【英语】2018届人教版选修六一轮复习：Unit4　Globalwarming单元学案

【英语】2018届人教版选修六一轮复习：Unit4　Globalwarming单元学案

‎　Unit 4　Global warming单元学案 Period One　WarmingUp，Prereading and Reading ‎1 Make a list of the things that consume energy in your home，school，or any other places you can think of.列举一些在家里、学校里或者其他你能想到的地方消耗能量的东西。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The car consumes a lot of fuel.这辆汽车很费燃料。‎ She consumed the big cake.她把那块大蛋糕吃光了。‎ 归纳拓展 consumer n．消费者 consumption n．消费(量)，消耗(量)‎ timeconsuming adj.耗费时间的 consumer goods(家用)消费品 consuming adj.使人全神贯注的；强烈的 ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)新的灯泡耗电量更小。‎ The_new_light_bulbs_consume_less_electricity.‎ ‎(2)足球让许多孩子都非常着迷 Football_is_a_consuming_passion_for_lots_of_kids.‎ ‎2 So how has this come about and does it matter?‎ 那么这是如何产生的，有什么要紧吗？(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 whether he is satisfied.‎ 他满意与否对我关系不大(不重要)。‎ 归纳拓展 matter可用作名词，意为“物质，物品；要紧，重要性；问题，毛病(与with连用)”。‎ organic (inorganic) matter有机(无机)物 Any kind of matter has three states.‎ 任何物质都有三种状态。‎ It makes no matter to us whether he will come.‎ 他来不来对我们无关紧要。‎ a matter of ……的事情/问题 as a matter of fact＝in fact事实上 no matter whether (if)不管是否 ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)他问我出了什么事。‎ He_asked_me_what_was_the_matter.‎ ‎(2)他问我那是什么东西(物质)‎ He_asked_me_what_the_matter_was.‎ ‎3 All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy.所有的科学家都支持地球温度升高是由于燃烧像煤、天然气和石油等化石燃料来制造能量而引起的这种观点。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Chris subscribes to an environmental action group.‎ 克里斯定期捐款给一个环保行动组织。‎ We don’t subscribe to the view that we have failed.‎ 我们不同意我们已经失败了的观点。‎ What newspaper do you subscribe to?‎ 你订阅哪份报纸？‎ 归纳拓展 subscribe to...订阅(报纸或杂志)；同意，赞同……；向……捐款 subscribe for...认购(股票)‎ subscription n.‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)我们订阅所有主要的医学杂志。‎ We subscribe_to all the main medical journals.‎ ‎(2)你同意这个建议吗？‎ Do you subscribe_to the proposal?‎ ‎4 This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere，like carbon dioxide...即当大气中微量气体像二氧化碳……(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 A million dollars is a large amount of money to me.‎ ‎100万美元对我来说是一笔巨款。‎ No amount of discussion will help.‎ 再多的讨论也没有帮助。‎ 归纳拓展 ＋不可数名词，大量/少量的…… ‎ the amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词 a large amount of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 large amounts of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用复数 完成句子 ‎(1)账单上金额总计多少？‎ What is the_amount of the bill?‎ ‎(2)一定的压力可以是好事。‎ A_certain_amount of stress can be a good thing.‎ ‎5 The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 He prefers quantity to quality when food is concerned.‎ 就食物而言，他讲究量不讲究质。‎ Quantities of food and tents were sent to Wenchuan from Shandong.‎ 大量的食品和帐篷被从山东运到汶川。‎ 归纳拓展 in quantity大量 quantities of＋＋复数谓语动词 许多的，大量的 a quantity of＋ 许多的，大量的 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)房间里有许多老鼠。‎ There are quantities_of rats in the room.‎ ‎(2)那家印刷公司成批买纸。‎ The printing office buys paper in_quantity.‎ ‎6 It means that more heat energy tends_to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.它意味着更多的热能会被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 She tends to get angry too easily.她很容易生气。‎ Mom was usually busy tending (to) my younger sisters.‎ 妈妈通常要忙于照顾我的妹妹们。‎ 归纳拓展 tend to do sth.往往……；趋向于……‎ tend (to) sb./sth.照顾……；看护……‎ tend towards有……倾向 tendency n.‎ tendentious adj.‎ ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)健身房6点钟左右往往很忙。‎ The_gym_tends_to_get_very_busy_at_about_six_o’clock.‎ ‎(2)一队军医在照看伤员。‎ A_team_of_army_doctors_were_tending_the_wounded.‎ ‎7 In fact，Hambley states，“More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing...”实际上，汉姆布雷说：“更多的二氧化碳是一件好事……”(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 state v．陈述，说明，阐明，往往是“详细陈述”之意，是正式用词，其名词形式为statement(陈述)。‎ He didn’t state whether the information was true.‎ 他没有说明信息是否属实。‎ ‎“Jemma is going back with me，”George stated firmly.‎ ‎“杰玛会和我一起回去，”乔治坚决地说。‎ 归纳拓展 state a fact/opinion陈述事实/观点 state the obvious陈述显而易见的事 state n．状态，状况，情形；政府；州，邦 The child’s poor state of health makes his parents anxious.‎ 孩子健康欠佳使得父母很焦虑。‎ If elected，they want to cut back the powers of the state.‎ 如果当选，他们要削减政府的权力。‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)图书馆里一切井然有序。‎ Everything in the library is in a_state_of_order.‎ ‎(2)候选人在一系列的会议上陈述了他们的情况。‎ The candidates stated their case at a series of meetings.‎ ‎8range n．种类，范围；一系列；变化的幅度；界限；射程 ‎“...it will encourage a greater range of animals—all of which will make life for human beings better.”“……，还会促进动物种类的增多——所有这些都能改善人们的生活。”(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 This store sells a wide range/wide ranges of TV sets.‎ 这家商店出售各种型号的电视机。‎ The price of the house is well beyond our range.‎ 房子的价格远远超出了我们能承受的范围。‎ 归纳拓展 in/within range (of sth.)(……的)范围之内 out of range (of sth.)(……的)范围之外 range还可以用作动词，表示“(在一定范围内)变化、变动；排列，整理；涉及”。‎ Costs range from 50 to several hundred pounds.‎ 花费在50英镑到九百英镑之间。‎ They asked questions ranging over the whole subject of science.‎ 他们所提的问题广泛涉及整个自然科学领域。‎ Boxes of books were ranged against the wall.‎ 成箱的书靠墙排列着。‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)这些汽车的价格在5万美元和12万美元之间。‎ The prices of the cars range_from 50,000 dollars to 120,000 dollars.‎ ‎(2)请将货物整齐地排列在商店橱窗里。‎ Please range the goods neatly in the shop window.‎ ‎9 So how has this come_about and does it matter？那么这是如何发生的，是否要紧？(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The driver wouldn’t tell me how the accident came about.‎ 司机就是不告诉我事故是怎么发生的。‎ The situation should never have come about.‎ 这种情况本来不应该发生的。‎ 归纳拓展 come across偶遇；穿越 come back回来；重新流行 come down降下；减低；传下来；崩塌 come in进来；到达 come out出来；开花；出版；结果是……‎ come up上来；被提出讨论；发芽(无被动式)‎ come up with追上，赶上，不落后 come to结果达到；总数达到；苏醒 come along进展，进行 ‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？‎ Can you tell me how the accident came_about?‎ ‎(2)我真不明白你居然犯了这么个错误。‎ I’ll never understand how_it_came_about that you made such a mistake.‎ ‎10 They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted_in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们还认为是由于越来越多的燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The fire resulted in eleven people being killed and the destruction of the factory.‎ 火灾造成了十一人死亡，工厂被烧毁。‎ The fresh policy results in economic development.‎ 那项新政策促进经济发展。‎ 归纳拓展 result是不及物动词，与in连用，表示“引起某种结果”，句子的主语是原因，in的宾语是结果。‎ result from “由于……而造成的后果”，后接导致某事的原因 result in后接某事的结果 as a result为固定词组，意为“结果，因此”，在句中作状语，常置于句首，并用逗号和句子隔开 as a result of...作为……的结果 without result毫无结果地 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)他们的争端导致了战争。‎ Their dispute resulted_in war.‎ ‎(2)成功源于努力工作。‎ Success results_from hard work.‎ ‎11 On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are_opposed_to this view，...另一方面，有一些人反对这种观点，像汉姆布雷，……(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 I am opposed to the new plan.我反对这项新计划。‎ They were firmly opposed to helping the bad boy.‎ 他们坚决反对帮助这个坏男孩。‎ 归纳拓展 be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)……‎ as opposed to与……不同；而不是 opposing adj.对立的；截然相反的 oppose vt.反对；抵制 ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)他强烈反对这场战争。‎ He_was_bitterly_opposed_to_the_war.‎ ‎(2)一些居民反对以马丁·路德·金的名字命名这所高中。‎ Some_residents_were_opposed_to_naming_the_high_school_after_Martin_Luther_King.‎ ‎12 Greenhouse gases continue to build_up in the atmosphere.温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Traffic is building up车辆在增多。‎ This built up my hope after the interview.‎ 面试过后增加了我的希望。‎ 归纳拓展 build up one’s health增进健康 build up a good reputation树立良好的声誉 build up the business扩大企业 build up a picture of...构思……；设想……‎ build bridges沟通 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)她白手起家，生意逐渐兴隆。‎ She built the business up from nothing.‎ ‎(2)体育运动能增强我们的体质。‎ Sports and games can build_up_our_bodies.‎ ‎1 用法点拨 There is no doubt that you will succeed if you try your best.‎ 毫无疑问如果你尽最大努力你一定会成功。‎ There is no doubt that Americans are deep in love with the computer.毫无疑问，美国人已深深爱上了电脑。‎ I have no doubt that we shall be able to do something for you.‎ 毫无疑问，我们能为你做点事。‎ 归纳拓展 在 There is/I have no doubt 后常可跟 that 引导的从句；在肯定句中，doubt 后面有时可跟 whether 引导的从句。There is no/some room for doubt... 没有怀疑余地/有可疑处……‎ 常用结构：‎ There is no knowing/telling...没法知道/说……‎ There is no need...没有必要……‎ There is no question...……是没有问题的 There is no reason...没有理由……‎ There is no possibility that没有可能……‎ It is no/small wonder that /No wonder that... 难怪……‎ It is a wonder that...真奇怪/真是令人惊奇……‎ 句型转换 ‎(1)It is certain that he will come back at once.‎ There is no doubt that he will be back in no time.‎ I have no doubt that he will be back immediately.‎ I have no doubt of his coming back before long.‎ There is no room for doubt that he will be back soon.‎ ‎(2)He doesn’t need to stay in Paris any more.‎ There is no need for him to remain in Paris any more.‎ ‎2“We can’t predict the climate well enough to know what to expect,...”“我们预报气候不够准确以至于不能知道要发生的事……” 用法点拨 She doesn’t sing well enough to be a singer.‎ 她唱得不够好以至于不能成为歌唱家。‎ I don’t know him well enough to tell what he wants.‎ 我对他不太了解以至于无法说出他要什么。‎  归纳拓展 not...enough to do sth.要译成“不够……以至于不能……”；enough表示它前面的形容词、副词的程度，不定式表示由此产生的结果或行动，enough后面不能接that从句。‎ so...as to...(表示结果)如此……以致……‎ so...that...(引起结果从句，口语中可省略that)如此……以致……‎ such...as to...这样……以致……‎ such...that...(可省略that)如此……以致……‎ so that(引起目的从句，常与may，can，will连用；从句在后，从句前无逗号)为了，以便；(也可引起结果从句，从句前可用逗号隔开)因此 ‎ 句型转换 ‎(1)She is so young that she can’t go to school.‎ She is not old enough to go to school.‎ She is so young as not to go to school.‎ She is such a young girl that she can’t go to school.‎ ‎(2)Are you so naive as to imagine this is not taking place elsewhere?‎ Are you naive enough_to imagine this is not taking place elsewhere?‎ Are you so naive that you will imagine this is not taking place elsewhere?‎ 全球在变暖——这会带来什么影响吗？‎ 在20世纪期间，地球温度大约上升了华氏1度。这个数值对你我来说很可能是无所谓的，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响呢？“关爱地球”组织的索菲·阿姆斯特朗就在探究这些问题。‎ 毫无疑问，地球是在变暖(见表一，略)，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致而成的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。‎ 所有的科学家赞同这种观点：人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气和石油等)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫做“温室”气体，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。贾尼丝·福斯特博士解释说：“有一种科学家称之为‘温室效应’的自然现象。这种现象发生在大气层中少量的气体(如二氧化碳、甲烷、水蒸汽等)吸收太阳的热量，使地球变暖的时候。如果没有这种‘温室效应’，地球的温度将比现在的温度还要低33摄氏度左右。因此，我们需要这些气体。当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。”‎ 我们知道，在过去100～150年期间，二氧化碳的含量急剧增加了。有一位名叫查尔斯·基林的科学家曾经把1957～1997年期间大气层中二氧化碳的含量作了精确的统计。他发现，在这些年里，大气层中的二氧化碳含量从315/1 000 000上升到370/1 000 000。(见表二，略)‎ 所有科学家都接受这个数据。他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。那么气温会升到多高？福斯特博士说，在今后的100年里，全球变暖的量可能低到1～1.5摄氏度，但是也有可能高达5摄氏度。‎ 然而，科学家们在对待升温的态度上却是大不相同的。一方面，福斯特博士认为气温升高5度的趋势可能是一场大灾难，她说：“对于未来的气候，我们不可能作出精确的预测，但是那时的天气可能是很糟糕的。”同意她的观点的其他科学家认为，全球变暖会导致海平面上升好几米；也有人预言会出现严重的风暴、洪涝、干旱、饥荒、疫病和物种的绝灭。在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。汉布利实际上是这样说的：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事，它使植物成长更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物的生长——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”‎ 温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。没有人知道全球变暖会带来什么样的影响。这是不是意味着我们就不必采取任何措施呢？还是说，这样不采取任何措施危险性会很大 呢？‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Our country is making efforts to switch from coal to a cleaner fuel.‎ ‎2．This store sells a wide range(种类) of TV sets.‎ ‎3．If you compare British football with American football，you’ll find many differences.‎ ‎4．A child who can remember 3,000 English words at the age of 3 would be called an unusual phenomenon(现象)．‎ ‎5．The food was enough in quantity(数量)，but not very good in quality.‎ ‎6．Though he is less than one year old，he is strong enough to walk steadily.‎ ‎7．In consequence of a terrible earthquake the whole city was destroyed.‎ ‎8．Do you know when this word came into existence(存在)?‎ Ⅱ.短语填空 1.The flood has resulted_in many thousands of deaths in that area.‎ ‎2．How did this terrible traffic accident come_about?‎ ‎3．Every year our school subscribes_to many magazines and newspapers for teachers and students.‎ ‎4．Please put up your hands if you are_opposed_to the final decision.‎ ‎5．In the last few months the price of goods is going_up.‎ ‎6．I can’t finish the work within three days even_if I work day and night.‎ ‎7．If you keep_on studying English hard，you will get high marks in the exam.‎ ‎8．They were building_up their military strength for a drive against the city.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎1．We depend on energy to do many things in our daily lives.‎ It_is energy that we depend on to do many things in our daily lives.‎ ‎2．A greenhouse is made of glass and is used for growing plants.‎ A greenhouse made of glass is used for growing plants. ‎ ‎3．It is certain that our teacher will get over his illness in a month.‎ There is no doubt that our teacher will get over his illness in a month.‎ ‎4．The air inside the greenhouse is warm because the glass traps the heat from the sun.‎ The air inside the greenhouse is warm because of the glass trapping the heat from the sun.‎ ‎5．It was so dark that he could hardly see the faces of his companions.‎ It was not light enough for him to see the faces of his companions.‎ ‎6．Not only his friends but also Mr. White was invited to the party.‎ Mr. White as well as his friends was invited to the party.‎ Ⅳ.用恰当的介、副词填空 ‎1．What other things do we use energy for?‎ ‎2．A greenhouse is made of glass and is used for growing plants，especially during cold weather.‎ ‎3．Any damage resulting from carelessness must be paid for.‎ ‎4．Can you explain to me how it came about?‎ ‎5．Their pressure on the enemy is building up.‎ ‎6．Don’t keep on asking silly questions.‎ Ⅴ.单项填空 ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1．How does it________that you didn’t report the theft until two days after it occurred?‎ A．come across B．come about C．came into D．come along 答案　B 解析　come about“发生”，相当于happen。How does /did it come about that...？是一固定句式，意为“……怎么发生的？”。‎ ‎2．—Wait until we get a satisfactory reply，will you?‎ ‎— ________.The idea sounds great to me.‎ A．I don’t think so B．It’s up to you C．It couldn’t be any worse D．I couldn’t agree more 答案　D 解析　考查交际用语。从上下文可知对上文的提议很是赞同，D项I couldn’t agree more“我再同意不过了”，是用比较级形式表达最高级的意思。A、B、C三选项均不符合题意。‎ ‎3．The teacher glanced________that student who was busy drawing a picture.‎ A．about B．to C．at D．by 答案　C 解析　glance at为一固定搭配，意为“匆匆看一眼，瞥一眼”。 ‎ ‎4．With no rain for three months and food supplies________out，the situation here is getting from bad to worse.‎ A．run B．running C．to run D．to be run 答案　B 解析　run out“用光，耗尽”，为一不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，故排除掉D项；由于题干为with的复合结构，排除A项；run out用进行时态表将来，所以选择B项running这一现在分词形式。‎ ‎5．—Were all the three people in the car injured in the accident?‎ ‎—No，________only the two passengers who got hurt.‎ A．it was B．there is C．it were D．there was 答案　A 解析　考查强调句型这一知识点。‎ ‎6．________other good students，the teacher thinks，Hank is a more satisfying student.‎ A．Comparing with B．Comparing to C．Compared with D．To compare with 答案　C 解析　考查动词短语compare with/to的非谓语动词形式的用法，常用其过去分词形式放在句首作状语。‎ ‎7．—I’m not at all satisfied with the shoes I bought in your shop yesterday.‎ ‎—________‎ A．What’s the matter?‎ B．Certainly.‎ C．You can’t change another pair.‎ D．How can you say that?‎ 答案　A 解析　考查交际用语。根据上下文可知，只能选择A项，意为“什么事？”“怎么了？”，其他选项不符合语境。‎ ‎8．Du Li’s failure in her first shooting match________her nerves.‎ A．resulted in B．resulted from C．is resulted in D．as a result 答案　B 解析　result in“导致”“致使”；result from“起因于”“由……导致”；as a result“结果”。根据句意“杜丽在第一次射击比赛中的失败是由于她的紧张”知应选B。‎ ‎9．I have no doubt________we shall be able to do something for you.‎ A．that B．if C．whether D．why 答案　A 解析　have no doubt that...“……没有疑问”；在否定句中，引导词用that。‎ ‎10．Exercise________our muscles，so does thinking to our minds.‎ A．builds B．build C．builds up D．build up 答案　C 解析　build up“增进健康”“锻炼体质”；build“建造”“建设”；exercise作“运动，体格锻炼”讲时为不可数名词。根据句意“运动锻炼我们的肌肉，同样地，思考锻炼我们的头脑”可知，选项C正确。‎ ‎11．His interests________from sports to music.‎ A．range B．extend C．go D．change 答案　A 解析　range“(在……范围内)变化”。根据句意“从运动到音乐；他的兴趣广泛”可知，A项正确。‎ ‎12．He’s got himself into a dangerous situation________he is likely to lose control over the plane.‎ A．where B．which C．while D．why 答案　A 解析　定语从句的先行词为situation，stage, activity，point等时，引导词常用where。‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa.__1__ I last met this man eight years ago，I have not forgotten his __2__ qualities.First of all，I respected his __3__ to teaching.Because his lectures were always wellprepared and clearly delivered，students crowded into his classroom.His followers liked the fact that he __4__ what he taught.Furthermore，he could be counted on to explain his ideas in an __5__ way，introducing such aids(辅助) to __6__ as oil paintings，music，and guest lectures.Once he __7__ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.__8__，I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them __9__ the telephone.Drinking coffee in the cafe，he would easily make friends with students.Sometimes he would __10__ a student to a game of chess(国际象棋)．__11__，he would join student groups to discuss a variety of __12__：agriculture，diving and mathematics.Many young people visited him in his office for __13__ on their studies；others came to his home for social evening.Finally，I was __14__ by his lively sense of humor(幽默)．He believed that no lesson is a success __15__，during it，the students and the professor __16__ at least one loud __17__.Through his sense of humor，he made learning more __18__ and more lasting.If it is __19__ that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry，__20__ my friend is indeed a wise man.‎ ‎1．A.Although B．When C．Even if D．Now that 答案　A 解析　因为是让步关系，故选A。‎ ‎2．A.basic B．special C．common D．particular 答案　D 解析　时光已过8年仍然记忆犹新，则此教授必有“与众不同”之处。particular常表示“特定的”之意，所以选D。‎ ‎3．A.attention B．introduction C．relation D．devotion 答案　D 解析　固定短语devote (devotion) to。‎ ‎4．A.insisted on B．talked about C．believed in D．agreed with 答案　C 解析　他对自己的课深信不疑才能讲得头头是道。其他几个意义不合适。‎ ‎5．A.imaginative B．ordinary C．opposite D．open 答案　A 解析　有时用工具，甚至有时要在课堂上唱歌，这种讲课方式不能不说是有想象力的，所以用imaginative。‎ ‎6．A.listening B．understanding C．information D．discovery 答案　B 解析　用各种办法的目的当然是为了理解understanding。‎ ‎7．A.also B．nearly C．even D．only 答案　C 解析　even甚至。‎ ‎8．A.Later B．Secondly C．However D．Therefore 答案　B 解析　与前面的first of all相对应，表示“其次”。‎ ‎9．A.with B．by C．from D．on 答案　D 解析　on the phone/telephone“在通话中”，为固定词组。‎ ‎10．A.invite B．lead C．prefer D．show 答案　A 解析　根据常识，一般情况下是请别人下棋，故用invite。‎ ‎11．A.As a matter of fact B．Later on C．Other times D．In general 答案　C 解析　与sometimes前后照应。‎ ‎12．A.questions B．subjects C．matters D．contents 答案　B 解析　agriculture，diving and mathematics都是谈论的话题，故选B。‎ ‎13．A.support B．explanation C．experience D．advice 答案　D 解析　很多年轻人向他请教，所以用advice。‎ ‎14．A.disturbed B．moved C．attracted D．defeated 答案　C 解析　根据上下文，幽默给作者留下了最深的印象，所以选C。‎ ‎15．A.for B．until C．since D．unless 答案　D 解析　unless除非，符合句意。‎ ‎16．A.hear B．suggest C．share D．demand 答案　C 解析　教授认为：双方都发出会心的笑才能说明课是成功的，所以选C。‎ ‎17．A.laugh B．cry C．shout D．question 答案　A 解析　根据引题的解释可知。‎ ‎18．A.helpful B．enjoyable C．practical D．useful 答案　B 解析　他的幽默风格能使他的课有意思，所以应是B。‎ ‎19．A.natural B．normal C．hopeful D．true 答案　D 解析　这句话的意思是：如果“生活能使智者笑、愚者泣”这种说法是正确的，那么我的朋友就是一位智者。‎ ‎20．A.so B．for C．then D．yet 答案　C 解析　参考上面的解释。 ‎ Period Two　Learning about Language ‎ it的用法(Ⅱ)‎ it用于强调句式 ‎“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其余部分”结构 ‎1．it结构概述 it用在强调结构中，为了强调句子的某一成分(通常为主语、宾语和状语)。‎ My mother met Tom in the street yesterday.‎ ‎→It was in the street that my mother met Tom.‎ 我母亲就是在大街上遇到了汤姆。‎ ‎2．it结构在句中的应用 ‎(1)强调主语 It’s only I who am willing to go to the cinema.‎ 想去看电影的只有我。‎ It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes.‎ 犯这样愚蠢的错误的不仅仅是瞎子。‎ ‎(2)强调宾语 It was her that I met yesterday.‎ 我昨天见到的是她。‎ It was a key that I found in his pocket.‎ 我在他口袋里找到的是钥匙。‎ ‎(3)强调状语 It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work.是因为母亲病了她才没有去上班。‎ ‎3．it结构的否定句 It was not Olivia but her sister that I saw.‎ 我看见的不是奥莉维亚，而是她的妹妹。‎ It was not for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing him again.(＝I did not have an opportunity of seeing him again for several years.)‎ 我有好几年没有机会再见到他了。‎ ‎4．it结构的疑问句 ‎(1)这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前。‎ Was it you that broke the window?‎ 是你把窗户打破了吗？‎ Was it in 1937 that the Second World War broke out?‎ 第二次世界大战是在1937年爆发的吗？‎ Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?‎ 是王教授教你们英语吗？‎ Was it during the AntiJapanese War that he died?‎ 他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗？‎ ‎(2)这种强调句的特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词就可。‎ Who was it that broke the window？打破窗子的是谁？‎ When was it that you called me yesterday?‎ 你昨天是什么时候打电话给我的？‎ What is it that you want me to do？你要我做的是什么？‎ How was it that you succeeded？你是怎么成功的？‎ Why is it that smoking is not allowed here?‎ 这儿为什么不允许吸烟？‎ Where was it that he bought the bike?‎ 他是在什么地方买到这辆自行车的？‎ ‎5．有时可用It might be...that...，It must have been...that...句型表示强调。‎ It might be his father that you’re thinking of.‎ 你关心的可能是他父亲。‎ It must have been his brother that you saw.‎ 你看到的想必是他的兄弟。‎ ‎6．在现代英语中，that/whom可省略 Was it in Nanjing(that)you first met him?‎ 你是在南京第一次碰到他的吗？‎ It was my mother(whom)you saw the other day.‎ 你几天前见到的是我妈妈。‎ ‎7．这一强调句型可用于原因状语从句，当原因状语从句是as，since引导时，应改为because引导，但结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等不能用于这一强调句型 She missed the first bus since she got up late.‎ ‎→It was because she got up late that she missed the first bus.她因起晚了而误了第一班车。‎ ‎8．使用这一强调句型时，需注意否定转移 Money can’t buy everything.‎ ‎→It is not everything that money can buy.‎ 钱不能买到一切。‎ He didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night.‎ ‎→It was not until twelve o’clock last night that he went to bed.昨晚他12点才去睡觉。‎ I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.‎ ‎→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.‎ 直到下车我才意识到这一点。‎ ‎9．用这一强调句型时，要注意以下几点 ‎(1)不论强调句子的哪一部分，都可用that连接句子的其余部分。‎ ‎(2)被强调部分指人时，可用who取代that；指物时，有时可用which取代that。‎ ‎(3)如果被强调部分指人，并且作后面句中的宾语时，也可用whom代替who。‎ ‎(4)that，who等常常被省略掉，特别是在口语中，在强调直接宾语或间接宾语、时间或地点状语时。‎ ‎(5)如果被强调的主语为人称代词时，可用主格，也可用宾格形式。‎ ‎(6)被强调部分通常不能用不定代词，除非其后还有定语。‎ ‎(7)如果被强调部分在后面的句子中为定语时，要用whose引导后面的句子。‎ ‎(8)在强调介词宾语时，介词常置于whom等之前(介词＋whom)，但也可把介词放在其宾语之前，或放在句末。‎ ‎(9)如果强调的是主语时，that，who或which之后的谓语的人称和数要与被强调的主语保持一致，但在口语中的个别情况下，也可能遇到与it一致的现象。‎ It’s me that has to give it up.我不得不将它放弃。‎ ‎(10)it之后的be动词的时态通常要与that之后的谓语呼应或一致。‎ ‎(11)这一句型通常不能用来强调由since，as，why，although，whereas等引导的从句。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．Why！I have nothing to confess.________ you want me to say?‎ A．What is it that B．What it is that C．How is it that D．How it is that 答案　A 解析　What is it that you want me to say？是强调句，对疑问词what进行强调。其语序应该为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。‎ ‎2．It was for this reason________ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.‎ A．which B．why C．that D．how ‎ 答案　C 解析　强调句型的考查。‎ ‎3．—________ was it that the road accident happened yesterday?‎ ‎—In front of the market.‎ A．When B．Where C．Which D．How 答案　B 解析　本题是强调句型的特殊疑问形式，由答语in front of the market可知，强调的应是地点，故用where。‎ ‎4．It was after he got what he had desired________he realized it was not so important.‎ A．that B．when C．since D．as 答案　A 解析　被强调的部分是一时间状语。what he ‎ desired作got的宾语。在强调句型中，只有被强调的部分是人时，引导词可以用who/whom，其余一律用that。‎ ‎5．It is the ability to do the job ________ matters not where you come from or what you are.‎ A．one B．that C．what D．it 答案　B ‎6．Was it in 1982 ________ you were in college ________ you got to know her?‎ A．when；that B．that；that C．when；when D．that；when 答案　A 解析　本题是强调句型的一般疑问句式。you were in college是一定语从句，in 1982在其中作时间状语，故用when引导。被强调部分是含有定语从句的时间状语，所以第二个空只能用that引导。‎ ‎7．It was not until she got home ________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.‎ A．when B．that C．where D．before 答案　B 解析　被强调部分是not...until...这一固定结构。‎ ‎8．It is these poisonous products ________ can cause the symptoms(症状) of the flu，such as headache and aching muscles.‎ A．who B．that C．how D．what 答案　B ‎9．I just wonder ________ that makes him so excited.‎ A．why it does B．what he does C．how it is D．what it is 答案　D 解析　根据句意“我想知道是什么使得他如此兴奋”可知，被强调部分是what，强调句型在句中作wonder的宾语，宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故选D。‎ ‎10．It is what you do rather than what you say________matters.‎ A．that B．what C．which D．this 答案　A 解析　强调句型。被强调部分是主语从句what you do rather than what you ‎ say。句意为：重要的是你做什么，而不是你说什么。‎ ‎11．On the contrary，I think it is Brown，________ you，________ to blame.‎ A．more than；are B．less than；who are C．rather than；that is D．rather than；is 答案　C 解析　根据句意“相反地，我认为是布朗而不是你该受责备”可排除A、B两选项；分析句式可知本句为一强调句型，第二空必须由that或who引导从句，可排除D项，故C项正确。‎ ‎12．The teacher asked me________Jack got injured in the leg.‎ A．how was it that B．how it was that C．how it was which D．how wasn’t which ‎ 答案　B 解析　本题是对强调句型这一知识点的考查。C、D两项构不成强调句型，从题干可知，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，故选B。‎ ‎13．My teacher often tells us，“It is not who is right but what is right________is of importance.”‎ A．which B．this C．that D．it 答案　C 解析　句意为：老师经常告诉我们“谁对谁错不重要，重要的是什么是对的。”本题考查了强调句型而被强调部分用了not...but...结构，增加了习题的难度。‎ ‎14．Why！I have nothing to say.________it is going like that?‎ A．what is it that B．what it is that C．how is it that D．how it is that 答案　C 解析　本题干为疑问句，故应用疑问语序，排除B、D两项。it is going like that中已经有了主语it和like的宾语that，故排除A。‎ ‎15．The Foreign Minister said，“________our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”‎ A．This is B．There is C．That is D．It is 答案　D 解析　根据题干可知，that引导的从句为真正的主语，前边要填的成份在句中作形式主语，而能作形式主语和形式宾语的只有it，故选D。‎ ‎16．He transplanted the little tree to the garden________it was the best time for it.‎ A．where B．when C．that D．until 答案　B 解析　根据句意“在最适合小树生长的时候，他把这棵小树移栽到了花园里”知只有B项when符合语意。‎ ‎17．It was with great joy________he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.‎ A．because B．which C．since D．that 答案　D 解析　考查强调句型，被强调的部分是物，引导词只能用that。‎ ‎18．It was________back home after the experiment.‎ A．not until midnight did he go B．until midnight that he didn’t go C．not until midnight that he went D．until midnight when he didn’t go 答案　C 解析　对not...until...这一结构进行强调，要用It is/was not until...that...这一固定句型。由于not已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。‎ ‎19．________was I________saw him last night at the concert.‎ A．It；where B．It；when C．It；that D．It；how 答案　C 解析　在强调句型中，被强调的部分是人，引导词用that/who/whom，故只有C项正确。‎ ‎20．Was it the training that Peter had in China eight years before________led to his success?‎ A．that B．which C．what D．the one 答案　A 解析　考查强调句型，只不过被强调的部分比较复杂，含有一个that引导的定语从句，分清句子结构是做对该题的关键。‎ Ⅱ.运用强调句型对句子中的划线部分进行强调 ‎1．When_he_was_about_to_go_out it began to rain.‎ It_was_when_he_was_about_to_go_out_that_it_began_to_rain.‎ ‎2．He didn’t attend the meeting because_he_was_ill.‎ It_was_because_he_was_ill_that_he_didn’t_attend_the_meeting.‎ ‎3．I am looking for my_English_dictionary.‎ It_is_my_English_dictionary_that_I_am_looking_for.‎ ‎4．The_people_in_the_country were friendly to the foreigners.‎ It was the people in the country who were friendly to the foreigners.‎ ‎5．He didn’t go to bed until_11：30_last_night.‎ It_was_not_until_11：30_last_night_that_he_went_to_bed.‎ Ⅲ.根据要求用强调句翻译句子 ‎1．正在打电话的是张教授。(强调主语)‎ It_is_professor_Zhang_who_is_talking_on_the_phone.‎ ‎2．病人需要的是更好的食物和更多的阳光。(强调宾语)‎ It_is_better_food_and_more_sunshine_that_the_patient_needs.‎ ‎3．第二十九届奥运会在中国举行。(强调地点状语)‎ It_is_in_China_that_the_29th_Olympic_Games_are_held.‎ ‎4．奥林匹克竞赛是从什么时候开始的？(强调时间状语)‎ When_was_it_that_the_Olympic_competition_started?‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 A Art is something that almost everyone can create.Pencil art is a free hand art with simple strokes(笔画)that give an elegant and unusual look.Any person can draw pencil art.It is an untruth that only an artist can draw.Creativity is more than enough to draw a work of art.Very different effects can be created in pencil art.‎ Drawing pencils are available with different types of leads，such as 4H,2H，H，HB，B,2B,4B etc.The 4H pencil is the lightest lead pencil and produces light and thin lines，while 4B is the darkest lead pencil and produces dark and thick lines.Very unique effects can be ‎ created with these pencils.‎ Strokes are one of the most important factors in pencil art.The pressure that is applied on the lines or curves or arc or circle or triangle of freehand drawing will decide the strength of stroke.It will add to the liveliness and to the depth of the art.Apart from stroke，blending and shading(描影)is one more factor in pencil art.A number of methods can be used to make changes of shape and color (within black and white) very easily.Even human fingers can be used.The popular method is using tissue paper for soft blend and salt paper for hard to make texture(质地)blend.‎ Take a flower as an example，the 2B pencil is used to draw the outline of the flower while the HB pencil is used to draw simple line strokes inside the flower.The centre circle can be improved by the use of the 2B，HB and H pencils with pale finger blend.‎ ‎1．Which of the following statements is NOT one of the author’s opinions?‎ A．Pencil art has strict regulations although it is simple.‎ B．Every person can draw pencil art.‎ C．Almost any person has the ability to create art.‎ D．Drawing with different pencils can create unique effects.‎ 答案　A 解析　根据第一段“Pencil art is a free hand art with simple strokes than gives an elegant and unusual look”可知，答案为A。‎ ‎2．The difference between the 4H and 4B pencils mainly lies in their________.‎ A．length B．height C．color D．lead 答案　D 解析　根据第二段“The 4H pencil is the lightest lead pencil and produces light and thin lines，while 4B is the darkest lead pencil and produces dark and thick lines”可知，答案为D。‎ ‎3．The strength of stroke in pencil art is decided by________‎ A．the type of drawing pencils B．the pressure applied on the drawing C．the quality of paper D．the kind of drawing 答案　B 解析　根据第三段“The pressure that...will decide the strength of stroke”可知，答案为 B。‎ ‎4．The example in the last paragraph is used to tell us________.‎ A．the 2B pencil is used to draw the outline of the flower B．the HB pencil is used to draw simple line strokes inside the flower C．the 2B，HB and H pencils are used to draw the centre circle of the flower ‎ D．how to use different types of drawing pencils to draw pencil art 答案　D 解析　根据最后一段和上文的关系可知，作者以画花为例来说明怎么利用各种铅笔的性能及铅笔的作画技巧来作画。‎ ‎5．We can learn from the passage that________.‎ A．human fingers can be used as pencils B．the kind of paper has no effect on blending C．creativity is very important in drawing an art D．strokes add to the liveliness and depth of art 答案　C 解析　根据第一段“Creativity is more than enough to draw a work of art”可知，答案为C。‎ B Most young architects—particularly those in big cities—can only dream about working in a building of their own.And making that dream come true often means finding a building no one else seems to want，which is exactly what happened to David Yocum and his partner，Brian Bell.Their building is a former automobile electricalparts firm in Atlanta.From the outside，it looks too old，even something horrible，but open the door and you are in a wide，open courtyard，lined on three sides with rusting(生锈的) walls.‎ In 2000，Yocum and Bell found this building in the city’s West End.Built in 1947，the structure had been abandoned years earlier and the roof of the main building had fallen down.But the price was right，so Yocum bought it.He spent eight months of his offhours on demolition(拆除)，pulling rubbish out through the roof，because it was too dangerous to go inside the building.The demolition was hard work，but it gave him time to think about what he wanted to do，and “to treasure what was there—the walls，the rust，the light，”Yocum said.“Every season，more paint falls off the walls and more rust develops.It’s like an art installation(装置) in there—a slowmotion show.”‎ Since the back building had been constructed without windows，an allglass front was added to ‎ the building to give it a view of the courtyard，and skylights were installed in the roof.The back of the building is a working area and a living room for Yocum and his wife.A sort of buffer(缓冲) zone between the front and the back contains a bathroom，a kitchen and a mechanical room，and the walls that separate these zones have openings that allow views through to the front of the studio and the courtyard beyond.‎ Yocum and Bell，who have just completed an art gallery for the city，feel that the experience from the decoration of their building，focusing on the inside rather than the outside，has influenced their work.It has also given these architects a chance to show how they can make more out of less.‎ ‎6．According to the passage，it is ________ for most young architects in big cities to work in a building of their own.‎ A．easy B．unnecessary C．unrealistic D．common 答案　C 解析　由第一段的第一、二两句可知。‎ ‎7．Yocum bought the old building because ________.‎ A．it was a bargain to him B．it was still in good condition C．it was located in the city center D．it looked attractive from the outside 答案　A 解析　根据第二段可知，楼房的状况不好，但价钱合适，因此他们才买了。‎ ‎8．Working on the old building，Yocum and Bell ________.‎ A．pulled rubbish out through the roof B．removed the skylights from the bathroom C．presented a slowmotion show in an art gallery D．built a kitchen at the back part of the old building 答案　A 解析　根据第二段第四句“...pulling rubbish out through the roof...”可知。‎ ‎9．It can be inferred from the passage that Yocum and Bell ________.‎ A．benefited a lot from pulling down the roof B．turned more old buildings into art galleries C．got inspiration from decorating their old building D．paid more attention to the outside of the art gallery 答案　C 解析　由最后一段第一句“Yocum and Bell，who have just completed an art gallery for the city，feel that the experience...has influenced their work.”可知。‎ ‎10．The main idea of the passage is that ________.‎ A．people can learn a lot from their failures B．it is worthwhile to spend money on an old building C．people should not judge things by their appearance D．creative people can make the best of what they have 答案　D 解析　本文以Yocum和Bell为例，说明有创造力的人充分利用他们拥有的东西来进行设计和创作。‎ Period Three　Using Language ‎1 The consequence of a rising sea level would be widespread flooding.海平面上升的结果将是洪水的大面积泛滥。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 There is a widespread dissatisfaction among the students with the food on campus.‎ 学生普遍对学校的饭菜不太满意。‎ Foxes are becoming more widespread in urban areas.‎ 城区里的狐狸越来越多了。‎ 归纳拓展 widespreadly adv.大大地，广泛地 It is widespreadly known that...很多人知道……‎ widespread damage大面积的损坏 widespread confusion各处呈现的混乱 the widespread use of chemicals in agriculture农业上化学品的广泛使用 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)这个项目得到了公众的普遍支持。‎ The project has received widespread_public_support.‎ ‎(2)地震给这个城市带来了大面积的损坏。‎ The earthquake caused widespread_damage to the city.‎ ‎2 The greenhouse effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15℃.温室效应给了地球表面15℃的平均温度。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The average age of the athletes is 20.‎ 这些运动员的平均年龄是20岁。‎ There’s nothing special about him；he’s only average.‎ 他没有什么特别的，是个很普通的人。‎ 归纳拓展 average n．平均数；平均标准；普通 Do you know how to work out an average?‎ 你知道如何计算平均数吗？‎ Is the fiveday week the average now?‎ 现在一般人每周工作5天吗？‎ above/below (the) average在平均水准以上/以下 on (the/an) average平均地 up to (the) average达到平均的 the average age/temperature/rainfall平均年龄/气温/降雨量 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)汤姆在学校的功课在一般以上，而约翰的功课在一般以下。‎ Tom’s work at school is above_the_average，while John’s is below_the_average.‎ ‎(2)平均而言，她每天收到五封信。‎ On_average，she received five letters a day.‎ ‎3 Lowlying countries feel their very existence is in danger from rising sea levels.地势低洼的国家感觉他们的生存处于海平面不断上升带来的危险中。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Do you believe in the existence of ghosts?‎ 你相信有鬼吗？‎ Sudan came into existence at the end of the 1800s.‎ 苏丹国于19世纪末开始形成。‎ 归纳拓展 come into existence产生，成立 in existence现存的 a handtomouth existence勉强糊口的生活 exist v．存在；实际上有 exist on靠……生存 existing adj.现行的，目前的 existent adj.现有的 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)这座房子是现存的最古老的木制建筑。‎ The house is the oldest wooden building in_existence.‎ ‎(2)这些检测证实了脑瘤的存在。‎ The tests confirm the_existence_of a brain tumour.‎ ‎4 There are many people who have a commitment like yours，...有许多人跟你有同感，……(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The government has failed to demonstrate its commitment to the railways.‎ 政府未能证明它对铁路的支持。‎ The government will continue too honour its commitment to pensioners.‎ 政府将一如既往地向领取养老金的人兑现承诺。‎ 归纳拓展 commitment to...对……的拥护 honour/fulfil/meet a commitment兑现承诺 make a commitment (to do sth.)做出承诺(做……)‎ commit vt.使同意；使承诺；vi.同意，承诺 commit to (doing) sth.承诺(做)……，答应(做)……‎ commit sb.to (doing) sth.使某人承诺做……；使某人答应(做)……‎ ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)我们已经答应帮忙，就一定会做到的。‎ We’ve_made_a_commitment_to_help，and_we_will.‎ ‎(2)我不想定下具体的日期。‎ I_do_not_want_to_commit_to_any_particular_date.‎ ‎5 Don’t be casual about this.别对这种事漫不经心。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The bar has a casual lowkey atmosphere.‎ 酒吧的气氛轻松而低调。‎ The disease can’t be spread by casual contact.‎ 偶然的接触不会传染该疾病。‎ 归纳拓展 casual clothes休闲服 casual labourer临时工 a casual meeting remark邂逅/随口说出的话 casually adv.随便地，漫不经心地 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)即使偶尔看报纸商务版的人也能意识到他的影响力。‎ Even casual readers of the business pages will be aware of his influence.‎ ‎(2)她一边等一边漫不经心地翻看报纸。‎ She glanced casually through newspapers as she waited.‎ ‎6 Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 In/Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.‎ 在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。‎ In/Under no circumstances should a baby be left alone in the house.‎ 无论如何都不能把婴儿独自留在家里。‎ 归纳拓展 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；情况既然如此 in/under no circumstances决不，无论如何都不，放在句首时主句用倒装语序 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)我无论如何不会拿你和她作比较。‎ I would never in_any_circumstances dream of comparing her with you.‎ ‎(2)他们在那种情况下还做得那么好，这真令人惊奇。‎ It’s amazing that they did so well under/in_the_circumstances.‎ ‎7 I have learned about phrases I can use to express agreement or disagreement.我学过可以用来表示同意或意见不一致的短语。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Just because we’ve had a few disagreements，it doesn’t mean we aren’t still friends.‎ 仅仅因为我们有过几次意见不合并不能说明我们不再是朋友。‎ There is a lot of disagreement among/between the doctors about this.关于此事医生中有许多不同的意见。‎ 归纳拓展 disagreement with sb.与某人发生争执/意见不一 disagreement over/about sth.在……上意见不一 be in disagreement with sb.和某人意见不一致 disagree v．有分歧；意见不合 disagreeable adj.令人不高兴的；讨厌的 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)钱是造成许多夫妇不合的一个根源。‎ Money is a source of disagreement_between many couples.‎ ‎(2)我吃海鲜不舒服。‎ Seafood disagrees_with me.‎ ‎8 On_the_whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern.总的来说，地球变暖是一个引起广泛关注的现象。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 On the whole，the world were satisfied with the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics.‎ 总的来说，全世界人民对北京奥运会的开幕式是满意的。‎ On the whole，it is a happy marriage.‎ 总的看来，这是个幸福的婚姻。‎ 归纳拓展 as a whole总体上，整个来看 the whole of...整个……‎ in the whole world在全世界 the whole point要点，主旨 ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)总的说来，这是一次很成功的会议。‎ It_was_a_pretty_good_conference_on_the_whole.‎ ‎ (2)这次会议的主要目的是讨论财政问题 The_whole_point_of_this_meeting_was_to_discuss_finances.‎ ‎9 Together，individuals can make_a_difference.众人拾柴火焰高。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The sea air has made a difference to her health.‎ 海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。‎ The fact that I can now organize my own time makes a big difference.‎ 我现在可以安排自己的时间，这样情况就大不相同了。‎ It makes a difference to me.它对我很重要。‎ 归纳拓展 在difference前可加no，some，much，any，little等作定语 make some difference有些影响/差别 make no difference没有影响/差别 make all the difference大不相同 make little difference几乎没有影响/差别 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)雨对比赛的影响不大。‎ The rain didn’t make_much_difference to the games.‎ ‎(2)什么时间完成任务无关紧要。‎ When to finish the task makes_no_difference.‎ ‎10 We do not have to put_up_with pollution.我们不必去忍受污染．(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 We have to put up with the inconvenience.‎ 我们不得不忍受不便之处。‎ Now you see what I have to put up with!‎ 现在你明白我不得不忍受什么了吧！‎ 归纳拓展 put aside节省(时间，钱)，储蓄 put away(用完之后)收好，储存……备用 put back拨回；推迟 put down写下，记下；击败，镇压 put forward提出(意见、建议)；推荐，提名；将……提前 put off推迟，延期 put on增加；上演(戏剧)；穿上，戴上 put out熄灭；生产；出版 put up举起；张贴；为……提供食宿 ‎ 佳句背诵 ‎(1)作为一个家庭主妇，那个妇女要忍受许多烦恼。‎ That woman，as a housewife，has a lot to put up with.‎ ‎(2)我再也不能容忍你的恶劣行径了！‎ I can’t put up with your bad behaviour any longer!‎ ‎11 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on_so_long_as you are using it...只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，……(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 You may use the room so/as long as you clean it up.‎ 只要你把它收拾干净，你就可以使用这个房间。‎ You may borrow the book as/so long as you keep it clean.‎ 只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。‎ 归纳拓展 as long as 只能用于肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定句又能用于否定句。‎ as long as还可意为“与……一样长，长达……”。‎ on condition that如果；在……的条件下 You may borrow this book，on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else.‎ 你可以借这本书，条件是你不能再借给别人。‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)只要你有自信，你会获胜的。‎ So/As_long_as you have confidence in yourself，you will win.‎ ‎(2)我们需要一条30米长的绳子。‎ We need a rope as_long_as 30 metres.‎ ‎12 So if you are not using the lights，the TV，the computer，and_so_on，turn them off.因此当你不用灯、电视、电脑等等时，将它们关上。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 He has many hobbies—go fishing，go hiking，play table tennis and so on.‎ 他有很多业余爱好——钓鱼，徒步旅行，打乒乓球等。‎ It’s surprising to hear such a little boy count 1,2,3 and so on/forth up to 100.‎ 听到这么小的孩子从1,2,3……一直数到100，真是令人惊讶。‎ 归纳拓展 and so on用于不完全列举，相当于and so forth not so...不太……，不很……‎ not so very...不太……‎ or so左右，上下 and so sb./sth. is某人/某物的确/确定……‎ Is that so？是真的吗？‎ ‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)他们有权拥有自己的文化、宗教、语言等等。‎ They_have_a_right_to_have_their_own_culture，their_own_religion，their_own_language_and_so_on.‎ ‎(2)雇员总是在抱怨他们的工资，工作环境等等 Employees_were_always_complaining_about_their_wages，their_working_conditions_and_so_on.‎ ‎1．..，if not，turn it off！……，如果不用就把它关掉！‎ 用法点拨 if not在本句是if you are not using it的省略形式 I think the train leaves at midday.You’d better take a taxi.If not，maybe you’ll miss it.‎ 我想火车是正午开，你最好打的去，否则可能会误车的。‎ I think there is a train at midday.If not，you’ll have to wait till 2：30.‎ 我想中午会有一班火车。要是没有，你只好等到两点半了。‎ Please point out the mistakes in my homework，if any.‎ 如果我作业中有错误的话，请指出来。‎ 归纳拓展 有关if的常用省略形式有if any如果有，即使有 if ever如果曾经 if possible/necessary如果可能/有必要 if so如果这样/那样的话 有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步的状语从句，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语动词的一部分省略。‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)她建议我除非被问，否则什么都不要说。‎ She advised me not to say anything unless_asked.‎ ‎(2)恐怕即使还有食物，也只剩下一点了。‎ I’m afraid there’s very little food left，if_any.‎ ‎2 用法点拨 It takes many men to build a house.‎ 建造一幢房屋需要很多人。‎ It takes two to make a quarrel.‎ 一个巴掌拍不响。‎ It took us four hours to do the job.‎ 我们花了4个小时做这件事。‎ 归纳拓展 句中 it 为形式主语，take 意为“需要/消耗(时间、劳力等)”；有这种含义的 take 通常不可用于被动式。比较：It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费时间做某事 对比：sb. spend time (in) doing sth./(on sth.) 某人花费时间做某事 sb. spend money on/for sth. 某人花钱买某物 sb. pay sb. money for sth. 某人为某事给某人钱 sth. cost sb. money 花费某人金钱 翻译句子 ‎(1)爬那座高山花了我们长达5小时的时间。‎ It_took_us_as_long_as_5_hours_to_climb_the_high_mountain.‎ ‎(2)他每天花半小时的时间锻炼。(用两种方式翻译)‎ He_spends_half_an_hour_doing_exercise_every_day.‎ It_takes_him_half_an_hour_to_do_exercise_every_day.‎ 关于全球变暖，我们能干些什么呢？‎ 亲爱的“关爱地球”组织：‎ 我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。有时候我觉得，像这样一个巨大的环境问题，个人是起不了什么作用的。然而我仍认为人们应该支持改善日常能源的消耗方式。由于我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究。我希望能得到你们的建议。‎ 谢谢！‎ 欧阳光 亲爱的欧阳光：‎ 有许多人承担你这样的义务，而他们不相信自己有能力来影响环境。这种想法是不正确的。众人拾柴火焰高。我们不必去忍受污染。‎ 空气中的温室气体，二氧化碳的增长的确是来自我们许多的日常活动。这儿有几条关于减少空气中二氧化碳含量的建议。这些建议应当能够促进你的研究。‎ ‎1．在室内我们会用大量的能源。在用电器设备时你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！不要对此疏忽大意。因此，你如果不用电灯、电视、电脑等时，要把它们关掉。如果你觉得冷了，就多穿点衣服，而不要把暖气开大。‎ ‎2．机动车要用大量的能源。因此，只要有可能，你就步行或骑自行车吧。‎ ‎3．把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。用新材料来做这些东西要花费大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。‎ ‎4．劝你的父母去买那些节约能源的产品，包括汽车和像冰箱、微波炉之类的小件物品。‎ ‎5．在你的花园或校园里栽种树木，它们能吸收空气中的二氧化碳，还能在你观赏的时候使你感觉清爽。‎ ‎6．最后，也是最重要的是，做一个教育者。同你的家人和朋友谈一谈全球变暖的问题，并把你学到的东西告诉他们。‎ 记住，你的贡献是很有价值的。‎ ‎“关爱地球”组织 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Chronic pollution(污染)of the atmosphere does great harm to people’s health.‎ ‎2．I think there’s an electrical(电的，与电有关的)fault.‎ ‎3．We are strongly against the threat of nuclear(核能的，核的)war.‎ ‎4．There has been serious disagreement between the two political leaders over the problem.‎ ‎5．The microwave helps me a lot with my cooking.‎ ‎6．The graph shows the average temperature of April.‎ ‎7．A widespread(广泛传播的)flu epidemic (流感)affected eighteen western states.‎ ‎8．So far no evidence has been found to support the existence of a monster in the lake.‎ Ⅱ.短语填空 on the whole；on behalf of；put up with；so long as；and so on；make a difference；on average；under no circumstances ‎1．Your support will certainly make_a_difference in our cause.‎ ‎2．On_average，women live between five and seven years longer than men.‎ ‎3．Anyway，our opinions about the Olympics are on_the_whole the same.‎ ‎4．If she could put_up_with the terrible conditions there，we would take her.‎ ‎5．My son likes eating fruits like apples，peaches，bananas and_so_on.‎ ‎6．You can borrow my bike so_long_as you can return it to me tomorrow morning.‎ ‎7．Tom will attend the important conference on_behalf_of his parents.‎ ‎8．Under_no_circumstances should we give in to difficulties.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎1．It took a lot of energy to make these things from new materials.‎ We spent much energy making these things from new materials.‎ ‎2．What do you think of the global warming?‎ What’s your opinion about the global warming?‎ ‎3．—Do you think Li Qiang will win first prize in the competition?‎ ‎—I don’t think he will win first prize in the competition.‎ ‎—Do you think Li Qiang will win first prize in the competition?‎ ‎—I don’t think so.‎ ‎4．Whether he comes or not doesn’t matter.‎ It doesn’t matter whether he comes or not.‎ ‎5．She happened to have some money with her that day.‎ It happened that she had some money on her that day.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．There is some disagreement_about/over(对……有分歧)whether the disease is curable.‎ ‎2．When to finish the task makes_no_difference(无关紧要)．‎ ‎3．Her husband smokes more and more，which she is not going to put_up_with(容忍)any longer.‎ ‎4．You can go out as/so_long_as(只要)you promise to be back before 10：00.‎ ‎5．He glanced nervously at(瞥一眼，扫视)his watch before leaving.‎ ‎6．Children existing_on(以……为主食)a diet of rice won’t grow tall.‎ Ⅴ.单项填空　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1．You can ask him again if you like，but it won’t ________any difference—he’ll still say no.‎ A．tell B．make C．feel D．find 答案　B 解析　句意为：如果你愿意你可以再问他一次，不过那没什么用的——他仍旧会说不。本题考查固定词组make some difference意为“有差别，有影响”。A项tell the difference意为“判断出差别”。‎ ‎2．The president can’t be here today，so I’m going to speak________him.‎ A．instead B．on behalf of C．in behalf D．represent 答案　B 解析　根据句意“总统今天不能来，所以我将代他发言”可以判断，只有B项on behalf of“代表”符合。A项应为“instead of”；C项缺少of；D项形式不对。‎ ‎3．We all know that，________，the situation will get worse.‎ A．not if dealt carefully with B．if not carefully dealt with C．if dealt not carefully with D．not if carefully dealt with 答案　B 解析　此处从句主语与主句主语一致，可以省略从句主语，改用分词形式，这里是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。句意为：我们都知道，如果不认真处理，形势会变得更糟。‎ ‎4．She got separated from her husband，because she couldn’t________his bad temper.‎ A．keep up with B．put up with C．catch up with D．come up with 答案　B 解析　put up with“忍受”，符合题意。‎ ‎5．—Do they know each other?‎ ‎—I think so.________I know，they live in the same neighbourhood.‎ A．As often as B．As long as C．As well as D．As far as 答案　D 解析　考查词组辨析。A项“和……一样经常”；B项“只要；和……一样长”；C项as well as“和……一样好；也”；as far as I know“就我所知；据我所知”。答语句意为：“据我所知，他们住在同一住宅小区。”‎ ‎6．Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s what________to do anything well.‎ A．one takes B．one is taken C．it takes D．it is taken 答案　C 解析　“what...to do anything well”作is的表语，其中含有It takes...to do sth.这一固定句型。‎ ‎7．The two sides have finally________，though some small differences still exist.‎ A．made a decision B．reached an agreement C．settled down D．broken up 答案　B 解析　本题考查词义辨析。A项make a decision“做决定”；B项reach an agreement“达成协议”；C项settle down“安顿下来；定居”；D项break up“驱散；分解”。根据题意，B项正确。‎ ‎8．The________family in Chinese cities now spends more money on housing than before.‎ A．normal B．average C．usual D．general 答案　B 解析　考查词义辨析。A项normal“正常的，平常的”；B项average“中等的；普通的”；C项usual“通常的”；D项general“大概的；概括的”。根据题意“现在，中国城市的一般家庭花在住房上的钱比以前更多了”可知，B项正确。‎ ‎9．The new law will come into________on the day it is passed.‎ A．effect B．use C．service D．existence 答案　A 解析　come into effect“生效”，符合题意。come into use“开始被使用”；come into existence“开始形成”。‎ ‎10．________took as long as 8 years________repair the temple.‎ A．It；to B．That；to C．It；for D．They；for 答案　A 解析　考查固定句式It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.。‎ Ⅵ.阅读理解 According to a recent study，mosquitoes do not bite just anybody，but choose their victims selectively(有选择性地)．‎ ‎“Mosquitoes use smell to sort attractive people from the unattractive to find those that are the most tasty，”said Jerry Butler，an entomologist who spends a lot of time on mosquitoes，ants，bees，and so on.‎ In a study of what attracted mosquitoes to people，Butlersaid that mosquitoes go for humans who provide the richest source of cholesterol(胆固醇)and vitamin B, which they need to live on but do not produce themselves.‎ Butler found that mosquitoes can smell an attractive human dinner target from as far as 64.3 km.‎ When human beings breathe，they breathe out CO2 and other smells that travel through the air.The mixture is like a dinner bell，telling mosquitoes that a warm meal is not far away.Sweat，an unavoidable human condition，is also a mosquito’s lure(诱惑)．‎ When a mosquito finds an attractive target，it will follow the breath until it makes contact，landing on the skin and patiently searches for just the right spot for feeding.‎ Bathing helps reduce the attractiveness of sticky(粘的)bodies but strangely enough afterbath products do not.“Skin care products improve a person’s appearance，but are also inviting to mosquitoes.”Butler said.Certain medications，including heart and blood pressure ‎ medicine，can also increase a person’s possibility of being bitten.‎ Butler said that he carried out the research in order to explore the tastes of mosquitoes and to help people avoid mosquitoborne diseases.‎ ‎“If you can figure out who，among your friends，is attractive to mosquitoes，be sure to invite that person to all your outdoor gatherings.You might be able to spare your other guests from mosquito bites，”Butler said.‎ ‎1．According to the passage，an entomologist is probably a person who specializes in the study of ________.‎ A．insects in general B．smell and its relationship to mosquitoes C．animals which can fly D．animals that bite human beings 答案　A 解析　词义理解题。根据后面的定语“who spends a lot of time on mosquitoes，ants，bees，and so on”可以判断entomologist是昆虫学家。‎ ‎2．At a garden party，mosquitoes will be most likely attracted to the person who________.‎ A．never uses skin care products B．suffers from mosquitoborne disease C．has high cholesterol D．lacks vitamin B 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“Butler said that mosquitoes go for humans who provide the richest source of cholesterol and vitamin B”可知C项正确。‎ ‎3．What do we know about a mosquito’s sense of smell?‎ A．The mosquitoe always searches for the most beautiful human being.‎ B．The mosquito is not sensitive to skin care products.‎ C．The mosquito can smell a human target about 60 km away.‎ D．The mosquito doesn’t like strong smells.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断。由第四段“Butler found that mosquitoes can smell an attractive human ‎ dinner target from as far away as 64.3 km.”可知C项正确。‎ ‎4．How can a person become less attractive to mosquitoes?‎ A．By having a bath.‎ B．By sweating a lot.‎ C．By using afterbath products.‎ D．By taking some medicine.‎ 答案　A 解析　根据倒数第三段第一句“Bathing helps reduce the attractiveness of sticky bodies but strangely enough afterbath products do not.”可知A项正确。‎ ‎5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?‎ A．People and Mosquitoes B．Why Mosquitoes Bite C．A Theory About Mosquitoes D．Mosquitoes Prefer Certain People 答案　D 解析　全文主要介绍的是蚊子在叮人时是有选择的，因此D项最合适。‎ Ⅶ.短文改错 假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。‎ 增加：在缺词处加出加一个漏字(∧)，并在其下面写上该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。‎ 注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Today is my father’s birthday.To celebrate his birthday，I went to a shop and a present for him.After that，I went home　 by the subway.On the way，I was imagining how my father would be when he the present.The train got to the next stop before I knew it.An old lady got the train.Every seat was taken， she had to stand with ‎ two heavy bags in both of her .After an immediate hesitation，I gave my seat to her and was grateful for I did.In my opinion，giving others a hand whenever they are in trouble not only happiness to the ones who receive it but also to the ones who give it.‎ Ⅷ.书面表达 最近你们学校对1 000多名在校学生的课外活动内容作了问卷调查。请结合下面的调查结果图示，用英语写一篇120词左右的调查报告，分析同学们的活动情况，并谈谈自己的观点和看法。注意：调查报告的标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数。‎ A Survey about Afterclass Activities Recently，a survey about afterclass activities was carried out in our ‎ school.______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Recently，a survey about afterclass activities was carried out in our school.More than one thousand students were asked how they spent their spare time when they finished their classes.The survey shows that only 40% of them spend their spare time on sports and games，twice those who enjoy themselves after class by means of music and other entertainments.However,30% of them spend their spare time in reading and learning，while the rest take up some other activities.‎ In my opinion，we students should take more outdoor exercise to build our bodies，which is of great value to our health.What’s more，outdoor exercise can also help us to gain more energy for study in return.And only in this way can we students develop both mentally and physically.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎—Do you think we should accept that offer?‎ ‎—Yes, we should, for we ________such bad luck up till now, and time ________out.(江西高考)‎ A．have had；is running B．had；is running C．have；has been run D．have had；has been run 答案　A 解析　句意为：——你认为我们应该接受那个提议(帮助)吗？——是的，我们应该接受，因为迄今为止我们一直运气不好，而且时间就要用光了。因为有时间状语till now，所以第一个空应该用现在完成时态；根据句意，时间应是“就要用光，快用光了”，所以第二个空用现在进行时态，表示时间正在一点一滴地流逝。‎ ‎　　　　　An energy source is “renewable” when supplies of it never run_out and...(P25)‎ It was along the Mississippi River ________ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.(天津高考)‎ ‎ ‎ A．how B．which ‎ C．that D．where 答案　C 解析　此处构成It was...that...强调句式，句中强调了介词短语along the Mississippi River。‎ ‎　　　　...and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.(P26)‎ Most air pollution is caused by the burning of________like coal, gas and oil.(天津高考)‎ A．fuels　　　　　　　　B．articles C．goods D．products 答案　A 解析　coal，gas and oil均为“燃料(fuels)”。‎ ‎...the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and...(P26)‎ ‎—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?‎ ‎—I don’t mind where we go________there’s sun，sea and beach.(全国Ⅰ高考)‎ A．as if B．as long as C．now that D．in order that 答案　B 解析　考查连词的用法。as long as意为“只要”。‎ ‎　　　　It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it—...(P30)‎ ‎—Have you got any particular plans for the coming 　holiday?‎ ‎—Yes.________，I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.(安徽高考)‎ A．If ever B．If busy C．If anything D．If possible 答案　D 解析　句意为：——对于即将到来的假期你有什么特别的计划吗？——有。如果可能的话，我打算拜访一下城市里的一些敬老院。A项“如果曾经有的话”；B项“如果忙的话”；C项不是固定结构；D项“如果可能的话”。‎ ‎　　　　...if_not，turn it off！(P30) ‎