【推荐】专题1-3 Unit 1 Grammar&Writing-试题君之K三关2017-2018学年高二英语人教版

【推荐】专题1-3 Unit 1 Grammar&Writing-试题君之K三关2017-2018学年高二英语人教版

一、动词不定式概述 ‎1．动词不定式是由＂to＋动词原形＂构成(有时可以省略to)。动词不定式的否定形式是＂not＋动词不定式＂‎ ‎ (not不与助动词连用)。 ‎ ‎2．动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。‎ ‎3．动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能，可在句中作多种句子成分。‎ ‎4．动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。‎ 二、动词不定式的句法功能 ‎1．动词不定式作主语。‎ ‎(1)可以直接作主语。‎ ‎ ☞To see is to believe.眼见为实。‎ ‎(2)用it作形式主语，真正的主语即不定式放在后面。‎ ‎ ☞It’s wrong to make fun of others.取笑别人是错误的。‎ ‎【名师点津】‎ 在“It is＋adj.＋不定式复合结构”句型中，当其中的形容词用来说明不定式逻辑主语的性格特点时，要由of引出逻辑主语，不能用for。这类形容词主要有bold, brave, careful, careless, clever, considerate, cruel, foolish, honest, kind, nice, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, wise等。‎ ‎☞It is very kind of you to help me.你帮我真是太好了。‎ ‎2．动词不定式作宾语。‎ ‎(1)不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词后面，常见的有：afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, ‎ ‎ manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等。‎ ‎ ☞He pretended to be reading.他假装正在读书。‎ ‎ ☞I’ve decided to go abroad now.现在我已决定出国。‎ ‎【巧学妙记】‎ 常接不定式作宾语的动词的记忆口诀：‎ 决心学会选计划，拒绝答应想假装；‎ 主动设法愿希望，同意请求帮一帮；‎ 准备威胁易声称，渴望申请败踌躇。‎ ‎(2)动词不定式作动词know, tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss等词的宾语时，前面常 ‎ 带whether或疑问词。即：whether/疑问词(how, when, where, what, who等)＋to do。‎ ‎ ☞We don’t know whether to accept the invitation.我们并不知道是否接受邀请。‎ ‎ ☞He showed us how to do the work.他教我们怎样做这项工作。‎ ‎(3)在＂find/feel/think＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.＂句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。‎ ‎ ☞The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.楼下的人发觉很难入睡。‎ ‎(4)forget, remember, stop, go on等之后接动词ing形式和不定式意义差别较大。‎ ‎ stop to do sth.停止一件事去做另一件事 ‎ stop doing sth.停止正在做的事 ‎ remember to do sth.记住去做某事 ‎ remember doing sth.记得做过某事 ‎ forget to do sth.忘记去做某事forget doing sth.忘记已做了某事 ‎ regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 ‎ try to do sth.设法……；试图……‎ ‎ try doing sth.试试看；试一试 ‎ mean to do sth.打算做……；想要 ‎ mean doing sth.意味着；就是 ‎3．动词不定式作表语。‎ ‎(1)直接放在be动词之后，表示一个具体的内容，起解释说明的作用，一般可以由that引导的表语从句替代。‎ ‎ ☞My ambition is to become a lawyer.我的理想是成为一名律师。‎ ‎(2)位于seem, appear, remain, prove等系动词之后。‎ ‎ ☞The old man seems to be ill.那位老人似乎病了。‎ ‎4．动词不定式作状语。‎ ‎(1)作目的状语。‎ ‎ ☞They went there to visit their teacher.他们去那拜访老师。‎ ‎ (2)作结果状语。‎ ‎ ☞He searched the room only to find nothing.他找遍了房间，结果什么也没有找到。‎ ‎(3)作程度状语。‎ ‎ ☞He was too excited not to say a few words.他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。‎ ‎(4)作原因状语。‎ ‎ 某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的形容词作表语时，后跟不定式表示原因。‎ ‎ ☞I am very glad to see you.见到你我非常高兴。‎ ‎ (5)作独立成分，修饰全句。‎ ‎ ☞To tell you the truth, I have got no money with me.说实话，我没有钱。‎ ‎5．动词不定式作定语。‎ ‎(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不 ‎ ‎ 定式后面须有相应的介词。‎ ‎ ☞The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家人有幢很舒适的房子住。‎ ‎(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动 ‎ 语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：‎ ‎ ☞Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？‎ ‎ (不定式to send的动作执行者是＂你＂)‎ ‎(3)用不定式作定语的几种情况：‎ ‎①不定式表将来。‎ ‎ ☞I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了些书在假期里读。‎ ‎②用来修饰序数词、形容词最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。‎ ‎ ☞He was the best man to do the job.他最适合干这项工作。‎ ‎③用来修饰的词是抽象名词时。常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, ‎ ‎ belief, way, reason, moment, time等。‎ ‎ ☞Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你有读写英语的能力吗？‎ ‎6．动词不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语。‎ ‎(1)常跟在宾语后。常跟to do作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, enable, beg, cause, drive(驱使), encourage, ‎ ‎ expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, want, warn等。‎ ‎ ☞We should encourage the students with disabilities to live well.‎ ‎ 我们应该鼓励有残疾的学生好好生活。‎ ‎(2)在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at等动词(词组)后的复合宾语中，不定 ‎ ‎ 式不带to，变为被动语态时则要带to，此时不定式作主语补足语。在help后，不定式可以带to，也可以 ‎ 不带to。‎ ‎ ☞The boss made the workers work 10 hours a day.‎ ‎ 老板让工人们一天工作10小时。(宾语补足语)‎ ‎ ☞The workers were made to work 10 hours a day by the boss.‎ ‎ 工人们被老板要求一天工作10小时。(主语补足语)‎ ‎ (3)在＂with＋n./pron.＋to do＂复合结构中，用不定式表示一个将来的动作。‎ ‎ ☞With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.‎ ‎ 由于没有可以说话的人，约翰感到很悲哀。‎ ‎1.（2017·北京）Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable ‎ ‎ time. ‎ ‎ A. save B. saving ‎ ‎ C. to save D. saved ‎2.（2017·天津） I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______.‎ ‎ A. catching B. caught ‎ ‎ C. to catch D. to be caught ‎3.（2016 • 北京）________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.‎ ‎ A. Made B. Make ‎ ‎ C. Making D. To make ‎4.（2015 • 陕西）After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career.‎ ‎ A. to thank B. thanking ‎ C. having thanked D. to have thanked ‎5.（2015 • 北京）_____the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.‎ ‎ A. Catching B. Caught ‎ ‎ C. To catch D. Catch ‎6. （2015 • 福建）________more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.‎ A. Learn B. Learned ‎ C. To learn D. To be learning Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1. Tom worked hard, only (fail) again at last.‎ ‎2. It is no good (watch) too much TV for children.‎ ‎3. It's good (help) others when they are in trouble.‎ ‎4. The man downstairs told the man upstairs not (drop) his shoes onto the floor at midnight any more.‎ ‎5. The goal of this activity is (meet) the needs of common people.‎ ‎6. Let me (hear) you (play) the violin.‎ ‎7. The question is very difficult (answer)．‎ ‎8. He was forced (take) a position that was paid less money.‎ ‎9. He pretended (read) the text when I came in.‎ ‎10. The snow seemed (blow) from the top of the mountain.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1. The boss made them work the whole night. (变为被动语态)‎ ‎ → ‎ ‎2. He wanted to shut the window. Tell him not to shut the window. (合并句子)‎ ‎ → ‎ ‎3. It is known that she has been working on the problem for many years. (变为简单句)‎ ‎ → ‎ ‎4. It seems that he is eating something. (变为简单句)‎ ‎ → ‎ ‎5. To study two languages is very hard. (用it作形式主语)‎ ‎ → ‎ ‎6. He felt it was necessary to help those in need. (变为简单句)‎ ‎ → ‎ ‎7. We believe that he is guilty. (变为简单句)‎ ‎ → ‎ ‎8. He ran fast so that he could catch the first bus. (变为简单句)‎ ‎ → ‎ ‎9. He searched the room but found nothing. (变为简单句)‎ ‎ → ‎ ‎10. The box is so heavy that we can't carry it. (变为简单句)‎ ‎ → ‎ Ⅲ. 完成句子 ‎1. 老板让他们整天干活。‎ ‎ The boss made ________________.‎ ‎ They were made ________________.‎ ‎2. 他只想出去玩。‎ ‎ He wants to do nothing but ________________.‎ ‎3. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。‎ ‎ He wants to believe anything but ______________.‎ ‎4. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。‎ ‎ I want ________________.‎ ‎5. 让他别关窗。‎ ‎ Tell him ________________.‎ ‎6. 他太激动了，说不出话来。‎ ‎ He is ________________.‎ ‎7. 我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。‎ ‎ She is known ________________ on the problem for many years.‎ ‎8. 他好像正在吃什么东西。‎ ‎ He seems ________________ something.‎ Ⅳ. 单项填空 ‎1. _______a good writer, you must find a quiet place where you can think, preferably one with limited accessibility.‎ ‎ A.Becoming B.To become ‎ ‎ C.Having become D.Become ‎2. Consumers, especially the elderly, find the new version of the mobile phone easier .‎ ‎ A.to operate B.to be operated ‎ ‎ C.operated D.operating ‎3. Actually, you can’t help, I dare say, by the great changes in my country.‎ ‎ A.to be impressed B.impressed ‎ ‎ C.to impress D.being impressed ‎4. —Why do you look so upset?‎ ‎ —I suddenly remember the hard problems next week.‎ ‎ A.to be solved B.being solved ‎ C.solved D.having been solved ‎5. Mother’s birthday is approaching and her a nice present, I’ve decided to stop treating myself to my ‎ ‎ favorite desserts and begin saving money. ‎ ‎ A.buying B.to have bought ‎ ‎ C.to buy D.having bought ‎6. Peter said he would treat me to a film, but lots of my homework , I refused his offer.‎ ‎ A.having been done B.being done ‎ ‎ C.to do D.done ‎7. ________the enthusiasm of the participants for the competition, the organizer sets up rich prizes for the winner.‎ ‎ A.Improve B.Improving ‎ ‎ C.To improve D.Having improved ‎8. Wang Baoqiang, a Chinese actor announced on line that his marriage broke down because his wife was found ‎ ‎ him .‎ ‎ A.to betray B.to have betrayed ‎ ‎ C.being betrayed D.having betrayed ‎9. Before stood a terrible man; the little girl could do nothing .‎ ‎ A.she;but cry B.her;but cry ‎ ‎ C.she;but to cry D.her;but crying ‎10. With so many things , I had to work late into the night.‎ ‎ A.to deal with B.to be dealt with ‎ ‎ C.dealing with D.being dealt with K真题 K好题 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1. to fail 2. watching 3. to help 4. to drop 5. to meet ‎6. hear; play 7. to answer 8. to take 9. to be reading 10. to have been blown Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1. They were made to work the whole night by the boss.‎ ‎2. He wanted to shut the window and tell him not to.‎ ‎3. She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.‎ ‎4. He seems to be eating something.‎ ‎5. It's very hard to study two languages.‎ ‎6. He felt it necessary to help those in need.‎ ‎7. We believe him to be guilty.‎ ‎8. He ran fast so as to catch the first bus.‎ ‎9. He searched the room only to find nothing.‎ ‎10. The box is too heavy for us to carry.‎ Ⅲ. 完成句子 ‎1. them work all day; to work all day　 2. play 3. to take medicine　‎ ‎4. to have you talk with Tom　 5. not to close the window　 ‎ ‎6. too excited to say a word 7. to have researched　 8. to be eating Ⅳ. 单项填空 ‎4. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。——你为什么看起来这么焦虑?——我突然想起下周要解决的棘手的问题。 ‎ ‎ 句中的next week暗示着这些棘手的问题还未解决,因此用不定式作后置定语。 ‎ ‎5. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈的生日临近,为了给她买个精美的礼物,我已经决定不再给自己买 我最喜欢的甜点并开始攒钱。根据句意,to buy her a nice present是不定式短语作目的状语。 ‎ ‎6. C【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意:彼得说他想请我看场电影,但是由于我有许多家庭作业要做,我拒绝了 他的好意。根据句意及句子结构可知,家庭作业还没有完成,故应用动词不定式to do 表示将要做什么事。 此处的lots of my homework to do是独立主格结构,在句中充当原因状语。 ‎ ‎7. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了提高参与者比赛的积极性,组织者为获胜者设置了丰厚的奖品。空 处在句中作目的状语,应用动词不定式结构。‎ ‎8. B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：王宝强，一个中国演员在线宣布他的婚姻破裂，因为他 的妻子被发现 背叛了他。find+宾语+宾语补足语，故betray是宾语补足语，与宾语his wife主动关系；不定式作宾语 补足语表示动作已发生，现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在发生，根据语境可知，betray的动作发生 先于谓语动词found，故用不定式的完成时。故选B。‎ ‎9. B【解析】考查代词和非谓语动词。句意：一个可怕的人站在面前，这个小女孩除了哭什么也不能做。表 示方位的介副词置句首，句子使用完全倒装，before置句首，故空格处是介词before的宾语，作宾语用 人称代词的宾格，故第一空填her；“do nothing but do sth.”表示“除了做某事什么也做不了”，but是介 词，后可以接不定式作宾语，如果前文中有实义动词do的形式，则省略不定式符号to。故选B。‎ Writing：建议信 ‎ 建议信是作者就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。一般来说，建议信的正文分为三部分：开头、主体和结尾。开头一般开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点。主体则是对所提出的问题进行分析、说明理由，接着提出自己的建议。结尾则是对开头的呼应，重申自己的观点。‎ ‎ 建议信一般采取“三段式结构”，通常以firstly, secondly, thirdly或to begin with, then, later等依次陈述建议。‎ 首段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢，亦可表明自己的诚意。‎ 中段：围绕对方的困惑、烦恼等问题，用科学委婉的语言提出自己的建议、方法。注意要充分考虑到对方 的实际问题，表达时应选择得体的语言。切忌用语生硬呆板，泛泛而谈。‎ 末段：简单地提出希望。希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助。‎ I would like to suggest that...‎ I am writing to express my views concerning...‎ You have asked for my advice about... and I will try to make some suggestions.‎ If I were you, I would...‎ It seems to me that you could...‎ I think it would be more beneficial if you could...‎ I believe you will take my advice into account.‎ I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions practical/useful/helpful.‎ I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.‎ I will be ready for further discussing this matter into details.‎ ‎ 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写回信。‎ 要点：‎ ‎ 1. 参加中文学习班；‎ ‎ 2. 看中文书刊、电视；‎ ‎ 3. 学唱中文歌曲；‎ ‎ 4. 交中国朋友。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数120～150；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Peter，‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ Best wishes，‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎【思路点拨】　‎ ‎ 本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：‎ 一、注意回信的人称和时态； ‎ 二、主要内容是谈个人建议；‎ 三、建议内容要具体且实用，提供建议的同时指出采纳建议的益处。‎ ‎【词汇热身】‎ ‎1. 参加中文学习班 ‎ ‎2. 向……学习 ‎ ‎3. 中文书刊 ‎ ‎4. 随时 ‎ ‎5. 此外 ‎ ‎6. 学唱中文歌曲 ‎ ‎7. 交中国朋友 ‎ ‎【答案】　‎ ‎【句式温习】‎ ‎1. 首先，参加中文学习班是非常重要的。‎ ‎ First, take a Chinese course.‎ ‎2. 其次，随时看中文书刊、电视也是有帮助的。‎ ‎ Then, to watch TV and read books，newspapers，and magazines in ‎ ‎ Chinese .‎ ‎3. 此外，学唱中文歌曲应该是个好主意。‎ ‎ Besides， learn and sing Chinese songs.‎ ‎4. 这么做，你将会更容易学会并记住汉字。‎ ‎ you will learn and remember Chinese words more easily.‎ ‎5. 他们会告诉你有关中国的大量信息，并且帮助你学汉语。‎ ‎ They will tell you a lot about China and .‎ ‎6. 下次试着用汉语给我写信。‎ ‎ in Chinese next time.‎ ‎【答案】　‎ ‎1. it is important to　 2. it also helps；whenever possible　‎ ‎3. it should be a good idea to　 4. By doing so ‎5. help you learn Chinese　 6. Try writing to me ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Peter，‎ ‎ I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.‎ ‎ Here are a few suggestions. First，it is important to take a Chinese course，as you'll be able to learn from the teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then，it also helps to watch TV and read books，newspapers，and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.‎ ‎ Besides，it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs，because by doing so you will learn and remember Chinese words more easily. In addition，you can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.‎ ‎ I hope you will find these suggestions helpful. Try writing to me in Chinese next time.‎ Best wishes，‎ Li Hua