2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit5Firstaid单元学案（92页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit5Firstaid单元学案（92页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit5First aid 单元学案 Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Prereading FIRST AID① FOR BURNS The skin② is an essential③ part of your body and its largest organ④. You have three layers⑤ of skin which act as⑥ a barrier⑦ against disease, poisons⑧ and the sun’s harmful rays⑨. The functions⑩ of your skin are also very complex⑪： it keeps you warm or cool⑫； it prevents your body from losing⑬ too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain⑭ and it gives you your sense of touch⑮. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment⑯ of burns.‎ Causes of burns You can get burned by a variety⑰ of things: hot liquids⑱， steam, fire, radiation⑲ (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.‎ ‎①first aid [eId](对伤患者的)急救 ‎②skin [skIn] n．皮；皮肤 ‎③essential [I'senʃl] adj.最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的 ‎④organ ['ɔːɡən] n．器官 ‎⑤layer ['leIə] n．层；层次 ‎⑥act as充当；担任 ‎⑦barrier ['bærIə] n．屏障；障碍(物)‎ ‎⑧poison ['pɔIzn] n．毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒 ‎⑨ray [reI] n．光线；射线 ‎⑩function n．功能；功效 ‎⑪complex ['kɒmpleks] adj.复杂的 ‎⑫keeps you warm or cool为“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。‎ ‎⑬prevent ... (from) doing ...阻止……做……‎ ‎⑭where you feel cold, heat or pain为表语从句。‎ ‎⑮sense of touch触觉 ‎⑯treatment n. [C，U]治疗；处理；对待 ‎⑰variety [və'raIətI] n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)‎ a variety of各种各样的 ‎⑱liquid ['lIkwId] n．液体 ‎⑲radiation [ˌreIdI'eIʃn] n．辐射；射线 烧伤的急救 ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体最大的器官。皮肤有三层，像是三层屏障，可以防病、防毒和抵御有害太阳光线的侵害。皮肤的功能也很复杂：皮肤可以保暖或保持凉爽，阻止体内的水分大量流失。正是皮肤使你感到冷、热或疼痛，它还使你有触觉。因此，你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中，急救是非常重要的第一步。‎ 烧伤的原因 你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或火等)、太阳、电或化学物品。‎ Types of burns⑳‎ There are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.‎ ‎·First degree burns　These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan， stove or iron for a moment.‎ ‎⑳burn(s)此处为名词，意为“烧伤”。‎ 现在分词短语depending on ...作方式状语，其中which layers of the skin are burned是on的宾语。‎ within a day or two在一两天之内 mild [maIld] adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的 mild sunburn轻度的晒伤 pan [pæn] n．平底锅；盘子 stove [stəʊv] n．炉子；火炉 ‎ [第3～4段译文]‎ 烧伤的种类 烧伤有三类。根据皮肤的第几层被烧伤定义为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。‎ 一度烧伤　这种烧伤只损伤皮肤的表层。这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤和由于短暂接触热锅、炉子或熨斗而导致的烫伤。‎ ‎·Second degree burns　These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.‎ ‎·Third degree burns　These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks， burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.‎ Characteristics of burns First degree burns ‎·dry, red and mildly swollen ‎·mildly painful ‎·turn white when pressed Second degree burns ‎·rough， red and swollen ‎·blisters ‎·watery surface ‎·extremely painful Third degree burns ‎·black and white and charred ‎ ‎·swollen; often tissue under them can be seen ‎·little or no pain if nerves are damaged； may be pain around edge of injured area.‎ heal [hiːl] vi.&vt.(使)康复；(使)化解 take a few weeks to heal需要几周康复/痊愈 severe adj.十分严重的；极为恶劣的 severe sunburn严重的晒伤 过去分词短语caused by hot liquids作后置定语，修饰burns。‎ tissue ['tIʃuː] n．(生物)组织；薄的织物；手巾纸 electric shock触电；电休克 swollen ['swəʊlən] adj.肿胀的 swell [swel] vi.&vt. (swelled, swollen/swelled)(使)膨胀；隆起 mildly ['maIldlI] adv.轻微地；温和地 mildly用作程度状语，相当于slightly。‎ turn link v．使成为；转变成 when pressed是省略了主语和be动词的时间状语从句。该句补全为：when they are pressed。‎ rough adj.粗糙的 blister ['blIstə] n．水泡 vi.&vt.(使)起泡 watery ['wɔːtərI] adj.(似)水的 char [tʃɑː] vi.烧焦 nerve [nɜːv] n．神经；胆量 damage vt.损坏；损伤 ‎[第5～7段译文]‎ 二度烧伤　这种烧伤既损伤了皮肤的表层，又损伤了皮肤的第二层。这类烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需要几周才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。‎ 三度烧伤　所有三层皮肤以及皮下组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的严重烧伤。这些烧伤都导致严重损伤，受伤者必须立即被送往医院。‎ 烧伤的特征 一度烧伤　•干燥、发红、微肿　•微痛　•受压时变白 二度烧伤　•粗糙、发红、肿胀　•起水泡　•表面有水　•极其疼痛 三度烧伤 ‎•黑、白和焦炭色相间 ‎•肿胀，常可看到皮下组织 ‎•若损坏了神经，则很少疼痛或没有疼痛，或者在创伤面四周有疼痛感 First aid treatment ‎1　Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.‎ ‎2　Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.‎ scissors ['sIzəz] n．(pl.)剪刀 if necessary为省略形式，其完整句式为if it is necessary。‎ stick to粘在……上；坚持 take off拿掉；取掉 jewellery n. [U]珠宝(总称)‎ cool在此处为及物动词，意为“使……凉下来”。‎ icy adj.冰的；冰冷的 it为形式主语，动词不定式短语to place burns ...为真正的主语。‎ unbearable [ʌn'beərəbl] adj.难以忍受的；不能容忍的 ‎[第8～9段译文]‎ 急救处理 ‎1　除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则要把它去除，必要时可使用剪刀。脱去烧伤附近的其他衣 物和首饰。‎ ‎2　马上用凉水给伤口降温，但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的水下冲洗大 约10分钟。(凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，可以防止无法忍受的疼，还可以消除肿胀。)三 度烧伤不可以用冷水冲洗。‎ ‎3　For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.‎ ‎4　Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.‎ ‎5　Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on ‎ burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.‎ ‎6　If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.‎ ‎7　If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.‎ put back放回 basin ['beIsn] n．盆；盆地，a basin of ...一盆……‎ squeeze [skwiːz] vt.&vi.榨；挤；压榨 squeeze out榨出；挤出 over and over again反复；多次 wound n．创伤；伤口；伤害 vt.使受伤；伤害 infect vt.传染；感染 bandage ['bændIdʒ] n．绷带 in place在适当的位置；适当 tape n．胶带 ointment ['ɔIntmənt] n．药膏；油膏 infection [In'fekʃn] n．传染；传染病；感染 if possible为条件状语从句的省略。该句补全为：if it is possible。‎ sit up坐直；(使)坐起 vital ['vaItl] adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的 It is vital to do sth.做某事是至关重要的。‎ ‎[第10～14段译文]‎ ‎3　对于一度烧伤，要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻时为止。对于二 度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需要把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后，再放在烧伤面上，这样 反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。‎ ‎4　轻轻地把烧伤面弄干。但不要擦拭，因为这样会擦破水泡，使伤口感染。‎ ‎5　用干燥、清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面。在适当位置用胶布把绷带固定住。千万 不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或油膏，因为这会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。‎ ‎6　如果烧伤部位在臂部或腿部，要把手臂或腿部尽可能抬高到高于心脏的位置。如果是 面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。‎ ‎7　如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院是至关重要的。‎ Prereading Please match the words with their proper meanings.‎ ‎1．temporary　　　　 A．be unable to breathe ‎2．choke B．for a short time ‎3．complex C．become greater in volume, thickness or force ‎4．swell D．complicated; not simple ‎5．Squeeze E．cause to flow in a continuous stream ‎6．pour F．press something hard ‎7．aid G．necessary or essential in order for sth. to succeed or exist ‎8．variety H．food, etc.that is sent to help those in a difficult situation ‎9．vital I．several different sorts of the samething ‎10．injury J．hurt, damage, harm ‎1～5　________　　6～10　________‎ 答案：1～5　BADCF　6～10　EHIGJ Leadin Look at the pictures and answer the following question.‎ Nowadays there are a lot of unexpected accidents. What would you do in such situations？(list at least two methods)‎ ‎　‎ ‎ (Ⅰ)‎ ‎1.Check_to_see_if_he_is_breathing.‎ ‎2．Try_to_start_his_breathing.‎ ‎ (Ⅱ)‎ ‎1.Call_for_a_doctor_or_an_ambulance.‎ ‎2．Lift_the_car_safely_and_take_him_or_her_to_hospital_at_once.‎ ‎ (Ⅲ)‎ ‎1.Call_119_first_and_tell_them_the_exact_address_on_the_phone.‎ ‎2．Call_120_to_ask_for_an_ambulance_if_someone_is_badly_burnt.‎ Whilereading Fastreading ‎1．What’s the main idea of the text?‎ The_main_idea_of_the_text_is_the_burns_and_the_first_aid_treatment.‎ ‎2．Why doesn’t a third degree burn hurt?‎ Because_in_a_third_degree_burn_the_nerves_are_damaged.If_there_are_no_nerves,_there_is_no_pain.‎ ‎3．The text is divided into five parts.In which order are these topics covered？Number them from 1 to 5.‎ ‎__3__ the three types of burns ‎__5__ what to do if someone gets burned ‎__1__ the functions of the skin ‎__4__ the symptoms of burns ‎__2__ how we get burned Carefulreading Read the text and choose the best answers.‎ ‎1．The largest organ of your body is the ________.‎ A．brain　　　　　　　　　B．mouth C．stomach D．skin ‎2．Which of the following is NOT the function of the skin according to the text?‎ A．It protects you against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays.‎ B．It helps the heart beat.‎ C．It can keep you warm or cool.‎ D．It prevents your body from losing water and gives the sense of touch.‎ ‎3．Which of the following first aid treatments is RIGHT according to the text?‎ A．Take clothing off the burned area even though it is stuck to the burn.‎ B．Do not put cold water on second degree burns.‎ C．If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.‎ D．If the injuries are second degree burns, it is unnecessary to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.‎ ‎4．If someone gets burned and his hands get black and white and charred (烧焦的；烧黑的), it belongs to ________.‎ A．the first degree B．the second degree C．the third degree D．none of the above 答案：1～4　DBCC Studyreading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.‎ ‎1．Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　通常情况下这种疾病或损伤不是很严重，但也有一些时候迅速实施急救能挽救生命。‎ ‎2．So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　因此，你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。‎ ‎3．Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则要把它去除，必要时可使用剪刀。‎ 对应课时作业与题型训练P153‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life. In many emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim’s condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make a difference.‎ Firstaid measures depend upon the victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪)．‎ Despite the variety of injuries, several principles of first aid can apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The ‎ victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking people around or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.‎ First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether lifethreatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim’s condition is known as the acronym (首字母缩略词) ABC, which stands for：‎ A—Airway: Is it open and clear?‎ B—Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.‎ C—Circulation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲的是急救的重要性以及如何实施急救。‎ ‎1.First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT ________.‎ A．saving a victim’s life B．preventing a victim’s condition from getting worse C．relieving a victim from pain D．helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It may save ... provide relief from pain.”可知A、B、C三项的内容均为急救的作用。再根据对急救的描述可知，急救不能避免突发的疾病或伤害。‎ ‎2．Before we offer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us to ________.‎ A．make sure what to do and what not to do B．refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid C．remove the medical card he/she may take D．take him/her to a hospital at once 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Knowing what not to do ... knowing what to do.”可知A项正确。‎ ‎3．When giving first aid to a victim, you should first of all ________.‎ A．remove him/her from the accident scene B．turn him/her over C．call for professional medical help D．examine him/her carefully 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句话“The first step is to call for professional medical help.”可知，首先是寻找专业的医疗帮助，故选C。‎ ‎4．You may assess a victim’s condition by all the following EXCEPT ________.‎ A．checking whether there is a pulse B．looking, listening and feeling for breathing C．measuring his/her blood pressure D．examining whether the airway is open and clear 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知A、B、D三项均表述正确，而C项没有提及，故应选C。‎ B Preparing for a medical emergency involving your pet is always best accomplished before the event takes place. This series is designed to help guide you through the important decisions about first aid, as well as how and when to transport your pet quickly and safely to a veterinary hospital or emergency access.‎ VeterinaryPartner.com has provided this complete reference book online for you to skim through, expanding your knowledge of the dog’s and cat’s first aid. However, we encourage you to buy the book to keep in your home or car as a quick reference during an emergency.‎ This book is an emergency preparedness ready reference for dogs and cats. Wise preventive measures, intelligent use of first aid principles, coupled with recognition of abnormal symptoms and treatment of disorders, diseases, and problems, lead to effective health care.‎ A working knowledge of this information will help you get rid of some potentially dangerous circumstances and help you prepare for emergency situations.‎ It includes information on what to do and what not to do in specific emergency situations. The authors encourage careful reading and occasional rereading. We have tried to make this book easy to understand, avoiding technical terms as often as possible, but defining them in context when they are necessary.‎ 语篇解读：如果你的宠物狗或猫生病了或需要实施急救怎么办？本文将给你推荐一本既可以在网上浏览也可以购买的参考书。‎ ‎5．What’s the purpose of this passage?‎ A．To introduce a book, a reference about first aid for dogs and cats.‎ B．To introduce a website.‎ C．To introduce a working knowledge.‎ D．To encourage careful reading.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。纵观全文可以看出，文章向我们介绍了一本(可以在网上浏览，也可以购买的)关于宠物狗、宠物猫疾病诊断及急救的参考书。‎ ‎6．Why are we advised to buy the book?‎ A．Because it’s very cheap.‎ B．Because it contains a working knowledge of information about dogs and cats.‎ C．Because it contains information on specific emergency situations.‎ D．Because you can keep it at hand and find knowledge of the dog’s or cat’s first aid in case of an emergency.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第二段可知，如果买下这本书放在家里或者车里，就可以在狗或猫遇到紧急情况的时候，在书中查阅到有关知识，以便实施急救。‎ ‎7．Which is NOT true about the book?‎ A．It can enlarge the readers’ knowledge of the dog’s and cat’s first aid.‎ B．It contains the knowledge of recognition of abnormal symptoms of dogs and cats.‎ C．Although it contains a lot of technical terms, it is easy to understand.‎ D．You can read it on VeterinaryPartner.com.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由最后一段可知，该书通俗易懂，因为它尽可能地避免了使用专业术语(technical terms)，由此判断C项表述错误。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined word “veterinary” mean in Paragraph 1?‎ A．应急的　　　　　　　 B．兽医的 C．紧急的 D．资助的 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由前文的“transport your pet ...(将你的宠物送到……)”‎ 可知动物病了，肯定是送到宠物医院，所以该单词的意思是“兽医的”。‎ C Bethany Simpson, a pupil at St Columb Major Academy, Cornwall, bravely stepped in when her stepfather Robert Hoskins stopped breathing on March 15. She delivered CPR (心肺复苏术) before the ambulance arrived.‎ Bethany’s mother Jane and Robert were watching TV in bed when both of them had fallen asleep, but Jane woke up and noticed Robert’s breathing had become weak and hard. Jane quickly called 999 and followed the operator’s advice, including moving him onto his side to make him more comfortable. But when Robert stopped breathing completely and the operator told her to give CPR, Jane completely froze.‎ ‎“I panicked (恐慌) and said ’I can’t do it’，” said Jane. “Fortunately, Bethany heard me scream, came into the bedroom and said ’It’s OK, Mum. I know what to do.’ She was so confident and took charge.” Bethany performed CPR that kept Robert alive.‎ Robert, who is now recovering at home, said, “I would just like to sincerely thank St John Ambulance for teaching the children first aid. If it wasn’t for them and Bethany, I wouldn’t be here.” The tenyearold says she doesn’t believe she is a hero. “I’m just glad my dad is still here，” she added.‎ Both Robert and Jane believe the government should ask all schools to teach first aid. “This incident just shows why it’s important to teach everyone first aid — especially in schools，” said Jane.“Without my daughter and the training St John Ambulance gave her, Robert would be dead and I would be heartbroken. I’m so proud of Bethany and so grateful.”‎ 语篇解读：一位10岁的小女孩在继父心脏病发作时，给他实施心肺复苏术，使继父得救。‎ ‎9．When the operator told Jane to give CPR, she ________.‎ A．followed the advice B．called an ambulance C．didn’t know what to do D．asked her daughter for help 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段“I panicked (恐慌) and said ’I can’t do it’，” said Jane.可知，简不知道如何实施心脏复苏术。‎ ‎10．We can infer from the text that Bethany ________.‎ A．had trouble performing CPR B．hadn’t learned CPR before the incident C．was taught how to perform CPR by phone D．had some knowledge of CPR before the incident 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第三段最后两句和第四段“I would just like to sincerely thank St John Ambulance for teaching the children first aid”以及最后一段倒数第二句可推知，Bethany在继父的事发生之前接受过CPR的培训。‎ ‎11．What did Jane learn from the incident?‎ A．It’s easy for one to master first aid.‎ B．First aid is especially useful to kids.‎ C．Everyone should be equipped with firstaid knowledge.‎ D．Children should be taught first aid as early as possible.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。分析最后一段可知，简从这个事件中体会到急救知识的重要性，并强调所有学校都应该教给孩子这项技能。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 How to change the world You want to change the world, but you aren’t sure where to start. First, remember that changing the world can mean so many different things.‎ Understand what’s wrong.‎ ‎__1__ The world is such a big place, so you won’t be able to change much if you don’t understand what’s going on out there. Try to learn about what is happening both home and abroad.‎ Know that change doesn’t come overnight.‎ ‎__2__ Try to live your values each day, even if you don’t see much change on a daytoday level. Work hard and don’t give up.‎ Start small.‎ Find ways to make a difference every day. It may feel as though you are just one tiny part of a huge system. At first, you almost certainly will be. Be patient. __3__ Try to put your activism into practice and make it a reality.‎ ‎__4__‎ Write letters to newspapers; post an article, video, or idea on the Internet; wear a ‎ special Tshirt. If you think that it is important and worthy of attention, try to raise awareness (意识) by telling as many people as you can.‎ Consider a career (事业)．‎ Think about which sort of job might put you in the best position to change the world. __5__ There are a lot of ways to get paid for adding value to the world. Start researching to find jobs in fields that feel valuable.‎ A．Read the news.‎ B．Spread the word.‎ C．All things begin small.‎ D．Remember that you don’t need to do it alone.‎ E．You could be a teacher, a reporter, or something else.‎ F．There are other, less public ways to show your support!‎ G．Don’t expect to change the world with one big, heroic act.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了改变世界的几种方法。‎ ‎1．选A　由该段小标题Understand what’s wrong和段中的“Try to learn about what is happening both home and abroad”可知，要改变世界，首先得多看新闻，了解目前国内外的形势，哪些问题需要改进，故选A项。‎ ‎2．选G　由该段小标题Know that change doesn’t come overnight和段中的“Try to live your values each day”可知，任何改变都不是一夜之间就发生的，所以不要想着通过一次英勇的行为就改变世界，故选G项。‎ ‎3．选C　由该段小标题Start small可知，要从点滴做起，C项内容符合此处语境。‎ ‎4．选B　由该段中的“Write letters to newspapers ... wear a special Tshirt”等信息可知，要让大家知道你的想法，故用B项作为小标题最恰当。‎ ‎5．选E　由该段小标题Consider a career和段中的“Think about which sort of job ... to change the world”可知，这里谈论职业的选择，故选E项。‎ Section_ⅡWarming_Up_&_Reading_—_Language_Points 一、这样记单词 1. 记得准·写得对 2. 记得快·记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 1. temporary adj.　　　暂时的；临时的 2. choke vi.&vt. (使)噎住；(使)窒息 3. organ n. 器官 4. barrier n. 屏障；障碍(物)‎ 5. complex adj. 复杂的 6. liquid n. 液体 7. scissors n．(pl.) 剪刀 8. squeeze vt.&vi. 榨；挤；压榨 9. vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的 10. symptom n. 症状；征兆 11. pour vt.&vi. 倒；灌；注；涌 12. damp adj. 潮湿的 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1. bleed vi.&vt.流血→blood n．血；血液 2. injury n．损伤；伤害→injure vt.使受伤；弄伤→injured adj.受伤的 3. poison n．毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的 4. mild adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地 5. swell vi.&vt.(使)膨胀；隆起→swollen adj.肿胀的 6. unbearable adj.难以忍受的；不能容忍的→bearable adj.可忍受的；能应付的→bear v．忍受 ‎7. variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→vary vi.变化；变动→various adj.各种各样的 1. temporary adj.暂时的；临时的 ‎[反义]　permanent adj.永久的 ‎[联想]　contemporary adj.当代的；同时代的 organ n．器官 ‎[联想]　器官及身体部位相关词汇集锦 ‎①lung n．肺　　　　　②liver n．肝 ‎③skin n．皮；皮肤 ④ankle n．踝(关节)‎ ‎⑤wrist n．手腕 ⑥tissue n．(生物)组织 2. liquid n．液体 ‎[联想]　物质的各种存在形式 ‎①solid n．固体 adj.结实的；固体的 ‎ ‎②steam n．蒸汽；水蒸气 ‎③gas n．煤气；气体 3. scissors n．(pl.)剪刀 ‎[规律]　一些成双成对的名词通常只有复数形式，常见的还有：‎ ‎①jeans牛仔裤　②headphones耳机　③trousers裤子 ‎④glasses眼镜 ⑤shoes鞋子 ⑥compasses圆规 4. vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的 ‎[同义]　important; of great importance ‎6. aid n．&vt.帮助；援助；资助 ‎[联想]　“帮助”家族 ‎①help n．&vt.帮助　　　　②assist vt.帮助；协助 ‎③support n．&vt.支持；帮助 ④sponsor vt.赞助 ‎⑤fund vt.资助 ⑥do sb. a favour帮助某人 ‎⑦give/lend sb. a hand帮助某人 ‎7. 与“急救”有关的词汇 ‎①poison n．&vt.毒药；使中毒　　②injury n．损伤；伤害 ‎③choke vi.&vt.(使)噎住；(使)窒息 ④bleed vi.&vt.流血 ‎⑤treat vt.&vi.治疗 ⑥cure vt.治愈 ‎⑦apply vt.涂；敷 ⑧first aid急救 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.first_aid　　　　　　　(对伤患者的)急救 ‎2．fall_ill 生病 ‎3．get_injured 受伤 ‎4．a_variety_of 各种各样的 ‎5．electric_shock 触电；电休克 ‎1.an essential part　　　　　　　　必不可少的部分 ‎2．a barrier against ... 抵御……的一道屏障 ‎3．a sense of touch 触觉 ‎4．within a day or two 一两天内 ‎6．squeeze_out 榨出；挤出 ‎7．over_and_over_again 反复；多次 ‎8．in_place 在适当的位置；适当 ‎5．tissue and organs under the skin 皮下组织和器官 ‎6．take off 脱掉 ‎7．icy water 冰水 ‎8．get infected 感染 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.... it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.‎ ‎……正是皮肤使你感到冷、热或疼痛，它还使你有触觉。‎ where在句中引导表语从句，表示“……的地方”，相当于the place where，在表语从句中作地点状语。‎ He wants to go to Paris, but I want to go to London; that’s_where_we_differ.‎ 他想去巴黎，但我想去伦敦，那就是我们的分歧所在。‎ ‎2.So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.‎ 因此，你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。‎ as引导非限制性定语从句，as 在句中作宾语，指代后面主句所表述的内容。‎ As_we_all_know,_it is vital to obey traffic rules.‎ 我们大家都知道，遵守交通规则是十分重要的。‎ ‎3.Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.‎ 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则要把它脱掉，必要时可使用剪刀。‎ if necessary为省略句，补全后为：if it is necessary。‎ If_necessary,_I’ll go there myself. ‎ 如果有必要的话，我将亲自去那儿一趟。‎ ‎1．(教材P33)First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.‎ 急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人给予临时性的帮助。‎ aid n．&vt.帮助；援助；资助 ‎(1)first aid　　　　　　　　　 (对伤患者的)急救 with the aid of sb.＝with sb.’s aid 在某人的帮助下 come to one’s aid 来帮助某人 ‎(2)aid sb.in (doing) sth. 在某方面帮助某人 aid sb.with sth. 以某物帮助某人 aid sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 ‎①A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation.‎ 一个人立刻冲向那位姑娘给予急救，我也毫不犹豫地加入这一行列。‎ ‎②I couldn’t speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.‎ 我不会说法语，但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。‎ 他决定帮助这个可怜的女孩完成学业。‎ fall ill生病 ‎①She had to stay at home because her son fell ill yesterday.‎ 昨天因为儿子生病她得待在家里。‎ ‎[辨析比较]　fall ill, be ill fall ill 强调突然病倒。短暂性动词短语，不与表示一段时间的状语连用 be ill 表示生病的状态。延续性动词短语，可与表示一段时间的状语连用 ‎②The teacher fell_ill suddenly while she was giving class. Since then she has_been_ill for half a year.‎ 那位老师上课时突然生病。自那时起她已经病了半年了。‎ ‎[名师点津]　fall短语大集合 ‎①fall silent　　　　　　　 安静下来 ‎②fall asleep 入睡；睡着 ‎③fall in love with ... 爱上……‎ ‎④fall into the habit of ... 形成……习惯 ‎⑤fall into debt 欠债 ‎2．(教材P33)Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives.‎ 通常情况下这种疾病或损伤不是很严重，但也有一些时候迅速实施急救能挽救生命。‎ injury n．损伤；伤害 do an injury to sb.＝ do sb. an injury 伤害某人 be an injury/injuries to sb./sth. 对某人/某物的伤害 ‎①Don’t do that. You’ll do yourself an injury.‎ 别那样做。你会把自己弄伤的。‎ ‎②What you said was an injury to her fame.‎ 你所说的话有损她的名声。‎ ‎3．(教材P34)You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.‎ 你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或火等)、阳光、电或化学物品。‎ variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)‎ ‎(1)a variety of ＝ varieties of 各种各样的 ‎(2)various adj.＝ varieties of/a variety of 各种各样的；不同种类的 ‎①Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. (2017·浙江高考)‎ 要确保你在随机采访时能够得到各种不同的答案。‎ ‎②There are ways of cooking an egg.‎ ‎ 有各种各样烹饪鸡蛋的方法。‎ ‎[名师点津]　“a variety of ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词使用复数；“the variety of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词使用单数。‎ ‎③There are a large variety of flowers on sale in the market, while the variety of what he prefers is limited.‎ 市场上销售各种各样的鲜花，但是他能中意的品种却不多。‎ ‎4．(教材P34)For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.‎ 对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需要把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。‎ squeeze vt.&vi.榨；挤；压榨 squeeze into/in　　　　　　挤入；塞进 squeeze out 榨出；挤出 squeeze through 挤过 ‎①The bus was full, but I managed to squeeze in.‎ 公交车里很拥挤，但是我还是设法挤了进去。‎ ‎②You should squeeze out some time to visit your old friends.‎ 你应该挤出些时间去拜访你的老朋友。‎ ‎③The dog squeezed through the small hole in the wall.‎ 那条狗挤过了小小的墙洞。 ‎ ‎5．(教材P35)Hold the bandage in place with tape.‎ 用胶布在适当的位置把绷带固定住。‎ in place在适当的位置；适当 写出下列句中in place的含义 ‎①The librarian put the returned books in place.在适当的位置 ‎②Her dress was quite in place at the party.适当 out of place　　　　　　 不合适；不在恰当的位置 in the first place 首先；第一 in place of 代替 ‎③In_the_first_place,_I’d like to tell you something about the weather in my city, which is often windy and very cold in winter.‎ 首先，我想给你们介绍一下我所在城市的天气，多风而且冬天非常寒冷。‎ ‎④The doctor advised her to eat more bean products in_place_of meat which might be harmful to her heart disease.‎ 医生建议她多吃豆制品代替可能对心脏病有害的肉类。‎ ‎6．(教材P35)If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.‎ 如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院是至关重要的。‎ vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的 be of vital importance　　　　 ……是至关重要的 be vital to/for ... 对……极为重要的 It is vital to do ... 做……很重要 It is vital that ... (should) do sth. ……是十分重要的 ‎①What he did is of vital importance.‎ 他做的事是至关重要的。‎ ‎②As far as we all are concerned, consideration for other people is_vital_to/for all of us.‎ 对我们所有人而言，体谅别人是极其重要的。‎ ‎③As for the work, it is vital to_keep (keep) accurate records.‎ 就这项工作而言，做好准确的记录非常重要。‎ ‎④If we are to make a difference in life, it’s_vital_that we (should) begin with small things.(2014·湖北高考)‎ 我们要想在生活中发挥作用，重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。‎ ‎7．(教材P35)Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin. ‎ 山姆弄破了水泡，还从冰箱里取出冰水敷在皮肤上。‎ pour vt.&vi.倒；灌；注；涌；不断涌向；下大雨 pour in/into　　　　　 涌进 pour out of 从……中涌出来 pour down (雨)倾盆而降 pour out 倾诉 ‎①The Great Wall is such a wellknown tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.‎ 长城是个如此有名气的旅游景点，每年都有数以百万计的游客蜂拥而至。 ‎ ‎②The crazy football fans poured_out_of the stadium cheering wildly. ‎ 狂热的足球迷们欣喜若狂地从体育场中蜂拥而出。‎ ‎③She poured out her trouble to me over a cup of coffee.‎ 她边喝咖啡边向我倾诉她的苦恼。‎ ‎1．...it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.‎ ‎……正是皮肤使你感到冷、热或疼痛，它还使你有触觉。‎ 本句中where you feel cold, heat or pain是where引导的表语从句，where表示“……的地方”，相当于the place where，在表语从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎①This is where Africa’s great rivers begin.‎ 非洲的大河都是从这里发源的。 ‎ ‎②Beijing is where you can see ancient and modern cultures.‎ 在北京你会看到古代文化，也会看到现代文化。‎ ‎2．So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.‎ 因此，你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。‎ 句中as引导非限制性定语从句，并且在从句中作宾语，指代的是“if your skin gets burned it can be very serious”。‎ as 引导定语从句的常用句式有：‎ as is known to all　　　　　众所周知 as we all know 我们都知道 as we can see 正如我们所看到的 as is reported 正如报道的那样 as is often the case 这是常有的事 as was mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 ‎①As is known to all, shoes play an important role in our life, for they can protect our feet from being hurt. (2014·湖南高考标准范文)‎ 众所周知，鞋子在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用，因为它们能保护我们的脚免受伤害。‎ ‎②The hall, as_is_often_the_case,_becomes very crowded.‎ 大厅里变得非常拥挤，情况常常如此。‎ ‎③As was_reported (report), over twenty people were killed in the terrible accident.‎ 正如报道的那样，二十多人死于这起严重的事故。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．My professor aided me to_continue (continue) my study.‎ ‎2．People like to live a life full of variety (various)．‎ ‎3．I squeezed myself into/in a crowded bus with great difficulty.‎ ‎4．Having been working too hard in the last few months, he fell (fall) ill suddenly.‎ ‎5．He made up his mind that he wouldn’t do her an injury.‎ ‎6．You’d better put things back in place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find ‎ them.‎ ‎7．As everyone can see, education is vital to/for the country’s future.‎ ‎8．Some students often pour out their trouble to the teachers.‎ ‎9．We have a lot in common; that is where we can cooperate.‎ ‎10．As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 a variety of， squeeze through， out of place， pour down， as you can see， be ill， do first aid， do sb. an injury ‎1．Her husband has_been_ill for a long time and is unable to work.‎ ‎2．The girl is badly injured. You’d better do_first_aid to her before taking her to hospital.‎ ‎3．If you try and lift that heavy suitcase, you will do_yourself_an_injury.‎ ‎4．There will be a_variety_of exhibits in the exhibition in Italy.‎ ‎5．He managed to squeeze_through the crowd at last.‎ ‎6．Some of these books are out_of_place,_making the whole room messy.‎ ‎7．—When did she get injured?‎ ‎—It was at midnight when rain was pouring_down.‎ ‎8．(2014·北京高考满分作文)As_you_can_see in the picture, many students are riding bikes to school.‎ 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．As everybody knows, cancer doesn’t show any symptoms (症状) in its early stages.‎ ‎2．(2016·天津高考)Day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue (疲惫) became almost unbearable (难以忍受的). ‎ ‎3．The skin, whose functions are very complex, is our body’s largest organ which acts as a barrier (屏障) against disease and the sun’s harmful rays. ‎ ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Try to make the hole in a damp (潮湿的) area to increase the ‎ water catcher’s productivity. ‎ ‎5．We would have put John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury (受伤)．‎ ‎6．(2015·安徽高考)If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety (多样性)．‎ ‎7．It was vital (至关重要的) to show that he was not afraid.‎ ‎8．(2017·北京高考)The magazine makes complex (复杂的) ideas attractive and accessible to children. ‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Don’t eat the food that has gone bad, or you will be ill.‎ be→fall ‎2．With aid of a compass the traveler can find the land.With后加the ‎3．There is a wide variety of flowers in the park.is→are ‎4．To squeeze more juice out of, you’d better cut up the apples before you put them in the machine.去掉of ‎5．Don’t take anything away. Mother likes everything to be in the place.去掉the ‎6．The rain came pouring out, and of course the track meeting was canceled.out→down ‎7．He said mild to me that he didn’t mean to upset me.mild→mildly ‎8．Please stay which you are and wait until I come back.which→where Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．Caught in a heavy rain on his way home, he fell_ill and couldn’t but ask for a leave.‎ 由于回家途中遇上大雨，他生病了，只能请假。‎ ‎2．There’s no denying that the attack did_a_severe_injury_to his reputation.‎ 不可否认，这次攻击对他的名誉造成了严重的损害。‎ ‎3．(2015·广东高考写作)With such a technique, examiners are able to provide_various/a_variety_of/varieties_of_suggestions_on appropriate ways of exercise for examinees.‎ 拥有这项技术，检测人员能够向受测者提供各种关于正确锻炼方式的建议。‎ ‎4．In_the_first_place,_I think it very important to make more friends abroad.‎ 首先，我认为在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。‎ ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I think it_is_vital_to_you to borrow a history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you better understand the poems to be learned.‎ 我认为你借一本历史书提前学习唐朝的历史是非常重要的，这能帮助你更好地理解将要学习的诗歌。‎ ‎6．The book is where_you_left_it. ‎ 书在你原来放的地方。‎ ‎7．(2014·陕西高考满分作文)As_is_known_to_you,_our school is unique in English teaching and studying for all the students.‎ 正如你知道的那样，我们学校在英语教学方面非常独特。‎ ‎8．Practice_it_over_and_over_again until you remember it.‎ 反复练习直到记住它。‎ Ⅳ.课文语法填空 The skin, which acts as a barrier 1.against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays, is an essential part of your body.So if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. Depending on 2.which layers of the skin are burned, burns are called first, second, third degree burns. First degree burns have an effect 3.on only the top layer of the skin and it turns white when 4.pressed (press)．Second degree burns include severe sunburn and burns 5.caused (cause) by hot liquids. Third degree burns cause little or no pain if nerves are damaged. If possible, we should do some first aid. First, remove clothing using scissors if necessary 6.unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.‎ Cool burns immediately with cool 7.but not icy water which prevents the pain becoming 8.unbearable (bear) and reduces swelling. It is 9.helpful (help) to squeeze cool cloths out from a basin and place them on the burned area over and over again. Hold the bandage 10.in place with tape if necessary. Lastly, it is vital that we should get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once if the situation becomes worse and worse.‎ Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达 在日常生活中，有人会突然轻度(mildly)烧伤(burnt)、突然生病(fall ‎ ill)或中毒(poison)。我们经常需要实施一些临时的(temporary)救治。为了正确地实施急救(first aid)，我们要了解多种(a variety of)常见的症状(symptom)，并反复(over and over again)练习急救的步骤(process)。总之，急救极其重要(vital)。‎ In_our_daily_life,_we_often_need_to_do_some_temporary__treatments__when_someone_is_mildly_burnt,_falls_ill_or_becomes_poisoned_suddenly._In_order_to_perform_first_aid_properly,_we_must_know_about_a_variety_of_common_symptoms_and_practice_the_first_aid_process_over_and_over_again._In_a_word,_first_aid_is_of_vital_importance.‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 Ⅰ.完形填空 Everyone wants to be healthy and happy. __1__， illness or accidents may occur without any __2__. Frequently the person who is __3__ can be cared for at home if there is someone who can __4__ him under the doctor’s __5__. Sometimes arrangements can be __6__ for a visiting nurse to give the necessary __7__ once a day, or often, if necessary. The responsible one at home __8__ on with the rest of the care during the interval (间隔) between the nurse’s __9__.‎ The rapid diagnosis (诊断) and __10__ treatment on the spot of an accident or sudden illness, __11__ waiting for the arrival of doctors, is called first aid and quite __12__ from the home nursing.‎ When illness does come, the __13__ family is affected. Many adjustments have to be made __14__ the family routine needn’t be disturbed (打乱) completely. Often it can be __15__ with home duties simplified (简化) to __16__ time and energy, thus reducing strain (压力) on the family.‎ The __17__ work for giving nursing care is usually __18__ by one person, frequently the mother. __19__， in order that she may have some rest, or __20__ she herself is ill, other members of the family should learn how to help when sickness occurs.‎ 语篇解读：每个人都想健康、快乐，但疾病或事故难免发生，因此懂得一些家庭护理知识就尤为重要了。‎ ‎1． A.Sometimes　　　　　　　 B．Unfortunately C．Actually D．Naturally 解析：选B　sometimes“有时”；unfortunately“不幸地”；actually“事实上”‎ ‎；naturally“自然地”。上文说“人人都想健康快乐”，然后笔锋一转，“________，疾病或事故可能会没有预兆地降临”，上下文有明显的句意转折，只有unfortunately可以表达出这层意义。‎ ‎2． A.reason B．notice C．warning D．signal 解析：选C　reason表示“原因”；notice表示“通知”；warning表示“警报”；signal表示“信号”。without warning意为“没有预兆；没有警报”，“疾病或事故可能会没有预兆地降临”，与上文中的“人人都想健康快乐”相呼应。‎ ‎3． A.weak B．patient C．ill D．healthy 解析：选C　weak表示“虚弱的”；patient表示“耐心的”；ill表示“生病的”；healthy表示“健康的”。因前面提到“疾病”，后面又提到cared for，由此可以推知C项正确。‎ ‎4． A.wait for B．look for C．look after D．look at 解析：选C　wait for“等待”；look for“寻找”；look after“照顾”；look at“看……”。生病的人应是得到家人的照顾，即选择“look after”。‎ ‎5． A.introduction B．control C．decision D．direction 解析：选D　introduction“介绍”；control“控制”；decision“决定”；direction“指导”。家人对病人的照顾，应在医生的指导(direction)下进行。‎ ‎6． A.done B．made C．placed D．supplied 解析：选B　词组make arrangements为固定短语，意思是“作安排”。‎ ‎7． A.look B．cure C．treatment D．training 解析：选C　look“看”；cure“治愈”；treatment“治疗”；training“训练”。根据上下文意思，此处应指“治疗”。‎ ‎8． A.works B．carries C．looks D．depends 解析：选B　work on表示“继续工作”；carry on表示“继续开展，继续进行”；look on表示“袖手旁观”；depend on表示“依靠”。由句意可知此处应选B。‎ ‎9． A.words B．letters C．visits D．hopes 解析：选C　word表示“话语，单词”；letter表示“信件，字母”；visit表示“探望，参观”；hope表示“希望”。家人在家照顾病人，但护士还要按时过来看看，因此C项为正确答案。‎ ‎10．A.immediate B．quick C．early D．late 解析：选A　immediate表示“即刻的，直接的”；quick表示“迅速的”；early表示“早的”；late表示“晚的，迟到的”。一旦发生事故，我们应该立刻进行急救，因此应用immediate。‎ ‎11．A.before B．while C．as D．where 解析：选B　before表示“在……之前”；while表示“在……的时候”；as表示“当……的时候”；where表示“到……的地方”。急救应是在等医生到来的过程中进行。‎ ‎12．A.similar B．different C．urgent D．separate 解析：选B　similar“相似的”，常与to连用；different“不同的”，常与from连用，表示“与……不同”；urgent“紧急的”；separate“单独的，各自的”。此处指“急救和家庭护理有很大不同”。‎ ‎13．A.big B．half C．whole D．all 解析：选C　big表示“大的”；half表示“一半的”；whole表示“整个的”，位于冠词the的后面；all表示“所有的”，位于冠词the的前面。指整个家庭时要用“the whole family”。‎ ‎14．A.and B．but C．unless D．since 解析：‎ 选B　上下文有明显的转折关系。句意：需要作出许多调整，但正常的家庭常规没有必要被完全打乱。‎ ‎15．A.learned B．tried C．solved D．rearranged 解析：选D　learn表示“学习”；try表示“尝试”；solve表示“解决”；rearrange表示“重新安排”。既然不想完全打乱家庭常规，就必须对其进行重新安排。‎ ‎16．A.save B．waste C．get D．lose 解析：选A　save表示“节省，拯救”；waste表示“浪费”；get表示“得到”；lose表示“失去”。将家庭事务简单化，目的是节省(save)时间和精力。‎ ‎17．A.technical B．entire C．all D．reasonable 解析：选B　technical表示“技术的，工艺的”；entire表示“整个的，完全的”；all表示“所有的”；reasonable表示“合情合理的”。表达一整件事，应用entire。‎ ‎18．A.got B．done C．made D．sent 解析：选B　do the work表示“做工作”；get the work表示“得到工作”；make和send不与the work连用。‎ ‎19．A.Consequently B．Moreover C．Unexpectedly D．However 解析：选D　consequently“因此”；moreover“此外”；unexpectedly“出乎意料地”；however“然而”。上下文的意思有着明显的转折关系，应用however。‎ ‎20．A.in fact B．in case C．as a result D．on the contrary 解析：选B　in fact表示“事实上”，在句子中作状语；in case是连词，表示“万一”；as a result表示“因此”；on the contrary表示“相反”。由句意知此处应该用in case。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 It was a beautiful morning. My friend Bob had persuaded us have a country walk and picnic, start from his village. So soon as we left the village we found the footpath.‎ ‎ The sun began to get hotter as we walk across the fields. Sometimes we stopped to look at wild flowers, and Bob knew most of their name. After a few hours we reached for a lake and stopped to eat our sandwiches. It wasn’t until I sat down that I realised how much my feet hurt. I lay down for the rest, but no sooner had I closed my eyes that Bob said we should set off again. Final the village came into view. It was a great relieve to get back to Bob’s house!‎ 答案：第二句：have前加to; start→starting 第三句：So→As 第四句：walk→walked 第五句：name→names 第六句：去掉for 第八句：the→a; that→than 第九句：Final→Finally 第十句：relieve→relief Section_ⅢGrammar—_省略 语法图解 探究发现 ‎1．(You) Come in, please!‎ ‎2．John is a lawyer, and his wife (is) a cleaner.‎ ‎3. a．First degree burns turn white when (they are) pressed.‎ b．If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if (it is) possible.‎ ‎4. a．He is the man (who/whom/that) you can depend on.‎ b．There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills (that/which) he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.‎ ‎5．The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother did not allow him to (play football in the street)．‎ ‎6. It shows (that) a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)例句1为简单句中的省略。‎ ‎(2)例句2为并列句中的省略。‎ ‎(3)第1组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物，且由人称代词的主格担当，或当状语从句的主语为it，而且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。‎ ‎(4)第2组例句为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。‎ ‎(5)例句5为不定式的省略。有时可用不定式符号“to”来替代上文中出现的不定式。‎ ‎(6)例句6体现的是当及物动词之后跟由连接词that引导的宾语从句时，that可以省略。‎ 为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。‎ 在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：‎ 一、简单句中的省略 ‎1．省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。‎ ‎(You) Shut up!‎ 住嘴！‎ ‎(You) Want a hand?‎ 需要帮忙吗？‎ ‎(I) Beg your pardon.‎ 请再说一遍。‎ ‎(It) Doesn’t matter.‎ 没关系。‎ ‎2．省略宾语：当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。‎ ‎—Do you know Miss Gao?‎ ‎—I don’t know (her)．‎ ‎——你认识高女士吗？‎ ‎——不认识。‎ ‎3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。‎ ‎(You come) This way, please.‎ 请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语)‎ ‎(Have you) Got any ink?‎ 你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分)‎ ‎[即时演练1]　补全下列省略句 ‎①Have a seat, please!‎ You_have_a_seat,_please!‎ ‎②Looks like rain.‎ It_looks_like_rain.‎ ‎③Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you dry.‎ Let’s_do_the_dishes._I’ll_wash_and_you_dry_them/the_dishes.‎ ‎④Got any idea about the plan?‎ Have_you_got_any_idea_about_the_plan?‎ 二、并列句中的省略 在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。‎ ‎1．省略共同的主语或宾语。‎ Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher.‎ 汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。‎ ‎2．若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。‎ Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.‎ 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。‎ ‎3．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。‎ His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.‎ 他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。‎ ‎4．若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。‎ He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t (have a knowledge of first aid)．‎ 他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。‎ ‎[即时演练2]　写出下列句中可以省略的部分 ‎①Some of us study Japanese, and others study English.others后的study ‎②He gave up drinking several months, but he returned to his old way later.he ‎③My friend didn’t come to school, but I wonder why he/she didn’t come to ‎ school.he/she_didn’t_come_to_school 三、复合句中的省略 ‎1．状语从句的省略 ‎(1)在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。‎ Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning.‎ 木头燃烧时产生很多烟。‎ Whenever (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions. ‎ 只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。‎ Will you be free this Sunday? If (it is) so, let’s go camping.‎ 这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。‎ ‎[名师点津]　省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。‎ When (it is) heated, ice can be turned into water.‎ 加热的时候冰可以变成水。‎ ‎(2)在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。‎ They don’t use more water than (it is) necessary.‎ 他们使用的水没有超出需要量。‎ He runs as fast as Bob (runs)．‎ 他和鲍勃跑得一样快。‎ ‎[名师点津]　并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after, before, because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用动名词代替be动词。‎ Because he was ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.‎ ‎→Because of being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.(正)‎ ‎→Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.(正)‎ ‎→Because ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.(误)‎ 由于生病了，他没有出席会议。‎ ‎[即时演练3]‎ ‎(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①When surfing (surf) the Internet, I downloaded the film.‎ ‎②(2015·湖南高考改编)Video games can be a poor influence if left (leave) in the wrong hands.‎ ‎③He shook his head as if to_say (say) “no”．‎ ‎(2)把下列句子改为省略句 ‎①If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time. ‎ ‎→If_so,_I hope you will have a wonderful time.‎ ‎②The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.‎ ‎→The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as_in_Guangzhou.‎ ‎2．定语从句的省略 ‎(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略(但whom, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。‎ The exact year(which/that)Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.‎ 安哥拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。‎ ‎(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。‎ The way he speaks to us is really annoying.‎ 他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。‎ ‎[即时演练4]　写出下列句中可以省略的部分 ‎①(2014·江西高考改编)Among the many dangers which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.which ‎②(2014·陕西高考改编)Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.that ‎3．宾语从句的省略 ‎(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。‎ I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.(2015·北京高考单选)‎ 我真的相信美丽来自内心。‎ He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.‎ 他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。‎ ‎(2)when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。‎ I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city)．‎ 我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他什么时候来。‎ ‎[即时演练5]　写出下列句中可以省略的部分 ‎①Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.that ‎②She didn’t go to school yesterday. I don’t know why she didn’t go to school yesterday. she_didn’t_go_to_school_yesterday 四、其他的省略情况 ‎1．动词不定式的省略 ‎(1)当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。‎ You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to (answer the question)．‎ 如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。‎ ‎(2)某些使役动词，如：make, let, have等和感官动词，如：see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。‎ We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. ‎ She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态)‎ 我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。‎ ‎(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。‎ He likes to swim more than (to) skate.‎ 比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。‎ He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比较)‎ 他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。 ‎ ‎(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree, afford,‎ ‎ expect, forget, hope, know, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, would like等。‎ I would do it for you, but I don’t know how to (do it for you)．‎ 我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知怎么去做。‎ ‎(5)介词but, except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。‎ All he could do was nothing but wait and see.‎ 他所能做的只有等着瞧。‎ ‎(6)当不定式在be going to, be able to, have to, ought to, used to后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。‎ They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents)．‎ 他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。‎ ‎[名师点津]　①省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。‎ ‎②类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to, be going to, be about to, be supposed to, have to, used to及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。‎ He didn’t come, but he ought to have.‎ 他没来，但他应该来。‎ ‎—Are you a farmer?‎ ‎—No, but I used to be (a farmer)．‎ ‎——你是个农民吗？‎ ‎——不是，但我过去是。‎ ‎[即时演练6]　按要求做题 ‎①There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait.‎ ‎②We can do nothing but to give up.‎ ‎③He was noticed to leave the office.‎ ‎④The city now is much noisier than it used to be.‎ ‎⑤My mother wouldn’t let me to go to see the film.‎ ‎(1)以上句子中，加黑部分应省略的是：②⑤‎ ‎(2)不能省略的是：①③④‎ ‎2．使用so, not等时的省略 在英语中，可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。‎ ‎—Can you finish your work today?‎ ‎——你今天能完成工作吗？‎ ‎—I think so.‎ ‎——我认为能。‎ ‎—I don’t think so./I think not.‎ ‎——我认为不能。‎ ‎[名师点津]　hope, guess, be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not ... so的形式。‎ ‎—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?‎ ‎—I guess not.‎ ‎——男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？‎ ‎——我猜是没做好。‎ ‎[即时演练7]　补全句子 ‎①—Is he feeling better today?‎ ‎—I’m_afraid_not (恐怕没有好转)．‎ ‎②—Tom was injured, or he would have won the race.‎ ‎—I_think_so (我认为如此)．‎ ‎3．介词的省略 ‎(1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：‎ ‎①have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.‎ ‎②be busy (in) doing sth.‎ ‎③spend some time (in) doing sth.‎ ‎④stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.‎ The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.‎ 大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。‎ ‎(2)表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some等词之前时，一般省略。‎ We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.‎ 除星期天外，我们每天都上学。‎ ‎[即时演练8]　补全下列句中省略的介词 ‎①It was quite light and (at) any moment now the sun would rise.‎ ‎②There were plenty of empty seats (on) that night.‎ ‎③I have some trouble (in) learning English.‎ Ⅰ.将下列句子中省略的部分补全 ‎1．He was determined to carry out the plan, whatever the cost.‎ He_was_determined_to_carry_out_the_plan,_whatever_the_cost_was.‎ ‎2．He said the meeting was very important and that we all should attend it.‎ He_said_that_the_meeting_was_very_important_and_that_we_all_should_attend_it.‎ ‎3．If not well organized, the meeting will be a failure.‎ If_it_is_not_well_organized,_the_meeting_will_be_a_failure.‎ ‎4．Only one of us was injured, and he just slightly.‎ Only_one_of_us_was_injured,_and_he_was_injured_just_slightly.‎ ‎5．You can do it if you mean to.‎ You_can_do_it_if_you_mean_to_do_it.‎ ‎6．I don’t like the way she treated her students.‎ I_don’t_like_the_way_that/in_which_she_treated_her_students.‎ ‎7．Get up early tomorrow. If not, you will miss the first bus.‎ Get_up_early_tomorrow._If_you_don’t_get_up_early_tomorrow,_you_will_miss_the_first_bus.‎ ‎8．I shall start this week and return next week.‎ I_shall_start_in_this_week_and_return_next_week.‎ ‎9．While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.While_I_was_in_Beijing,_I_paid_a_visit_to_the_Summer_Palace.‎ ‎10．—Do you think our team will win?‎ ‎—I think so.‎ ‎—Do_you_think_our_team_will_win?‎ ‎—I_think_our_team_will_win.‎ ‎11．—He hasn’t finished it yet.‎ ‎—Well, he ought to have.‎ ‎—He_hasn’t_finished_it_yet.‎ ‎—Well,_he_ought_to_have_finished_it.‎ ‎12．—I listen to English every day over the radio.‎ ‎—Sounds interesting.‎ ‎—I_listen_to_English_every_day_over_the_radio.‎ ‎—It_sounds_interesting.‎ ‎13．The child wanted to go swimming, but her mother told her not to.‎ The_child_wanted_to_go_swimming,_but_her_mother_told_her_not_to_go_swimming.‎ ‎14．We spent a large sum of money building the house.‎ We_spent_a_large_sum_of_money_in_building_the_house.‎ ‎15．He gave the same answer as before.‎ He_gave_the_same_answer_as_he_had_given_before.‎ Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句 ‎1．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.‎ ‎→The burn she_got_from_the_iron was red and very_painful.‎ ‎2．Just take a short break if you are tired.‎ ‎→Just take a short break if_tired.‎ ‎3．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven’t done a first aid course.‎ ‎→Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most_haven’t.‎ ‎4．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.‎ ‎→John will go abroad to travel but his_brother_will_not.‎ ‎5．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.‎ ‎→She stood at the gate as_if_waiting_for_someone.‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 Nowadays the people are enjoying a more comfortable life and many people are ‎ suffering from obesity (肥胖). Thus, __1__ (lose) weight becomes very popular.‎ ‎__2__， weight reducing is a tricky (难处理的) topic. Some people lose weight quickly by crash dieting __3__ other extreme measures. This won’t help them lose weight since they usually gain back all (and often more) of the pounds they lost because they haven’t __4__ (permanent) changed their habits. What’s worse, sometimes these extreme measures will __5__ (effect) the individual’s health.‎ ‎__6__ my view, before one decides to lose weight, he first of all should make __7__ clear whether he should or not lose weight. The best way to find out if you are at a healthy weight or if you need to lose or gain weight is to talk to __8__ doctor. He or she can compare your weight with healthy norms (标准) __9__ (help) you set realistic goals. If it turns out that you would benefit from weight loss then you can follow a few of the simple suggestions __10__ are widely accepted by weight reducing experts to get it started.‎ 答案：1.losing　2.However　3.or　4.permanently　‎ ‎5．affect　6.In　7.it　8.a　9.to help　10.which/that Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎[原文呈现]‎ HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARD Seventeenyearold teenager, John Janson, was honoured① at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.‎ John was presented with② his award at a ceremony③ which recognized the bravery④ of ten people who had saved the life of another.‎ John was studying in his room when he heard screaming⑤.When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene⑥. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed⑦ repeatedly with a knife.She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily⑧. Her hands had almost been cut off⑨.‎ It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life⑩. He immediately asked a number of⑪ nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on⑫ any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.John used these to treat⑬ the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands.He slowed the bleeding by applying⑭ pressure⑮ to the wounds until the police and ambulance⑯ arrived.‎ ‎[读文清障]‎ ‎①be honoured感到荣幸；受到嘉奖 ‎②be presented with被授予 ‎③ceremony ['serImənI] n．典礼；仪式；礼节 ‎④bravery ['breIvərI] n．勇敢；勇气 ‎⑤be doing ... when ...为重要句式，意为“正在做……，突然……”。‎ ‎⑥scene n. [C]现场 ‎⑦stab [stæb] vt.&vi. (stabbed, stabbed)刺；戳；刺伤 ‎⑧现在分词短语bleeding very heavily作伴随状语。‎ ‎⑨cut off切断；中断；隔断 ‎⑩It was ... life.为强调句，结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...”，此处强调了主语John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid。‎ ‎⑪a number of若干；许多 ‎⑫put one’s hands on找到 ‎⑬treat [triːt] vt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待 ‎⑭apply [ə'plaI] vt.运用，构成短语apply sth. to sth.“把某物应用于某事”。‎ ‎⑮pressure ['preʃə] n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)‎ ‎⑯ambulance ['æmbjʊləns] n．救护车 英雄青年获奖记 ‎[第1～4段译文]‎ ‎17岁青年约翰·詹森昨晚在里弗镇的救生员颁奖大会上受到嘉奖，因为在一次骇人听闻的持刀袭击案件发生后，他为他的邻居实施了紧急抢救。‎ 在颁奖大会上，约翰被授予奖赏。大会共表彰了抢救他人生命的十个人的勇敢行为。‎ ‎(那天)约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。 当他和父亲冲出去时，看见一个男人从现场逃跑了。他们发现三个孩子的母亲安·斯莱德被连捅了数刀。斯莱德女士躺在前花园的地上，流血不止。她的双手几乎被砍断了。‎ 正是约翰敏捷的动作和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。他立即向旁边的一些人要绷带，但当他们都没找到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。他按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。‎ ‎“I’m proud of what I did but I was just doing what I’d been taught，” John said.‎ John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme⑰ at his high school.When congratulating John⑱， Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said，“There is no doubt that⑲ John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school⑳ saved Ms Slade’s life.It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.”‎ Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.‎ ‎⑰scheme [skiːm] n．方案；计划 ‎⑱When congratulating John为省略he was的时间状语从句。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语部分含有be动词时，可把从句的主语和be动词一并省略。‎ ‎⑲There is no doubt that ...毫无疑问……‎ ‎⑳he learned at school是定语从句，修饰the first aid skills。‎ a knowledge of知道；了解；有……方面的知识 make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用 nine other另外/其他9位 过去分词短语hosted ... Minister作后置定语，修饰reception。‎ ‎[第5～7段译文]‎ 约翰说：“我为自己所做的事感到自豪，但我只做了以前别人教会我做的事。”‎ 约翰在读高中时就参加了青年救生员组织。该组织的主任艾伦·萨瑟顿先生在向约翰表示祝贺时说：“毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。”‎ 约翰和其他九位救生员昨晚在领奖前还出席了由首相主持的特殊的招待会。‎ Step 1　Read the text and answer the following questions.‎ ‎1．What’s the main idea of the text?‎ John_Janson_received_award_because_he_saved_his_neighbour’s_life.‎ ‎2．Why did John Janson receive the award?‎ Because_he_carried_out_lifesaving_first_aid_on_a_neighbour_after_a_shocking_knife_attack.‎ Step 2　Choose the best answers according to the text.‎ ‎1．Look at the construction of the article. What type of writing can it be?‎ A．A novel.‎ B．A research paper.‎ C．A student’s composition.‎ D．A newspaper report.‎ ‎2．What happened to Anne Slade?‎ A．Her hands were almost cut off.‎ B．She fell ill in bed.‎ C．She fell from upstairs and was seriously hurt.‎ D．She was hit by a car at the street corner.‎ ‎3．What first aid did John perform on Anne Slade?‎ A．He tied some bandages over her hands to stop the bleeding.‎ B．He used some tea towels and tape to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands.‎ C．He took her to hospital at once.‎ D．He carried her to her bed.‎ 答案：1～3　DAB 一、这样记单词 记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.throat n．　　　　　咽喉；喉咙 ‎2.ceremony n. 典礼；仪式；礼节 ‎3.ambulance n. 救护车 ‎4.scheme n. 方案；计划 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.tight adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly adv.紧地；牢牢地 ‎2.firm adj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmly adv.坚固地；稳定地 ‎3.bravery n．勇敢；勇气→brave adj.勇敢的 ‎4.treat vt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待→treatment n．对待；治疗 ‎5.apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效→application n．申请→applicant n．申请人 ‎6.pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)→press v．挤；压 ‎1.throat n．咽喉；喉咙 ‎[词块]　a sore throat咽喉痛 ‎2.ceremony n．典礼；仪式；礼节 ‎[词块]　①a welcoming ceremony欢迎仪式 ‎②an opening ceremony开幕式 ‎③a closing ceremony闭幕式 ‎3.tight (adj.)＋ly→tightly (adv.)‎ ‎[联想]　常见的以ly结尾的副词 ‎①quick→quickly　　　　　②especial→especially ‎③careful→carefully ④excited→excitedly ‎⑤polite→politely ⑥recent→recently ‎⑦loud→loudly ⑧clear→clearly ‎4.treat vt.&vi.治疗 ‎[词块]　treat sb. headache 治疗某人的头痛 ‎[联想]　cure sb. of headache ‎ 治愈了某人的头痛 ‎5.apply vi.申请 ‎[词块]　apply to the company for the position 向公司申请这个职位 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.prevent_..._from_... 阻止……‎ ‎2．a_number_of 若干；许多 ‎3．put_one’s_hands_on 找到 ‎4．make_a_difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用 ‎5．be_on_fire 着火 ‎6．be_presented_with 被授予……‎ ‎7．be_proud_of 为……感到骄傲 ‎8．get_involved_in 卷入；介入 ‎1.a shocking knife attack　　　　骇人听闻的持刀袭击案 ‎2．save the life of another 抢救他人生命 ‎3．run from the scene 从现场逃跑 ‎4．bleed very heavily 流血不止 ‎5．apply pressure to the wounds 按住伤口 ‎6．take part in 参加 ‎7．a knowledge of 懂得……知识 ‎8．attend a special reception 出席一场特殊的招待会 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.‎ 约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。‎ be doing ... when ...意为“正在做……，突然……”，句中的when相当于and then/and at that time，连接两个并列分句。‎ This morning I was_walking_on_the_street_when I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled.‎ 今天早晨我正在大街上走，突然我看见两个游客正在困惑地看着地图。‎ ‎2.It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life.‎ 正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。‎ 强调句式“it is/was ... that ...”。‎ It_was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.(2014·江西高考标准范文)‎ 正是拥有真诚和信任我们才创造了和谐的气氛。‎ ‎3.There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.‎ 毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。‎ There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，其中的that引导同位语从句。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that the video we made is very successful.(2017·北京高考书面表达)‎ 毫无疑问，我们制作的视频是非常成功的。‎ ‎1．(教材P38)He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.‎ 他立即向旁边的一些人要绷带，但当他们都没找到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。‎ a number of若干；许多 a number of相当于many，后面跟可数名词的复数形式。在number之前可用great, large, small, good等修饰。该短语在句中作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。‎ ‎①The increase in the boxoffice income can be attributed to a number of factors. (2017·江苏高考)‎ 票房收入的增长可能有很多因素构成。‎ ‎②It’s reported that a number of new houses are_being_built (build) at present in the disaster area.‎ 据报道，目前在灾区正在建造大量的新房。‎ ‎[辨析比较]　a number of, the number of a number of 修饰可数名词的复数形式，表示“许多；大量”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 the number of 修饰可数名词的复数形式，表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 ‎③Now a number of college graduates are (be) seeking to get a highpaid job. But the number of posts available for them is (be) often not enough.‎ 如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。‎ ‎2．(教材P38)John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands.‎ 约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。‎ treat vt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待 ‎(1)treat ... with ...　　　　 以……态度对待……‎ treat sb. for ... 为某人治疗……‎ treat ... as ... 把……当作；像……一样对待/处理/看待 treat sb./oneself to sth. 请客；款待；招待自己/某人 ‎(2)be one’s treat 由某人请客 My treat./It’s my treat. 我请客。‎ ‎①Young people should always treat the elders with respect.(2015·陕西高考)‎ 年轻人应该尊敬老年人。 ‎ ‎②She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl. ‎ 她希望被当作一个普通的女孩子来对待。 ‎ ‎③We are treating Mom to dinner for her birthday.‎ 因为妈妈过生日，我们打算请她吃晚餐。‎ ‎3．(教材P38)He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.‎ 他按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。‎ apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效 写出下列句中apply的含义 ‎①I want to apply for the job.申请 ‎②The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.应用；运用 ‎③Apply the paint to the prepared wood and allow it to dry.涂；敷 ‎(1)apply ... to ...　　　　　 把……运用到……中；‎ 把……涂到……上 apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力于 apply to ... 适应……‎ apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请……‎ ‎(2)applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请；申请书；适用 ‎④If you apply yourself (you) to the job in hand, you’ll soon finish it.‎ 如果你尽全力做你手头的工作，你将会很快把它做完。‎ ‎⑤She applied to the international school for a job as an English teacher.‎ 她向这所国际学校申请英语教师的职位。‎ ‎4．(教材P38)It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.‎ 这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。‎ make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用 ‎①I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behavior will make a difference.‎ 无论何时我都会帮忙清理路边的垃圾。我希望我的行为能起到作用。 ‎ make some/no difference (to ...) (对……)有/没作用或影响 tell the difference (between ... and ...) 辨别/区分(……与……)‎ ‎②What you have said will make_no_difference_to the naughty boy.‎ 你所说的不会对这个淘气的男孩起什么作用的。 ‎ ‎③Before birth, babies can tell_the_difference between loud sounds and voices. ‎ ‎(2017·江苏高考)‎ 出生前，婴儿们能够区分的响声和嗓音。‎ ‎1．John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.‎ 约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。‎ 本句使用了be doing ...when ...句式。此句式的意思为“正在做……，突然……”，句中的when相当于and then/and at that time，连接两个并列分句。‎ ‎①I was playing computer games last night when electricity was cut off.‎ 昨晚我正在玩电脑游戏，突然停电了。‎ be about to do ... when ...即将做……这时(突然)……‎ had done ... when ... 刚刚做完……这时(突然)……‎ ‎②Lily was about to study when someone knocked at the door. ‎ 莉莉正要学习，这时有人敲门。‎ ‎③He had_gone (go) to bed when the telephone rang. ‎ 他刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。‎ ‎2．There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.‎ 毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。‎ There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，其中的that引导同位语从句。‎ ‎①There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English. (2015·湖北高考多选)‎ 毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。‎ ‎②There_is_no_doubt_that the Internet makes communication easier and helps us keep up with the latest information.‎ 毫无疑问，因特网使交流更简单了，也有助于我们跟上最新的信息步伐。‎ ‎(1)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中用whether (不可用if)引导同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。‎ ‎(2)doubt用作动词时，后多跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定/疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎③There is some doubt whether he will be elected president.‎ 他是否能当选总统还有些疑问。‎ ‎④I never doubt that special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.‎ 我从未怀疑过，特殊班级能够帮助这些有天赋的学生提前毕业，更早地在生活中找到他们的位置。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．A great number of fine poems were_written (write) by some famous poets.‎ ‎2．(2014·陕西高考)Men and women must be_treated (treat) equally in education and employment.‎ ‎3．Mary’s words make no difference to him, for he is quite stubborn.‎ ‎4．They had_covered (cover) three miles when they realized they had left their IDs at home.‎ ‎5．(2014·山东高考)If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. ‎ ‎6．There’s some doubt whether the meeting will be held as planned.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 ‎1．In the past ten years a_number_of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing but ruins.‎ ‎2．I am now in my twenties, but my parents still treat me as a child.‎ ‎3．You can also make_a_difference if you have a strong will and never give up.‎ ‎4．We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.‎ ‎5．He is the top player in the world, so there_is_no_doubt_that he will win the match.‎ ‎6．We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.‎ 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 ‎[本课语言点针对练习]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Treat (对待) the earth seriously, for it is not given to you by your parents but lent to you by your children.‎ ‎2．He applied (申请) to be sent to the northwest of China.‎ ‎3．(2016·四川高考)In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure (压力) or to die from heart attacks. ‎ ‎4．The judge praised the firefighters for their bravery (勇敢)．‎ ‎5．With six of us in the car, it was a tight (紧的) squeeze.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．A great number of new factories has been set up in my hometown.has→have ‎2．Over the years, he has applied himself to improve the living conditions of the migrant workers. improve→improving ‎3．A few kind words at the right time make difference.difference前加a ‎4．She was thinking about the problem then Tom patted her.then→when ‎5．I’ll treat you for lunch at the restaurant in front of our school.for→to ‎6．There is some doubt that he can win.that→whether ‎7．It was in 1987 when I graduated from the university.when→that ‎8．Yang Lan had knowledge of English when she was in the university.had后加a Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．Meanwhile, the number of people, who have access to their own cars, has_increased_sharply_in_recent_years.‎ 同时，近年来，拥有私家车的人数在快速增长。‎ ‎2．(2015·陕西高考书面表达)I am_writing_to_apply_for_the_position as a student volunteer.‎ 我写信是想申请学生志愿者这个职位。‎ ‎3．Only if we know what we do in our daily life and live a lowcarbon life can_we_make_a_difference.‎ 只有我们知道在日常生活中做什么，过一种低碳生活，我们才能起作用。‎ ‎4．All visitors to this village are_treated_with kindness.‎ 所有到这个村庄的游客都受到友善地对待。‎ ‎5．Last Monday, I was_walking_in_the_street_when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.‎ 上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。‎ ‎6．If we can do as mentioned above, there_is_no_doubt_that we can master English.‎ 如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问，我们就能掌握英语。‎ ‎ [本单元语言点温故练习]‎ Ⅰ.补全句子 ‎1．Teachers give their lessons with_the_aid_of computers.‎ 老师在电脑的协助下授课。‎ ‎2．The famous actor fell_ill because of that long journey.‎ 那位著名的演员由于那次漫长的旅行生病了。‎ ‎3．What you just said did_an_injury_to_your_mother.‎ 你刚才说的话伤害了你的母亲。‎ ‎4．The library provides us students with a_wide_variety_of_books.‎ 图书馆为我们学生提供各种各样的书籍。‎ ‎5．To most Chinese children, a dictionary means another reference book to_squeeze_into an already heavy school bag.‎ 对于大多数中国孩子来说，一本字典意味着另一本参考书挤进本已沉重的书包。‎ ‎6．In_the_first_place,_he has enough money to buy his son a big house. ‎ 首先，他有足够的钱给他儿子买一所大房子。‎ ‎7．Interest is as_vital_to learning as the ability to understand, even more so.‎ 对于学习来说，兴趣如同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。‎ ‎8．The crowd poured_out_of the concert hall.‎ 人群从音乐大厅涌出来。‎ ‎9．That’s_where I was when the accident happened. ‎ 那就是事故发生时我所在的地方。‎ ‎10．As_they_expected,_everything has gone very well.‎ 正如他们所期望的，一切进展得很顺利。‎ Ⅱ.写出下列句中可以省略的部分 ‎1．You have solved the problem. Can you tell me how you solved the problem？you_solved_the_problem ‎2．—I haven’t told him the news.‎ ‎—Oh, you ought to have told him the news.‎ have后的told_him_the_news ‎3．Tom is a teacher, and his brother is a doctor.第二个is ‎4．Work hard when you are young, or you’ll regret.you_are ‎5．If it is possible, I’ll arrive there on time.it_is ‎6．He looked around as if he was in search of something.he_was ‎7．The girl who the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying.who ‎8．Please tell me the way in which you did the job.in_which 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Meet Liam Mills, the first aid specialist who provides lifesaving support at festivals and events, and he’s just 16 years old.‎ A bit young to be a first aider, aren’t you?‎ You might think that, but in fact I’ve been doing this for almost a year now. I already have a huge amount of valuable experience.‎ Why did you join the British Red Cross?‎ I’ve always been interested in first aid, so when I saw some Red Cross volunteers at a local event I went over for a quick talk. After hearing what they had to say, I jumped_at the chance of joining.‎ What’s the big attraction?‎ As soon as you’ve treated an injured man, you will never look back. I’ve treated many types of injury now, from cut fingers to even heart disease cases. It’s endlessly challenging and interesting.‎ What have you learned?‎ I’m now a skilled volunteer, which means I have additional qualifications (资历) on top of my standard first aid certificate (证书). For example, I’m qualified to use Entonox (laughing gas) for pain management. First aid with the Red Cross is a whole lot more than just cleaning and dressing wounds.‎ Any standout memories?‎ Once, my colleague and I attended a call. As we approached the scene, all I could see was someone lying perfectly still on the floor. When you realise that someone is helpless and completely depending on you to do the right thing, you feel this sudden rush of responsibility. But fortunately, our training means we have the confidence and knowledge to deal with such situations.‎ Best thing about being an event first aider?‎ You get to help people, while also enjoying the chance of going to lots of great events. It really is a winwin situation.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一则访谈。文章是对急救小专家Liam Mills的采访。‎ ‎1．We learn from the text that Liam Mills ________.‎ A．is a first aid trainer B．works in a local hospital C．is the best first aider in the Red Cross D．helps save lives at festivals and events 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第一段中的“Liam Mills ... provides lifesaving ‎ support at festivals and events”可知，Liam Mills在节日和活动时提供救生支援。‎ ‎2．The underlined phrase “jumped at” can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．missed　　　　　　　 B．waited for C．took D．turned down 解析：选C　词义猜测题。由画线处上文中的问题“Why did you join the British Red Cross？”可知，Liam Mills抓住机会加入了英国红十字会，由此推断，jumped at the chance意为“抓住机会”。‎ ‎3．What does Liam Mills think of first aid?‎ A．Boring. B．Dangerous.‎ C．Easy. D．Attractive.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由“What’s the big attraction？”回答部分中的“It’s endlessly challenging and interesting.”可知，Liam Mills觉得急救工作是很有吸引力的。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．All first aiders can use Entonox.‎ B．First aiders just do some simple work.‎ C．Liam Mills still lacks confidence in his work.‎ D．Liam Mills benefits from his first aid experiences.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Liam Mills从急救中也获益颇多，他认为这是一个双赢的局面。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 Hospitals haven’t always been clean and quiet places. Long ago they were dirty and crowded. Nurses were never taught __1__ to look after their patients and many people died. It was Florence Nightingale __2__ changed all this.‎ Florence was born in 1820. As a child, she often went with her mother __3__ (visit) the poor people. They took food and medicine to the sick. It was these visits that first gave her the idea of becoming a nurse.‎ Her chance came in 1854 __4__ Britain went to war with Russia. Florence __5__ (ask) to take a group of nurses to look after the sick and the __6__ (wound) soldiers. The hospitals were dirty, and there was not enough medicine. Florence and her team worked very hard, __7__ (clean) the hospital rooms and beds every day. At night, she ‎ would go from room to room checking on the patients. She often stayed to talk to the patients, especially if she could see that they were scared or __8__ (die)．‎ After the war, Florence opened a school to teach nurses to look after their patients __9__ (proper). However, she never really got better from the __10__ (ill) that she had in the war, and she died in 1910.‎ 语篇解读：本文是对世界著名护理专家、近代护理教育的创始人、护理学的奠基人弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的介绍。‎ ‎1．how　以前的护士不知道如何照顾病人，故用疑问词how。‎ ‎2．who/that　该句使用了强调句型，被强调的是Florence Nightingale。‎ ‎3．to visit　to visit the poor people在句中作目的状语。‎ ‎4．when　when引导的从句在句中作时间状语。‎ ‎5．was asked　Florence是谓语动词的承受者，用被动语态；这里说的是1854年的事，用一般过去时。‎ ‎6．wounded　wounded是过去分词作定语。‎ ‎7．cleaning　cleaning the hospital rooms and beds every day是现在分词短语作状语。‎ ‎8．dying　dying表示“快要死的”。‎ ‎9．properly　空格中所填单词在句中修饰look after，需用proper的副词形式。‎ ‎10．illness　空格中所填单词在句中作介词from的宾语，需用ill的名词形式。‎ Section_ⅤWriting—_介绍急救措施 本单元的写作任务为介绍急救措施，为指导性说明文，该类说明文旨在为读者提供解决问题的方法及具体步骤。‎ 一、基本结构 第一部分：对要说明的现象或事物作简单介绍，引出主题。‎ 第二部分：按照一定的顺序对要说明的现象或事物进行客观描述。‎ 第三部分：简要总结全文。‎ 二、增分佳句 ‎1．We should check whether he/she is conscious or not.‎ 我们应当检查他/她是否清醒。‎ ‎2．Use the mouthtomouth method within five minutes.‎ 在五分钟内进行人工呼吸。‎ ‎3．Don’t move him/her — leave him/her where he/she is.‎ 不要搬动他/她，让他/她待在原地。‎ ‎4．Cover the wound with a bandage or a piece of dry clean cloth.‎ 用绷带或一块干净的干布把伤口包扎起来。‎ ‎5．Wash the wound with cold running water.‎ 用凉自来水冲洗伤口。‎ ‎6．Please call 120 for ambulance at once.‎ 请立即拨打120叫救护车。‎ ‎[题目要求]‎ 请根据下面表格提供的内容，用英语介绍一些急救常识。‎ 病症 急救措施 注意事项 呼吸停止 人工呼吸 捏住鼻子，口对口吹气直到病人恢复呼吸。‎ 大出血 止血 用干净手帕或布压在出血点，按住不放。‎ 煤气中毒或 食物中毒　‎ 开门窗，通风换气，带病人和有毒物质去医院。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：审题构思很关键 一、审题 ‎1．确定体裁：本文为说明文；‎ ‎2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第二人称；‎ ‎3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。‎ 二、构思 第一部分，引出话题：人们需要牢记的急救措施。‎ 第二部分，按照先后顺序介绍三种(呼吸停止、大出血及中毒)急救措施及注意事项。‎ 第三部分，简要总结：这些建议在人们的日常生活中很有用。‎ 第二步：核心词汇想周全 ‎1．stop_breathing　　　　　　　　　　 停止呼吸 ‎2．breathe_into_his_mouth 口对口吹气 ‎3．bleed_badly/heavily 大出血 ‎4．let_the_fresh_air_in 通风换气 ‎5．eat_or_drink_poison_by_mistake 误吃或喝有毒物品 第三步：由词扩句雏形现 ‎1．如果某人停止呼吸，你必须立即进行人工呼吸。(if引导的条件状语从句；主谓宾结构)‎ If_a_person_stops_breathing,_you_must_start_his_breathing_at_once.‎ ‎2．用手指捏住他的鼻子，口对口吹气，直到他恢复呼吸。(祈使句；until引导的时间状语从句)‎ Close_his_nose_with_your_fingers_and_breathe_into_his_mouth_until_he_begins_to_breathe_again.‎ ‎3．若某人大出血，用块干净手帕或布压在出血点，按住不放。(if引导的条件状语从句；祈使句；and连接的并列句) ‎ If_a_person_is_bleeding_badly,_press_a_clean_handkerchief_or_a_piece_of_cloth_on_the_bleeding_point_and_hold_it_there.‎ ‎4．若某人煤气中毒，开门窗，通风换气。(if引导的条件状语从句；祈使句；不定式作目的状语)‎ If_a_person_is_poisoned_by_the_gas,_open_the_doors_and_windows_to_let_the_fresh_air_in.‎ ‎5．若有人误吃或喝有毒物品，带着病人和有毒物品立即去医院。(if引导的条件状语从句；祈使句)‎ If_someone_has_eaten_or_drunk_poison_by_mistake,_take_him/her_and_the_poison_to_hospital_at_once.‎ ‎6．这些建议在我们的日常生活中很有用。(主系表结构)‎ These_suggestions_are_very_valuable_in_our_daily_life.‎ 第四步：句式升级造亮点 把句6改为“be of ＋ n．”结构 ‎ These_suggestions_are_of_great_value_in_our_daily_life.‎ 第五步：过渡衔接联成篇 Here_are_some_common_practices_for_first_aid_that_everyone_should_keep_in_mind.‎ If_a_person_stops_breathing,_you_must_start_his_breathing_at_once._Close_his_nose_with_your_fingers,_and_breathe_into_his_mouth_until_he_begins_to_breathe_again._If_a_person_is_bleeding_badly,_press_a_clean_handkerchief_or_a_piece_of_cloth_on_the_bleeding_point_and_hold_it_there._If_a_person_is_poisoned_by_the_gas,_open_the_doors_and_windows_to_let_the_fresh_air_in._If_someone_has_eaten_or_drunk_poison_by_mistake,_take_him/her_and_the_poison_to_hospital_at_once.‎ These_suggestions_are_of_great_value_in_our_daily_life.‎ It’s very important for us to know some knowledge of first aid.We should know first aid in order to deal with common injuries.In our daily life, we often need temporary treatment when someone’s nose is bleeding or when someone’s skin is mildly burnt.In an emergency, we should put our hands on the proper settlement and apply our first aid knowledge into practice.Besides, we need bravery and quick action.For the purpose of performing first aid properly, we can know about some common symptoms and remember the first aid processes over and over again.However, if the situation is complex or the injuries are unbearable, it is necessary to call for an ambulance.The treatment in a hospital is much more professional.It does not mean that first aid is of little use.On the contrary, the timely help will be of vital importance.Remember that first aid can make a difference！‎ 对我们来说，了解一些急救知识是非常重要的。为了处理常见损伤，我们应该了解急救。在我们的日常生活中，当有人鼻子流血或是有人皮肤轻度烧伤时，我们经常需要实施一些临时的救治。在紧急情况下，我们要找到恰当的处理方法，并将急救知识运用到实践当中。此外，我们还需要勇气和快速的行动。为了正确地实施急救，我们可以了解一些常见的症状，并反复记忆急救的步骤。然而，如果情况比较复杂，或者损伤难以忍受，就有必要去叫救护车 了。在医院治疗就专业多了。这并不意味着急救的用处不大。恰恰相反，及时的帮助会至关重要。记住，急救是有作用的！‎ 加餐练(一)　完形阅读组合练 Ⅰ.完形填空 I had to visit my sister in another town, because her husband was seriously ill. My whole family could not go because school was in session. My children stayed home in their father’s __1__ except the youngest child who was just one year old. I was __2__ about taking a train journey alone with my daughter. I __3__ that I had to go, so I gathered all my courage and got on the train. After waving __4__ to my husband, I settled down. ‎ There were three other passengers in that compartment (隔间). Two of them were quite elderly, while one was a young man. My daughter was crying, __5__ her dad. I tried to __6__ her, but it didn’t work. I __7__ giving her water and some biscuits, but her __8__ wouldn’t stop. By this time I was getting worried about the __9__ being caused to other people. One of the oldies was sleeping, but the other one seemed to get __10__. However, much as I tried, my daughter __11__ crying.‎ Just then, the young man __12__ to take my baby in his arms. He stood with her near the window, and __13__ talking to her in a gentle voice. My daughter stopped crying __14__， listening to the young man. I was both __15__ and relieved especially because the annoyed elder was now happily reading his book. The stranger handed my daughter back when she was in a(n) __16__ state. I thanked the young man and settled down to rest.‎ During the long __17__， this young man continuously __18__ me. He fed my baby, sang to her and told her stories. When I arrived at my destination, I thanked this man again who had come to my __19__.‎ After so many years, I __20__ remember this stranger on the train with a grateful heart.‎ 语篇解读：作者带着幼小的女儿乘火车。女儿哭个不停，但作者却束手无策。幸亏一个年轻人主动帮忙，成功地让女儿不再哭，帮助作者摆脱困境。‎ ‎1． A.sight　　　　　　　　　B．control C．care D．heart 解析：选C　根据“My whole family could not go because school was in session.”可推断出，除了小女儿之外，其他孩子都得待在家里让孩子的父亲照顾。‎ ‎2． A.nervous B．excited C．curious D．serious 解析：选A　作者对自己独自带着女儿出行感到非常紧张。‎ ‎3． A.guessed B．doubted C．proved D．knew 解析：选D　尽管作者很紧张，但她知道她必须得去。‎ ‎4． A.hello B．goodbye C．agreement D．gratitude 解析：选B　根据前面的“got on the train”和后面的“settled down”可知，此处为送别场面，作者与丈夫挥手告别。‎ ‎5． A.remembering B．concerning C．missing D．following 解析：选C　小女儿因为想念爸爸而开始哭闹。‎ ‎6． A.comfort B．believe C．enjoy D．dislike 解析：选A　作者试图安慰小女儿，但没有用。‎ ‎7． A.advised B．risked C．considered D．tried 解析：选D　作者试着给女儿水和饼干来哄她。‎ ‎8． A.laughing B．crying C．shaking D．moving 解析：选B　不管作者怎么努力，小女儿还是哭个不停。上文“My daughter was crying”是提示。‎ ‎9． A.threat B．damage C．disturbance D．effect 解析：选C　作者担心女儿的哭声会打扰到他人。‎ ‎10．A.annoyed B．disappointed C．confused D．lost 解析：选A　根据下文“the annoyed elder was now happily reading his book”可判断选A项。‎ ‎11．A.began B．kept C．stopped D．admitted 解析：选B　不管作者怎么努力，小女儿还是继续哭。‎ ‎12．A.agreed B．chose C．prepared D．offered 解析：选D　当作者对女儿束手无策的时候，这个年轻人主动去抱作者的女儿。‎ ‎13．A.continued B．practised C．started D．finished 解析：选C　年轻人抱过女儿后开始用温和的声音和她讲话。‎ ‎14．A.obviously B．anxiously C．happily D．slowly 解析：选D　听着年轻人讲话，女儿慢慢地不哭了。‎ ‎15．A.surprised B．worried C．frightened D．interested 解析：选A　自己想尽办法都不能让女儿停止哭，而这个年轻人做到了，对此作者感到惊讶。‎ ‎16．A.terrible B．sleepy C．energetic D．poor 解析：选B　在女儿睡着的时候，年轻人把孩子递给了作者。‎ ‎17．A.experience B．adventure C．journey D．distance 解析：选C　在漫长的旅途中，年轻人不断地帮助作者。‎ ‎18．A.helped B．encouraged C．watched D．saved 解析：选A　根据下文“He fed my baby, sang to her and told her stories.”‎ 可推断出年轻人是在帮作者。‎ ‎19．A.trouble B．rescue C．world D．stage 解析：选B　作者到达目的地的时候，再次感谢了这位帮助她的年轻人。come/go to sb.’s rescue表示“帮助某人”。‎ ‎20．A.only B．never C．still D．ever 解析：选C　多年以后，作者依然还记得在火车上帮她忙的那位年轻人。‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 External Bleeding Apply direct pressure. Place a clean, folded cloth over the injured area and firmly apply pressure. If blood soaks through, do not remove it. Instead, cover that cloth with another one and continue to apply pressure to the wound for 7～10 minutes. If the bleeding is from the ear, place a clean bandage over the ear, lay the victim on his side, and allow the blood to drain out through the bandage.‎ Elevate the injury. Position the wounded part of the body above the level of the heart if possible while you apply direct pressure. Know the pressure points. If direct pressure and elevation don’t sufficiently slow the blood flow, find a pressure point. Large arteries (动脉) found close to the skin’s surface supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg. The most common pressure points used during the first aid are located in the upper arms and in the creases (皱纹) above the upper legs. Apply pressure to the closest pressure point to the wound so that the artery is pressed between your fingers and the bone directly behind the artery. If using the pressure point on a leg, you may need to use the heel of your hand instead of your finger.‎ Resort to a tourniquet (止血带，压脉器). On very rare occasions everything listed above may fail. To prevent the victim from dying, you should apply a tourniquet. Once a tourniquet is applied, it should not be loosened or removed until the victim has reached medical help. Use a tourniquet only if everything listed above has failed. If you use a tourniquet, write down somewhere on the victim the time when it was applied, so medical personnel will know how long it has been in place.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了止血的一些方法和技巧。‎ ‎1．According to the passage, if a person is wounded and bleeding, you should ________.‎ A．cover the wound with a clean, folded cloth and press it B．spread some salve (药膏) on the wound C．press the wound firmly with your finger D．place a clean bandage over the wound 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第一段第一、二句的信息可知。‎ ‎2．If blood soaks through the cloth, you should ________.‎ A．change a clean one immediately B．wash the wound at once C．press the wound firmly with your hand D．cover that one with another one and press the wound 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第一段第三、四句的信息可知。‎ ‎3．In this passage ________ ways are mentioned to stop blood.‎ A．four B．three C．two D．five 解析：选A　推理判断题。第一段两种，第二、三段各一种，共四种。‎ ‎4．According to the passage, we know that ________.‎ A．it is better to put the injured part above the head to stop bleeding B．large arteries deep in the muscle supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg C．we should use a tourniquet first to stop bleeding D．the most common pressure points lie in the upper arms and in the creases above the upper legs 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第二段第六句的信息可知。‎ 加餐练(二)　主观题规范增分练 Ⅰ.语法填空 I live in a small village in the country. We live a very __1__ (peace) life. “Boring，” some might say, __2__ we love it. We have plenty of time to stop and chat. I have enough time to follow my hobbies, such as gardening, fishing, and walking in ‎ the countryside. I love the outdoor life, __3__ makes me realize that how beautiful our world is. But it wasn’t always like this. I used __4__ (have) a really stressful job, working till late in the office every evening and often bringing work home at the weekend. __5__ advertising world was very competitive and when I look __6__， I cannot imagine how I could have stood it for so long. I had no time for the really important things in life. Because of the pressure of the job, I was addicted __7__ smoking. The day finally came when my wife decided to leave me. She __8__ (complain) that I had no time for family life. This made me realize which was __9__ (important) to me, between life and work. I talked things through with __10__ and we decided to start a new and good life together.‎ 语篇解读：忙碌的工作，充实而恬静的生活，哪个是你想要的呢？‎ ‎1．peaceful　我们过着平静的生活，peaceful“平静的”，用形容词修饰名词。‎ ‎2．but　前后为转折关系，用but。‎ ‎3．which　先行词the outdoor life指物，又因为是非限制性定语从句，故填which。‎ ‎4．to have　used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”。‎ ‎5．The　表示特指用the。‎ ‎6．back　look back意为“回顾”。‎ ‎7．to　be addicted to sth.“对……上瘾”。‎ ‎8．complained/had been complaining　“她抱怨”发生在过去，用一般过去时；也可以理解成过去一直在抱怨，用过去完成进行时。‎ ‎9．more important　两个中哪个对我更重要，用比较级。‎ ‎10．her　her指代作者的妻子。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 My parents wanted me to study hard so that I could enter in a top university one day. In order not let them down, I spent most of my time study. When others were playing outside happy, I was studying. Therefore, no matter how hard I studied, my results were still not very good. One day, my teacher had a talk with us. She suggested I took a break sometimes. I follow her advice. And I have made a big improve in my studies. So take a break from time to time is really important.‎ 答案：第一句：去掉in 第二句：not后加to; study→studying 第三句：happy→happily 第四句：Therefore→However 第五句：us→me 第六句：took→take 第七句：follow→followed 第八句：improve→improvement 第九句：take→taking Ⅲ.书面表达 假设你是李华。在下午放学回家的路上，你发现邻居Bob叔叔因病躺在路边，于是在路人的帮助下叫来救护车将其送往医院。请用英语写一篇日记，记述整个过程。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：救护车ambulance June, 5th Sunny ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考范文：‎ June, 5th Sunny This afternoon, when I was walking home after school, I noticed my neighbour Uncle Bob lying by the roadside with his right hand on his breast. It was clear that he was badly ill. Several passersby came up and one of them offered to call for an ambulance. Several minutes later, the ambulance arrived, and took him to the hospital. Then I ran home and told Uncle Bob’s family what had happened. We hurriedly rushed to the hospital. The doctor examined him and decided he should stay there for a week.‎ I hope Uncle Bob will get better soon.‎ 第一部分　听力　(满分30分，限时20分钟)‎ 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1．What does the man want to do?‎ A．Buy a ticket to California.‎ B．Buy some pens.‎ C．Send a package.‎ ‎2．Where will the speakers have dinner tonight?‎ A．At the man’s home.‎ B．At a restaurant.‎ C．At Jake’s home.‎ ‎3．What are the speakers really talking about?‎ A．The weather.‎ B．Their weekend plan.‎ C．Travel.‎ ‎4．What does the woman think of medical books?‎ A．They’re difficult.‎ B．They’re useless.‎ C．They’re boring.‎ ‎5．Why can’t the man go to the club?‎ A．He has no time.‎ B．He is too weak.‎ C．He can’t afford it.‎ 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6．What does the woman say about shopping online?‎ A．It’s reliable.　 B．It’s convenient.　 C．It’s unsafe.‎ ‎7．What is the woman’s last piece of advice?‎ A．Be sure to write your mailing address correctly.‎ B．Avoid providing personal information.‎ C．Do research to find the best products and prices.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。‎ ‎8．Why did John miss the class last night?‎ A．He came back late.‎ B．He was writing a report then.‎ C．He was very tired.‎ ‎9．What do we know about the man?‎ A．He is good at learning foreign languages.‎ B．He can talk with his friends in English.‎ C．He had learnt Spanish before he took the class.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。‎ ‎10．How many people are working on the project?‎ A．5.　　　　　 B．6.　　　　　 C．10.‎ ‎11．When must the project be completed?‎ A．Before this coming Friday.‎ B．Before next Wednesday.‎ C．Before next Friday.‎ ‎12．What does the man decide to do?‎ A．Call his partners for a meeting.‎ B．Complete the project all by himself.‎ C．Stop doing the project.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。‎ ‎13．What term does the man want to apply for?‎ A．Spring semester.‎ B．Autumn semester.‎ C．Winter semester.‎ ‎14．How is the woman paying for college?‎ A．By taking a parttime job.‎ B．By borrowing money from a bank.‎ C．By asking her parents for help.‎ ‎15．What has the woman started to do?‎ A．Fill out some applications.‎ B．Write some essays.‎ C．Rent a room.‎ ‎16．What will the woman probably do next?‎ A．Call her friend.‎ B．Look for a room.‎ C．Give the man a number.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17．What will probably be able to prepare meals before you come home in the future?‎ A．Smart cooking tools.‎ B．Professional chefs.‎ C．Family robots.‎ ‎18．What can a refrigerator do in the future?‎ A．Take note of your daily menus.‎ B．Sort out all the food supplies.‎ C．Contact the local supermarket.‎ ‎19．How will people probably save electricity in the future homes?‎ A．By using less time.‎ B．By tracking with their tools.‎ C．By using new kinds of energy.‎ ‎20．Where can plants and people get clean water from in the future?‎ A．Wash water and manmade water.‎ B．Bath water and sea water.‎ C．Wash water and bath water.‎ 答案：1～5　CBBCA　6～10　BACBB ‎11～15　CAABA　16～20　CACBC 听力材料 ‎(Text 1)‎ M：I’d like to mail this package to California.‎ W：Fill out this form with the required information. You can do this at the side counter. Pens are available there.‎ ‎(Text 2)‎ M：Would you like to join us for dinner tonight, Betty?‎ W：I’d love to. Where are we going?‎ M：Oh, Jake made a reservation at a restaurant near my home.‎ ‎(Text 3)‎ W：Do you think the weather will be good this weekend?‎ M：I heard it might rain.‎ W：That’s a pity. I’d thought about going hiking in the hills.‎ M：Well, we can go to that new art gallery instead.‎ ‎(Text 4)‎ M：This book is really interesting. I’ve enjoyed it very much.‎ W：What is it? Is it a novel?‎ M：No, it’s a medical book. It’s been very popular recently, even though there’s obviously boring subject matter.‎ W：Really? I don’t think I’d enjoy anything on such a boring topic, even if it is useful. I much prefer science fiction, especially about what life might be like in the future.‎ ‎(Text 5)‎ M：Hey, you look great! How did you get in such good shape?‎ W：I’ve been going to the club regularly, and the training has really paid off. I’m in better shape than I have been for years and I know much more about how to keep fit.‎ M：I haven’t gone to the club for weeks. I am too busy with work.‎ W：I know. It’s so easy to be too busy for exercise, but I’ve realized that exercise is extremely important to every other aspect of life.‎ ‎(Text 6)‎ M：Do you often shop online?‎ W：Oh, yes, quite often. It is very convenient, and it saves me a lot of time.‎ M：You know, I’ve never tried online shopping before. I’d like to try, but I’m a bit nervous I’ll make a mistake.‎ W：Ah, you are talking to the right person. If you keep two very important tips in mind, you’ll be fine. First, visit more than one site to find the best products and prices. I can tell you some of the best online shops. Second, when you finally place your order, be sure to write your mailing address and phone number correctly, or you might not receive your delivery on time.‎ M：So what do I do if I want to buy something?‎ W：You just need to provide your name, mailing address, email address, phone number and bank card information. I can help you with that.‎ M：Oh, thank you! That is so nice of you.‎ ‎(Text 7)‎ W：Why weren’t you at the Spanish class last night, Jack? Have you decided to give up?‎ M：No. I came back late yesterday and found John asleep in his chair. He’d been writing a report all day long and he was too tired to go out again. So we gave the lesson a miss.‎ W：You’ve missed quite a lot of lessons recently, haven’t you? Are you losing interest?‎ M：Yes, I’m afraid so. Neither I nor John has a gift for language. People just laugh at us when we attempt to speak Spanish. How did you and Jane pick it up so quickly and easily? You’ve been in Spain for hardly a month.‎ W：It wasn’t all that quick. We’d both studied the language before we came, and we needed a lot of review before we came back.‎ M：Anyway, all our friends here speak English very well, so we don’t really need to learn Spanish.‎ ‎(Text 8)‎ M：I am having trouble with my job. Five of my colleagues and I have been working on a project since last Wednesday.‎ W：Is the project too hard?‎ M：No, it’s not all that hard but no one is working together on it.‎ W：So your group is having a problem with teamwork.‎ M：Yes. We have to finish it before next Friday, only ten days from now.‎ W：Is there anyone in charge of the team?‎ M：No. Everyone is just doing their own separate work.‎ W：If your group doesn’t come together, then no one will know what has been done and what still needs to be done.‎ M：But how do I get them to work together?‎ W：If your group does not have a leader, then you should step up and be one.‎ M：How do I do that?‎ W：You should call everyone together for a meeting.‎ M：And then what should I do when I have them all together?‎ W：Let them know that this project is important, and so is working as a team to get it done.‎ M：Thank you for the advice. I will call everybody now and tell them we are going to have a meeting in the morning.‎ ‎(Text 9)‎ W：Hi there! What have you been up to lately?‎ M：I have been looking for a university to apply to.‎ W：Really? So have I!‎ M：Cool! What term will you apply for?‎ W：For the fall semester. How about you?‎ M：I’ll apply for the spring semester. I need to work and earn some money in the next six months.‎ W：Yeah, college can be very expensive.‎ M：How are you paying for college?‎ W：I am getting help from a bank.‎ M：That’s cool. So have you started filling out any university applications?‎ W：Yes, I have. The applications take a while!‎ M：They do, especially all those essays.‎ W：Yes, those are hard. I’m not really sure what to write about.‎ M：I’m glad I’m not applying until the spring, so I have more time to prepare.‎ W：Yeah, you’re lucky you have more time. So do you plan to rent a room near the university you go to?‎ M：Yes, I plan to rent a room near the university and find a roommate to share the cost, so I can save some money.‎ W：Oh, really? My friend Jack wants to do that too. If you’re in the same area, perhaps you could rent a place with him.‎ M：Oh, that’s wonderful! Could I get his contact information from you?‎ W：Sure. I’ll give you his phone number right now.‎ M：Thanks!‎ ‎(Text 10)‎ Future homes will have some really smart cooking tools. Microwave ovens and refrigerators will probably be combined, so that meals can be ready upon one’s arrival home.‎ Future homes may also have refrigerators that can suggest menus based upon the food you have at home. In the home of the future, the refrigerator will probably also be able to take note of all food supplies in the home and inform you when you’re running out, or even be programmed to contact the local supermarket to drop off the needed food supplies.‎ Future homes will also be very energysaving. Microsoft, Google and others are now working on applications to help you see and track which tools use the most electricity, helping you save electricity and thus your daily expenses.‎ There will most likely also be systems in place for saving and reusing wash water and bath water, which will probably have to be the main origin of future water, so that both plants and people can still have clean water in the future, when water supplies are low.‎ 第二部分　阅读理解　(满分40分，限时35分钟)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A The older we get, the more our bodies change, especially our skin. One of the biggest changes: it itches (发痒) more than ever.‎ ‎“Itching is a common problem as we age，” says Dr. Vishakha Gigler. “The skin changes, often becoming thinner, drier and more sensitive.”‎ Biological changes are one thing, but there is now strong evidence to support the thinking that something else is partly to blame: prescription and nonprescription medications. Dr. Gigler says, “I often see seniors in my practice who are suffering from itchy skin. Medical conditions and certain medications can be an underlying (潜在的) cause.”‎ Medications commonly prescribed to senior citizens, including pain relievers, blood pressure medications, sleep aids, can often cause increases in skin sensitivity and itching.‎ Many seniors seek relief from itching with products containing steroids (类固醇), but this can present another problem. According to medical professionals, steroidal creams carry their own side effects, including thinned skin, allergic reactions and more itching.‎ Fortunately, one of the bestselling, most effective itch relievers is steroidfree and safe for the whole family to use: TriCalm® hydrogel (水凝胶). TriCalm is a nonprescription medication that is guaranteed to relieve itch.‎ TriCalm’s strong guarantee and effectiveness are why skin doctors throughout the country are recommending TriCalm to their patients year round.‎ While other products can take up to 24 hours and require repeated applications to get the full benefit, TriCalm works almost immediately, providing rapid relief from itch with a single application; and because TriCalm is steroidfree, it is safe for the whole family to use.‎ TriCalm is also backed by a 100% MoneyBack “Itch Free Guarantee，” which promises the product will relieve your itchy skin, or you can send back the empty tube for a full refund.‎ TriCalm is available for purchase at several major retailers (零售店), including Walmart, Walgreens and CVS/pharmacy. For more information about TriCalm, visit ‎ www.TriCalm.com.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则止痒药的广告。‎ ‎21．Which is mentioned as a cause of seniors’ itch problem?‎ A．Their foods.　　　　　 B．Sleep disorders.‎ C．Their medications. D．High blood pressure.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“something else is partly to blame: prescription and nonprescription medications”可知。‎ ‎22．Steroids are mentioned mainly to prove that TriCalm is ________.‎ A．safe B．cheap C．effective D．traditional 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第五、六段可知，含有类固醇的药物有加剧瘙痒等副作用，而TriCalm不含类固醇，也就不会有此类副作用，所以比较安全。‎ ‎23．According to the text, TriCalm ________.‎ A．has a competitive price B．can only be used by adults C．can only be bought in drugstores D．provides a good aftersale guarantee 解析：选D　推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，TriCalm如果对于购买者不见效，购买者可以将空管寄回从而得到全额退款。也就是说它有好的售后保证。‎ B Two hero housemates have told how they pulled their neighbor from a smokefilled kitchen.‎ Rhys Lomax, 29, and Chris Clark, 25, of South Street, charged into the 41yearold man’s home after they heard his smoke alarm at around 1：55 am on Sunday.‎ Prison officer Mr Lomax said, “I had just picked Chris up from the airport and we were arriving back at our house.‎ ‎“Then I heard this beeping and at first I thought it was the car because we’d left the headlights on.‎ ‎“But then I realized it was my neighbor’s house and we could see smoke everywhere.‎ ‎“We charged into the house and found him lying on the oven with black smoke coming from it.‎ ‎“We dragged him out and put him on the main road and then called the fire department and ambulance.”‎ Firefighters put out the fire, which left the kitchen damaged and the oven completely destroyed.‎ People attempted to take the 41yearold man to hospital but he refused medical attention.‎ Mr. Lomax added, “If it had been another couple of minutes I think he would have gone up in flames. He was a very lucky man.‎ ‎“He was very lucky. I was bringing Chris back from the airport because otherwise I don’t think we would have heard the alarm.”‎ Afterwards, fire officers praised the pair, saying they had potentially (可能地) saved the man’s life.‎ But Mr. Lomax played it down and added, “I am a prison officer so I have dealt with things like that before.”‎ And Mr. Clark, a shop manager, said, “If there had been flames we might have thought twice but we just covered our mouths and went in.”‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了两个人勇敢地把邻居从冒烟的厨房内救了出来。‎ ‎24．What is the main idea of this passage?‎ A．Two people were praised by the fire officials for their brave deed.‎ B．A man refused to be taken to hospital after being saved from his house.‎ C．Two people bravely saved their neighbor from a kitchen full of smoke.‎ D．A lucky man was rescued by the firefighters with the help of his neighbors.‎ 解析：选C　主旨大意题。由本文主旨句“Two hero housemates have told how they pulled their neighbor from a smokefilled kitchen.”可知，本文讲述了两个人将邻居从冒烟的厨房内救出的故事。‎ ‎25．The man was thought lucky because ________.‎ A．the firefighters arrived for rescue in time B．the neighbors gave timely first aid to the man C．the kitchen didn’t catch fire at that time D．it happened when his neighbors were coming from the airport 解析：选D　细节理解题。由倒数第四段中的“I was bringing Chris back from the airport because otherwise I don’t think we would have heard the alarm.”可知，这位受害者很幸运，因为碰巧Rhys Lomax从机场回来碰上了这起事故。‎ ‎26．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．There was some food in the oven.‎ B．The man in the house went to the hospital at last.‎ C．Mr. Lomax thought what they did was not particularly important.‎ D．The man in the house was drunk and did not know anything.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知Rhys Lomax之前就做过类似的事情，所以他并没有把抢救邻居这件事看得特别了不起。‎ ‎27．Why did the neighbors go into the kitchen without hesitation?‎ A．Because the man in the kitchen was in great danger.‎ B．Because the man in the kitchen was asking for help.‎ C．Because though the kitchen was full of smoke there was no fire.‎ D．Because they thought it was not very dangerous and they could put out the fire.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由最后一段可知他们只看到了厨房里有烟，但没有火焰。这说明危险不是很大，所以就毫不犹豫地进去了。‎ C In many sports, physical contact (身体接触) is part of the game. But when athletes hit their heads, the hit can cause concussions (脑震荡)．‎ Concussions have long been a concern for professional athletes, but they’ve become more common among young players too. Between 2001 and 2009, the number of kids under 19 visiting doctors for concussions each year increased by 62 percent.‎ Engineers are developing new helmets (头盔), and new rules are limiting physical contact in some sports. But are these efforts enough to protect kids’ brains?‎ Concussions can happen during many types of activities. But sports like football and soccer are especially risky. When you run or jump, your body is moving at an increased speed. A sudden hit causes you to move faster in a different direction.‎ ‎“It’s like when you’re in a bus and it makes a sudden stop，” says Dr. Kevin Crutchfield, an expert at a sports concussion center in Baltimore, Maryland. “You hit ‎ the inside of the bus.”‎ This hit damages the brain. It affects the way the brain functions. So some sports require athletes to wear helmets. Helmets help reduce the force of a hit. The hard outer shell spreads the force over a larger area. Inside a helmet, a plastic or airfilled lining also helps soften the blow.‎ Steve Rowson is an engineer at Virginia Tech. In his lab, he tests how helmets hold up against different types of hits. No helmet can prevent concussions completely, says Rowson. But he’s found that when wearing a newer football helmet, the player’s head doesn’t gain speed as much after a hit. That lowers the risk of concussions.‎ Many youth sports teams have set limits on physical contact to reduce the risk of concussions. In soccer, most concussions happen as a result of headers — shots or passes made with the head. That’s why many people think kids shouldn’t head the ball until high school.‎ These efforts should help, says Crutchfield. But the best way to prevent longterm brain injuries, he says, is to stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion. “Protect yourself today so you can play again tomorrow.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。青少年在运动中因头部撞击导致脑震荡的比例在逐年增高，工程师、医生和教练正采取措施改善这一情况。‎ ‎28．Concussions among young players ________.‎ A．are rare before 2001‎ B．seem extremely worrying C．cause kids to lose interest in sports D．are mostly caused by wearing no helmets 解析：选B　推理判断题。由第二段中的“more common”和“each year increased by 62 percent”可知，青少年因体育运动导致脑震荡的情况越来越严重，令人担忧。‎ ‎29．The author mentions the sudden stop of the bus to ________.‎ A．stress it’s dangerous to ride buses B．show human brains are easily damaged C．give a better explanation of concussions D．remind people to wear helmets while playing sports 解析：‎ 选C　推理判断题。作者在第五段中提到公交车急刹车时人们会受到撞击，将之与人们在运动时发生脑震荡的情况相比较，使这一概念更容易被理解。‎ ‎30．What does Steve Rowson think of the newer football helmets?‎ A．They vary a lot in size.‎ B．They work better than the old ones.‎ C．They slow down the players’ running speed.‎ D．They allow the players to move their heads more freely.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“But he’s found that ... lowers the risk of concussions.”可知，新款头盔效果更好些，可以更好地保护运动员的头部免受伤害。‎ ‎31．Dr. Crutchfield suggests that after receiving a concussion, young players should ________.‎ A．never head the ball B．avoid dangerous sports C．play other kinds of sports D．stop playing the sport for a while 解析：选D　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion”可知，Crutchfield建议年轻的运动员在运动中发生脑震荡时，一定要及时停止运动，这样才能避免给大脑造成长期的损伤，才有利于今后更好地进行这项运动。‎ D History tells us that footwear was one of the first things ancient people learned to make. Footwear helped them across rocky paths or hot sands without injuring themselves. The earliest footwear we know of was simply a piece of plaited (编织的) grass or leather tied to the feet.‎ The ancient Egyptians seem to have invented the first footwear with a firm sole (鞋底) — sandals. Egyptian royalty usually wore sandals that had a different style from those with lesser status (身份), while slaves were not allowed to wear anything on their feet. The sandal is still the basic form of footwear in many countries, particularly those with a hot climate, whereas in cold climates, an entirely different type of shoe appeared — the moccasin — a slippershaped shoe made of soft but strong leather.‎ The Greeks were the first to develop shoes with heels (鞋跟). Then, in the Middle Ages, shoes with long points at the toe became very chic for the nobility. These shoes were often very difficult to wear. Other trends followed, with squaretoed shoes, wide shoes, and even shoes that could make a woman stand two feet taller. Not surprisingly, these sometimes led to accidents. Even today, fashion rather than comfort often leads to the kind of shoes women wear.‎ Mechanical shoemaking appeared in the 1800s in North America. Until then, shoes had been made with the same kinds of hand tools used by the ancient Egyptians. And in 1858, a machine was invented that could stitch (缝合) the sole of a shoe to the upper part. Now it was possible to make shoes that were shaped to fit either the left or right foot. Toward the end of the 1800s came a new type of shoe that was specifically designed for sports — the sneaker — and it soon become an alltime favorite.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鞋的演变过程。‎ ‎32．What did shoes often show in ancient times?‎ A．The rich resources.‎ B．People’s different beliefs.‎ C．People’s status in society.‎ D．The changeable climates.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由第二段的“Egyptian royalty usually wore sandals that had a different style from those with lesser status(身份), while slaves were not allowed to wear anything on their feet.”可知，在古埃及，鞋是身份地位的象征。‎ ‎33．What does the underlined word “chic” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A．Valuable.　　　　　　　 B．Convenient.‎ C．Fashionable. D．Comfortable.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。由画线词后的“These shoes were often very difficult to wear ... fashion rather than comfort often leads to ...”可知，此处指中世纪尖头鞋在贵族中成为一种时尚，从而引领了其他不同鞋形的出现。‎ ‎34．Before mechanical shoemaking appeared, ________.‎ A．shoes were often very difficult for people to wear B．all the shoe patterns made by the Greeks were the same C．the only function of footwear was to protect people’s feet D．people wore the sameshaped shoes on their two feet 解析：选D　细节理解题。由最后一段的“Mechanical shoemaking appeared in the 1800s ... it was possible to make shoes that were shaped to fit either the left or right foot.”可知，十九世纪机械制鞋之前由手工制作的鞋左右脚形状相同。‎ ‎35．How does the text mainly develop?‎ A．By providing examples.‎ B．By making comparisons.‎ C．By following the order of time.‎ D．By following the order of importance.‎ 解析：选C　写作手法题。本文按照时间顺序介绍了鞋的演变过程——从早期人类穿编织的草鞋，到古埃及人最早发明鞋底，再到制鞋工业的出现。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ The importance of first impressions in a job interview When it comes to a job interview, first impressions mean everything. First impressions also mean that not everyone is treated equally, and people who look and sound the part are received better than people who make a poor first impression. __36__‎ Timing It only takes 30 seconds to make a lasting impression, and this is true even when you’re not there. This means don’t be late! __37__ Being late shows that you don’t have respect for other people’s time. This is not the impression you want to give to your employer, so make sure you are at least 510 minutes early.‎ Handshake Your handshake can say a lot about you. __38__ Too tight, you’re domineering (盛气凌人的). A warm and firm (坚定而有力的) handshake is perfectly acceptable.‎ Body Language Your body movements are part of both your personality and appearance. Use them wisely. Carry yourself with confidence, like you’re very successful, even if you’re not. Walking in with purpose and power will give you an air of confidence. __39__‎ Knowledge If your interviewer asks what you think of the company’s recent efforts, the last thing you want to do is just stare back. Do your research. __40__ Who founded it？What is their goal? You want to show the employer that you care enough to read up on who they are.‎ Doing your research and putting it all together confidently and knowledgeably is exactly what the interviewers look for in an employee.‎ A．When was the company founded?‎ B．You may not be able to recover from it.‎ C．Too loose, you’re weak or not confident.‎ D．You’re expected to ask intelligent questions.‎ E．Here are a few tips to help you make your first impression.‎ F．By doing this, you can leave a good impression in your interview.‎ G．Being late will ruin your first impression in the eyes of your interviewer.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了工作面试时第一印象的重要性，并给出几条如何留下好的第一印象的建议。‎ ‎36．选E　由下文中列举的四项可知，E项内容“如下是帮你留下美好的第一印象的几条建议”符合此处语境。‎ ‎37．选G　由该空前的“This means don’t be late！”和该空后的“Being late shows that you don’t have respect for other people’s time.”可知，设空处指“迟到会毁了你在面试官眼中的第一印象”。‎ ‎38．选C　由该空后的“Too tight, you’re domineering (盛气凌人的)．”可知，设空处是说，如果你的握手无力的话，会显得柔弱和不自信。‎ ‎39．选F　由该空前的“Carry yourself with confidence ... give you an air of confidence.”可知，这样做可以在面试时留下一个好印象。‎ ‎40．选A　由该空后的“Who founded it？What is their goal？”可知，设空处也是对该公司信息的提问，故A项符合此处语境。‎ 第三部分　语言知识运用　(满分45分，限时30分钟)‎ 第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ It was my first summer vacation in college. Instead of heading home for a nice, long __41__， three of my friends and I had __42__ to stay and take some extra courses. The four of us had __43__ the top floor of an old house to live in. My own bed was in a former laundry room, and each night was a new __44__ in humidity (潮湿). Still, it felt __45__ to be out of the dormitory and in my own place for the first time. __46__， after the first few weeks, the excitement __47__ gradually and homesickness set in. I found myself sitting alone in my bedroom each night, __48__ my home, my mom and my dad.‎ My past summers had always been a __49__ time. I spent hours in riding my bike, playing basketball or __50__. I sat in the yard and __51__ my mom while she was watering flowers. I was __52__ to help my dad pull firewood for the winter. Every night I sat at a dinner table full of delicious food __53__ with love, and my family __54__ the room with the sound of sweet laughter. Now I found myself__55__ them more than ever.‎ ‎__56__ when my spirits were at the lowest, I heard a knock at the door, I __57__ it, and I was delighted and __58__ to see my mom and my dad standing there with big __59__ to fill my hungry heart and a box full of food to feed my hungry friends. We spent the whole day eating, talking, and just being together. It was so good, and I felt so __60__.‎ 语篇解读：作者在大学的第一个暑假没有回家，而是选择在校补课。在作者想念家人，情绪低落的时候，他的父母突然来看他，还从家里给他带来了好吃的食物。作者从父母那里感受到一份沉甸甸的爱。‎ ‎41．A.meal　　　　　　　　　B．journey C．debate D．break 解析：选D　作者在大学的第一个暑假，没有回家休息，而是选择在校补课。‎ ‎42．A.happened B．decided C．tried D．hesitated 解析：选B　作者和他的三个朋友决定留校补课。‎ ‎43．A.cleaned B．built C．rented D．lent 解析：选C　作者他们租了一个老房子的顶层来住。‎ ‎44．A.adventure B．question C．memory D．trip 解析：选A　房间很潮湿，在这里每睡一个晚上都是一次新的冒险。‎ ‎45．A.challenging B．surprising C．touching D．exciting 解析：选D　根据下文“the excitement __47__ gradually and homesickness set in”中的excitement提示可判断选D项。‎ ‎46．A.Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides 解析：选B　然而，前几个星期过后，激动的感觉渐渐消失，作者开始想家。‎ ‎47．A.grew B．gathered C．disappeared D．arrived 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎48．A.thinking of B．caring about C．worrying about D．thinking out 解析：选A　作者每天晚上独自坐在卧室里想念家和父母。‎ ‎49．A.hard B．common C．boring D．special 解析：选D　根据下文作者所介绍的在暑假所做的事可知，作者以前度过的暑假都是非常特别的。‎ ‎50．A.crying B．working C．swimming D．dreaming 解析：选C　作者在假期里有好几个小时都在骑自行车、打篮球或游泳。‎ ‎51．A.relied on B．spoke to C．talked about D．shouted at 解析：选B　作者坐在院子里，在妈妈浇花的时候和妈妈交谈。‎ ‎52．A.tired B．afraid C．unwilling D．proud 解析：选D　作者为自己能帮爸爸拉柴而感到骄傲。‎ ‎53．A.prepared B．covered C．produced D．concerned 解析：选A　每天晚上，作者坐在父母用爱心烹饪的一桌美味食物旁。‎ ‎54．A.decorated B．equipped C．filled D．provided 解析：选C　家人的笑声充满了整个房间。‎ ‎55．A.thanking B．missing C．understanding D．remembering 解析：选B　回想起过去快乐的暑假，作者更加想家了。‎ ‎56．A.Unluckily B．Quickly C．Gradually D．Finally 解析：选D　最后，就在作者的情绪降到了最低谷的时候，作者听到了敲门声。‎ ‎ 57.A.opened B．took C．got D．made 解析：选A　根据“I heard a knock at the door”可知，作者听到敲门声后就去开门。‎ ‎ 58. A.annoyed B．surprised C．frightened D．ashamed 解析：选B　作者在思念家人的时候，父母突然来了，作者当然是感到又喜又惊。‎ ‎59．A.presents B．wishes C．cheers D．smiles 解析：选D　作者看到父母面带微笑站在那里。‎ ‎ 60. A.loved B．respected C．determined D．supported 解析：选A　父母从家乡来到学校，给作者送吃的，让作者感受到一份沉甸甸的爱。‎ 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Princess Diana once said, “I understand people’s suffering and people’s pain, more than you will ever know yourself.” She has been described by many __61__ the world’s most loved woman. She was caring, loving and warm. She was also one of the most __62__ (society) powerful women of all time.‎ As soon as Princess Diana joined __63__ royal family, she challenged the old royal protocol (礼仪). She devoted herself to __64__ (support) the weak. She actually changed the role of the royal family. Some hated her for __65__， thinking that she was more like a pop star or a movie star than a member of the royal family; others loved her for __66__ she did and how she made the royal family seem __67__ (much) like real people.‎ She was a mixture of vulnerability (脆弱) and strength. She was vulnerable because she didn’t have any privacy and __68__ (follow) constantly. She was the most photographed woman in history. She was strong in the sense __69__ she worked hard and never stopped helping __70__.‎ Tragically, Princess Diana was killed in a car accident in Paris, cut down in her prime.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了英国的戴安娜王妃的生平事迹。她被认为是有史以来最有社会影响力的女性之一。‎ ‎61．as　describe sb. as ...意为“把某人描述为……”。‎ ‎62．socially　由语义和词法知识可知，此处用副词形式。‎ ‎63．the　此处用定冠词the(语境特指)，特指英国王室。‎ ‎64．supporting　此处to为介词，需用动名词作宾语。‎ ‎65．it　由上下文可知，此处需用人称代词it指代上文的She actually changed the role of the royal family。‎ ‎66．what　由语境可知，此处需用what引导宾语从句。‎ ‎67．more　由上文可推知，此处需用形容词的比较级形式。‎ ‎68．was followed　由句意可知，此处谓语动词需用一般过去时的被动形式。‎ ‎69．that　此处需用that引导同位语从句，先行词为sense。句意：在她努力工作、从不停止帮助别人这个意义上来说，她是强大的。‎ ‎70．others　由语境可知，此处需用不定代词others。‎ 第四部分　写作　(满分35分，限时35分钟)‎ 第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Next week is my father’s 45th birthday, and we will have a party in Saturday night. It’s a secret — Dad don’t know about it. Mom and I are organized the party. We have booked a big room in a hotel in our town and invite a jazz band to playing music during the evening. My aunt and uncle, that will stay in the hotel for our flat is very small, will arrive on Friday. They are coming all way from Greece. But my grandfather can’t come because of he’s still in hospital. I’m very sadly about that. Tomorrow morning Mom and I are going out to buy a special gift for Dad. I hope I can find everything nice!‎ 答案：第一句：in→on 第二句：don’t→doesn’t 第三句：organized→organizing 第四句：invite→invited; playing→play 第五句：that→who 第六句：way前加the 第七句：去掉of 第八句：sadly→sad 第十句：everything→something 第二节：书面表达(满分25分)‎ 在“世界急救日”即将到来之际，你校英语报计划出版一期急救常识专刊，现面向全校学生公开征集稿件，你有意参加。请你根据下面提示内容，用英语写一篇短文，介绍在车祸现场对伤者进行急救的方法和步骤。‎ ‎1．首先确保现场的安全；‎ ‎2．询问伤者，确保其呼吸正常；‎ ‎3．检查伤口，如流血则应采取止血措施；‎ ‎4．如需急救，确保其处于复苏体位。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：复苏体位recovery position ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考范文：‎ If there has been a traffic accident, we should first make sure that the accident scene is safe so that we won’t get hurt. We should ask the injured person if he or she is OK, and see if the injured person is breathing. If not, we must try to start his or her breathing. Next, we should check for cuts and wounds. If he or she is bleeding, we should try to stop the bleeding by using proper methods. Do remember: when giving first aid, please place the person in a recovery position.‎