________(tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week…‎ 解析：句中tell (告诉)后没有sb.(人)作宾语，由tell sb. sth.这一句型可知，要用被动语态；又由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时；主语是we，构成被动语态的be用were，故填were told。‎ ‎3.语气 是否用虚拟语气，主要由一些特殊的词或句式来决定，详见考点归纳。如：‎ ‎(2012广东卷) Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing sunglasses. He walked in as ‎ if he ______ _______(buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.‎ 解析：因buy在主格人称代词he后, 显然是作谓语; 又由语境可知，他不是真的买下了这个学校, 只是他走进来时的那种气势好像是买下了这所学校一样，故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。‎ ‎4. 主谓一致 一般来说，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数; 主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。以上［真题再练］的第2, 3, 4题都涉及主谓一致。又如：‎ ‎(2008广东卷) Being too anxious to help an event develop often _______ (result) in the contrary to our intention.‎ 解析：句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，result应是谓语动词；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。‎ 考点归纳 谓语动词涉及时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个考点。以下重点提醒其中两个。‎ ‎1.时态 尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态，但近两年全国卷和九年广东卷的高考真题只考查了一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。‎ 尽管如此，以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还是应掌握的：‎ ‎2.语气 掌握以下两类八条。具体情况典型例句(熟读背诵(烂记于心)‎ 过去式 1. if引导虚拟条件句If I were you, I should take my time.如果我是你，我就不着急。 2 .without, but for, otherwise等引出的含蓄虚拟条件But for your help I would have fallen in the exam.要不是有你的帮助，我这次考试就过不了关。‎ ‎3. wish后的宾语从句 I wish I had a house in Guangzhou, but I can’t afford one.我多希望在广州有房，可是我买不起。‎ ‎4. if only后的句子 If only I were rich.要是我很富有，多好呀！‎ ‎5. would rather后的句子I’d rather you hadn’t said that. 我真希望你没有那样说过。‎ ‎6. as if /though后的句子(可能用) Mr. Li, my English teacher, treats me as if I were his own son.英语老师李老师像对待他儿子般对待我。‎ ‎(should+)‎ Should+动词原形：7.一个“坚持(insist)” 二个“命令(order, command)” 三个“建议(advise, suggest /propose/desire , recommend)” 四个“要求(ask, request, require, demand)”‎ 当主语为advice, suggestion, order, proposal等词时后接表语从句，表语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的内如：     My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。‎ ‎8. It is necessary/ natural / important/ strange/vital/ that…‎ 典题演练 ‎1. (2015广东卷) He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what ________ (leave). ‎ ‎2. (2013广东卷) Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt…”‎ ‎3. (2011广东卷) I noticed a man sitting at the front. He ____________ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. ‎ ‎4. (2010广东卷) After a four-day journey, the young man ___________ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink… ‎ ‎5. (2009广东卷)…people stepped on your feet or ________(push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. ‎ ‎6. (2009广东卷) “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ” Jane _______ ________ (inform).‎ ‎7. (2007广东卷) I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car ______(break) down near a remote village. ‎ ‎8. Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, ______(look) at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.‎ ‎9. In the last few years, China __________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection. ‎ ‎10. I __________(hear) nothing from him up to now.‎ ‎11. He was about to tell me the secret when someone ______ (pat) him on the shoulder.‎ ‎12. He ____________(think) about the problem when an apple fell to the ground.‎ ‎13. This is the first time that our whole class __________ (go) out together for a picnic.‎ ‎14. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _____________ (interrupt) me that evening.‎ ‎15. Hardly had the game begun when it ________ (start) raining. ‎ ‎16. It is reported that a space station _____ _____(build) on the moon in years to come. ‎ ‎17. As you go through this book, you ____ ______ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. ‎ ‎18. Whatever she _____ (say) will not make any difference to our arrangements.‎ ‎19. The real reason why prices _____ (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. ‎ ‎20. If only I _____________(listen) to my parents at that time! But it’s too late now.‎ ‎21. If only I ________(can) play the piano as well as Lang Lang.‎ ‎22. I wish I _________(fly) freely in the sky like a bird.‎ ‎23. But for your help we _________ ______ (be) late. ‎ ‎24. The Gadfly insisted that the work _________________ (finish) by the middle of June.‎ ‎25. He insisted that he _____(be) not ill, but the doctor insisted that he ________ ______ (take) the medicine. ‎ ‎26. I ordered that the gate __________ _______ (lock).‎ ‎27. A lighted sign commanded that seat belts ___________________ (fasten).‎ ‎28. Her pale face suggested that she ____ (be) ill and her mother suggested she ___________ (see) a doctor.‎ ‎29. They advise that a passport ________ _______ (carry) with you at all times.‎ ‎30. She requested that no one ________ ______ (tell) of her decision until the next meeting.‎ ‎31. Oh, it is natural that she ________ (have) different views.‎ ‎32. Tom was not there that day, but he described the scene as vividly as if he _________(be) there. ‎ ‎33. Would you mind if I ______ (ask) you to do something? ‎ ‎34. I should apply for the post if I _____ (be) you. I think you stand a good chance. ‎ ‎35. If it ____________________________ (rain) tomorrow, we’d stay at home. ‎ ‎36. If you ____________(listen) to me, you wouldn’t have made so many mistakes. ‎ ‎37.They didn’t take many chances in their lives. They usually _________ (follow) orders. ‎ ‎38.I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he __________ (break) his finger. ‎ ‎39. I was certain she would like it because I _______ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. ‎ ‎40. If you are intereted in something,_______(devote) yourself to it and surely you will make it. ‎ ‎41.Being too anxious about the result ________ (result) in the contrary to our intention. ‎ ‎42. Children must______________(instruct) in road safety before they are allowed to ride a bike on the road.‎ 答案：‎ ‎1. was left2.found 3.was pretending4.presented 5.pushed 6.was informed ‎7. broke8.look9.has made 10.have heard11.patted 12.was thinking13.have gone 14.had interrupted 15.started16.will be built17. Will find18.says 19.were 20.had listened 21.could22.could fly 23.would have been24.should be finished25. Was, should take26.should be locked 27. Should be fastened28. Was, should see;29.should be carried30. Should be told31. Should have32. Had been33. Asked34. Were 35.were to rain/should rain/rained 36.had listened37.followed38.had broken39.was told 40.devote 41.results 42.be instructed