专题08介词及介词短语-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

专题08介词及介词短语-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【2019年高考命题预测】‎ 高考研究介词是英语中比较活跃的词，中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。‎ 预测今后高考介词的考查以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。‎ ‎【考点定位】2019考纲解读和近几年考点分布 （1） 考纲要求 介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。因此，通过高考题目对介词的考查的具体分类分析，来了解一下介词的句法功能和常考的容易混淆的介词还是很有必要的。‎ （2） 命题规律 一、对介词句法功能的考查：介词构成的短语，可以在句子中充当定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等；介词有时在句子中活用为副词，充当状语。‎ 二、对常用介词的辨析：介词用法多且复杂，相近的意思又可以有不同的介词表示，介词更着重与动词、形容词和其他从句结合在一起进行考查，所以要根据语境和交际条件灵活运用介词；同时对常用的介词要重点进行区别整理。‎ ‎ 三、对介词短语搭配的考查：介词常和某些形容词、动词和名词联合运用，形成固定搭配，表示各种不同的意思，只要记住这些固定搭配，准确把握词组的语义，这类题目应该不是太难。‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透析 考点1 常见介词的活用 ‎ ①Y0u can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—it’II look terrible．你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。‎ ‎②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea．我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。‎ ‎③We heard it over the radio．我们从广播中听到了它。‎ ‎2．by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到……为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过……方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：‎ by and by不久，迟早 by and large大体上 by oneself单独 by the way顺便说说 by far……得多，最…… by chance碰巧 by accident偶然地 by means of借助 by no means绝不，一点也不 by mistake错误地 ‎①The water in the river rose by two meters．河水上涨了两米。‎ ‎②He is an Englishman by birth．他在血统上是英国人。‎ ‎4．beyond这个词同学们平时接触的机会不是太多，但它却是一个考查热点。beyond表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置)在……那边，超出……之外；(范围)超过，为……所不及，超出……的范围”等意思。如：‎ ‎①They arrived beyond nine o’clock．他们过了9：00才到。‎ ‎②The book is beyond me．这本书我看不懂。‎ ‎③Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths．汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。‎ 典例： Nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________China before you start your trip there. ‎ ‎ A. in B. for C. of D. on ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查介词。‎ 考点2 介词的固定搭配-‎ 高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。‎ ‎1．名词词组：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one’s opinion根据某人的看法；off time准时；out of reach够不着 ‎2．动词词组：remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at访问(某地)‎ ‎3．形容词词组：be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎 ‎4．介词短语：apart from除……Pb；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间；according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等 ‎ 典例： China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ____all its citizens.‎ A. in charge of B. for the purpose of ‎ C. in honor of D. for the benefit of ‎ ‎ ‎【三年高考】 16、17、18高考试题及其解析 ‎2018年高考题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【2018·北京】14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.‎ ‎—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.‎ A. for B. on C. in D. at ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。‎ 点睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for为……预约。‎ ‎2.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.‎ A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random ‎【答案】B 点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。‎ ‎3.【2018·江苏】33. China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.‎ A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与...一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为 ... 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。‎ 点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别。‎ 语法填空 ‎1. 【2018·全国III】 I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.‎ 考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。‎ ‎2. 【2018·浙江】 If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ___65___ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.‎ 考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。‎ 短文改错 ‎1. 【2018·全国I】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.‎ ‎2. 【2018·全国I】At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.‎ 删除for 考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。‎ but改成and 考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成and。‎ ‎3. 【2018·全国II】Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.‎ 第七处：考查固定搭配。be unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿意做某事，不情愿做某事”。本文介绍的是过去的情况，故用过去时。所以在unwilling前加was。‎ 第八处：考查介词。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把for改为with。‎ ‎4. 【2018·全国III】Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious.‎ 考查介词。be eager to do sth渴望做某事，故eager后加to。‎ ‎2017年高考题 ‎【2017·天津卷】12. When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old.‎ A. among B. against C. behind D. below ‎【答案】A 考点：考查介词辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】对于介词辨析题目，首先可以从句意着手，看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键，其次四个选项的意思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的基本知识进行考查，学生在平时的学习中要勤积累，多记忆，多多积累，以便在考试时能够迅速准确的答出，还有的是一些固定搭配，需要了如指掌。‎ ‎【2017·天津卷】13. We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to work hard.‎ A. On average B. At best C. in return D. After all ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。A. 平均起来，一般说来 B. 最多，充其量 C. 作为汇报 D. 毕竟，终究。根据句意故选C。‎ 考点：考查介词短语辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】辨析介词短语没有捷径，只有加强平时的背诵，包括词组本身的含义，一词多义，做题时要弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系，进行判断。学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。‎ ‎【2017·江苏卷】32.Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.‎ A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查介词短语的辨析。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为……辩护；C. in face ‎ of面对；D. in relation to与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的 技能。故选D。‎ 考点：考查介词短语的辨析 ‎【2017·北京卷】35. Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.‎ ‎ A. at B. in C. on D. by ‎【答案】B 试题分析：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。‎ 考点：考查介词。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.‎ ‎61. crowds　考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。‎ ‎62. from　考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]‎ After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree 68.________ engineering or architecture.‎ ‎68. in　考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]‎ It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ They have also bought for some gardening tools.‎ ‎6. 去掉for　考查动词搭配。buy为及物动词，不能接介词for。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]‎ When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.‎ ‎1．删去of　考查介词。realize是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故删去介词of。‎ ‎2016年高考题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·天津】2. The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.‎ ‎ A. out of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach ‎【答案】B 考点：考查介词短语。‎ ‎【名师点睛】介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语，这题的介词短语都是out of+名词搭配，但是意思都是大相径庭，学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义，做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项确定答案。由many words have been added to the language since it was published.可以确定是“过时的”。‎ ‎2.【2016·浙江】6.That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.‎ A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：这个年轻人是诚实的，有合作精神的，当你需要他的帮助的时候，总是在那里。简言之，他是可靠的。A.否则；B.简言之；C.顺便说一下；D.首先。故选B。‎ 考点：考查介词短语。‎ ‎【名师点睛】介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语，这题的介词短语都是out of+名词搭配，但是意思都是大相径庭，学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义，做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项确定答案。这句话很明显，前后两句话意思一样，就是后面简短写，可以确定是“简言之”。‎ ‎3.【2016·浙江】7. The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______influence the basic ‎ processes by which we see world around us.‎ A. on B. in C. at D. about ‎【答案】B 考点：考查介词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这道题与其说是考查介词，还不如说是考查定语从句，因为介词in不是和后面的influence搭配，而是通过分析发现这是定语从句，和前面的先行词culture搭配需要什么介词。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,‎ ‎64. to 考查介词。固定短语：go back to “回到”。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. ‎ ‎44.on 考查固定搭配。形容词短语be focused on集中于....；很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎50. with考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具体工具的名词，故填with。‎ ‎4.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The mother continued to care for the young panda 47 more than two years.‎ ‎47.for 句意：妈妈继续照顾小熊猫两年多。此处表示一段时间，故填for。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分） ‎ My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.‎ ‎7. becoming前加of 考查介词。 固定短语: dream of 梦想做某事。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.‎ ‎59. to—for考查介词。leave sp for sp离开某地前往另一地，college是目的地，故把to改为for。‎ ‎60. I ∧need考查状语从句。whenever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论何时，随时”，从句缺少主语，根据句意可知，这里指“我”需要父母的帮助，故在whenever后加I。‎ ‎3.【2016·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.‎ ‎5.去掉on 固定词组：go shopping 去购物。可知去掉on。‎ ‎4.【2016·浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.‎ ‎73.【答案】chat改成chatted 考点：考查动词时态 ‎74.【答案】in改成on ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：on the top of…为固定搭配，意为“在……顶部”。故in改成on。‎ 考点：考查介词 ‎2015年高考题 ‎1.【2015·重庆】10. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.‎ A. below B. on C. at D. above ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。With 的宾语global temperature ，宾语补足above the average。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查介词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】with 的复合结构中，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词和代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式或分词充当。而本题考查with +名词/代词+介词短语,而介词的使用则根据当时语境的提示来做出相应的变化即句中的the warmest year on record起重要作用，可知高出平均气温。‎ ‎2.【2015·浙江】3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?‎ ‎ A. about B. to C. with D. over ‎【答案】 B ‎【考点定位】考查介词 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查到了分析句子成分的能力。当遇到一个句子比较复杂的时候，比如含有从句或疑问句时，要划分句子成分。对于疑问句，首先把它转化为陈述句，然后找出句子的主谓宾，把那一些修饰成分去掉，最后就可以知道该题考查的是be home to sth.‎ ‎3.【2015·浙江】17. These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.‎ ‎ A. in memory of B. in response to ‎ ‎ C. in touch with D. in possession of ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of 意为纪念， B. in response to意为回应，C. in touch with意为联系，D. in possession of意为拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in response to回应。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查介词短语 ‎【名师点睛】介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。本题考查的介词短语结构是介词+名词+介词的形式，本句另外还含有一个过去分词（asked by local newsmen）作定语的用法。‎ ‎4.【2015·浙江】10. Most people work because it’s unavoidable. , there are some people who actually enjoy work.‎ ‎ A. As a result B. In addition C. By contrast D. In conclusion ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：很多人工作是因为这是不可避免的，相反，有一些人是的确喜欢工作的。根据前后的意思，可以知道前后是表示对比。A意为结果， B意为此外， C意为相反， D意为结论。“不可避免”表述到一种无奈，也就是说，很多人是不得不工作的。后句的表达是“事实上有些人喜欢工作”， “喜欢”和“不得不”刚好构成一种否定，所以答案只能是选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查介词短语 ‎【名师点睛】本题关键词是不可避免unavoidable. 本题需要通过分析句子成分,判断前后的意思是相反的。介词的短语的考查，四个选项意思都是相差很大的，该题需要能够正确理解句子隐含意思。平时要注重识记介词短语的，另外这些介词短语表达可以运用在写作中。‎ ‎5.【2015·陕西】12. The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.‎ ‎ A. on B. by C. in D. at ‎【答案】B ‎【考点定位】考查介词 ‎【名师点睛】介词的考查一般与方位有关，也有的是一些习惯搭配，这题就是这样。take sb by the arm拉住某人的膀子，如果是“打某人的脸”就是hit sb in the face。如果是“打某人的后背”就是用hit sb on the back。‎ ‎6.【2015·福建】22._______A common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform.‎ A. of B. on C. to D. with ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考察介词辨析。A.of表示关于，表示从属关系；B.on表示在…之上；C.to表示对于；D.with表示和…在一起。该句意思为：他们共有的关于他们学校的记忆是校服。故选A ‎【考点定位】考查介词辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。本题考查的介词短语结构是介词+名词的形式。需要考生掌握好相应介词的功能。‎ ‎7.【2015·福建】32.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live_________nature.‎ A. in view of B. in need of C.in touch with 　D. in harmony with ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】考查介词短语辨析 ‎【名师点睛】短语辨析和单词的考察在试卷中经常出现。通常在介绍一个词语的时候会顺带着列出其固定搭配的短语。对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。当然介词短语的记忆可以结合具体介词以及主要的名词的意思来进行记忆。‎ ‎8.【2015·江苏】34.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _______ Thomas Edison.‎ A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but for ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。A项“多亏”，具有很强的迷惑性，如将题干改成“_______ Thomas  Edison, now we can benefit from many of the things  around ‎ us.”则选A项；B项“不管，不顾”；C项“除了”；D项“要不是”，常用于隐藏式（含蓄式）虚拟条件句。故选D项。‎ ‎【考点定位】介词短语辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。但很容易发现，A、C两项都可以表示“‎ 因为”，但but for还可以用于虚拟语气。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别。‎ ‎9.【2015·安徽】33.They believe that there are transport developments ______ that will bring a lot of changes for the better.‎ A. out of date B. out of order C. around the clock D. around the corner ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：他们认为即将到来的交通发展将会带来很多好的方面的变化。A过时的；B发生故障的；C昼夜不停地；D即将来临。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查介词短语 ‎【名师点睛】解答本题需要结合四个选项的意思和句意综合考虑，四个短语的意思分别是“过时的”；“出故障的”；“昼夜不停的”和“即将到来的”。根据“will”可知是将要发生的事情，四个选项中，只有D项表示将来。‎ ‎10.【2015·湖北】30.This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _____ that if you smoked here you would be fined. ‎ A.in advance B.in detail C. in total D.in general ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】介词短语辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。题干中的关键词“if you smoked here you would be fined”这一虚拟语气表示这是假设的情况，因此是在“提前”警告某人。另外，考生应注意积累“in+n.(+of)”这一常考搭配。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【两年模拟】2017、2018名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2018年模拟题 ‎1．【北京市丰台区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】What is your main reason for choosing one restaurant another?‎ A. over B. of C. from D. for ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：杰克，你选择这家饭店，而不是另一家的主要原因是什么？over强调比较的概念，意为“胜过”，你选择一家餐馆而不是另一家。故A正确。of表示所属关系；from表示“来自，从”；for表示“为了”。‎ ‎2．【北京市朝阳区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】The boy is having a fever. You’d better damp a towel and lay it ______ his forehead.‎ A. across B. within C. through D. beyond ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：这个男孩在发烧。你最好把毛巾弄湿，铺在他的额头上。A. across从表面上穿过；B. within在……里面；C. through从里面穿过；D. beyond超过。根据句意可知在额头上用across, 故选A.‎ ‎3．【北京市西城区2018届高三一模】Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential _____ putting too much pressure on them.‎ A. without B. besides C. by D. for ‎【答案】A ‎4. 【北京市丰台区2018届高三上学期期末】When reading the lines, readers can connect the literature to their own experience.‎ A. with B. for C. beyond D. on ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：当读者读出言外之意时，他们可以将文学与他们自己的经历联系起来。reading beyond the lines“言外之意”是固定短语。故选C。‎ ‎5. 【北京市石景山区2018届高三上学期期末】The poem is so beautiful. I’ll try to learn it _____‎ ‎ heart．‎ A. to B. by C. with D. in ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：这首诗如此优美。我将努力把它背下来。learn---by heart把---背下来，故选B。‎ ‎6．【天津市河东区2018届高三第一次模拟】It was warm and nice that evening. I stayed awake until eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.‎ A. on average B. on purpose C. on business D. on time ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查介词短语。A. on average平均；B. on purpose故意地，特地；C. on business出差；D. on time按时，准时。句意：那天晚上天气又暖和又好。我特地坚持到十一点不睡觉就是为了好好地看月亮。表示目的，故选B。‎ ‎7.【天津市部分区2018届高三质量调查(一)】The differences the children’s achievements can not be completely explained ________ their social backgrounds.‎ A. in front of B. in case of C. in need of D. in charge of ‎【答案】A ‎8. 【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届高三教学情况调研（一）】We really emphasize the importance of putting______safeguards to prevent children’s identities from falling in wrong people’s hands.‎ A. in place B. in vain C. in question D. in earnest ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】A考查介词短语。句意：我们确实强调了在适当的位置建立保障措施的重要性，以防止儿童的身份落入坏人之手。A. in place适当的，在适当的地方；B. in vain徒然，无效；C. in question讨论中；‎ D. in earnest认真的，诚挚的。故选A。‎ ‎9.【江苏省扬州市2018届高三上学期期期中联考】Membership of this club is open to those who are its aim.‎ A. in salute to B. in honour of C. in line with D. in sympathy with ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个俱乐部的会员对那些赞同其宗旨的人开放。in salute to向…致意，赞扬；in honour of为纪念，为庆祝；in line with跟…一致，符合； in sympathy with赞同，和…一致。根据题意，故选D。‎ ‎10. 【北京市海淀区2017届高三二模】With the development of economy, our income has increased ______ 10% in less than a year.‎ A. for B. by C. on D. at ‎【答案】B 语法填空 ‎【安徽省江淮十校2018届高三第二次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ For those _____41_____have seen War for the Planet of the Apes, it’s easy to come to this conclusion---the movie isn’t about war or the planet, and it’s not ____42____(necessary) even about the apes. The movie is about ____43____(survive) and the choices we all make when one wants to survive, good or bad.‎ With a story that should have been full of conflict and violence, it takes a different approach. You may find _____44_____(you) exposed to small pockets of action. While recent sci-fi movies have become _____45_____(know) for their action and scenes, War for the Planet of the Apes has taken science fiction _____46_____a thoughtful and intelligent direction.‎ War for the Planet of the Apes may not be the action and monster film that you had in mind, _____47_____it’s the kind of film that will make you want to sit in silence in the theater for ‎ a few minutes after it ends, taking in ____48____you’ve just witnessed.‎ The few movies that have that effect _____49_____(be) usually about humans, but this film enables people ____50____(feel) that way about apes. And that is what makes it a masterpiece.‎ ‎【答案】41. who ‎ ‎42. necessarily ‎ ‎43. survival ‎ ‎44. yourself ‎ ‎45. known 46. in ‎ ‎47. but 48. what ‎ ‎49. are 50. To feel ‎【解析】本文介绍电影《猩球崛起3》，这部电影讲述了生存以及我们所有人为生存所做出的选择，不论好坏。这样的故事本应充满了矛盾和暴力，但《猩球崛起3》采用了一种截然不同的表现手法——影片中只有少量的动作镜头，大多数场景都是安静的对话。尽管近来的科幻电影都以动作场面著称，但《猩球崛起3》却将科幻片带往一个充满深度和智慧的方向。‎ ‎41. 此处those是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who。‎ ‎42. 固定搭配：not necessarily不一定。甚至不一定是关于猿类的。句意：故答案为necessarily。‎ ‎43. 句意：这部电影是关于生存。根据句意可知用名词形式，答案为survival。‎ ‎44. 句意：你可能会发现自己暴露在一小部分行动中。故答案为yourself。‎ ‎45. 固定词组：be known for因---而闻名，become变得，故答案为known。‎ ‎46. in a thoughtful and intelligent direction. 以一种深思熟虑和聪明的方向。故答案为in。‎ ‎47. 句意：《猩球崛起3》或许并非你印象中的怪兽动作片，但这部电影结束后能让你在影院静坐片刻，消化刚刚所看到的一切。前后是一种转折关系，故答案为but。‎ ‎48. 句意：《猩球崛起3》或许并非你印象中的怪兽动作片，但这部电影结束后能让你在影院静坐片刻，消化刚刚所看到的一切。介词in后面是介词的宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，缺少宾语，所填词起双重作用，故答案为what。‎ ‎50. 句意：拥有如此效果的寥寥几部电影通常都描写人类，但这部关于猿族的电影却让人们感受到了同样的震撼。而这点令其成为杰作。enable sb. to do sth.使某人能够做某事，故答案为to feel。‎ ‎2. 【安徽省六校教育研究会2018届高三第二次联考】‎ Many of us enjoy music because of the way it makes us feel. But for chimps (黑猩猩), it’s nothing more than a lot of noise. Scientists from the University of York, UK, found that chimps don’t appreciate listening to music, despite their DNA___41___(be) 96 to 98 percent similar to that of humans.‎ In the study, a “jukebox (自动唱机)”___42___(create), which allowed chimps to select their favorite classical, pop or rock music, or___43___(simple) to choose silence. The animals walked away from the music they seemed to dislike the most. The study found they were less likely___44___ (walk) away from classical music like Mozart than fast-paced pop songs like those of Justin Bieber’s.‎ Emma Wallace from the University of York told the Daily Mail that the fast-paced rhythm may have been ___45___turned the chimps off. “___46___it’s more possible for the chimpanzees to leave to the faster music, they did not show ___47___actual preference for the slower classical music,” said Wallace. “In fact, they seem to be indifferent to both___48___(type) of music.”‎ These results suggested that music___49___(appreciate) may be something that is unique___50___humans, according to Wallace.‎ ‎【答案】41. being ‎ ‎42. was created ‎ ‎43. simply 44. to walk ‎ ‎45. what 46. While/Though/Although ‎ ‎47. an 48. types ‎ ‎49. appreciation ‎ ‎50. to ‎【解析】研究表明，尽管大猩猩的基因中有96%-98%和人类相似，但是大猩猩并不喜欢音乐，音乐欣赏可能是人类特有的能力。‎ ‎43. 考查副词。结合上题中的句意可知，该空修饰动词choose，修饰动词要用副词，故该空填simply。‎ ‎44. 考查固定句式。句意：研究发现，和快节奏的流行歌曲相比，它们远离古典音乐的可能性较小。be likely to do sth.是固定句式，意为“可能做某事”。‎ ‎45. 考查名词性从句。句意：快节奏可能使大猩猩们失去了兴趣。“_____ turned the chips off”是表语从句，该空在从句中做主语，且表示名词意思，故要用what引导该从句。‎ ‎46. 考查状语从句。句意：尽管黑猩猩更有可能选择较快的音乐，但是，实际上，它们没有表现出对较慢的古典音乐的偏爱。根据句意，该空引导让步状语从句，故可填Although/Though/While。‎ ‎47. 考查冠词。a preference for sth.意为“对……的偏爱”，该空位于actual前面，actual的发音开头是元音音素，故该空填an。‎ ‎48. 考查名词。句意：实际上，它们对于两种类型的音乐都不感兴趣。both修饰可数名词复数，故该空填types。‎ ‎49. 考查名词。句意：这些结果表明：音乐欣赏可能是人类独有的能力。“music ____”是主语，主语应用名词，故该空填appreciation。‎ ‎50. 考查介词。be unique to sb. 是固定表达，意为“对……来说是独有的”。‎ ‎3. 【安徽省皖南八校2018届高三上学期第一次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Tea is one of the most popular____41____(drink)in the world. You make it by pouring hot water over the___42___ (dry)leaves of a tea plant. For centuries people believed that tea could cure illnesses, and they used it as medicine. Today scientists know that tea contains chemicals that prevent cells from____43____(die). Most teas have caffeine in them, a substance that makes you feel more active. Some people have problems drinking tea because it can cause ___44___(sleepless).‎ The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places___45___rain falls throughout the ‎ year. Teas can be grown from sea level___46___about 2,000 metres, but the best quality grows in higher regions.‎ Tea ___47___(come)from the leaves and buds of tea plants. Wild plants can be up to 9 metres high but on tea plantations(茶园)they ___48___(cut)back to a bush of about a metre in height so that workers can pull the leaves ___49___(easy). It takes a plant three to five years before it is ready for plucking(采摘).‎ A plucker can harvest about 20 kg of tea a day. on large tea plantations the leaves are harvested by machines, ___50___the quality of tea is higher when the leaves are plucked by hand.‎ ‎【答案】41. drinks 42. dried 43. dying 44. sleeplessness 45. where 46. to ‎ ‎47. comes 48. are cut 49. easily 50. but ‎【解析】 本文属于饮食类。主要讲述茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一，及喝茶的作用，茶的种植。‎ ‎41. drinks ‎ 考查名词的复数。句意：茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一。根据句意可知是最受欢迎的饮料之一，应该是复数，故用drinks.‎ ‎42. dried ‎ 考查过去分词作状语。句意：你可以热水泡干的茶叶。根据常识可知茶叶是烘干的，故要用dried作定语，被烧坏的，dried。‎ ‎43. dying ‎44. sleeplessness ‎ 考查名词作宾语。句意：它会导致失眠。动词cause后要跟名词作宾语，故要用sleepessness。‎ ‎45. where 考查定语从句。茶树在热带和温带地区生长最好，那里全年有雨水降落。先行词places 在从句中作地点状语，故用where。 ‎ ‎46. to ‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：茶叶可以从海平面生长到2000米左右。from…to…,从……到……，故选to。‎ ‎47. comes ‎ 考查谓语动词。句意：茶来自茶树的叶子和芽。Tea 是个不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数，故用 ‎ comes。‎ ‎50. but ‎ 考查转折连词。大茶园的叶子是由机器收割，但是手工采摘的茶叶 质量更高。分析句意可知两句是转折关系，故用but。‎ ‎4. 【广东七校联合体2018届高三第二次联考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Take a tour of Monkey Park Situated between Jerusalem and the coastal city of Tel Aviv, Israel’s Monkey Park is home _____41_____ more than two hundred and fifty different species of monkeys.‎ Considered one of the country’s most popular animal ______42______(attraction), it offers a unique experience as it ______43______(run) by the Israeli Primate Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose aim is to provide a rehabilitation(康复) center for monkeys while ______44______(educate) the public about these lovely creatures.‎ Over the last two years the park ______45______(receive) 650 monkeys from a breeding farm that shut down. Most monkeys in ______46______ park live in enclosures(圈地). Visitors are able to view them up close and, thanks to one ______47______(special) designed section, are even able to interact with them. Right outside the visiting area is the rehabilitation center. That’s _____48_____ monkeys who need care are being nursed back to health.‎ Among the family-friendly activities ______49______(offer) at Monkey Park for human visitors are workshops, rides and wall climbing. There are also comprehensive guided walking tours, ______50______ last up to three hours.‎ One feature of the Monkey Park is the children’s playground. But it’s still the monkeys that attract people most.‎ ‎【答案】41. to 42. attractions 43. is run 44. educatin 45. has received 46. the 47. specially 48. where 49. offered 50. which ‎【解析】文章介绍了猴子公园，包括它的地理位置，特点，经营模式等。‎ ‎41. to考查介词。句意：以色列的猴子公园位于耶路撒冷和特拉维夫海滨城市之间，有250多种不同种类的猴子。home to是…的故乡，故填to.‎ ‎42. attractions考查名词复数。句意：它被认为是该国最受欢迎的动物景点之一，动物景点用名词复数形式，故填attractions。 ‎ ‎43. is run考查时态和语态。句意：它是由以色列灵长类基金会管理的，表示这个动作现在的情况，用一般现在时态；是被管理的，用被动语态。故填is run。‎ ‎44. educating考查非谓语动词。句意：它的目标是提供为猴子提供一个康复(康复)中心同时教育公众有关这些可爱的生物。故填educating。‎ ‎48. where考查连词。句意：在那里，需要照顾的猴子正被照顾着恢复健康。where引导表语从句。故填where。‎ ‎49. offered考查动词过去分词。句意：在猴子公园为游客提供的适合家庭的活动中，有工作室、游乐设施和攀爬墙。offered过去分词作定语修饰activities，故填offered。‎ ‎50. which考查关系代词。句意：此外，还有全面的导游徒步旅行，最长可达三个小时。Which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，故填which。‎ ‎5. 【广东省深圳市2018届高三第一次调研】‎ Yu Rong, a Chinese artist, thinks of a new way to introduce ____41____ ancient story of Hua Mulan in her picture book. In the book, I Am Hua Mulan, she tells the story by _____42_____(combine) paper-cutting with international artistic styles. She places Shaanxi paper-cuts over western-style pencil sketches(素描) ____43____ (create) a typical presentation of Chinese elements (元素), which turns out to be a ____44____(success) and impressive breakthrough.‎ Hua Mulan, ____45____ story has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the ‎ Northern Wei Dynasty(386-534). As a devoted daughter, she dressed herself as a man to serve in the army ____46____ place of her father. Mulan's characteristics, such as courage, kindness and a disinterested attitude toward fame and fortune, made ____47____ (she) one of the most respected historical Chinese heroines. Mulan's story has been adapted _____48_____( frequent) in modern media, including TV shows, video games and literature. For example, in 1998, Disney produced a film named Mulan, which ____49____ (consider) a great success by critics and the public.‎ To better tell the story, Yu Rong takes inspiration from her several _____50_____ (visit) to sites of ancient battles and Henan province's Yuju Opera. After years of preparation she finally makes this extraordinary work.‎ ‎【答案】41. the ‎ ‎42. combining ‎ ‎43. to create ‎ ‎44. successful ‎ ‎45. whose 46. in ‎ ‎47. her 48. frequently ‎ ‎49. was considered ‎ ‎50. visits ‎【解析】本文介绍了中国艺术家绘者郁蓉创作的中国元素图画书《我是花木兰》。‎ ‎46. 考查介词。in place of是固定短语，表示替代，故填in。‎ ‎47. 考查代词。动词后用宾格的代词，故填her。‎ ‎48. 考查副词。副词修饰动词，经常修饰改编，故填frequently。‎ ‎49. 考查动词时态语态。电影和认为是被动关系，which后面少谓语动词，produced提示用一般过去时，故填was considered。‎ ‎50. 考查名词。several修饰名词复数，故填visits。‎ 短文改错 ‎1. 【安徽省六校教育研究会2018届高三第二次联考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, hopes to stop using fossil fuel (化石能源) completely by 2040. Now the city wants larger lorries what cause more pollution to use bio-fuel, which are produced from waste. Stockholm is also working with Fortum, an energy company, to take advantage a city-wide heating system, use waste heat from supermarkets and stadiums to supply heat for homes. However, the city is trying to change people behavior, step by step. On one newly built estate (庄园), people are providing with tablets that show its real-time energy usage. This is to help them good understand how they use and waste gas, water and electricity.‎ ‎【答案】1. 第 1 句 capital 前 the 删除 ‎ ‎2. 第 2 句 whatàthat/which ‎ ‎3.第 2 句 areàis ‎ ‎4. 第 3 句 advantage 后加 of ‎ ‎5. 第 3 句 useàusing ‎ ‎6.第 4 句 However àBesides/Moreover/… ‎ ‎7. 第 4句 peopleàpeople’s ‎ ‎8. 第 5 句 providingàprovided ‎ ‎9. 第 5 句 itsàtheir ‎ ‎10. 第 6 句goodàbetter ‎【解析】第一处：考查冠词。句意：斯德哥尔摩，瑞典的首都，希望到2040年完全停止使用化石能源。“the capital of Sweden”是Stockholm的同位语，做同位语时，capital前不加冠词，故应将the去掉。‎ 第二处：句意：这座城市想让造成更多污染的大卡车使用生物燃料。分析句子结构，“what cause more pollution”是定语从句，修饰larger lorries，引导词在从句中做主语，指物，故该从句要用关系代词which/that引导。what不能引导定语从句。‎ 第六处：考查副词。句意：这座城市正在努力地逐步改变人们的行为。该句和上一句（斯德哥尔摩和一家名为Fortum的能源公司合作来利用全市供热系统，利用来自超市和体育馆的余热为家庭供暖）之间是并列关系，不是转折关系，故应将However改为“Besides/Moreover”。‎ 第七处：考查名词所有格形式。句意：这座城市正在努力地逐步改变人们的行为。根据句意，修饰behaviour要用名词所有格形式，故应将people改为people’s。‎ 第八处：考查被动语态。句意：在一个新建的庄园里，给人们提供了平板电脑。tablets和provide之间是被动关系，故该句应用被动语态，将providing改为provided。‎ 第九处：考查代词。在一个新建的庄园里，给人们提供了平板电脑，这些平板电脑可以显示人们实时的能源使用情况。该处指人们的能源使用情况，故应将its改为their。‎ 第十处：考查比较级。句意：这有助于他们更好地了解他们如何使用水，电，气。结合句意，应将good改为better。‎ ‎2. 【安徽省皖南八校2018届高三上学期第一次联考】‎ ‎51. 假定英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Be an excellent student with all-round development, Li Hua has been honored as Star of all the subjects but often ranks among the top three in the class. After class, she is active in the playground, music club and some community. The sport he likes most is playing the basketball. He also took great delight in Chinese opera as well singing pop songs. Besides, he takes an actively part in all sorts of social practices. In a word, Li Hua is an outstanding student, which has set a good example to us.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】1.Be 改为Being ‎ 考查非谓语。作为一名全面发展的优秀学生，李华被誉为学科的明星。Be与李华是主动关系 ，故要用动词ing。‎ ‎3.she 改为he 考查代词。句意：课下，他在操场、音乐俱乐部和一些社区很活跃。根据内容可知李华是个男的，故要用he。‎ ‎4community改为communities 考查名词的数。some community一些社区，所以community,要用复数，故把community改为communities。‎ ‎5.去掉the 考查固定搭配。句意：他最喜欢的运动是打篮球。三餐和球类前不加冠词，打篮球，为play basketball，为固定搭配，故去掉the。‎ ‎6.took改为takes...‎ 考查谓语动词的时态。句意：他也很喜欢中国歌剧， 喜欢唱流行歌曲。本文主要讲述李华的现在的一些事情，可知用一般现在时，故要把took改为takes。‎ ‎9.which改为who ‎ 考查定语从句的关系词。句意：李华是个杰出的学生，给我们树立了好榜样。student,是先行词，在从句中作主语，指人，不能用which只能用who，故把which改为who。 ‎ ‎10.to 改为for 考查固定搭配。句意：李华是个杰出的学生，给我们树立了好榜样。set a good example for，为……树立榜样，为固定搭配，故要把to 改为for.‎ ‎3. 【广东七校联合体2018届高三第二次联考试】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I will share one experience with you. With the College Entrance Examination draw near, I was ‎ filled with great anxiety. However, I couldn’t be absorbed in study, resulting from my failing in the examination. I got very discouraging. Just then, my teacher, Miss Zhang, approach me and said, “In life we all have moment when we can’t achieve what we want it. It is natural. Don’t allow those moments to weaken you, and turn them into motivation to inspire you.” Her words were a reminder which provided myself with constant encouragement to smile at life. Consequently, I gained what I deserved.‎ So it is an optimistic attitude which matters most of all. It gives you the confidence to deal with difficulties and to achieve what you want in your life.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎2.However改为Therefore考查副词。正因为我很焦虑，所以我才无法集中注意力于学习，导致我在考试中失败。上下文之间是因果关系，所以使用副词therefore表示因果关系。故将However改为Therefore。 ‎ ‎3.from改为in考查动词短语。短语result in导致；result from因为，由于。正是因为我很焦虑，所以我才无法集中注意力于学习，导致我在考试中失败。根据句意可知应该使用短语result in“导致”，故将from改为in。 ‎ ‎4.discouraging改为discouraged考查形容词。形容词discouraged感到泄气，该词通常修饰人；形容词discouraging令人失望的，该词经常修饰事物。本句中使用discouraged修饰主语I，故将discouraging改为discouraged。 ‎ ‎5.approach改为approached考查时态。由时间状语just then可知用一般过去时态，故将approach改为approached。 ‎ ‎6.moment改为moments考查名词单复数。句意：在生命里，我们都会有无法得到我们想要的东西的时刻。都会有的时刻，要用复数形式，故将moment改为moments。 ‎ ‎9.myself改为me考查连词。句意：不要让这些消极时刻消弱我们，而是要把它们当成激励自己是动机。不要本句中宾语me作动词inspire的宾语。‎ ‎10.which改为that考查固定句型。句意：所以最重要的是乐观的态度，它让你有信心去面对困难，实现你生活中想要的。It is + 被强调部分+that+句子其他部分，是强调句型结构，故将which改为that。‎ ‎4. 【广东省深圳市2018届高三第一次调研】 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(/)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词 ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ I woke up lately yesterday because my alarm clock didn't ring. With no time for the breakfast, I rushed out of my house. I had intended to catch the 7: 30 subway, and I didn't make it. Have a little time left. I take a taxi instead. I arrived at the school only find, with great sadness mixed with some relief, that the school where should have been full of students was empty. It was Saturday. However, our ill luck showed no sign of coming at an end. When I returned home, I found myself lock out. I had forgotten to bring the key. Just my luck.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】小题1 考查副词。lately表示最近，而此处是醒晚了。故lately改为late。‎ 小题2 考查冠词。 一日三餐前面通常不用the。故the去掉  。‎ 小题3考查连词。句意是指我本打算赶7:0地铁，但是没有成功。上下文是转折关系。故and改为but。 ‎ 小题4 考查非谓语动词。前后主语一致，省略主语和be动词，表示主动，用现在分词。故Have改为Having.‎ ‎ 小题10 考查非谓语动词。find+宾语+宾补，我和锁住是被动关系，用过去分词。故lock改为locked。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 答题中注意句子中人称和数是否一致，如小题8 通篇讲述我的经历，故our改为my。 时态是否一致。如小题5   本文是以一般过去时为主的，故使用一般过去时。各种词性之间的区别以及一些常用句型，固定短语的应用。一般的这类题型不会出现太复杂的单词和句子，这类题型考察的就是我们的基础知识。平时应注重积累，熟记一些句型及惯用结构。如小题9 come to an end是固定结构，表示结束。修改前先细读短文，标出出错的位置，改完以后还得细读短文，看看改过后的短文是否语意通顺，符合逻辑。‎ ‎5. 【广东省肇庆市2018届高三毕业班第二次统一检测】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有l0处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词 ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从笫11处起)不计分。‎ Mr. Black is my favorite teacher, which is 1.7 meters in height. Before graduating from college, he became the senior high school teacher. Since then, he taught math for a few decade. It's said that he will retire early from his position next year owing to poorly health conditions. During his teaching years, he not only can make his students to learn well, but also is well-known for her unique teaching methods of how to effectively inspire students' enthusiasm. I didn’t like math a year ago. For me, it seemed bored and difficult. He was the only teacher that usually helps me with patience. Now I'm good at math.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】1.此处teacher是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中做主语，故把which---who。‎ ‎2.句意：大学毕业之后，他成了一名大学老师。根据句意可知把Before---After。‎ ‎3. 句意：大学毕业之后，他成了一名大学老师。根据句意可知把the---a。‎ ‎4.根据Since then可知句子用现在完成时态，故在he后面加has。‎ ‎5.a few修饰可数名词复数，故把decade--- decades。‎ ‎6.形容词修饰名词，故把poorly--- poor。‎ ‎7.固定结构：make sb. do sth.故把make his students to learn well,中的to去掉。‎ ‎8.句意：他的独一无二的教学方法。根据前面的Mr. Black可知把her---his。‎ ‎9.句意：对我来说，这似乎是令人厌烦和困难的。根据句意可知把bored---boring。‎ ‎10.句意：他是唯一一位耐心帮助我的老师。这里指的是过去的事，所以句子用一般过去时态，故把help---helped。‎ ‎2017年模拟题 ‎1. 【2017届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟】Many of us see reading as an investment in ourselves, so it’s only natural that we want to learn something useful        our efforts.‎ A. in view of B. in response to C. in parallel with D. in return for ‎【答案】D ‎2. 【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】 If you can do what you’re weakest ______, you can handle any challenge.‎ A. for B. at C. with D. to ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查介词的搭配。句意：如果你能做你最不擅长的事情，那么你就能面对任何挑战了。be weak at意为“在……上不擅长，在……方面是弱势”，故选B。‎ ‎3. 【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】With the development of economy, our income has increased       10% in less than a year.‎ A. for B. by C. on D. at ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：随着经济的发展，我们的收入一年内增加了10%。increase by 表示“增加了多少”。故选B。‎ ‎4. 【2017届江苏省南通、扬州、泰州、淮安四市高三下学期第三次模拟】A good suitcase is essential for someone who is ______ as much as Jackie is.‎ A. on the rise B. on the line C. on the spot D. on the run ‎【答案】D ‎5. 【2017届天津市河北区高三总复习质量检测（二）】    the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.‎ A. In reply to B. In addition to C. In charge of D. In place of ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】试题分析：句意：除了这个学校外，这个村子有一个诊所，这个诊所也是有政府支持建造的。In reply to作为回答；In addition to另外；In charge of 负责；In place of取代。‎ 考点：考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题与2015年湖北卷This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.类似，都是in结构，In addition to=" apart" from,考生应注意积累“in+n.(+of)”这一常考搭配。‎ ‎6. 【2017届天津市十二重点中学高三毕业班联考（二）】Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears     .‎ A. at no time B. at one time C. in no time D. for the time being ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考察固定词组意思。句意"简单地举起你的手，出租车就会立刻出现在你面前。"in no time立刻，很快。故选C。‎ ‎7. 【江苏省连云港市、徐州市、宿迁市2017届高三年级第三次模拟】Any reform of the government should be ________ the popular mood and times.‎ A. in tune with B. in preference to C. in light of D. in terms of ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：政府的任何改革应该______大众的意愿和时代。A. in tune with 与……协调，与……一致；B. in preference to优先于……；C. in light of按照，根据；D. in terms of在……方面。A项符合语境。‎ ‎8. 【江苏省苏锡常镇2017届高三英语教学情况调查（二）】________ individual players, we have a great team but the problem is that they don’t play football together well at all.‎ A. On top of B. By means of C. In terms of D. In case of ‎【答案】C ‎9. 【天津市和平区2017届高三第三次质量调查（三模）】We’d better discuss everything ___________ before we work out the plan.‎ A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. in time ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在我们制定计划之前，我们最好详细地讨论每件事。in detail详细地；in general通常，大体上；on purpose故意地；on time准时，按时。故选A。‎ ‎10. 【天津市南开区2017届高考三模】 一 Why not talk with your parents about your willingness to attend 2017 Peking University Summer Camp?‎ 一 I tried   to get them to listen to me. But_______.‎ A. in time B. in vain C. in need D. in case ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】本题考查介词短语。句意：--为什么不告诉你的父母关于你想参加北京大学夏令营的事？----我试着说服让他们听我的，但没用。in vain白费地；徒劳无益地；无效果的；无用的。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎【浙江省杭州市第二中学2017届高三考前热身】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式 On many campuses, it has become a trend for a host of students to participate in various 　　　　36　　　　(activity). Involved in some positive ones, students find them quite 　　　　37　　　　(benefit) and rewarding.‎ A case in point is the English club 　　　　38　　　　 the activity of learning benefits me most. In contemporary world, English learning has gained great popularity and it is 　　　39　　　great importance for students to learn English well. However, I 　　　　40　　　　(meet) a variety of difficulties in study so far. For instance, I have trouble 　　　　　41　　　　　‎ ‎(memorize) words. Sometimes, it is also difficult for me to understand the rules of grammar. Although I can read and write, I cannot express myself freely in English.‎ Then, how to get a good command of his language for me? I 　　　　42　　　　(convince) that practice makes perfect and that joining the English club is worthwhile. In the English club, daily practice enables me 　　　43　　　(speak) and write fluently. It is also through constant practice 　　　44　　　 I can master the rules of grammar and remember words. I will bear in mind that 　　　　　45　　　　　 I try my best to practice every day, the future of my English learning will be promising.‎ ‎【答案】36.activities37.beneficial38.where39.of40.have met41.memorizing42.am convinced43.to speak44.that45.if ‎【解析】在很多学校参加各种各样的社团活动已经成为一种流行趋势，作者参加了英语俱乐部，通过参加这个社团，作者受益匪浅。‎ ‎39.考查介词。of +名词=该名词的形容词，of great importance=very important。‎ ‎40.考查谓语动词。根据时间状语so far可知，应用现在完成时，故填have met。‎ ‎41.考查固定搭配。have trouble (in) doing“在做某事方面有困难”，故填动词的现在分词形式memorizing。‎ ‎42.考查被动语态。I和convince之间是被动关系，故填am convinced。‎ ‎43.考查固定搭配。enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”，故填to speak。‎ ‎44.考查强调句。句意：正是通过不断的联系我才能够掌握语法并记住单词。去掉It is 和that后，句子仍然完整，故判断为强调句。‎ ‎45.考查从属连词。句意：我将永远记得：如果我每天都努力练习，我学习英语的未来将一片光明。此处引导条件状语从句，故填if。‎ ‎【云南省师范大学附属中学2017届高三上学期高考适应性考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并填在答题卡的相应位置。‎ New York City is one of the Largest cities on the globe, 　　　41　　　it consists of five districts: Manhattan, Queens, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Staten Island. New York City 　　42　　has ‎ a very unique personality is very popular with people. After all, you can sense its　　　43　　　(special) at the first glance: countless skyscrapers, busy people　　　44　　　(move)about street corners and nightly skyline brightened by flash light. If you are willing  　　45　　(explore), New York City can never be　　　46　　　place that kills you. Even　　　47　　　normal days, you can meet people of different colors with different languages　　　48　　　(speak). 　　　49　　　(additional), you never go short of any particular food or entertainment, no matter what country　　　50　　　comes from.‎ ‎【答案】41.and42.which/that43.specialties44.moving45.to explore46.a47.on48.spoken49.Additionally50.it ‎【解析】本文介绍世界上最大的城市之一——纽约。‎ ‎41.句意：纽约是世界上最大的城市之一，它有五个区组成。根据句意可知此处表示并列的递进关系，故填and。‎ ‎46.句意：纽约永远不会成为一个扼杀你的地方。根据句意可知此空填不定冠词a。‎ ‎47.句意：甚至在正常的日子。根据句意可知填介词on。‎ ‎48.此处是with的独立主格结构，with+宾语+过去分词，表被动关系，故答案为spoken。‎ ‎49.副词修饰整个句子，故答案为Additionally。注意大写开头。‎ ‎50.句意：你从不缺少任何特定的食物或娱乐，不管它来自哪个国家。根据句意可知it指代前面提到的食物或娱乐。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎【云南省师范大学附属中学2017届高三上学期高考适应性考试】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need the referee and rarely trouble to keeping scores. We don’t care much about two wins or loses, but it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot of on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stage, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the deciding of which side shall started, is almost a game itself. Grown-ups can hard find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at how their kids play such simple games again and again.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎3.根据句意可知：他们不太在意输与赢。故把Ｗｅ―――Ｔｈｅｙ。‎ ‎４.句意：他们不太在意输与赢，并且如果比赛还没有结束，他们似乎并不担心。根据句意可知此处表示并列的递进关系，故把ｂｕｔ―――ａｎｄ。‎ ‎５.句意：他们喜欢很多靠运气的游戏。根据句意可知此处并不是ａ　ｌｏｔ　ｏｆ　修饰名词，而是相当于ｖｅｒｙ　ｍｕｃｈ，故把ａ　ｌｏｔ　ｏｆ　中的ｏｆ去掉。‎ ‎６.句意：他们的个人能力不能直接被比较。根据句意可知此处是含情态动词的被动语态，故在ｃａｎｎｏｔ后面加ｂｅ。‎ ‎１０.句意：他们经常感到疑惑为什么他们的孩子重复玩这么简单的游戏。根据句意可知把ｈｏｗ―――ｗｈｙ。‎ ‎【四川省泸州市2017届高三四诊（临考冲刺模拟）】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎  2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I hardly remember my grandmother.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.I was only four when she passes away.She is just a distant memory for me now.I remember my grandfather very much.He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.He had a deep voice,which set himself apart from others in our small town,he was strong ‎ and powerful.In a fact,he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.However,he was the gentlest man I have never known.‎ ‎【答案】I hardly remember my grandmother.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.I was only four ‎                                           hold when she passes away.She is just a distant memory for me now.I remember my grandfather very much.He was tall,‎ ‎        passed                                                                 well with broad shoulder and a beard that∧turned from black toward gray over the years.He had a deep voice,which set ‎       shoulders            had himself apart from others in our small town,∧he was strong and powerful.In a fact,he even scared my classmates away                                had                        去掉a him during they came over to play or do homework with me.However,he was the gentlest man I have never known.‎ when                                                                         ever 句意为“他个子很高，肩膀宽阔”，根据常理，人有两个肩膀，肩膀应该是复数，所以应该用复数形式，故将 shoulder改为 shoulders 。‎ And后的句子 a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.缺少谓语，句意为祖父有多年从黑色变成了灰色的胡子，时态应该与前文保持一致，用过去时，故在此处加上had。‎ 句意：他的深沉的声音把他和别人区别开来。所以应该用宾格him。故将himself改为him。‎ 根据句中结构可知He had a deep voice…和he was strong and powerful是并列关系，故用and连接。‎ 实际上，固定短语应该为in fact ,故删去a。‎ during为介词，后不能接句子；应用when这个连词引导时间状语从句。故将during改为when。‎ 语义错误。根据句意：他是我认识的最温柔的人。故将将never改为ever。‎ ‎【名师点睛】：‎ During 和when 的区别：‎ during为介词，后面接名词：I went to visit the Great Wall during the summer vacation.我暑假里去游览了长城； when意为“当…”，引导时间状语从句。when强调时间点，通常译为“当…”，例如：When she came in, I was cooking. 她进来时，我正在做饭。‎ 例如本文第9题：he even scared my classmates away him during they came over to play or do homework with me。during是介词，后面不能是一个句子，应该用when引导时间状语从句。故将during改为when.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 ‎1. The decision by the State Council to introduce Chinese Brands Day was made ________a request filed by the National Development and Reform Commission, China’s top economic regulator.‎ A. in contrast to B. in response to C. in light of D. in spite of ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查介词短语 句意：国务院设立“中国品牌日”的决定是为了响应中国最高经济监管机构——国家发改委的号召。此题考查的是介词短语，A项表示的是“与……形成对比”；B项是“对……做出回应”；C项是“根据，鉴于”；D项是“尽管，不管”，故B项正确。‎ ‎【考点】考查介词短语 ‎2. People of the highest position, ______ culture and education, have often as great hardships as the common people.‎ ‎ A. in light of B. in course of C. in anticipation of D. in respect of ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查介词短语 ‎3. The proposal was denied ________ a more cautious one. ‎ ‎ A. in case of B. in defense of C. in favor of D. in face of ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查介词短语 句意上：那个建议被否决了以选择一更谨慎的。A项表示的是“以防”之意；B项表示“为...辩护”；C项“为了支持”而D项表示“面对”，故选C。‎ ‎【考点】考查介词短语 ‎4. The criminal was desperate to get out. He tried everything to escape, but _____.‎ ‎ A. in person B. in company C. in favor D. in vain ‎ 考点：介词短语 ‎5. Almost unbelievably, that dream has now become a reality ________America’s first African-American leader and its first black first family.‎ ‎ A. in the eyes of B. in the shape of C. in the event of D. in the wake of ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查介词短语 现在，这个人梦想以首位非洲裔美国总统和收割黑皮肤的第一家庭的形式得到了实现，令人难以置信。A 项表示的是“在…眼里”；B项是“以…形式”；C项表示的是“万一，如果”之意；D项表示的是“随后”之意，故选B项正确。‎ ‎【考点】考查介词短语 ‎6. China considers market economy status important to its efforts to increase or _______ support trade levels.‎ ‎ A. at least B. at most C. at best D. at worst ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】考查介词短语 句意：中国认为市场经济地位对该国提升或至少维持贸易水平的措施来说非常重要。A项是“至少”；B项表示“至多”；C项是“充其量”；D项表示“最坏情况”，依照句意故选A项正确。‎ ‎【考点】考查介词短语 ‎7. If there is something wrong with the machine, it should be reported at once to the engineer _____.‎ ‎ A. in return B. in order C. in charge D. in ‎ shape ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果机器出了故障，应该立刻报告给负责的工程师。根据句意可知，in charge“负责”，符合句意，故选C项。in return “作为回报”；in order “按顺序”；in shape “健康状况良好”。‎ 考点：介词短语 ‎8. As the traditional Spring Festival is approaching, shop owners from all walks of life offer large discounts _____ high sales income from their customers.‎ ‎ A. in expectation of B. in celebration of C. in explanation of D. in possession of ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在传统的春节来临之际，各行各业的店主提供低的折扣，以期待从他们的顾客那里得到高的销售收入。in expectation of意为＂期待，期望＂，符合句意，故选A项。in celebration of ＂为了庆祝＂； in explanation of ＂对……进行解释＂；in possession of ＂拥有，占有＂。‎ 考点：介词短语 ‎9. The act of seeing things _______ a different perspective can help us to see the positive in what looks like the negative.‎ A. in B. to C. from D. with ‎【答案】C 考点：介词辨析 ‎10. Both parties have agreed to the proposal _______ but we still have to negotiate the details. ‎ A. in principle B. on occasion C. on schedule D. in contrast ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】考查介词短语。句意：我们双方就提案原则上意见一致，但细节还得再商谈。A项表示“原则上”；B项是“偶然地”之意；C项表示“准时，准点”；D项是“对比”之意，故选A适合。‎ ‎【考点】考查介词短语 ‎11. Tom usually does traditional exercises like sit-ups, press-ups and pull-ups to stay ______.‎ A. in shape B. in order C. in fashion D. in place ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查介词短语用法 句意：Tom经常做一些传统的训练诸如引体向上、俯卧撑和仰卧起坐之类的运动来使自己处于良好的身体状态。A项表示“处于良好状态”；B项是“按次序”；C项表示“流行，时兴”；D项是“在恰当的位置”。故选A适合。‎ ‎【考点】考查介词短语 ‎12. The pollution of the forest has seriously affected plant life and, _______ a lesser extent, wildlife.  ‎ A. on B. to C. in D. at ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意： 森林污染对植物有严重的影响, 对野生动物也有一定影响。to …extent“到某种程度”。 故选B项。‎ 考点：固定短语辨析 ‎13. World Bank warned that China’s working-age population would fall by 10% by 2040 ________ a recent relaxation of its one-child policy.‎ ‎ A. in favor of B. in terms of C. in response to D. in spite of ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查介词短语 ‎14. Overall, female college students were _______ the minority, accounting for less than a quarter of all those who chose the military course.‎ A. on B. at C. in D. by ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：总的来说，在所有选择军事课程的大学生中，女生占少数，不到总人数的四分之一。in the minority占少数。 故选C项。‎ 考点：介词辨析 ‎15. There is certainly no difference between you two _______________ intelligence.‎ ‎ A. in memory of B. in honor of C. in search of D. in terms of ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在智力方面，你们两个之间当然没有区别。A项意思为“为了纪念”，B项意思为“对……表示敬意；为了纪念......”，C项意思为“寻找”，D项意思为“在……方面”。所以选择D。‎ 考点：考查介词短语的用法 ‎16. In France, Sophie Marceau, 36, is one of the top 15 actresses. It's a country where mature women are considered attractive and film mirrors this, _________America's love of fresh faces and glamour.‎ A. with regard to B. on account of C. in contrast to D. In response to ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：36岁的苏菲玛索是法国最优秀的15位女演员之一。法国成熟女性被认为很妩媚并且法国电影也反映了这一点，相比之下，美国人则更爱新鲜面孔和迷人的美。A. with regard to关于；B. on account of因为；C. in contrast to作为对比；D. in response to对……做出回应。根据句意可知，这里是和美国进行对比，故选C。‎ ‎【考点】考查介词短语辨析 ‎17. It was________ what I had previously thought that my new English teacher turned out to be a very interesting person.‎ ‎ A. in spite of B. contrary to ‎ C. as a result of D. in addition to ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：和我以前的想法相反的是我的英语老师结果是一个非常有趣的人。这里介词短考查语，A. in spite of尽管，B. contrary to和…相反，C. as a result of因为......，D. in addition to此外，所以选B。‎ 考点: 考查介词短语辨析 ‎18. Some 2.2 million people in Britain have type 2 (or late-onset) diabetes, a figure that is expected to reach 4 million by 2025 _________ rising levels of obesity.‎ ‎ A．regardless of B． as a consequence of C．in favor of D．in terms of ‎【答案】B 考点：考查短语 ‎19. In fact, only hard work in combination with proper methods will give you an advantage _______ others. ‎ A. against B. beyond C. over D. for ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：事实上，只有勤奋加方法得当才能使你在学习上比他人有优势。give sb. an advantage over others“某人在与他人竞争时有优势”。‎ 考点：介词辨析 ‎20. —I will call in at the supermarket on my way home. Is there anything you want?‎ ‎—Oh, nothing _______.‎ A. in particular B. in addition C. in all D. in general ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 考点：介词短语辨析 ‎ ‎