2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit3Lifeinthefuture单元作业（21页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit3Lifeinthefuture单元作业（21页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修五 Unit 3 Life in the future单元作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·江西名校联盟5月检测)The UK has a whole host of things to do for free or at a low price and there are a number of websites devoted to bringing you the best. Take a look at our guide to some of our favorite UK cities.‎ London If you live in or near London and have access to the Internet, you'll discover many choices of free entertainment. The Londonist is an amusing website that offers daily and weekly breakdowns of the free and cheap events in the city. Categories include art, comedy, music, food and drink, theater, festivals and talks. Head over to londonist.com for the latest schedule of affordable entertainment. Time Out's website (timeout.com/london) also has lots of information about free fun in the lively capital.‎ Find out why the 60s really cemented (巩固) London as the counterculture capital of the UK in our shop.‎ Manchester Manchester is probably one of the top creative centers of England (if not the UK)．If you need any further convincing then head over to Creative Tourist where you can find bags of daytime and nighttime entertainment that's easy_on_the_pocket. While you're there you can also check out Liverpool and Sheffield.‎ Manchester is an historical city, which has shaped life in Britain. Take a look in our shop.‎ Glasgow If Manchester is the creative center of England then Glasgow has to be the creative center of Scotland. You can visit Scotland's Center for Design and Architecture at The Lighthouse, or go over to the Gallery of Modern Art, and then there's the wonderful and strange Hunterian Museum. For the lowdown on the best free of Glasgow, take a look at VisitScotland.‎ For a look at Glasgow's picturesque qualities click here.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一些关于英国著名城市的网站以及这些网站中的一些项目的信息。‎ ‎1．What does the underlined phrase “easy on the pocket” mean?‎ A．Available.　　　　　　 　B．Favorable.‎ C．Affordable. D．Reasonable.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，该篇文章的主要内容就是介绍一些关于英国城市中免费的或较为便宜的娱乐项目的网站，由此可推知，easy on the pocket应该是“易于负担……的费用”的意思。affordable“花费得起的，担负得起的”符合语境，故选C项。‎ ‎2．Which website can you visit if you are interested in architecture?‎ A．Londonist. B．Creative Tourist.‎ C．Time Out. D．VisitScotland.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Glasgow部分中的“You can visit Scotland's Center for Design and Architecture ... take a look at VisitScotland.”可知，答案为D。‎ ‎3．Where can you probably find the passage?‎ A．In a geography book. B．In a fashion magazine.‎ C．In a tourist brochure. D．On the Internet.‎ 解析：选D　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一些关于英国著名城市的网站以及这些网站中的一些项目的信息，根据文章内容及文章最后一句中的“click here”可知，这篇文章可以在网上看到，故答案为D。‎ B What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in biotechnology. With the help of new medicine，the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today's leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.‎ In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs. The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on — in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.‎ It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence, but many ‎ technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了人类的生命由于生物技术的发展可以无限期延长的愿望有可能成为现实。‎ ‎4．According to the passage, human death is now mainly caused by ________.‎ ‎ A．diseases and aging B．accidents and war ‎ C．accidents and aging D．heart disease and war 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Today's leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.”可知A为正确选项。‎ ‎5．In the author's opinion, today's most important advance in technology lies in ________. ‎ A．medicine B．the Internet C．brain cells D．human organs 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知B为正确选项。‎ ‎6．Humans may live longer in the future because ________.‎ A．heart disease will be far away from us B．human brains can decide the final death C．the basic materials of cells will last forever D．human organs can be repaired by new medicine 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段“people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs”可知D为正确选项。‎ ‎7．We can infer from the passage that ________.‎ A．human life will not last more than 120 years in the future B．humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now C．many things have to be done before humans can have a longer life D．we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知C为正确选项。‎ C ‎(2019·石家庄重点中学高三摸底)Many Canadians are aware that problems with the nation's health care system have resulted in a lack of hospital beds and medical equipment, overcrowded emergency rooms, long waiting lists, and not enough family doctors.‎ ‎ Over the last 10 years, the number of medical students choosing the family practice as their lifelong career has been dropping at a surprising rate. When asked why they lack interest in family medicine, the students cite (援引) a heavy student debt load and the long hours required of a doctor who is managing the family practice. As in other kinds of work, young doctors today want a balance between their professional and personal lives.‎ In British Columbia (BC) this problem is made worse because the province produces fewer medical graduates for each person than any other province in Canada. The provincial government has committed itself to doubling the number of medical student graduates. This strategy doesn't come close to giving us the new doctors needed each year in BC to replace those who are retiring, moving out of the province, reducing their hours of practice, or dying.‎ ‎ The primary care system is showing its cracks. Ten years ago, 2,030 of BC's family doctors were providing obstetrical (产科的) care. Today just 945 are performing this invaluable service. Although delivering babies is a “good news” area of medicine, the hours are long,‎ ‎ but the reward for bringing new life into the world is modest. It's no surprise, then, that many of BC's family doctors are no longer taking on new patients. In 1999, there were 1,420 family doctors accepting new patients — in 2004 that number declined to 599, a drop of 58%.‎ The foundation of primary care needs to be strengthened. The Working Agreement between the doctors and the government includes a series of primary care renewal projects designed to make the family practice more attractive to medical graduates, improve upon working conditions, and entice family doctors from outside BC to start their business here. Yet still more needs to be done.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加拿大家庭医生严重缺乏的问题。‎ ‎8．What makes medical students unwilling to be family physicians?‎ A．The student debt and long working hours.‎ B．Long term of study at a medical school.‎ C．A limited number of places in the medical school.‎ D．An increasing number of patients and long waiting lists for specialists.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“When asked why they lack interest in family medicine ...who is managing the family practice.”可知，学生债务负担和工作时间长成为阻碍医科学生选择家庭医生的两大障碍，故选A。‎ ‎9．What does the text say about family doctors in BC?‎ A．They are no longer needed.‎ B．They are too few in number.‎ C．They will soon become abundant.‎ D．They are rapidly leaving the province.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“Ten years ago, 2,030 of BC's family doctors were providing obstetrical (产科的) care. Today just 945 are performing this invaluable service.”，并结合本段最后一句“In 1999, there were 1,420 family doctors ...a drop of 58%.”可知，在BC，家庭医生的数量在急剧下降，缺口很大，故选B。‎ ‎10．Which can replace the underlined word “entice” in the last paragraph?‎ A．Forbid. B．Hire.‎ C．Remind. D．Attract.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据最后一段第二句中的关键词“attractive”和“improve”可推知，画线词在此处的含义与D项“吸引”相近，故选D。‎ ‎11．What is the primary purpose of the text?‎ A．To show sympathy for family doctors.‎ B．To inspire young people to be family doctors.‎ C．To stress the urgent need of more family doctors.‎ D．To tell the disadvantages of being family doctors.‎ 解析：选C　写作意图题。根据第一段的点题，并结合全文的内容可推知，本文主要介绍了加拿大家庭医生严重缺乏的问题，故选C。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2019·合肥市高三调研)Critical (批判的) thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesn't mean you're thinking harder or longer. __1__ Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.‎ Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It's how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. __2__ Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.‎ Don't take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself. Instead of doublechecking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from doublechecking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don't. __3__‎ Put yourself in other people's shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. __4__ You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight is into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.‎ ‎ __5__ There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego (自我价值感) feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.‎ A．Actually, it's about thinking better.‎ B．Surround yourself with people smarter than you.‎ C．Be someone that people know that they can count on.‎ D．You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation.‎ E．But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely ‎ truthful?‎ F．The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action.‎ G．So what is published in a magazine or online doesn't mean it's necessarily true.‎ ‎1．选A　由上文“It doesn't mean you're thinking harder or longer.”可推知，空处应进一步解释批判性思维的真正含义，所以选A项。‎ ‎2．选E　根据下文中的“Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.”可推知，我们所做的一些假定有可能是错误的，因此需要全部重建，所以选E项。‎ ‎3．选G　由上文中的“But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don't.”可推知，将信息归类使我们不能够追根究底，因此出版在杂志上或网上的信息并不一定是真的，所以选G项。‎ ‎4．选D　根据上文中的“Put yourself in other people's shoes.”，以及此处与下文中的“The deeper your insight is into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.”呼应可推知，只有充分了解他人的情况，作出的决定才会更明智，所以选D项。‎ ‎5．选B　根据空处所在位置可知，此处为主题句，再结合本段内容可知，本段主要讲了和比自己聪明的人在一起可以提高批判性技能，所以选B项。‎ 高考书面表达专题解题指导 必背范文十八 议论文 ‎ ‎ 模板一 Topic ‎①Recently we’ve had a discussion about _______.②Our opinions are divided on this topic. ③Most of the students are in favour of it .④Here are the reasons. First, _______. Second, _______. Finally. ⑤However, the others are strongly against it.⑥Their reasons are as follows. In the first place, _________. What’s more, ___________. In addition, _________. ⑦Personally speaking, ______________________.‎ 模板二 谚语/警句型议论文模板 The good old proverb reminds us that . Indeed, we can learn many things from it.________________（引出名言，阐明含义）‎ First of all, ________________ . For example, ________________. Secondly, ________________. Another case is that ________________. Furthermore, ________________.（举例说明理由）‎ In my opinion, ________________.（自己的观点）In short, whatever you do, please remember the saying . If you understand it and apply it to your study or life, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. ________________（总结）‎ 模板三 正反观点对比型议论文模板 ‎　　There is a widespread concern over the issue that ________________. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. ________________（引出话题）‎ ‎　　A majority of people think that _____________.（观点一）In their view there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows: In the first place, ________________.（支持观点一的原因一）In the second place, ________________.（支持观点一的原因一）So it goes without saying that ________________.‎ ‎　　The other people, however, differ in their opinion on this matter. They hold the idea that ________________.（观点二）In their point of view, on the one hand, ________________ ; on the other hand, ________________.（支持观点二的原因）Therefore, there is no doubt that________________ .‎ ‎　　As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that ________________. It is not only because ________________, but also because . The more , the more________________ .（＂我＂的观点）‎ 模板四 利弊对比型议论文模板 ‎　　Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over ________________.（引出话题或对象）‎ ‎　　In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in . Generally speaking, it is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ________________.（优点一）And secondly, ________________ .（优点二）‎ ‎　　Just as a popular saying goes, ＂Every coin has two sides.＂ is no exception, and in other words, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ________________.（缺点一）In addition, ________________ .（缺点二）‎ ‎　　To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In ‎ that case, we will definitely make a better use of ________________.（总结）‎ 一.开头句型 ‎ ‎1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言 比如说：就我而言 As far as I concerned ‎ ‎2 It can be said with certainty that... +从句 可以肯定地说……‎ ‎3.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的， 可以用来引用名言名句 ‎4 .It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，……‎ ‎5 .It’s generally recognized that... 它普遍认为……‎ ‎6 .It’s likely that ... 这可能是因为……‎ ‎7 .It’s hard that... 这是很难的……‎ ‎8 There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认 ……‎ ‎9 .Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是……‎ ‎10 .what’s far more important is that... 更重要的是……‎ 二.衔接句型 ‎ ‎1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是……‎ ‎3 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，+句子 （ 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……）‎ ‎4 .But it’s a pity that... 但遗憾的是… it’s a pity that….遗憾的是……‎ ‎5 In spite of the fact that...尽管事实…… In spite of 尽管 ‎6 .Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，……‎ ‎7 .However , the difficulty lies in..+名词或者动名词 .然而，困难在于……‎ ‎8.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意……‎ ‎9 As it has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的……（可以用来对前面所说的话进行补充说明）‎ ‎10.In this respect, 从这个角度上 ‎ ‎11.However, 然而 三.结尾句型 ‎ ‎1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说……‎ ‎2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信……‎ ‎3.All things considered,总而言之 = In a word=In conclusion It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说……‎ ‎4.Therefore, in my opinion,因此，在我看来， ‎ ‎5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论……‎ ‎6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，……‎ ‎7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论 ‎ ‎8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好 ‎ 四.举例句型 ‎ ‎1. Here is one more example这里有不止一个的例子 ‎2.Take … for example.就拿……为例子 五.常用于引言段的句型 ‎ ‎1. Some people think that … 有些人认为……‎ To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。 ‎ ‎2. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为……‎ ‎3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意……这一观点的说法……‎ ‎4. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多……‎ ‎5 It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为……‎ ‎6. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。 ‎ 六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法 ‎ ‎1. A is completely different from B. (A和B完全不同)‎ ‎2 The difference between A and B is lies in +名词或者动名词 （ A和B不同的地方是……） .‎ 七 演绎法常用的句型 ‎ ‎1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。 ‎ ‎2. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。 （ 可以用在保护环境等话题的作文）‎ ‎4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。‎ ‎5. The reasons are as follows. ……的理由如下 （可以用来列举理由原因）‎ 八 因果推理法常用句型 ‎ ‎1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。 ‎ ‎2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。‎ ‎3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。 ‎ ‎4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。‎ ‎ ‎ Writing1‎ 参照如下要点，以＂To Be Fighters in Life＂为题,写一篇120词左右的议论文。‎ ‎1.人们常常把痛苦和挫折当成毒蛇猛兽，但是艰难的时期也会给人们带来新的生活思路。‎ ‎2.人们羡慕那些成功人士，但是他们克服困难的精神更能鼓舞人心。‎ ‎3.没有人永远一帆风顺，当遇到困难时，一定要更加勇敢地去面对。‎ ‎4.举例说明并给出你的观点。‎ To Be Fighters in Life ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ Writing2‎ 假如你是李华，是一名高中生。随着科技的发展，iPad已成为中学生的新宠。iPad既可以用来听音乐、下载学习资料、阅读电子书，又可以玩电子游戏。请你用英语给某英语报社写一封信，谈谈中学生使用iPad的情况。信的内容必须包括以下几点：‎ ‎1.使用iPad对学习的好处；‎ ‎2.对课堂纪律和学习可能产生的负面影响；‎ ‎3.提出自己的建议并说明理由。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.开头已经给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Editor,‎ I’m a senior high school student named Li Hua. Now many students have iPads and think it’s a fashion to use them. ______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎ Writing3‎ 近日，你们班就中学生该不该进行军训进行了讨论。针对这一讨论，请你写一篇英语短文，发表你的看法。内容要点如下：‎ ‎1.提高纪律意识和合作精神；‎ ‎2.军训内容；‎ ‎3.你的看法。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数100左右;‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：军训military training ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【范文】‎ The aim of military training is intended to develop a sense of discipline and teamwork in students and students are expected to experience the hardships to improve their strong will. It can’t be denied that training programs have played a positive role in the physical and spiritual development of students.‎ But as a student, the military training is often considered boring because he just follow a dull way of exercise, for example, standing in the sun or running for a long time. The exercise is too much for some students who are weak physically. Though asked to do basic exercise, students should be permitted to do it based on their physical conditions.‎ In a word, it is necessary for students to be trained.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【点评】本篇文章要点全面，内容齐全。语法和词汇丰富，语言运用能力很强。文章中语句之间的连接使用恰当，内容连贯，结构紧凑，值得赏读。文章多处应用被动语态，如the military training is often considered boring等；定语从句who are weak physically提升了文章的档次；非谓语动词standing in the sun or running for a long time改变了句子结构单一的现象；Though asked to do basic exercise是主语和be动词的省略，这些高级语法的运用增加了文章的色彩；结尾句中的In a word简洁有力，使作者的观点一目了然。‎ Writing4‎ 最近，在你们班英语课上，老师组织了一次主题为＂Does beauty really make much sense?＂的讨论。请根据下面同学们的讨论结果用英语写一篇100词左右的短文并谈谈自己的观点。‎ ‎1.一些学生的观点：一副好面孔就是一张通行证，在社交、求职、竞争中起着重要作用；‎ ‎2.另一些学生的观点：漂亮不等于能胜任工作，只有内在的美才是真正的美；‎ ‎3.你的观点：……‎ 参考词汇：通行证pass 社交social communication 内在美spiritual beauty 注意：‎ 短文的题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Does beauty really make much sense?‎ Last week in our English class, we had a very heated discussion on the topic—does beauty really make much sense?‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【范文】‎ Does beauty really make much sense?‎ Last week in our English class, we had a very heated discussion on the topic—does beauty really make much sense? Some students think that a good face is a pass. Good appearance often makes a big difference in social communication, social competition, job hunting and so on. Not only can it make you become more confident but also it makes you impressive in the job interview.‎ Other students hold different opinions. Good appearance doesn’t make any difference. Spiritual beauty is more important. A beautiful ‎ person is not necessarily one with good looking, but one with a kind heart and great talent.‎ As far as I am concerned, both physical beauty and spiritual beauty are very important. What I want to say is that we should never ignore our spiritual beauty training while simply pursuing good appearance.‎ Writing5‎ 俗话说：＂字如其人＂，换句话说：＂一个人的书写可以反映其性格特点及品行。＂然而，近些年来，随着电脑科技的发展，人们生活、学习及工作的各个方面都越来越离不开电脑。作为学生，部分同学对书写不够重视，尤其是男生，也因此深受其害。他们觉得电脑打字比手写更方便快捷而且更加美观。但老师及教育专家却一直在倡导学生对书写的重视。对此，你有什么看法。学科#网 请你以此为话题，适当增加细节及你的看法，写一篇120词左右的英语短文。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ Writing6‎ 每逢假期，清华、北大等多所国内知名高校都会迎来大批游客。不少高校为了限制客流不得不采取收费、规定开放日等各种措施，但这些闭门措施却引来不少争议。‎ 请你以＂Should universities limit the number of visitors?＂为话题，写一篇英语短文，陈述你的观点，并给出合理的解释。‎ 注意：词数100左右。‎ ‎ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【范文】‎ Nowadays, it is becoming increasingly popular for tourists to visit famous universities such as Peking University and Tsinghua University during the holidays. However, some universities decide to limit the number of visitors, which has caused heated argument in China.‎ I think the number of tourists should be limited. Here are my reasons: first of all, there are too many tourists wandering through the school yard, teaching buildings, or even the library, which has a negative effect on the students who are absorbed in learning. Second, with so many tourists coming, it is harder for security guards to keep order. Third, universities are designed to provide education rather than tourism service.‎ In summary, universities should limit the number of tourists to ensure a good learning environment.‎