2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（28页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（28页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit 3Inventors and inventions单元学案 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.　　　　vt.抓住;捉住;夺 ‎ ‎2.　　　　vt.忍受;忍耐;负担 ‎ ‎3.　　　　 n.堵塞;阻塞;果酱 ‎ ‎4.　　　　 n.产品 ‎ ‎5.　　　　adj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的 ‎ ‎6.　　　　adj.稳固的;稳定的;安定的 ‎ ‎7.　　　　adj.便利的;方便的;就近的 ‎ ‎8.　　　　adj.实际的;实践的;实用的 ‎ ‎9.　　　　 n.预料;期待;期望 ‎ ‎10.　　　　vt.联想;联系 ‎ 阅读词汇 ‎1.dial vt.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎2.distinguish vi.&vt.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎3.tap vt.& vi.& n.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎4.file n.&vt.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎5.identification n.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎6.competence n.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎7.personnel n.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎8.extension n.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎9.current n.&adj.　　　　　 ‎ ‎10.cubic adj. 　　　　　　  ‎ ‎11.abrupt adj. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎12.valid adj. 　　　　　　  ‎ ‎13.ripe adj. 　　　　　　  ‎ ‎14.competent adj. 　　　　　　  ‎ ‎15.innocent adj. 　　　　　　  ‎ ‎16.dynamic adj. 　　　　　　  ‎ ‎17.stainless adj. 　　　　　　  ‎ ‎18.patent n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎19.caution n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎20.criterion n.　　　　　 ‎ 拓展词汇 ‎1.　　　　adj.便利的;方便的;就近的→　　　　 n.方便;便利 ‎ ‎2.　　　　adj.实际的;实践的;实用的→　　　　adv. 从实际出发;实事求是地→　　　　v. & n.实践;练习 ‎ ‎3.　　　　 n.预料;期待;期望→　　　　 v.预料;期待;期望 ‎ ‎4.　　　　adj.愉快的;高兴的→　　　　adv. 高兴地;愉快地 ‎ ‎5.　　　　adj.宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的→　　　　 n.仁慈;宽恕 ‎ ‎6.　　　　vt.联想;联系 n.同伴;伙伴→　　　　 n.联盟;社团;联想 ‎ ‎7.　　　　 n.小心;谨慎→　　　　adj.小心的;谨慎的 ‎ ‎8.　　　　adj.冰冻的;严寒的→　　　　vt.& vi.(使)冻结;(使)结冰 ‎ 二、高频短语 ‎1.　　　　　　给……打电话 ‎ ‎2.　　　　　　开始;着手 ‎ ‎3.　　　　　　迅速把手伸入;一心投入 ‎ ‎4.　　　　　　不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住 ‎ ‎5.　　　　　　设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过 ‎ ‎6.　　　　　　now and then  ‎ ‎7.　　　　　　out of order  ‎ ‎8.　　　　　　ring off  ‎ 三、经典句型 ‎1.But　　　　　　　　　 (一旦被捡起来), they tried to bite me. ‎ ‎2.Only after you have had that recognition 　　　　　　　　　 (你才能说) that you are truly an inventor. ‎ 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写(注意单词或短语的形式变化)‎ ‎1.The housing price in this area was too high for him to　　　 (承担得起). ‎ ‎2.Doctors said his condition was serious but 　　　(稳定的).  ‎ ‎3.At what age are children able to　　　 (辨别) between right and wrong? ‎ ‎4.The husband left home, for he couldn’t　　　(忍受) his wife’s bad temper. ‎ ‎5.Although this result may not surprise you,it leads to　　　(实用的) advice.  ‎ ‎6.The elephant　　　(抓住) a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.  ‎ ‎7.For Internet universities, exams and diplomas will be 　　　(有效的) if they can defeat academic cheating.  ‎ ‎8.Armed with the information you have gathered,you can 　　　　　　(开始做) preparing your business plan.  ‎ ‎9.　　　　　　　　　 (有时) we slowly pulled one kite back, watching it dancing up and down in the wind.  ‎ ‎10.He didn’t feel well and　　　　　　(给……打电话) the manager to ask for a day off. ‎ ‎11.Most of the telephone lines were destroyed by the hurricane last night, so today it’s almost impossible to　　　　　　 (设法联系上) to anybody. ‎ ‎12.The beggar　　　　　　(将手伸入)his pocket and took out several coins. ‎ ‎13.The manager 　　　　　　(挂断电话) before the worker could explain why he was late.  ‎ ‎14.The washing machine bought yesterday is　　　　　　　　　 (发生故障), which makes him a little annoyed. ‎ ‎15.You’ll have to 　　　　　　(稍等) for a while if you want to see Steve. He’s just gone out. ‎ ‎(二)单句填空 ‎1.I will spare no efforts to live up to all the　　　(expect) of my parents. ‎ ‎2.He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of　　　(recognize). ‎ ‎3.We have provided seats for the　　　 of our customers. If it is 　　　 for you, welcome here. (convenient) ‎ ‎4.The king showed no　　　(mercy) and killed all the prisoners.  ‎ ‎5.David is a 　　　man who is always doing things with 　　　. Thus, you had better deal with him 　　　. (caution) ‎ ‎6.In western countries,the number “thirteen” is usually　　　with bad luck, but actually there isn’t any　　　 between them.(associate) ‎ 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.只有当他离开家时他才意识到他是多么爱父母。(only+状语从句)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　 how much he loved his parents. ‎ ‎2.努力学习,你会被一所重点大学录取。(祈使句+and+陈述句)‎ Work hard and 　　　　　　　　　a key university. ‎ ‎3.一旦被理解,这个规则很容易记住。(省略句)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　, the rule is easy to memorize. ‎ ‎4.我弟弟专心读小说,没有和我说话。(过去分词作状语)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　, my brother didn’t talk to me. ‎ 答案精解精析 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.seize　2.bear　3.jam　4.product　5.passive　6.stable ‎7.convenient　8.practical　9.expectation　10.associate 阅读词汇 ‎1.拨(电话)　2.显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别　3.轻打;轻拍;轻敲;轻轻的敲击(声);(水)龙头　4.文件;档案;文件夹;提交;将……归档　5.鉴定;辨认;确定;身份证明　6.能力;胜任;本领　7.人力资源;人事部;全体人员　8.电话分机;扩大;延伸　9.(水或气)流;电流;现在的;当前的　10.立方的　11.突然的;意外的　12.有效的;确凿的　13.熟的;成熟的 ‎14.能胜任的;有能力的;称职的　15.清白的;无罪的;天真的　16.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的;发展变化的　17.无锈的;不锈的;没有污点的 ‎18.专利证书;专利权　19.小心;谨慎　20.标准;尺度 拓展词汇 ‎1.convenient;convenience　2.practical;practically;practice　3.expectation;expect　4.merry;merrily　5.merciful;mercy　6.associate;association ‎7.caution;cautious　8.freezing;freeze 二、高频短语 ‎1.call up　2.set about　3.dive into　4.hang on　5.get through　6.偶尔;有时　7.次序颠倒;发生故障　8.挂断电话 三、经典句型 ‎1.once picked up　2.can you say 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写 ‎1.afford　2.stable　3.distinguish　4.bear　5.practical　6.seized　7.valid ‎8.set about　9.Now and then　10.called up　11.get through　12.dived into　13.rang off　14.out of order　15.hang on ‎(二)单句填空 ‎ ‎1.expectations　2.recognition　3.convenience;convenient ‎4.mercy　5.cautious;caution;cautiously　6.associated;association 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.Only when he was away from home did he realize ‎2.you’ll be admitted to　3.Once understood　4.Absorbed in the novel 单元综合能力测试 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ A ‎(2018·潍坊模拟)Shanghai Air & Hotel with Transfers/One Day Hangzhou City Tour(PK0482737SHA06)‎ Package Inclusive ‎◎Return Air Tickets ‎◎2 Nights Accommodation ‎◎Return Airport Transfers ‎◎One Day Hangzhou City Tour Booking Period：29 Jan.2018 to 31 Dec. 2018‎ Travel Period：29 Jan. 2018 to 31 Dec. 2018‎ ONE DAY HANGZHOU CITY TOUR It is a city rich with history and culture, spanning back over 2,000 years. With its inviting views and outstanding scenery, the area soon became popular with artists, poets and painters seeking inspiration in this little bit of paradise.‎ Our first stop is Six Harmonies Pagoda. You will get to visit the charming museum and snap some photos in front of this architectural marvel that was built in the Song Dynasty.‎ Next stop will be a visit to Meijiawu Tea Village, for a traditional tea ceremony and its significance to Chinese culture.‎ After lunch, the beautiful view of West Lake is going to greet us. We will have a cruise (游览) across West Lake to experience peace and serenity like no place else in the Shanghai area. The unforgettable scenery includes Three Pools Mirroring the Moon, Bai and Su Causeways, Solitary Hill, and Leifeng Pagoda, etc. The boat ride ends at Viewing Fish at Flower Harbor. We will have the chance to walk along on Su Causeway, and feed the fish in the Red Fish Pond to pray for the good luck.‎ Pickup Time：Between 7：30 a．m.～8：30 a．m.‎ Duration: 10 hrs ‎2WAY SHANGHAI PUDONG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TRANSFERS Transfer between Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG) to your hotel is provided by mini bus. On arrival, you will be met by our driver after custom clearance.‎ Should you require further assistance, please contact our hotline: ＋86 21 6322 3855‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了杭州一日游的旅行安排。‎ ‎21．What service will you get from One Day Hangzhou City Package Tour?‎ A．Roundtrip air tickets.‎ B．One day accommodation.‎ C．Free food service.‎ D．Forceshopping.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Package Inclusive中的第一条“Return Air Tickets”可知选项A正确。‎ ‎22．Which tourist attraction will you visit first?‎ A．Meijiawu Tea Village.‎ B．Six Harmonies Pagoda.‎ C．West Lake.‎ D．Su Causeways.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据“Our first stop is Six Harmonies Pagoda.”一句可知选项B正确。‎ ‎23．How will you get to your hotel from the airport?‎ A．By air.　　　　　　　　 B．By train.‎ C．By bus. D．By ship.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的首句“Transfer between Shanghai Pudong International Airport(PVG)to your hotel is provided by mini bus.”可知选项C正确。‎ B A recent Stanford study found that America's students are shockingly bad at telling fact from fiction in this digital age. It's apparent that something has to change in the nation's classrooms. That something, according to Professor Sam Wineburg, one of those Stanford researchers, is “practice.”‎ ‎“How do they become prepared to make the choices about what to believe, what to forward, what to post to their friends，” Wineburg asked on NPR's All Things Considered, “when teachers give no practice to them？”‎ Patricia Hunt, an experienced teacher at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Va., is doing something she has never done before: helping to pilot a new, digital course called the checkology virtual classroom. It comes from the nonprofit The News Literacy Project.‎ Hunt's students, most of them seniors, work in threes or fours. They're presented with a series of stories that are rapidly and broadly spread via the Internet. Some are false information. Some are ads. And some are pure fact.‎ ‎“We don't know which is which at this point，” laughs student Kahder Smith. “We actually have to sit down, take our time, and actually read them. And probably Google some stuff to see if it's real or not.”‎ A post claims that more than a dozen people died after receiving the flu vaccine (疫苗) in Italy and that the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) is now telling people not to get a flu shot.‎ ‎“I mean, I've heard many unconfirmed reports that the flu shot's bad for you，” student Autumn Cooper says. But instinct (直觉) tells her the story's wrong. “It just ‎ doesn't look like a reliable source. It looks like this is off Facebook and someone shared it.” Cooper labels the story “fiction”. And she's right.‎ Instead of teaching students the fundamentals of factchecking, many schools simply ignore the problem, blocking social media sites on school computers.‎ ‎“It's like teaching students to drive in the parking lot and then sending them out on the highway and saying ‘Good luck！’” says Audrey Church, president of the American Association of School Librarians.‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文。美国的一些学校开设了教学生如何鉴别网络消息真假的课程，很多专家学者表示赞同。‎ ‎24．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Stanford researchers.　　　　　 B．Media people.‎ C．Students. D．Teachers.‎ 解析：选C　代词指代题。根据第一段中的“America's students are shockingly bad at telling fact from fiction in this digital age”可知，在电子时代，美国的学生缺乏辨别真假消息的能力，由此可推测，这里是问“这些学生”怎样才能做好准备选择相信、传递、发布哪些消息呢？另外，根据第二段末的“when teachers give no practice to them”也可推测，这里的they指的是学生。‎ ‎25．How does Hunt run the digital course?‎ A．By inviting experts to give students lectures.‎ B．By asking students to go on the Internet together.‎ C．By taking students to a news organization regularly.‎ D．By letting students identify factual information in groups.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容可知，Hunt让她的学生三四人一组鉴别真假消息。‎ ‎26．According to Church, what should schools do?‎ A．Help students improve driving skills.‎ B．Teach students how to spot false news.‎ C．Allow students to drive on the highway.‎ D．Ask students to avoid using social media.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，Church认为学校屏蔽社交媒体的做法就像是在停车场教会学生们开车后让他们直接上高速，这样做无疑风险很大。由此可推测他反对学校屏蔽社交媒体的做法，而是希望学校能够教孩子们如何识别假新闻。‎ ‎27．What does the text mainly discuss?‎ A．The findings of a recent Stanford study.‎ B．An educational issue in the digital age.‎ C．The influence of a widely spread post.‎ D．An experienced high school teacher.‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讨论了在电子时代，老师如何帮助学生们学会鉴别网络消息的真假，这是一个教育问题。‎ C ‎(2018·北京东城综合练习)Our room was on the second floor but you could still hear the roar of the ocean and see the stars at night. I used to take long walks along the water. The food in town was wonderful and the people were very friendly. The area was very quiet and peaceful, and fairly deserted.‎ The last evening of our vacation, however, we all heard strange footsteps following closely behind us as we were walking up to our room in the holiday centre. We turned around and noticed a fairly young man moving very rapidly across the beach and getting closer to us. He was tall and wore a baseball cap. We couldn't see his face and he was approaching us very rapidly. The man's actions made my dad very nervous. Dad warned us that we'd better try to make it to our hotel room as quickly as possible. I didn't like my dad's voice. I could hear fear in it. It was late and we were all alone. We didn't have any cell phones on us. I never saw Dad as worried as he was then and I knew that something was terribly wrong. The sense of fear started to overwhelm Mom and me. We had had such a good time in town. Now, the night was rapidly turning into a dangerous situation.‎ We could hear the man's footsteps getting closer. Dad's face was almost pale. The socalled intruder (侵入者) had moved nearer and nearer when all of a sudden, the nearby vending (自动售卖) machine started going crazy and spitting out cans of soda! The noise actually scared the intruder and he ran out of sight. My parents were shaking, but we all turned around to see who had put money into the vending machine downstairs, and actually saved us, but no one was around at all. Not a soul.‎ It's one vacation I will never forget.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，描写了作者一家人以前在海边度假时的一次离奇而可怕的经历。‎ ‎28．Where did the author spend the vacation?‎ A．Near a lake. B．At the seaside.‎ C．In a village. D．In a mountain.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，作者旅行的地方应该是在海边，因此才能听到海风呼啸。故选B。‎ ‎29．What happened on the last evening of their vacation?‎ A．They were followed by a stranger.‎ B．Their cell phones were missing.‎ C．Their money was stolen.‎ D．They lost their way.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，在假期的最后一晚有陌生人跟踪他们。故选A。‎ ‎30．The underlined word “overwhelm” in Paragraph 2 means“______”．‎ A．control B．move C．excite D．impress 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上文并结合语境可知，作者一家人都很害怕，所以此处应指这种恐惧的气氛笼罩着他们。overwhelm意为“压倒；覆盖”。control意思与之最接近。故选A。‎ ‎31．What helped them get out of the trouble?‎ A．Their quick action.‎ B．Other people's kind help.‎ C．The young man's warning.‎ D．The noise from the vending machine.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句可知，是自动售卖机发出的响声吓走了侵入者。故选D。‎ D We can stay young forever. That is the message Dr. Shen Ziyin wants to give the world. And the Chinese doctor claims that he has found an answer to the problems of aging.‎ His solution is a herbal medicine to slow the process of aging.‎ Dr. Shen Ziyin has been trained in Western medicine. At the same time he studied traditional Chinese medicine. And, he has been working for the past forty years to put together the best of both and find a cure for aging. He has taken a hint from the ancient Chinese medicine system called “shen”．‎ According to Shen, it is the kidney which adjusts the functioning of the body as well as its aging process. It is responsible for the level of activity that the human bodies ‎ go through. Studies conducted by Dr. Shen show that herbal medicine based on the shen system slow the aging process, says a report in The Telegraph newspaper.‎ We notice that when people grow old, they have reduced strength, loss of hair, backache, weakness in general, and wrinkles, among others. This happens because when people grow old, their bodies produce Tcells. These Tcells contain a particular substance called Fas. Fas makes the cells in the body destruct themselves.‎ So the only way to slow down aging is to slow the production of Tcells in the body. This can happen if people eat low calorie food. Then the body is not active enough to produce extra Tcells. But, is going hungry all the time a good price to pay for staying young?‎ This is where Dr. Shen's herbal medicine comes in. But how effective it will be, only time can tell.‎ 语篇解读：文章讲述了沈自尹博士在延缓衰老这一领域的研究成果。‎ ‎32．How did Dr. Shen find the solution to the problem of aging?‎ A．By studying Western medicine.‎ B．By learning traditional Chinese medicine.‎ C．By doing research on both Western and Chinese people.‎ D．By combining both Western and Chinese medicine.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“And, he has been working for the past forty years to put together the best of both and find a cure for aging.”可知他通过把中西药结合发明了能延缓衰老的药物，所以答案是D。‎ ‎33．What plays the most important role in keeping people young according to Shen?‎ A．Medical treatment.‎ B．People's good kidney.‎ C．Level of people's activity.‎ D．Positive life attitude.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段“According to Shen, it is the kidney which adjusts the functioning of the body as well as its aging process”可知沈博士认为保持人们年轻的重要角色是肾，所以答案是B。‎ ‎34．The reason why people become old is that ________.‎ A．their bodies are unable to fight diseases B．their bodies produce Tcells C．they have reduced strength, loss of hair D．they become weaker and weaker 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第五段“This happens because when people grow old, their bodies produce Tcells.”可知人们会变老的原因是人们的身体会制造胸腺细胞，所以答案是B。‎ ‎35．We can probably learn from the passage that ________.‎ A．people should try to quicken the production of Tcells in the body B．the more Chinese herbal medicine people drink, the better for health C．it remains unknown how effective Dr. Shen's herbal medicine is D．producing more low calorie food allows people to keep young 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But how effective it will be, only time can tell.”可知沈博士的药效如何还需时间进行验证，所以可推测出药效如何目前还不知晓，所以答案是C。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ ‎(2018·陕西省西安市第七十中学模拟)‎ Public Speaking Training ‎·Get a coach ‎__36__， so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.‎ ‎·Focus on positives Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well. __37__， so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do.‎ ‎·__38__‎ If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking ‎ about.__39__. As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.‎ ‎·You are a special person not a clone Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits.__40__. Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not.‎ A．You aren't like anybody else B．You already do lots of things well C．Turn your back on too many rules D．Check the rules about dos and don'ts E．Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough F．The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep G．So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse 语篇解读：本文介绍了怎么选择适合自己的公共演讲训练。‎ ‎36．解析：选E　根据本空后的“so get help”可推测，本空内容应该是指遇到困难或者棘手的事情。纵观所有选项只有E项和F项是棘手的事情。F项中有代词them，但本空前后没有与之相对应的名词，故选E项。‎ ‎37．解析：选B　本题位于段中，通过上下文得出选项。后一句“so good public speaking training should develop those”与空格处形成因果关系，所以空格中应表达“你已经做得很好了”的含义，故选B项。‎ ‎38．解析：选C　本题位于段首， 为整段的主旨大意。本段第一句中提到“lots of dos and don'ts, walk away！”可知，如果有的培训讲太多的条条框框的话，要对条条框框说不，故选C项。‎ ‎39．解析：选G　从前句“Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about”可知，后一空与前一空形成因果关系，脑子里装满了条条框框只会使情况变得更糟，故选G项。‎ ‎40．解析：选A　根据“treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits”可知，空处应讲“与众不同”，故选A项。‎ 第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ Do you know how discipline can help you achieve your goals? Do you know that discipline is important to __41__？ What is the power of discipline? How to become disciplined?‎ You might think that many people are not self disciplined, __42__ I'm going to prove to you that people in general are disciplined, but __43__， in nonbeneficial ways. There are many people who smoke daily__44__ the fact that it is harmful and __45__ and it could kill them. Such people ‎ are disciplined at __46__ cigarettes and smoking. There are people who are disciplined at drinking lots of alcohol daily. Such people are disciplined at consuming alcohol. Do you__47__ where I am going with this?‎ One of my friends who has a __48__ for running spends half an hour every single morning running. Whether it is snowing or raining, she has to run. This is the kind of __49__ discipline that you are supposed to__50__ and create in your life.‎ Do you know someone who bought a book, but didn't finish__51__ it for some reason? Do you know someone who decided to improve his__52__ and start eating more vegetables and fruit, but after two weeks, he__53__？‎ These are all examples of __54__ of discipline. If you are not disciplined, then you will have a hard time to get your__55__. As I mentioned in my book The ultimate guide to achieving your goals that you could know what you want, __56__， and take action, but if you are not selfdisciplined, you will__57__ give up.‎ With discipline, you can start getting up early in the morning, exercise, and __58__ yourself of the nonbeneficial habits such as smoking and eating nonhealthy food. With discipline, you can change negative habits to positive habits. With discipline, you can join the gym and start working on having a __59__ body. Do you see what the__60__ of discipline can do?‎ Always remember what Jim Rohn said, “One discipline always leads to another discipline. ”‎ 语篇解读：自制力能够帮助我们实现目标并取得成功。本文主要讲述了自制的力量及其对人们的影响，作者呼吁人们加强自律，改掉恶习，培养健康向上的生活习惯。‎ ‎ 41.A.wealth　　　　　　　 B．success C．fortune D．health 解析：选B　根据上文的“how discipline can help you achieve your goals”可知，你知道自律对于成功的重要性吗？success意为“成功”；wealth意为“财富”；fortune意为“财富，运气”；health意为“健康”。‎ ‎ 42.A.for B．and C．or D．but 解析：选D　你也许认为很多人不自律，但是我要向你证明的是人们一般是有自律性的。根据句意可知，上下文之间为转折关系，故选项D符合题意。but意为“但是”；for意为“因为”；and意为“和”；or意为“或者”。‎ ‎43．A.unfortunately B．unwillingly C．unnecessarily D．unexpectedly 解析：选A　根据下文的“many people who smoke daily”以及 “people who are disciplined at drinking lots of alcohol daily”可知，但不幸的是，人们的纪律性表现在了有害的方面。unfortunately意为“不幸地，遗憾地”；unwillingly 意为“不愿意地，不情愿地”；unnecessarily意为“没必要地，不需要地”； unexpectedly 意为“意外地，出人意料地”。‎ ‎44．A.besides B．despite C．except D．without 解析：选B　尽管吸烟有害是一个事实，但是有很多人每天都吸烟。根据句意可知上下文之间为转折关系，故选项B符合题意。despite意为“尽管，虽然”；besides意为“除了……还有……”；except意为“除了……之外”；without意为“没有，缺乏”。‎ ‎45．A.courageous B．disgusting C．dangerous D．forbidden 解析：选C　根据上文的“the fact that it is harmful”以及下文的“it could kill them”可知，吸烟是有害和危险的。dangerous意为“危险的，有危害的”；courageous意为“勇敢的，无畏的”；disgusting意为“令人厌恶的，令人反感的”；forbidden意为“被禁止的”。‎ ‎46．A.selling B．buying C．getting D．consuming 解析：选D　根据下文的“Such people are disciplined at consuming alcohol”可知，这些人在消耗烟草和吸烟方面是自律的。consume意为“消耗，消费”；sell意为“卖，出售”；buy意为“购买”；get意为“得到，获得”。‎ ‎47．A.care B．see C．feel D．mind 解析：选B　你明白我说这些要表达什么意思吗？see意为“明白，领会”；care意为“关心，在乎”；feel意为“感觉，感到”；mind意为“介意”。‎ ‎48．A.passion B．gift C．respect D．reason 解析：选A　根据下文的“Whether it is snowing or raining, she has to run”可知，我有一个酷爱跑步的朋友，每天早晨跑步半小时。passion意为“酷爱，激情”；gift意为“天赋，礼物”；respect意为“尊重，尊敬”；reason意为“原因，理由”。‎ ‎49．A.formal B．positive C．negative D．religious 解析：选B　我有个朋友酷爱跑步，每天早晨跑步半小时，这是一种积极的自律。positive意为“积极的，肯定的”； formal意为“正式的”；negative意为“消极的，否定的”；religious意为“宗教的”。‎ ‎50．A.form B．learn C．follow D．believe 解析：选C　这是一种你应该在你的生活中遵循和创造的自律。follow意为“遵循”；form意为“形成”；learn意为“学习”；believe意为“相信”。‎ ‎51．A.reading B．reciting C．analyzing D．reviewing 解析：选A　你知道有人买了一本书，但是因为某种原因没有读完吗？read意为“阅读”；recite意为“背诵”；analyze意为“分析”；review意为“审查，评论，复习”。‎ ‎52．A.service B．diet C．skill D．performance 解析：选B　根据下文的“start eating more vegetables and fruit”可知，有人决定改善自己的饮食。diet意为“饮食”；service意为“服务”；skill意为“技巧”；performance意为“表现，演出”。‎ ‎53．A.broke down B．turned up C．gave up D．set out 解析：选C　但是两周后，他就放弃了。give up意为“放弃”；break down意为“失败；出故障；感情失控”；turn up意为“出现，露面”；set out 意为“出发，启程”。‎ ‎54．A.lack B．gesture C．sign D．symbol 解析：选A　这些都是缺乏自律的例子。lack意为“缺乏，不足”；gesture意为“手势，姿势”；sign意为“符号，标牌，迹象”；symbol意为“象征”。‎ ‎55．A.attention B．order C．credit D．desire 解析：选D　句意：如果你没有自律性，那么你将难以实现你的愿望。desire意为“愿望，渴望”；attention意为“注意，专注”；order意为“命令，顺序”；credit意为“信用，赞扬”。‎ ‎56．A.plan B．listen C．ask D．hope 解析：选A　正如我在我的《实现你的目标终极指南》的书中所提到的，你能知道你想要的，做好计划并采取行动。plan意为“计划”；listen意为“听”；ask意为“问”；hope意为“希望”。‎ ‎57．A.obviously B．practically C．likely D．quickly 解析：选C　但是如果你没有自律性，你将可能放弃。likely意为“可能”；obviously意为“显然地”；practically意为“实际上”；quickly意为“快速地”。‎ ‎58．A.persuade B．inform C．deliver D．break 解析：选D　有自律性，你能够每天早上早起、锻炼，你能把自己身上像吸烟和吃不健康食物的坏习惯改掉。break意为“戒除，摆脱，打破”；persuade意为“劝说，说服”；inform意为“通知，告知”；deliver意为“递送，运送”。‎ ‎59．A.healthier B．weaker C．heavier D．clumsier 解析：选A　有自律性，你能进入体育馆，开始为有一个更健康的身体而努力。healthy意为“健康的”；weak意为“虚弱的”；heavy意为“重的”；clumsy意为“笨拙的”。‎ ‎60．A.demand B．power C．principle D．measure 解析：选B　根据上文的“What is the power of discipline”可知，你明白自律的力量能做什么了吗？power意为“力量”；demand意为“要求”；principle意为“原理，原则”；measure意为“措施”。‎ 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ ‎(2018·广西桂林中学段考)‎ The Importance of Hobbies A hobby is something that one likes to do in one's spare time. A hobby is treated as a favorite activity that a person does for pleasure and not as __61__ regular business.‎ A hobby is not an inborn preference. It __62__ (develop) through a constant and systematic process. A hobby is not pursued__63__ (make) a profit. The main purpose of a hobby is to derive pleasure out of it. It gives us mental and physical__64__ (relax). One makes the best use of one's spare time by pursuing a hobby.‎ While__65__ (make) a choice out of many ways of spending our time, we ought to ensure something that restores our lost energy and cheers__66__ up. There are a good number of hobbies. The hobby that fits our interest, nature and our budget would be the__67__ (good)．‎ The hobby__68__ (select) by teens depends upon the time for hobbies. While teens become busy in shaping their careers, it is very important to develop a hobby, __69__ can open up new views of knowledge, entertainment and careers.‎ As a student, one may develop the hobby of reading newspapers and magazines__70__ (regular). They keep one aware of the current events. In the long run, one will benefit from it if one has to appear in competitive examinations.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了培养业余爱好的重要性以及怎样选择合适的爱好等。‎ ‎61.a　考查冠词。与前面的 as a favorite activity 对应，指爱好不是一件日常事务。‎ ‎62．is developed　考查语态。此处指爱好的形成，因此要用被动语态。‎ ‎63．to make　考查不定式。此处的不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎64．relaxation　考查词形转换。空前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，因此需要将relax变成名词。‎ ‎65．making　考查现在分词。make与其逻辑主语 we之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎66．us　考查代词。与前面的 restores our lost energy 呼应，指使得我们振作起来。‎ ‎67．best　考查形容词最高级。根据语义可知，指那种适合我们的兴趣、性格和预算的爱好，才是最好的。‎ ‎68．selected　考查过去分词。这里的hobby与select构成被动关系，使用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎69．which　考查定语从句。which引导了一个非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎70．regularly　考查副词。此处用副词作状语来修饰谓语动词。‎ Ⅰ.写作规范增分练 第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ It's reported that some Chinese tourists behave badly travel at home and abroad.They speak loudly in public places, carve characters at tourist attractions, throw a rubbish everywhere, even cross the road when the traffic lights are still red. Such bad behavior had caused damage to what people think of themselves and our country.Actions should be taken to stop this.First, tourists should be educating to obey social and public order, and respect locally religions and customs. Besides, laws should be made to punish those which don't behave politely in public. I hope soon tourists will change their behavior and win respect of themselves and our country. ‎ 答案：第一句：travel→travel(l)ing 第二句：去掉rubbish前的a; even前加and 第三句：had→has; themselves→them 第四句：Actions→Action 第五句：educating→educated; locally→local 第六句：which→who或that 第七句：of→for 第二节：书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎(2018·咸阳模拟)假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom来信询问雾霾严重时你校如何保证正常上课。请你根据以下要点给Tom回信：‎ ‎1．政府在学校安装新风系统；‎ ‎2．家长捐献空气净化器；‎ ‎3．学校减少户外活动。‎ 参考词汇：雾霾haze；新风系统 fresh air system; 空气净化器 air purifier 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考范文：‎ Dear Tom，‎ I am writing in response to your concern about ways of ensuring normal teaching activities in our school in case of heavy haze.Thanks for your concern anyway.‎ Several parties are involved in fighting haze.First of all, the government has installed the fresh air system, an air conditioner allowing purified air to circulate without opening the windows.Second, enthusiastic parents have donated enough air purifiers which help to relieve air pollution caused by haze and improve the air quality. What's more, our school tries to limit the time for outdoor activities, exposing us to as little polluted air as possible.‎ Thanks to the joint efforts, we are now enjoying our school life.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua