2020届二轮复习阅读理解训练（36）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解训练（36）

阅读理解训练（36）‎ Passage 1‎ Malaria, the world’s most widespread parasitic (寄生虫引起的)disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can’t) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.         ‎ Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect. They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn’t kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease is passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of a parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.‎ For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next. ‎ ‎1. According to paragraph 1, many people don’t seek care because ________.‎ A. they are too poor ‎ B. it is unusual to seek care C. they can remain unaffected for long D. there are too many people suffering from the disease ‎2. People suffering from malaria ________.‎ A. have to kill female mosquitoes B. have ability to defend parasites C. have their red blood cells infected D. have sudden fever, followed by chills ‎3. Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?‎ A. Its resistance to global warming. ‎ B. Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.‎ C. Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.‎ D. Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.‎ ‎4. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.‎ A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites D. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease ‎【答案】 ACDB Passage 2‎ Researchers in London and Bristol have found that men are particularly likely to yield to depression if their partners are also depressed.‎ ‎ The findings highlights the importance of paying attention to the partners of depressed mothers as young children themselves are vulnerable to social problems if both parents are depressed. ‎ ‎ Researchers in London and at the university of ‎Bristol launched their study to investigate whether family structure affects the likelihood of depression in men around the time their child is born. They looked at men from traditional families, men with children from a previous relationship, men whose parents had children by a former partner , and men who were not living with their partners.‎ ‎ All 7,018 participants filled out a questionnaire on depression, and answered the questions about their age, education level and employment status. Details about the quality of their relationship with their partners, networks of friends and previous life events were also recorded. ‎ About 3.5 percent of the men and 13 percent of their partners suffered depression around the time their child was born. In comparison, men in step—families or who were not living with their partners were twice as likely to get depressed as those in traditional families. This could be explained by other factors that are more common in non—traditional families, such as poor education and relationship conflicts.‎ Even allowing for all these factors, however, the partners of women who were suffering from perinata (围产期的) depression were significantly more likely to become depressed themselves, the researchers report in an American Journal. Ten percent of women who were depressed had depressed partners. For the healthy women, the figure was only 2.6 percent. Previous research suggests that families with two depressed partners may need special attention. A researcher in Atlanta has found that primary school children with two troubled parents have difficulty relating to their peers. “It’s extremely important to look at the whole family ,” she says.‎ ‎5. What can we conclude from paragraph 1 and 2 ?‎ A. Men often mistreat their children B. Depressed women often have depressed partners ‎ C. All young children are vulnerable to social problems ‎ D. Women with children often have depressed partners ‎ ‎6. Researchers in London and Bristol carry out such an investigation in order to .‎ A. see what kind of family environment is ideal for children to grow up in ‎ B. investigate why so many men get depressed when a child is born ‎ C. study whether family structure affects depression in men when child is born ‎ D. see whether it is true that behind every depressed man there is a depressed woman ‎ ‎7. what kind of man is least likely to get depressed when their child is born ?‎ A. Men in step––families ‎ B. Men in traditional families ‎ C. Men not living with their partners ‎ D. Men in non—traditional families ‎ ‎【答案】 BCB Passage 3‎ A newly-published study has shown that loneliness can spread from one person to another, like a disease. Researchers used information from the Framingham Study, which began in 1948. The Framingham Study gathers information about physical and mental health, personal behavior and diet. At first, the study involved about 5,000 people in the American state of Massachusetts. Now, more than 12,000 individuals are taking part.‎ Information from the Framingham Study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person. So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking.‎ University‎ of ‎Chicago‎ psychologist John Cacioppo led the recent study. He and other researchers attempted to show how often people felt lonely. They found that the feeling of loneliness spread through social groups.‎ Having a social connection with a lonely person increased the chances that another individual would feel lonely. In fact, a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. A friend of that person was 25% more likely. The researchers say this shows that a person could indirectly be affected by someone’s loneliness.‎ The effect was strongest among friends. Neighbors were the second most affected group. The effect was weaker on husbands and wives, and brothers and sisters. The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men.‎ The New York Times newspaper reports that, on average, people experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. It also found that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about five percent, or two and a half fewer lonely days.‎ Loneliness has been linked to health problems like depression and sleeping difficulties. The researchers believe that knowing the causes of loneliness could help in reducing it.‎ The study suggests that people can take steps to stop the spread of loneliness. They can do this by helping individuals they know who may be experiencing loneliness. The result can be helpful to the whole social group.‎ ‎8. What is TRUE about the Framingham Study?‎ A. It was only conducted in 1948.‎ B. It involves more than 12,000 participants.‎ C. It was led by John Cacioppo.‎ D. It showed that any behavior could spread.‎ ‎9. Which statement about the spread of loneliness is true?‎ A. The spreading effect was the second strongest among friends.‎ B. No spreading effect was found on husbands and wives.‎ C. Women are more likely to be affected than men.‎ D. Brothers are more easily affected than neighbors.‎ ‎10. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Actions should be taken to help lonely people. ‎ B. People feel lonely for many reasons.‎ C. Ways‎ to fight against loneliness.‎ D. Lonely people can affect others. ‎ ‎【答案】BCD Passage 4‎ Just as the world’s most respected scientific bodies have confirmed that the world is getting hotter, they have also stated that there is strong evidence that humans are driving the warming. Countless recent reports from the world’s leading scientific bodies have said the same thing. For example, a 2010 summary of climate science by the Royal Society stated that: “There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity.”‎ The idea that humans could change the planet’s climate may be counter-intuitive(与直觉不符的), but the basic science is well understood. Each year, human activity causes billions of tons of greenhouse gases to be released（释放）into the atmosphere. As scientists have known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket.‎ Of course, the planet’s climate has always been changing thanks to “natural” factors(因素) such as changes in solar or volcanic（火山的）activity, or cycles relating the Earth’s going around the sun. According to the scientific literature, however, the warming recorded to date matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere – not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.‎ Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming observed so far, that would beg a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it in The Rough Guide to Climate Change: “If some newly discovered factor can account for the climate change, then why aren’t carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?”‎ The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths – one with human influence and one ‎ without. That obviously isn’t possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty. ‎ ‎11. In most scientists’ opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by ________.‎ ‎ A. solar activity ‎ B. volcanic activity ‎ C. the Earth’s going around the sun ‎ D. human activity ‎12. The text is developed by ________.‎ ‎ A. giving typical examples ‎ B. following the order of space ‎ C. analyzing a theory and arguing it ‎ D. comparing and finding differences ‎13. The underline word “identical” means ________.‎ ‎ A. totally different ‎ B. exactly the same ‎ C. extremely important ‎ D. relatively independent ‎14. Which of the following can be the best title?‎ ‎ A. Are All the Scientists Really Scientific?‎ ‎ B. Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to?‎ ‎ C. Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming?‎ D. What’s Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases?‎ ‎【答案】DCBC Passage 5‎ Terraforming (Earth-forming) other planets, also known as planetary engineering (行星工程), seems like a task still centuries away for mankind to accomplish. However, it is a vigorous topic that attracts both popular and scientific interest. Why should the possibility of terraforming other planets be studied when it may be centuries before we know enough to even decide if it’s a good idea?‎ Mankind is getting more and more hard facts about other planets. The atmosphere of Venus has been explored; robots have surveyed the surface of Mars; Mercury, Jupiter and Saturn have been studied by spacecraft. Speculations have been answered; new questions have been raised, and enough hard data is right now becoming available to allow us to make the first attempt of planetary engineering.‎ In the past, people with excellent ideas about terraforming have kept them to themselves, or buried them in a desk drawer because they did not realize that anyone else was interested. But now, a wide circle of people has begun to do this kind of work. For instance, NASA funded a project on transforming Mars.‎ There are several strong reasons which demand that the possibilities of terraforming be studied carefully. First, it’s an exciting idea of a possible future for human beings. Such thinking has a valuable role in providing options for our future directions. Secondly, the techniques of terraforming will also help contemporary technologies in weather and climate control. Thirdly, such study may assist us in detecting any possible existence of extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI, The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, 地外文明搜索) and alien (异己的) civilizations on other planets.‎ Though the mission is far beyond our reach at the moment, we should at least keep our options open. Through debate and study on this subject, the possibility of rebuilding other planets to make them suitable homes for people may come true some day in the future.‎ ‎15. According to the context, what’s the meaning of the word “speculation” in paragraph 2?‎ A. The act of discussing something with a group of people.‎ B. The act of studying and researching.‎ C. The act of guessing without knowing all the facts about something.‎ D. The acting of writing letters to a certain organization.‎ ‎16. Why did people keep the idea of terraforming to themselves in the past?‎ A. They thought no one else would show interest in the idea.‎ B. They gradually came to find the idea crazy.‎ C. They thought the idea would never come true.‎ D. They had few resources for further study on this topic.‎ ‎17. Which is NOT the reason to support the study of terraforming?‎ A. Even if we don’t succeed in terraforming, such study may help us to better understand technologies such as climate and weather control.‎ B. Such study may explore a new direction of development for human beings.‎ C. Such study may enable us to find the lives on other planets.‎ D. As the resources on Earth are being drained, it’s very urgent to study how to migrate (迁移) to other planets.‎ ‎18. What’s the main idea of the article?‎ A. It’s highly possible that terraforming other planets will come true so we should increase investing in this program.‎ B. Even if the idea of terraforming other planets may take centuries to realize, we have many reasons to support such studies.‎ ‎ C. Terraforming other planets is the best option for human being’s future.‎ ‎ D. More and more people are taking planetary engineering as their occupation. ‎ ‎【答案】 CADB Passage 6‎ ‎ The high-protein, low-carbohydrate(碳水化合物) diets many people turn to for weight loss might have potentially harmful long-term effects on the colon, a small study indicates.‎ ‎ In the study, UK researchers found that a protein-heavy, low-carb diet created certain changes in the colon that could contribute to colon cancer risk. The study itself does not show whether high-protein diets really raise the risk of any colon diseases, but the findings raise that possibility.‎ ‎ Diets relatively high in protein and lower in carbs have been shown to help heavy people lose weight. “People should not be discouraged from losing weight,” Dr Flint said. However, he added, they should make sure that any weight loss plan includes adequate amounts of fiber and a high protein intake over months to years might have ill effects on the colon.‎ ‎ The findings are based on 17 overweight men who followed three short-term diets: a one-week menu plan to keep their weight; a four-week high-protein diet with reasonable amounts of carbohydrates; and a four-week high-protein diet low in carbs.‎ ‎ On average, the study found when the men were on the high-protein diets, they had higher levels of substances known as N-nitroso compounds(亚硝基化合物) and other metabolites(代谢物) that have been linked to cancer. And when they were on the high-protein, low-carb diet, they had lowered amounts of fiber-originated compounds thought to be protective against cancer.‎ ‎ Exactly what those changes might mean for a person’s health is not clear, But Flint said that the findings suggest that people should be cautious about consuming too much protein and too little fiber over a long period. In general, experts recommend that adults get about 28 grams of fiber per day—though it’s not known whether that’s enough for someone on a high-protein weight-loss diet.‎ ‎19．What is the best title of the text?‎ ‎ A．Plan a Healthy Diet B．Take Care of Your ‎Colon ‎ C．How to Lose Weight D．How to Protect against Cancer ‎20．The underlined word “colon” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to “ ”.‎ ‎ A．an organ B．intelligence C．a habit D．behaviour ‎21．The study shows that high-protein, low-carb diets may .‎ ‎ A．affect your mood B．lower cancer risks ‎ C．harm your body D．keep your figure ‎22．It can be inferred from the text that .‎ ‎ A．we shouldn’t take the study seriously B．weight problems are hard to solve ‎ C．it is better to follow a low-carb diet D．people should be cautious to lose weight ‎23．The author is intended to .‎ ‎ A．advise how to lose weight B．introduce a scientific finding ‎ C．describe a research process D．talk about healthy diets ‎【答案】BACDB Passage 7‎ For centuries, the body’s blood has been linked closely with the emotions．People who show ‎ no human emotions or feelings, are said to be cold-blooded killer．For example, the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer．He seems to kill for no reason, and no emotion, as if taking someone’s life as nothing．‎ ‎ Cold can affect other parts of the body．The expression “get cold feet” has nothing to do with cold or your feet．The expression means being afraid to do something you have decided to do．For example, you agree to be president of an organization．But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned, and all the work of the organization will be your responsibility．You are likely to get cold feet about being president when you understand the situation.‎ ‎ The expression “give someone the cold shoulder” probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face to face．You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you．Or, to someone who has lied about you to others．‎ ‎ A cold fish is not a fish．It is a person．But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmth．A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone．Someone who is a cold fish could be cold-hearted．Now a cold-hearted person is someone who has no sympathy．Several popular songs in recent years were about cold-hearted men or cold-hearted women who, without feelings, broke the hearts of their lovers．‎ ‎ Out in the cold means not getting something that everybody else got．A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise---he was left out in the cold．And it is not a pleasant place to be．‎ ‎24．There are _________ expressions related to cold that are mentioned in the passage．‎ ‎ A．3 B．‎4 ‎ C．6 D．7‎ ‎25．When you refuse to speak to a man and treat him in a distant way, you may express by “_________”．‎ ‎ A．I give him the cold shoulder B．I think he is a cold-blooded man ‎ C．I think he is a cold fish D．I’m likely to get cold feet ‎63．If Sue shows absolutely no reaction to those awful pictures of starving children in Africa, you will say _________．‎ ‎ A．she is a cold-blooded killer B．she gets cold feet ‎ C．she is a cold fish D．she is out in the cold ‎26．We can use the expression “__________” to describe a man who abandons or hurts his lover without mercy．‎ ‎ A．cold-blooded B．cold shoulder ‎ ‎ C．cold feet D．cold-hearted ‎27．The topic of this passage is about _________．‎ ‎ A．the relationship between cold and our body ‎ B．some expressions about friendship ‎ C．some expressions connected with cold ‎ D．how cold weather comes into being ‎【答案】CACDC Passage 8‎ ‎ “The world’s oceans are slowly getting more acidic.” say scientists. The researchers from California report that the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.‎ The lowering of the waters’ PH value is not great at the moment but could cause a serious threat to current ocean life if it continues, they warn. Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature. Increasing use of oil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater. Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid. Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century.‎ These researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change. “This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO2 into the atmosphere,” said Dr Caldeira. “And we predict the amount of future acidity will exceed(超过) anything we have seen over the last several hundred million years, let alone perhaps after rare disastrous events such as asteroid(小行星) impacts.‎ However, it is not absolutely clear what that means for ocean life. Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest pH change would be expected to occur, but deep-ocean life forms may be more sensitive to pH changes. Coral reefs(珊瑚礁) and other organisms whose shells contain calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) may be particularly affected if the water’s acidity levels keep going up, the team predict. They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower pH.‎ In recent years some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide from power station in the deep ocean as a way of dealing with global warming. But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re-considered. “Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing --- because in releasing CO2 into the atmosphere we warm the planet, and when CO2 is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming.”‎ ‎28．The ocean is becoming more acidic due to __________.‎ ‎ A．the lower water pH value B．the warming atmosphere ‎ C．the higher level of CO‎2 in the air D．the increasing use of oil fuels ‎29．According to Dr Caldeira, __________.‎ ‎ A．ocean absorption of carbon dioxide is a good thing ‎ B．more oil fuels will be used in the near future ‎ C．scientists may predict climate changes with computer models ‎ D．the future situation of the amount of acidity is extremely serious ‎30．If the water’s acidity level keeps rising, __________.‎ ‎ A．ocean life whose structures contain calcium carbonate may be affected ‎ B．the waters’ pH value will become higher and higher ‎ C．organisms living near the surface are more sensitive to pH changes ‎ D．some disastrous events will occur more often than before ‎31．Most experts once believed storing carbon dioxide in the ocean would reduce __________.‎ ‎ A．the CO2 absorbed by the ocean B．the amount of greenhouse warming ‎ C．the acidity of the ocean D．the gradual release of CO2‎ ‎32．The purpose of this passage is to __________.‎ ‎ A．show people the findings of a research team ‎ B．inform people of how acid the ocean is now ‎ C．introduce Dr Caldeira and his team’s research ‎ D．warn people of the higher level of CO2‎ ‎【答案】CDABD Passage 9‎ Why do men die earlier than women? The latest research makes it known that the reason could be that men’s hearts go into rapid decline when they reach middle age.‎ The largest study of the effects of ageing on the heart has found that women’s longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts hardly lose their pumping power with age.‎ ‎“We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20---25 percent between 18 and 70 years of age,” said the head of the study, David Goldspink of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK. “Within the heart there are millions of cells that enable it to beat. Between the age of 20 and 70, one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men,” said Goldspink. “This is part of the ageing process.”‎ What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells. A healthy 70-year-old woman’s heart could perform almost as well as a 20-year-old one’s.‎ ‎“This gender (性别)difference might just explain why women live longer than men,” said Goldspink.‎ They studied more than 250 healthy men and women between the ages of 18 and 80, focusing on healthy persons to remove the confusing influence of disease.‎ The team has yet to find why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart, said Goldspink.‎ The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise. Goldspink stressed that women also need regular exercise to prevent their leg muscles becoming smaller and weaker as they age.‎ ‎33．The underlined word “longevity” in the second paragraph probably refers to _________.‎ ‎ A．health B．long life C．ageing D．effect ‎34．The text mainly talks about ________.‎ A．men’s heart cells B．women’s ageing process ‎ C．the gender difference D．hearts and long life ‎35．According to the text, the UK scientists have known that _________.‎ A．women have more cells than men when they are born ‎ B．women can replace the cells that enable the heart to beat ‎ C．the female heart loses few of the cells with age ‎ D．women never lose their pumping power with age ‎36．We can know from the passage that _______.‎ ‎ A．the reason why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart has been found out ‎ B．scientists are on the way to finding out why the male heart loses more of the cells ‎ C．the team has done something to prevent the male from suffering the greater loss ‎ D．women over 70 could lose more heart cells than those at the age of 20‎ ‎【答案】BDCB Passage 10‎ ‎ There are so many different plastic cards that adults have to carry around—library cards, savings cards for different banks, credit cards, just to name a few．．．So why not have one to replace them all?‎ ‎ Scott Barnhill, an ‎1l-year-old fifth-grade student in the US, has come up with an idea for a "Security One Card"．‎ ‎ Sound smart? The US Patent（专利） Office thought so, and it approved a patent for his idea in April．‎ ‎ Here’s an example of how Barnhill’s idea would work．‎ ‎ Let’s say you have the three cards mentioned above．Instead of carrying them all, you could have just one by having additional magnetic strips（磁条） added to it．‎ ‎ The magnetic strips can be added to any plastic card, even a blank one．‎ ‎ Companies could add their information to one of the strips．For example, you could ask a library to add a strip to your bankcard．‎ ‎ Barnhill has a lot of hobbies, including designing websites．He got the idea at the age of 9 when he saw his father using a keycard to enter their hotel room．He thought, "The hotels are wasting money with the key cards．" So, instead of using a hotel-issued key card, guests could use their credit cards--if the hotel added a special magnetic strip．At check-out, the strip would simply be removed．‎ ‎ Now that he has his patent, his next step is a letter-writing campaign to get support from major credit card companies．‎ ‎ "I’m going to be writing letters to credit card companies to ask if they can co-operate．I hope they’ll give me money every time someone puts a strip on the back of another card, or every time the idea is used, " Barnhill said．"I’ll write the letters and see what they say．If they say no, I’ll ask someone else, another credit card company．"‎ ‎ He is hoping to make money from his patent and has decided it would be better to collect royalties（专利使用费）rather than sell his patent if the idea take off. ‎ ‎ "The ATM person who invented that sold it totally, and if he’d chosen royalties he’d get like 2 cents for every transaction （交易） and he’d be a billionaire now," Scott said．‎ ‎37．The immediate cause of Scott’s invention was that _________．‎ ‎ A．he found that adults have to carry around so many plastic cards ‎ B．he realized it’s big waste to make so many plastic cards instead of only one ‎ C．he found even a hotel issued its own cards--keycards ‎ D．he realized it would be a good chance to make big money ‎38．The advantage of "Security One Card" is that it ___________．‎ ‎ A．could remove the burden of taking all kinds of plastics cards ‎ B．would he very safe ‎ C．could save your money ‎ D．could have a lot of magnetic strips on it ‎39．The underlined phrase "takes off" in the last but one paragraph probably means ___________．‎ ‎ A．makes money B．wins a lot of support ‎ ‎ C．is worth a lot D．is practical ‎40．From the story, we can see Scott is ___________．‎ ‎ A．more magic than smart B．clever but lazy ‎ C．creative, determined and wise D．far-sighted ‎【答案】CCBC Passage 11‎ ‎ Le whiff, an inhaler(吸入剂) that allows chocolate lovers to meet their needs whenever they please without putting on weight, is to be on market in British stores The invention, called the world’s first breathable food, lets consumers suck in the taste of chocolate or coffee while taking on less than one calorie, Its makers claim it will enable dieters to enjoy their favorite snacks without worrying about their waistline.‎ ‎ The lip – stick – style tube contains hundreds of milligrams of tiny food particles(粒子) which are small enough to be carried by air, but too large to enter the lungs. Each Le Whif contains enough flavor for about eight to ten whiffs(一阵气味) and costs $1.99 on its own, or $4.99 for a pack of three. The inhaler is available in chocolate as well as coffee flavor.‎ ‎ It was invented by Prof. David Edwards. He said Le Whif was not designed to replace food but could be used to increase dining experiences, such as allowing people to try a variety of dishes from restaurant menus before ordering their meal.‎ ‎ He said, “In terms of living on whiffing, we aren’t even close to being there. But there clearly has been a revolution over the last few years where we are eating smaller amounts of food more frequently, and choosing food its aesthetic(审美的) pleasure. We will be launching new whiffing experiences probably every six months. It is reasonable to predict that the next line of whiffing products will be even more health centered.”‎ ‎ The product came onto market in Paris in 2009 and the first production run of 25,000 inhalers were sold out within a month. It has since been made available across France and in the US. In Britain Le Whif is to be sold firstly in House of Fraser for a month, after which it could become more widely distributed.‎ ‎41．We can learn from Paragraph 1 that .‎ ‎ A．Le Whif isn’t available in British stores yet ‎ B．Le Whif can help dieters to lose weight ‎ C．Le Whif is calorie – free ‎ D．Le Whif is popular with British chocolate lovers ‎42．What’s the main purpose of inventing Le Whif?‎ ‎ A．To replace food.‎ ‎ B．To help people stop drinking coffee.‎ ‎ C．To replace the traditional chocolate.‎ ‎ D．To increase people’s dining experiences.‎ ‎43．Which of the following statements does David Edwards agree with?‎ ‎ A．His new products will come out once a year.‎ ‎ B．The whiffing products in the future will be improved.‎ ‎ C．Le Whif can make people eat less food.‎ ‎ D．Le Whif is a revolution that will change people’s life.‎ ‎【答案】ADB Passage 12‎ We have seen that pesticides（杀虫剂） now pollute soil, water and food, and that they have the power to make our rivers fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless．Man, however much he may like to pretend the opposite, is part of nature．Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly spread throughout our world?‎ We know that even single exposure to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning．But this is not the major problem．The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers and others exposed to enough quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not happen．For the population as a whole, we must pay more attention to the delayed effects of taking in small amounts of the pesticides that unseeably pollute our world．‎ Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are increasing in amount over long periods of time, and that the danger to the man may depend on the amount of the exposures received throughout his lifetime．For these very reasons people easily take no notice of the danger．It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a future disaster．"Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs, " says a wise physician, Dr．Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly come near them unnoticed．"‎ ‎44．Which of the following can best summarize the first paragraph of this passage?‎ ‎ A．Man has a responsibility to bear for what has happened to nature．‎ ‎ B．Possibly man will escape the effects of environmental pollution．‎ ‎ C．Pesticide-caused pollution may also kill people．‎ ‎ D．Man acts as if he did not belong to nature．‎ ‎45．People do not give enough attention to the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because .‎ ‎ A．imited exposure to them does little harm to people's health ‎ B．the present is more important to them than the future ‎ C．humans are able to bear small amounts of poisoning ‎ D．the danger does not become seen clearly and immediately ‎46．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?‎ ‎ A．A person exposed to pesticides even once may get seriously poisoned．‎ ‎ B．Birds are less sensitive to pesticides than humans．‎ ‎ C．The effects of pesticides on humans do not last as long as on fish．‎ ‎ D．Taking in small amounts of pesticides will not cause serious results．‎ ‎47．We can conclude from what Dr Dubos says that .‎ ‎ A．people usually find hidden diseases difficult to deal with ‎ B．people fail to notice hidden dangers caused by pesticides ‎ C．diseases with obvious signs are mostly easy to cure ‎ D．attacks by hidden enemies are likely to be deadly ‎【答案】CDAB Passage 13‎ Sharks have gained unfair reputation for being large fierce sea animals. Human beings’s unfounded fear and hatred of these ancient creatures are leading to a worldwide slaughter （大屠杀）, which may result in the extinction （绝种） of many larger, coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped （有偏见的） attitude of wildlife protection; we fight only to protect the beautiful, non-threatening parts of our environment. And, in our efforts to bring back only non-threat parts of our earth, we ignore other important parts. ‎ A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude towards another large sea animal, the dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the Linked States objected to the practice of hunting tuna （金枪鱼） in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists place enough political and economic pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been caught in drift nets. In contrast to this effort, the populations of sharks in the Pacific Ocean have decreased to the point of extinction and there has been very little effort by the same environmentalism to save this important species of wildlife in water. Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years. They are feeding on wounded or dying animals, thus performing an important role in nature of knocking out the weaker animals in a species. Just the fact that species such as the Great White Shark have managed to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of their efficiency and adaptability to changing environment. It is time for humans, who may not survive another 1,000 years at the rate they are damaging the planet, to cast away their fears and begin considering the protection of sharks as creatures that may provide us with an understanding of our own survival. ‎ ‎48. How did the environmentalists manage to protect dolphins?‎ ‎ A. They prevented the fishermen from selling them at markets. ‎ ‎ B. They only permitted the fishermen to catch them using nets. ‎ ‎ C. They created some shelters where dolphins could be protected. ‎ ‎ D. They used political and economic means to achieve their aim. ‎ ‎49. The underlined word "unfounded’ in Paragraph 1 probably means __ __. ‎ ‎ A. not found in life B. not possessed in mind ‎ C. not based on fact D. not likely to be started ‎50. Which of the following best describes the organization of this text?‎ ‎ A. Cause and effect. B. Time and space order. ‎ ‎ C. Specific to general. D. Statement and example. ‎ ‎51. The text mainly tells us ___ _. ‎ ‎ A. sharks have a bad reputation B. what are the oldest creatures ‎ C. sharks need human protection D. humans prefer tuna to sharks ‎【答案】DCDC Passage 14‎ ‎ Ears are for hearing — everyone knows that. But for a creature called the Cuvier’s beaked whale, hearing starts in the throat, a new study found. ‎ The observation might help explain how all whales hear. The work might also help scientists understand how animals are affected by underwater sonar (一种探测系统). This sonar, used by some ships, sends out sound waves to locate underwater objects. ‎ The Cuvier’s beaked whale is a so-called toothed whale. Toothed whales dive deep into the ocean in search of food. As the whales hunt, they produce sounds that reach objects and then return to the whales. This allows the animals to “see” the shape, size, and location of objects, even when they’re 1,000 meters under the sea, where it is totally dark. ‎ To better understand how the whale hears, researchers from San Diego State University in California took X-rays of two Cuvier’s beaked whales. The whales had died and washed up on the beach. ‎ Ted Cranford and his colleagues used the images to make a computer model of a Cuvier’s beaked whale’s head. Then, they modeled the process of sound traveling through the head. ‎ The researchers knew that some sounds get to the ears of a toothed whale through a structure called “the window for sound”. Found on the lower jaw, this structure is very thin on the outside and has a large pad (垫) of fat on the inside. ‎ When the researchers used their computer model to work out how sound waves travel in the whale’s head, they were surprised to find that sounds coming from right in front of the whale actually travel under the animal’s jaw. From there, sound waves move through the throat, into a hole in the back of the jaw, and finally to the pad of fat near the animal’s ears. ‎ Cranford‎ guesses that other types of whales may hear through their throats. Further testing is needed to be sure. Eventually, the insight into how whales hear might explain whether sonar testing by military ships is causing the animals to wind up on beaches.‎ ‎52. Toothed whales look for food under the sea by ______.‎ ‎  A. watching the shape and size of their objects   B. diving deep into the sea ‎  C. sending and receiving sounds      D. making lots of noises      ‎ ‎53. Researchers took X-rays of two Cuvier’s beaked whales in order to ______.‎ ‎  A. find out why they had died and washed up on the beach ‎  B. make a computer model of a Cuvier’s beaked whale’s head ‎  C. make sure that sound travels through the head ‎  D. know more about the way the whale hears    ‎ ‎54. Which of the following describes the way taken by sound waves through a Cuvier’s beaked whale?‎ ‎  A. A hole in the back of the jaw → the ears → the jaw → the throat.    ‎ ‎  B. The jaw → the throat → a hole in the back of the jaw → the ears.‎ ‎  C. The throat → the jaw → the ears → a hole in the back of the jaw.    ‎ ‎  D. The ears → the throat → a hole in the back of the jaw → the jaw.‎ ‎55. What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?‎ ‎  A. Ears are useless to the Cuvier’s beaked whale.‎ ‎  B. Military ships send out sounds like a Cuvier’s beaked whale.‎ C. The whale’s unusual acts have nothing to do with human activities.‎ ‎  D. Further research might show human activities can influence whale’s activities.‎ ‎【答案】D. CDBD Passage 15‎ The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take.‎ Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid（电网）. Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filters monthly or as needed.‎ For central air conditioning systems and room sir conditioners, look for the ENERGY STAR, the federal government’s symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio（SEER）.‎ Use energy-efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat（恒温器）and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan.‎ Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and cresting pollution all day while you are at work.‎ Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent.‎ Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof.‎ Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid beat build-up.‎ Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs（荧光灯）, which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent Jess beat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs（白炽灯）.‎ Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than $65 per year.‎ Carpool. The average U.S. commutes（乘车上班族）could save about $‎260 a year by sharing cars twice a Week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg—assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.‎ ‎56. According to the passage, the thermostat is used to .‎ ‎ A. make rooms quieter B .control room temperature ‎ C. turn off the air conditioner D. reduce room air pollution ‎57. We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages .‎ ‎ A. planting leafy trees around your home ‎ B. turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your house ‎ C. keeping your south-facing windows open during the day ‎ D. using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs ‎58. This passage is mainly about .‎ ‎ A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips ‎ C. do it yourself tips D. environment-protecting ‎【答案】BCB