【英语】2019届人教版高考一轮复习必修5精选学案设计：Unit1　Greatscientists

【英语】2019届人教版高考一轮复习必修5精选学案设计：Unit1　Greatscientists

　Unit 1　Great scientists 一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇 Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉) [第一屏听写] 1．characteristic n．　　　　 特征；特性 2．radium n. 镭 3．analyse vt. 分析 4．physician n. 医生；内科医师 5．outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争) 6．victim n. 受害者 7．enquiry n. 询问　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第二屏听写] 8．neighbourhood n．　 　　 附近；邻近 9．pump n. 泵；抽水机 vt. (用泵)抽(水) 10．firework n. 烟火(燃放) 11．chart n. 图表 12．backward adv.&adj. 向后地(的)；相反地(的)； 退步地(的)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英) [第三屏听写] 1．paintern．　　 　　　　 画家；油漆匠 2．scientificadj. 科学的 3．concludevt.&vi. 结束；推断出 4．conclusionn. 结论；结束 5．defeatvt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 n. 失败 6．expertadj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n. 专家；行家　　　　　　　 　 [第四屏听写] 7．attendvt.　　　 　　　 照顾；护理；出席；参加 8．exposevt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光 9．curen. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治疗 10．challengen. 挑战 vt. 向……挑战 11．absorbvt. 吸收；吸引；使专心　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第五屏听写] 12．suspectvt.　　　 　　 认为；怀疑 n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 13．severeadj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 14．foreseevt. 预见；预知 15．blamevt. 责备；谴责 n. 过失；责备 16．pollutevt. 污染；弄脏　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第六屏听写] 17．handlen．　　　 　　　 柄；把手 vt. 处理；操纵 18．linkvt.&n. 连接；联系 19．announcevt. 宣布；通告 20．instructvt. 命令；指示；教导 21．constructvt. 建设；修建 22．constructionn. 建设；建筑物 23．contributevt.&vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第七屏听写] 24．positiveadj.　　　　　 积极的；肯定的；确实的 25．movementn. 移动；运动；动作 26．spinvi.&vt. (使)旋转；纺(线或纱) 27．enthusiasticadj. 热情的；热心的 28．cautiousadj. 小心的；谨慎的 29．rejectvt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃 30．universen. 宇宙；世界　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第八屏听写] 31．put_forward　　 　 　　 提出 32．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论 33．expose_...to 使显露；暴露 34．link_...to_... 将……和……联系或连接起来 35．apart_from 除……之外；此外 36．(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的 37．make_sense 讲得通；有意义　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾 (一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识 记 单 词 写 对 Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉) 1.characteristic n．特征；特性 2.radium n. 镭 3.neighbourhood n. 附近；邻 近 4.pump n. 泵；抽水机 vt. (用泵)抽(水) 5.firework n. 烟火(燃放) 6.chart n. 图表 7.backward adv.&adj. 向后 地(的)；相反地(的)； 退步地(的) Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英) 1.paintern. 画家；油漆匠 2.scientificadj. 科学的 3.expertadj. 熟练的；经验或 知识丰富的 n. 专家；行家 4.severeadj.　严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 5.foreseevt. 预见；预知 6.pollutevt. 污染；弄脏 7.movementn. 移动；运动；动作 8.spinvi.&vt. (使)旋转；纺(线或纱) 9.universen. 宇宙；世界 10.enthusiasticadj. 热情的；热心的 核 心 单 词 练 通 1.Children, when exposed (暴露) to an English­speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily. 2.When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed (使专心) in conversation. 3.Blamed (责备) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. 4.The army was well­trained and well­armed, and had little difficulty defeating (打败) the enemy. 5.He's not a very good teacher — he doesn't know how to handle (应对) children. 6.He finished the work in a positive (积极的) way. 7.He was so ill that two nurses were attending(照顾) on him.　 8.Researchers find cures (治疗方法) for certain diseases often by using the forests' plant and animal life. 9.Suspecting (怀疑) the traveler of carrying drugs, the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase. 10.When linked (连接) to the subway, the city will be easy to get access to. 拓展单词用 活 [记全记牢] 1.conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断 出→conclusionn．结论；结束 2.challenge n．挑战 vt.向…… 挑战→challengingadj.具有挑 战性的 3.announce vt. 宣 布 ； 通 告 →announcementn．通知；宣 告→announcern．播音员；广 播员 4.instruct vt.命令；指示；教导 →instructionn．指导；指示； 用 法 说 明 →instructiveadj. 指 示性的；有教育意义的 5.construct vt. 建 设 ； 修 建 →constructionn．建设；建筑 物 6.contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献； 捐助→contributionn．捐献； 贡献 7.cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的 →cautionn ． 小 心 ； 谨 慎 →cautiouslyadv.小心地；谨慎 地 8.reject vt.拒绝；抛弃；不接 [用准用活] 1.It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude) 2.The writer personally contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his contributions were gratefully received.(contribute) 3.Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy, whose announcement of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce) 4.The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct) 5.I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge.Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging.(challenge) 6.In the class, our teacher often instructs us to improve our reading ability and his instruction makes a difference in our English learning.(instruct) 受→rejectionn．拒绝；抛弃 ⇩积 得 多(平时多输入，用时顺手出) 1.后缀­sion 构成的抽象名词集锦 ①conclusion　结论；结束 ②confusion 混乱 ③expression 词语；表达方式 ④revision 修正；复习 ⑤permission 允许 ⑥profession 职业；专业 2.发表你的“观点；态度” ①positive　　积极的 ②negative 消极的 ③subjective 主观的 ④objective 客观的 ⑤doubtful 怀疑的 ⑥critical 批评的 3.“照看/照顾某人”的多种表达 ①attend to/on/upon sb. ②care for sb. ③take care of sb. ④look after sb. ⑤show consideration for sb. ⑥see after sb. 4.名词用作动词的高频词汇聚焦 ①handle n．把手→vt.处理 ②nurse n．护士→vt.护理 ③face n．脸→vt.面对 ④bridge n．桥→vt.沟通 ⑤drink n．饮料→vt.喝；饮 (二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先 写 对 再 用 准 第一 组 1.put_forward　 　 　　提出 2.draw_a_conclusion 得出结论 3.expose_...to 使显露；暴露 4.link_...to_... 将……和……联系或 连接起来 5.apart_from 除……之外；此外 　 　 From some cases, we ① drew_a_conclusion that we should close the window and lock the door in time. ② Apart_from it, we also ③ put_forward several suggestions, one of which was that you should not ④expose this information to anyone when out.These suggestions would certainly cure us of the bad habits so that we could prevent such cases happening again. 第二 组 1.be_enthusiastic_about 热 衷 于 ； 对……充满热情 2.make_sense 讲得通；有意义 3.(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的 4.contribute_to 有助于；捐献；导 致 5.be_to_blame 应受责备 6.look_into 调查 Dear Nicolaus Copernicus， As an astronomer, I ① am_enthusiastic_about your new theory about the solar system.The following reason ② contributed_to my suggestion.The present theory doesn't ③make_sense,_for we cannot conclude it that the earth is the centre of the universe.So I sincerely hope you can publish your new theory. Yours， Li Hua ⇩积 得 多(平时多输入，用时顺手出) 1.“动词＋...＋to”短语荟萃 ①expose ...to　　　　　使显露；暴 露 ②add ...to 增添；增加 ③compare ...to 把……比作 ④devote ...to 把……用于 ⑤supply ...to 为……提供 2.由 link ...to ...联想到的 ①connect ...with ...　　　把……和……连接起来 ②tie ...to ... 把……拴到…… ③mix ...with ... 把……和……混合起来 ④combine ...with ... 把……和……结合起来 ⑤attach ...to ... 把……系到/缚到…… (三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源，也不 了解它的治疗方法。 neither ...nor ...连接 两 个 并 列 的 句 子 成 分。 这种现象既不是很好也不是很差；它 就是现实中的大学生活，过去是这样， 现在依然还是如此。 This phenomenon is neither_good_nor_bad;_it is a fact of college life, today and in the past. 2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成 千上万惊恐的人死去。 every time 作连词， 引导时间状语从句。 每次我们野营，妈妈都会读一本书或 者唱一首柔和的歌。 (2017·11 月 浙 江 高 考 写 作 ) Every_time_we_camped,_Mom would read a book or sing a soft song. 3.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位 置上，天空中其他行星的运动 才能说得清楚。 “only＋状语(从句)” 位 于 句 首 时 后 面 的 主句需用部分倒装。 只有当我们用正确的方式处理并克服 大量困难，我们才会实现我们的梦想。 Only if we deal with and overcome large numbers of difficulties in a correct way will_we_achieve_our_dreams 考点新组合 阅读微技能 　　At yesterday's conference, quite a few suggestions were put forward❶ on how to make more profits in the competitive world.Our manager stressed that it is being fully devoted to one's work that contributes to one's success❷， which I think makes sense in our daily life.To conclude, we are supposed ________ (spare)❸ no effort to realize our dream. 1.用同义短语替换①：came_up。 2.②句中画波浪线部分为强调句型。 3.③处应填入动词的正确形式为 to_spare。 1.contribute vt.&vi.捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿 (1)contribute sth.to ...　　　 把某物捐献给…… contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致；投稿 (2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献 make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017·江苏高考) ②Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success. ③Besides, consulting our teachers can contribute to solving (solve) the problems. ④As students, we should make a contribution to keeping our school clean and tidy. 单句写作 ⑤如果你想往我们报纸投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文) If you want to contribute_to_our_newspaper,_please send me your article before the deadline. [联想发散]　表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause, lead to, result in, bring about 等。 2．conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出 (1)concludeError! (从……中)推断出…… conclude sth.Error! 以……结束…… to conclude 最后 (2)come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 总而言之 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. ②When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points. ③To conclude, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.(2015·浙江高考书面表达) 补全句子 ④In_conclusion,_I believe that you can benefit a lot from the film.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面 表达) 总之，我相信你们会从这部影片中获益匪浅。 [联想发散]　表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有：in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to sum up, briefly (speaking), on the whole 等。 3．put forward [一词多义]　写出下列句中 put forward 的含义 ①We've put the date of their wedding forward by one week.将……提前 ②It was Stephen Hawking that put forward a theory about black holes.提出 ③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.拨快 ④Can I put you forward as our club secretary？提名；推荐 [归纳拓展] ❺put away　　 　　 把……收拾好；整理；储蓄 ❻put aside 把……放到一边；储存 ❼put up 搭建；张贴；为……提供住宿；举起 ❽put through 接通电话；完成 ❾put up with 容忍；忍受 [应用领悟] Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy New Year presents. 鼓励孩子们储存一部分零花钱来购买新年礼物。 4．make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通 (1)make sense of　 理解；明白 make no sense 没意义 (2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说 in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装) [多角练透] 同义替换 ①See, your computer has broken down again! It isn't reasonable ( ＝ doesn't_make_sense) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. 瞧，你的电脑又坏了！只是为了省一点钱买最便宜牌子的电脑没有意义。 ②We read it through, but could not understand (＝make_sense_of) it. 我们从头到尾读了一遍，但不明白它说些什么。 句型转换 ③You should lose heart in no sense; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. →In_no_sense_should_you_lose_heart;_keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒装句) 考点新组合 阅读微技能 　 　 Black was severely ill because of ________ (expose)❶ to a deadly virus.After all the attempts to cure him ________❷ his disease, the experts announced that the virus was defeated but he needed attending for a week before❸ he was fully recovered.It was said that mosquitoes carrying the virus were to blame. 1.①处应填词的正确形式为 being_exposed。 2.在②处填入适当的介词：of。 3.③处 before 意为：在……之前。 5．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临 (1)expose ...to ... 暴露……给……；使……接触…… expose oneself to ... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于…… (2)be exposed to 遭受到；(使)接触到 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing (play) computer games. ②Being_exposed (expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin. ③If exposed (expose) to the outside surroundings, they'll be stronger and better prepared for their future. 句型转换 ④She has the courage to expose herself to the dangers. →She has the courage to be_exposed_to the dangers. [ 名 师 指 津 ] 　 及 物 动 词 expose 后 若 无 宾 语 ， 则 常 常 使 用 它 的 被 动 形 式 ； 在 expose ...to ...以及 be exposed to 结构中，to 为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 6．cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗 a cure for ...　　　 针对……的治疗(法) cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等 [题点全练]　介词填空 ①Professor Wang said the reason of shortsightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent cure for it. ②The fresh air and exercise cured him of his sleeplessness, which made him feel relief. [辨析比较]　cure, treat cure 强调结果，“治疗，治愈”，其后可直接加疾病或用于 cure sb.of sth.结构 treat 强调过程，“治疗”，常用搭配：treat one's＋疾病或 treat sb.for＋疾病 选用上述单词填空 ③The doctor treated her headache with the best medicine, but did not cure her of the disease. 7．attend v．照顾；护理；出席；参加 [练牢基点]　写出下列句中 attend 的含义 ①The patients are well attended in the hospital.照顾；护理 ②You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend an international meeting.出席；参加 [系统考点] attend a meeting/a lecture/school 　　　 　　　　 参加会议/听讲座/上学 attend (on/upon) sb. 照顾某人；伺候某人 attend to 处理；对付；接待(顾客)；专心；注意 [练通重点]　补全句子 ③She was praised for having_attended_on/upon her sick mother­in­law for over thirty years. 她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人们的称赞。 ④He offered to go and attend_to the matter. 他主动提出来去处理那件事。 8．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n.过失；责备 (1)blame sb.for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；应(为……)受责备 (2)put/lay the blame for sth.on ... 将某事归咎于…… [多角练透] 对比填空(for/on) ①She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage. ②She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband. ③She laid the blame for the failure of their marriage on her husband. 补全句子 ④I am_not_to_blame_for my laziness, mum.I'm what you have made me. 妈妈，你不该责备我懒惰。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。 [名师指津]　be to blame 短语中 blame 不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动 含义。 考点新组合 阅读微技能 　 　 Li Ping's English teacher is very strict with her and he often encourages her to read some English articles every day, neither too long nor too short❶.And in this way, Li Ping has absorbed a lot from reading.Every time ❷ Li Ping attends the English speech contest, he always instructs her patiently.With the help of her teacher, Li Ping has made rapid progress.When ________ (face) ❸ with difficulties and challenges, she never gives up. 1.把①中画波浪线部分翻译成汉语：长短适宜。 2.②处连词 Every time 在句中引导时间状语 从句。 3.③处应填词的正确形式为 faced。 9．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；理解 (1)absorb ...from ...　　　　 从……中吸收…… absorb ...into ... 把……吸收入…… absorb oneself in ... 专心于；全神贯注于 (2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 (be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于…… [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil. ②It takes a few minutes to absorb alcohol into the bloodstream. ③Absorbed (absorb) in his work, he simply forgot to have supper and sleep. 一句多译 一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他专心致志于读书中。(2015·福建高考书面表 达) ④ A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he absorbed_himself_ in_his_reading. ⑤ A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was_absorbed_in_his_ reading. [联想发散]　be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词 形式 absorbed in ...。类似的结构还有： ①be lost in ...　　　　 陷入……；专心致志于…… ②be caught in ... 被困在…… ③be buried in ... 埋头于…… ④be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于…… ⑤be occupied in ... 忙于…… ⑥be involved in ... 专注于…… 10．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导 (1)instruct sb.to do sth.　　　 命令某人做某事 instruct sb.in (doing) sth. 指导某人(做)某事 (2)instructive adj. 指示性的；有教育意义的 instruction n. 指导；指示；用法说明 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①With the teacher instructing (instruct) them, the students have made great progress in English. ②You must read the instructions (instruct) before taking the medicine. 一句多译 这些学生需要一位老师来指导他们绘画。 ③The students need a teacher to instruct_them_to_paint. ④The students need a teacher to instruct_them_in_painting. 11．challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战 (1)face the challenge　　　　　　 面临挑战 accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战 (2)challenge sb.to sth. 向某人挑战某事 challenge sb.to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事 (3)challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①I want to challenge him to a game of basketball. ②Teaching young children is a challenging (challenge) and rewarding job. ③Every design is a new challenge. I set higher standards for myself every day, and I strive to be the best at what I do. 补全句子 ④ Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are_facing_new_challenges_from the modern market.(2017·江苏高考) 很多享有几百年盛誉的中国品牌，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。 [名师指津]　challenge 本身已含有“向……；对……”的意义，因而不要再加多余的 to。 向某人挑战Error! 12．neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……” Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。 (1)neither ...nor ...连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近 一致原则。 ①Neither the teacher nor the students are (be) content with the result. 这位老师和学生们都对这个结果不满意。 ②Neither my wife nor I myself was (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind and finally she joined in the game. 我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意，最终她参加了这个比赛。 (2)遵循“就近一致原则”的其他并列连词： either ...or ...　　　　　 不是……就是…… not only ...but also ... 不仅……而且…… not ...but ... 不是……而是…… ③Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes (take) great interest in the piano lessons now. 现在不仅约翰和汤姆，而且他们的姐姐玛丽也对钢琴课非常感兴趣。 ④Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生将要出席明天的会议。 13．every time 引导时间状语从句 So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak. 所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人死去。 名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有： (1)由time构成的名词词组：each time， the first/last time， next time， any time等。 (2)the＋瞬间名词：the minute， the instant， the moment等，意为“一……就……”。 ①Something is learned every/each_time a book is opened.开卷有益。 ②The_first_time he came to the city, he decided to settle there. 他第一次来到那个城市，他就决定在那里安家。 ③You are welcome to come back any_time you want to. 你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。 [单元语基落实] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．We have discussed the problem many times, but still couldn't come to a conclusion (conclude)． 2．His son is very naughty and has formed some bad habits.I think he should cure him of them. 3．Mark is a cautious (caution) shopper who always does some careful research on the market before he buys something valuable. 4．It was_announced (announce) that our team took the first place. 5．I tried to follow the instructions (instruct), but I got confused. 6．They invited all their relatives to_attend (attend) their wedding. 7．Mary was_rejected (reject) by the university she applied to last year. 8．Apart from its low price, the advantage of this car lies in its good quality. 9．Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it. 10．He put forward his proposal at that meeting, to which we all agreed. 11．He got so absorbed (absorb) in reading that he was unaware of things happening round him. 12．It is so challenging (challenge) a job that I can't finish it on my own. 13．Neither he nor his parents have (have) seen the film. 14．(2018·江苏高考)Some social app companies were to_blame (blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration. 15．To be honest, as a teacher, you should be strict with your students in all aspects. Ⅱ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)我确信它会吸引你，因为你一直热衷于体育运动。 (enthusiastic) I'm sure it will appeal to you, for_you've_been_enthusiastic_about_sports. 2．把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。(contribute) Doing small things well contributes_to_building_up_our_confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future. 3．我是一名中国学生，我打算在假期去英国参加一个暑期学习班。(attend) I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to_attend_a_summer_school during the vacation. 4．每当看到这张老照片，我就会想起我中学时的同桌。(every time) Every_time_I_see_the_old_photo,_I will think of my deskmate in middle school. 5．只有用这种方法我们才能为我们的家庭和社会做出贡献。(部分倒装) Only in this way can_we_make_a_great_contribution/great_contributions_to our family and our society. Ⅲ.句型转换/一句多译 1．It was reported that it was the driver's carelessness that led to the traffic accident. →It was reported that it was the driver's carelessness that contributed_to the traffic accident. 2．If you go out, who will look after the baby? →If you go out, who will attend_to the baby? 3．如果年轻人每天都处于嘈杂的音乐的影响中，他们很可能有变聋的危险。 ① Young people may risk going deaf if they are_exposed_to_very_noisy_music every day.(expose) ②If exposed_to_very_noisy_music every day, young people may risk going deaf.(省略 句) ③Being_exposed_to_very_noisy_music every day makes it possible for young people to risk going deaf.(动名词作主语) 4．汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她会议时间。 ①Tom was so absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of the time for the meeting.(absorb) ②So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of the time for the meeting.(so ...that ...的倒装句) ③Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom forgot to inform her of the time for the meeting.(过去 分词短语作状语) 5．他把考试失败归咎于老师。 ①He_blamed_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher.(blame ...on) ②He_blamed_the_teacher_for_the_failure_of_his_exam.(blame ...for) ③He_put/laid_the_blame_for_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher.(blame n．) [高考拆组训练] 阅读理解组块专练——练速度 (限时：30 分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Once a man needed a new pair of shoes. This man was very good at math. He knew that in order to get shoes that fit very well, it would be necessary to measure his foot size correctly. So, before he went to the market, he carefully measured his feet and drew a very detailed picture of his feet on a piece of paper. Then before leaving the house, like a good mathematician, he rechecked his picture. It was a very long way from the man's home to the market. It was past mid­day when the man arrived at the market. When the man reached the shoe stall, he realized that he had forgotten to bring his paper. He turned around and walked all the way back home to get it. It was nearly sunset when the man returned to the market. There he found the market was closing. The shoemaker had packed up all of his shoes. “Foolish man ， ” the shoemaker said to the man when he was asked to unpack his goods to make a sale. “Why did you not just try on the shoes？” The man hung his head shamefully, saying, “I guessed there was only one way to solve my problem. I should have checked with others for another solution that might have worked as well or better than my own.” The above short story works well with school students and also teachers. Don't try to solve a problem with a single point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过一则短篇故事告诉我们：一个问题往往不只有一种 解决办法。 1．Before the man went to the market, he ________. A．asked others for some advice B．knew well about his foot size C．measured his old shoes carefully D．drew a pair of shoes on a piece of paper 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So, before he went to the market, he carefully measured his feet and drew a very detailed picture of his feet on a piece of paper.”可知，在去 集市之前，那位男子仔细地测量了自己的脚的尺寸。 2．The shoemaker considered the man to be ________. A．stupid　　　 B．strange C．clever D．interesting 解析：选 A　细节理解题。根据第四段中鞋匠说的“Foolish man”可知，鞋匠认为那位 男子很愚蠢。 3．What does the author want to show by telling the story? A．We should learn math very well. B．It's necessary to ask for help at times. C．We should think carefully before we act. D．There is more than one way to solve a problem. 解析：选 D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Don't try to solve a problem with a single point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem.”可知，作者讲述 这个故事是想告诉我们：一个问题往往不只有一种解决办法。 B (2019·丽水模拟)Eight years before his death in 1896, Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary (讣告) in the local newspaper.This was a strange obituary, for it told Alfred Nobel, the man who was reading it, that he was dead.The newspaper had confused Alfred with his brother, Ludvig, who had recently died. Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away, and he was even more annoyed by the title of his obituary： Themerchantofdeathisdead.Alfred was a very rich and successful armaments manufacturer (武器制造商)． This incident got him thinking about his reputation.What would people think of him after his real death? Would they really say “That was a man who profited from killing” ？ It was this thought that led him to leave his money — a huge amount of it — for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.His aim was for his money to be used to support the ongoing quest (追求) for excellence in the sciences and literature, and the ideal of peace.Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901.The awards let the world know about the developments that may have a huge effect on our lives. However, the prizes are controversial sometimes.There is often protest ( 抗 议 ) at the award of the Peace Prize when not everyone thinks that the award­winners deserve the award.Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award committee often neglects important writers. The highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust, for example, were never honored by the Swedish Academy. Still, for the most part the awards don't cause many complaints.Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize those who have had “the greatest benefit to mankind” and few would disagree that most of the prizewinners — among them, Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King Jr.— have made contributions that deserve to be honored and remembered. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了诺贝尔奖设立的来历。 4．How did Alfred Nobel feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper? A．Sad and worried. B．Shocked and upset. C．Surprised and confused. D．Amused and puzzled. 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，当 Alfred Nobel 看到报纸上的这则 讣告的时候，非常吃惊。根据第二段第一句可知，他不只是吃惊，而且还很生气，故选 B。 5．What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary? A．Seek excellence in the sciences. B．Donate all his money to the charity. C．Stop producing any killing weapons. D．Set up the Nobel prizes with his money. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“It was this thought that led him to leave his money — a huge amount of it — for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.”可知，阿 尔弗雷德·诺贝尔看到这则讣告之后，想了很多，最终决定把他大笔的钱用于设立著名的诺 贝尔奖，故选 D。 6．Why does the author mention James Joyce and Marcel Proust? A．To show the controversy of some Nobel prizes. B．To give examples of influential Nobel prizewinners. C．To explain the standard of giving out the Nobel prizes. D．To prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on literature. 解析：选 A　推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award committee often neglects important writers.”(即便是诺贝尔文学奖有时候也会受到批评，因为奖项委员会经常会忽视重要的作 家。)可知，作者以这两个人为例，是为了说明有时诺贝尔奖是存在争议的。 7．What does the author think of the Nobel prizes? A．There should be more female winners. B．There are too many controversial winners. C．They have honored many worthy winners. D．The committee should be more selective. 解析：选 C　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“few would disagree that most of the prizewinners ...deserve to be honored and remembered”可知，作者认为诺贝尔奖奖励了很多 值得赞赏的人，故选 C。 C Brian Greene, a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, has created an online science education platform. He tries to “build a bridge” with things you know about, and then “bring you across that bridge to the strange place of modern physics.” Recently I had a chance to ask Greene about wormholes (a hole which some scientists think might exist, connecting parts of space and time that are not usually connected), time travel and other mysteries of the universe. I asked him a million­dollar question: What if I went through a wormhole and prevented my parents from meeting? “Most of us believe that the universe makes sense ， ” Greene said. “Although there are several interesting theories about time travel ， ” he added, “the laws of physics would probably prevent something so illogical from taking place. The good news is that the time paradox (悖论) is open for future physicists to solve.” When asked how physics could become more exciting for kids, Greene said that books by Stephen Weinberg, Leonard Susskind, and other physicists, “make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren't yet ready, perhaps, to learn math.” When I pointed out that some students still might find physics boring, Greene said that the key is to teach them about things that are strange. “The basic stuff is important，” Greene said. “But I think it's really important to also describe the more modern ideas, things like black holes and the Big Bang. If kids have those ideas in mind, then at least some of them will be excited to learn all the details.” Greene has followed Albert Einstein's lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same. As Greene said, physics is “not just a matter of solving problems in an exam.” It's about experimenting, showing an interest in strange phenomena (现象) — and having fun! 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。物理学家 Brian Greene 希望更多的孩子将会对现代物理学 感兴趣。 8．A million­dollar question in Paragraph 2 is probably very ________. A．direct B．difficult C．personal D．long 解析：选 B　词义猜测题。根据第二段 Greene 对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的 物理学家去解决可知，作者提出的这个问题非常难。 9．The books by Weinberg and Susskind ________. A．are boring to read B．are mainly about math C．are popular science books D．are only popular among kids 解析：选 C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“...books by ...make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren't yet ready, perhaps, to learn math” 可 知 ， Greene 认为 Weinberg 和 Susskind 等物理学家写的书浅显易懂，适合普通大众阅读，故这 些书属于流行的科普读物。 10．In the last paragraph, Greene hopes that ________. A．kids can love science and physics B．kids can do well in physics exams C．kids can have fun with experiments D．kids can find more strange things in life 解析：选 A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Greene has followed Albert Einstein's lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same.”可知， Greene 希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣，去探索宇宙的奥秘。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Teenagers are especially likely to suffer loneliness.Here are some suggestions for speeding a recovery from loneliness. Reach out to others, but start small.A smile and a friendly greeting for the student behind you in line at the cafeteria won't make you best friends.__1__ It also can make it easier to interact the next time. Find a safe place to make connections.If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just don't belong, try joining a special­interest group.Maybe it's the drama club or the marching band.__2__ Find other ways of making connections.Lonely people hunger for acceptance and friendship.Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others.__3__ Teach a child reading.Take notes for a disabled classmate.You might be surprised at the connections you make after reaching out to others in these ways. __4__ Loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends.That's why it's important to know how to select a friend.The best friendships are those based on similar values and attitudes. You get what you expect, so expect the best.If you expect others to be friendly, you will behave in similar ways. __5__ It goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others. A．But it will make you both feel pretty good. B．So consider becoming a volunteer. C．Some teens aren't so adaptable, however. D．Encourage people to be friendlier to you. E．Choose the right people. F．For most young people, loneliness is only temporary. G．Look for a group that allows you to ease gradually. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何应对孤独的一些建议。　 1．选 A　根据语境可知，空前一句和空后的“It also can make it easier to interact the next time.”之间存在逻辑上的转折关系，所以 A 项“但是它将使你们都感到很好”符合语境。 2．选 G　根据上文“Find a safe place to make connections.If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just don't belong, try joining a special­interest group.”可推知，作 者建议找一个让自己觉得舒服的团体，所以选 G 项。 3．选 B　根据上文“Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others.”可知，帮助他人会让孤独者更易被接纳和喜欢。故 B 项“因此考虑做 一名志愿者”衔接下文“Teach a child reading.Take notes for a disabled classmate.”。 4．选 E　根据下文“That's why it's important to know how to select a friend.”可推知， 选对朋友对孤独者尤其重要，他们缺的不是特定数量的朋友，而是高质量的友谊，E 项中的 “Choose”对应“select”，所以选 E 项。 5．选 F　根据空后内容可推知，青少年的孤独是暂时的，随着他们学会如何通过社会 阅历找到自己的道路和与他人建立关系，孤独就会不复存在，所以选 F 项。