2020届人教版高中英语复习必修5学案：Unit5Firstaid

2020届人教版高中英语复习必修5学案：Unit5Firstaid

Unit 5 First aid 一、刷黑板—— Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．bleed vi.& vt.　　　　 流血 ‎2．ankle n. 踝(关节)‎ ‎3．choke vi.& vt. (使)噎住；(使)窒息 ‎4．cupboard n. 橱柜；衣柜 ‎5．ray n. 光线；射线 ‎6．liquid n. 液体　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第二屏听写]‎ ‎7．radiation n．　　　　　　 辐射；射线 ‎8．pan n. 平底锅；盘子 ‎9．stove n. 炉子；火炉 ‎10．tissue n. (生物)组织；薄的织物；手巾纸 ‎11．swollen adj. 肿胀的 ‎12．scissors n．(pl.) 剪刀　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第三屏听写]‎ ‎13．basin n．　　　　　　 盆；盆地 ‎14．bandage n. 绷带 ‎15．kettle n. (水)壶；罐 ‎16．wrist n. 手腕 ‎17．sleeve n. 袖子 ‎18．blouse n. 女衬衫 ‎19．throat n. 咽喉；喉咙　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎1．aid n．& vt.　　　　　　 帮助；援助；资助 ‎2．temporary adj. 暂时的；临时的 ‎3．injury n. 损伤；伤害 ‎4．skin n. 皮；皮肤 ‎5．organ n. 器官 ‎6．barrier n. 屏障；障碍(物)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎7．poison n．　　　　　　　 毒药；毒害 vt. 毒害；使中毒 ‎8．complex adj. 复杂的 ‎9．variety n. 变化；多样(化)；多变(性)‎ ‎10．mild adj. 轻微的；温和的；温柔的 ‎11．mildly adv. 轻微地；温和地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎12．unbearable adj.　　 难以忍受的；不能容忍的 ‎13．squeeze vt.& vi. 榨；挤；压榨 ‎14．vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的 ‎15．symptom n. 症状；征兆 ‎16．pour vt.& vi. 倒；灌；注；涌 ‎17．damp adj. 潮湿的 ‎18．tight adj. 牢的；紧的；紧密的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第七屏听写]‎ ‎19．tightly adv.　　　　 紧地；牢牢地 ‎20．firm adj. (动作)稳定有力的；坚定的 ‎21．firmly adv. 坚固地；稳定地 ‎22．ceremony n. 典礼；仪式；礼节 ‎23．bravery n. 勇敢；勇气 ‎24．treat vt.& vi. 治疗；对待；款待 n. 款待；招待　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第八屏听写]‎ ‎25．apply vt.　　 　　　 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi. 申请；请求；使用；有效 ‎26．pressure n. 压力；挤压；压迫(感)‎ ‎27．ambulance n. 救护车 ‎28．swell vi.& vt. (使)膨胀；隆起 ‎29．first_aid (对伤患者的)急救 ‎30．fall_ill 生病　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第九屏听写]‎ ‎31．electric_shock　　　　 触电；电休克 ‎32．squeeze_out 榨出；挤出 ‎33．over_and_over_again 反复；多次 ‎34．in_place 在适当的位置；适当 ‎35．a_number_of 若干；许多 ‎36．put_one's_hands_on 找到 ‎37．make_a_difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ 二、刷清单—— ‎(一)核心单词 阅读单词 ‎1.bleed vi.& vt.(bled, bled)‎ ‎　　　　　流血 ‎2．ankle n. 踝(关节)‎ ‎3．choke vi.& vt. (使)噎住；(使)窒息 ‎4．cupboard n. 橱柜；衣柜 ‎5．ray n. 光线；射线 ‎6．liquid n. 液体 ‎7.radiation n．　　　辐射；射线 ‎8．pan n. 平底锅；盘子 ‎9．stove n. 炉子；火炉 ‎10．tissue n．(生物)组织；薄的织物；手巾纸 ‎11．swollen adj. 肿胀的 ‎12．scissors n．(pl.) 剪刀 ‎13.basin n．　　　盆；盆地 ‎14．bandage n. 绷带 ‎15．kettle n. (水)壶；罐 ‎16．wrist n. 手腕 ‎17．sleeve n. 袖子 ‎18．blouse n. 女衬衫 ‎19．throat n. 咽喉；喉咙 表达单词 ‎1.aid n．&vt.　　　　帮助；援助；资助 ‎2．temporary adj. 暂时的；临时的 ‎3．barrier n. 屏障；障碍(物)‎ ‎4．unbearable adj. 难以忍受的；不能容忍的 ‎5．squeeze vt.&vi. 榨；挤；压榨 ‎6．vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的 ‎7．symptom n. 症状；征兆 ‎8．pour vt.&vi. 倒；灌；注；涌 ‎9．apply vt. 涂；敷；搽；应用；‎ ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．As everybody knows, cancer doesn't show any symptoms (症状) in its early stages.‎ ‎2．Cut the lemon in half and squeeze (榨；挤) the juice out into the bowl.‎ ‎3．The skin, whose functions are very complex, is our body's largest organ which acts as a barrier (屏障) against disease and the sun's harmful rays. ‎ ‎4．One of the station staff saw he was in difficulty and came to his aid (援助)．‎ ‎5．The nurse applied pressure (压力) to his arm to stop the bleeding.‎ ‎6．We find such rudeness quite unbearable 运用 vi. 申请；请求；使用；有效 ‎10．pressure n. 压力；挤压；压迫(感)‎ ‎11．complex adj. 复杂的 ‎12．ceremony n. 典礼；仪式；礼节 ‎13．damp adj. 潮湿的 ‎14．skin n. 皮；皮肤 ‎ (难以忍受的)．‎ ‎7．It was vital (至关重要的) to show that he was not afraid.‎ ‎8．He applied (申请) to be sent to the northwest of China.‎ 拓 展 单 词 ‎1.tight adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly adv.紧地；牢牢地 ‎2．firm adj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmly adv.坚固地；稳定地 ‎3．bravery n．勇敢；勇气→brave adj.勇敢的；有勇气的→bravely adv.勇敢地 ‎4．treat vt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待→treatment n．治疗；疗法；对待；待遇 ‎5．variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→various adj.各种各样的→vary v．改变；使多样化 ‎6．mild adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地 ‎7．injury n．损伤；伤害→injure vt.损伤；伤害；使受伤→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的 ‎8．poison n．毒药；毒害vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的 ‎9．swell vi.&vt.(使)膨胀；隆起→swollen adj.肿胀的 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．He said mildly (mild) to me that he didn't mean to upset me. ‎ ‎2．The burning plastic gave off poisonous (poison) gas, which is harmful to our health.‎ ‎3．I firmly (firm) believe that the more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.‎ ‎4．The people in the flooded area fought bravely against the natural disaster. Their bravery deserved to be praised.(brave)‎ ‎5．We like to live a life full of variety and men's tastes are various.(vary)‎ ‎6．People had to treat themselves in their own way before they received the treatment sent by the government.(treat)‎ ‎7．Tom got badly injured in the car accident. The injury to his leg was really serious.(injury)‎ ‎8．His face was swollen (swell) with toothache so I advised him to see a dentist before it got worse.‎ ‎(二)常用短语 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.first_aid　　　　　　(对伤患者的)急救 ‎1.Arriving in London, she suddenly fell_ill ‎2．fall_ill 生病 ‎3．make_a_difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用 ‎4．squeeze_out 榨出；挤出 ‎5．over_and_over_again 反复；多次 ‎6．in_place 在适当的位置；适当 ‎7．prevent_...from_... 阻止……‎ ‎8．put_one's_hands_on 找到 ‎9．take_off 起飞；流行；脱下；(事业)腾飞 ‎10．act_as 担任；充当 ‎11．electric_shock 触电；电休克 ‎ because she couldn't bear the changeable weather. ‎ ‎2．The professor always urges us that everything should be put in_place before we leave the lab.‎ ‎3．I'm sure that our hard work can make_a_difference and everything will be OK.‎ ‎4．I've told you over_and_over_again not to do that but you won't listen.‎ ‎5．My writing career took_off when I discovered my own style.‎ ‎6．Hannah was busy with work then but she still tried her best to squeeze_out some time from her tight schedule to visit her mother.‎ ‎(三)经典句式 原句背诵 句式解构 佳句仿写 ‎1.... it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.‎ ‎……正是皮肤让你感到冷热和疼痛，皮肤还使你有触觉。‎ where在句中引导表语从句，表示“……的地方”，相当于the place where，在表语从句中作地点状语。‎ 他想去巴黎，但我更喜欢去伦敦，那就是我们的分歧所在。‎ He wants to go to Paris, but I want to go to London; that's_where_we_differ. ‎ ‎2.Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.‎ 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉，如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。‎ if necessary“如果有必要的话”为省略句，补全后为：if it is necessary。‎ 如果有必要的话，我将亲自去那儿一趟。‎ If_necessary,_I'll go there myself. ‎ ‎3.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.‎ 约翰正在房间里学习，突然他听到了尖叫声。‎ be doing ...when ...“正在做……这时突然……”。‎ 我们正在讨论问题，这时停电了。‎ We were_discussing_the_problem_when there was a power cut.‎ ‎4.There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.‎ There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，其中的that引导同位语从句。‎ 毫无疑问，那里的孩子极需要关爱和帮助。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that children there are badly in need ‎ 毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能，挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。‎ of care and help. ‎ ‎(四)初中考点再回顾 高频考查类——记熟 文化差异类——辨清 易忘易错类——勤览 ‎1.thin adj.　　　　　　薄的 ‎2．twice_a_week 每周两次 ‎3．work_on 从事 ‎4．the marks of ... ……的印痕 ‎ ‎5．the standards of ... ……的标准 ‎6．walk into 撞到 ‎1.drive sb. mad/crazy使某人发狂/发疯 ‎2．get mad 大动肝火 ‎3．be thirsty for 渴望；渴求 ‎4．have a point 有道理 ‎5．in line with 和……成一排 ‎6．keep one's cool 沉住气 ‎1.specially adv.专门的；特别的 ‎2．especially adv. 尤其；特别 ‎3．fridge n. 冰箱 ‎4．sound like 听起来像……‎ ‎5．look like 看起来像……‎ ‎6．boarding school 寄宿学校 一、过重点单词—— ‎1．aid n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助 ‎[教材原句]　First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.‎ 急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人给予临时性的帮助。‎ ‎(1)do/offer/give/perform/carry out first aid to sb.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　 对某人进行急救 with the aid of sb.＝with sb.'s aid 在某人的帮助下 in aid of 为了援助；支持 go/come to one's aid 去/来援助某人 apply for aid 申请支援 ‎(2)aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在某方面帮助某人 aid sb. with sth. 以某事/物帮助某人 aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I aid the poor girl in continuing her study.‎ ‎②They were accused of aiding him to_escape (escape)．‎ ‎③He aids the poor with money.‎ 单句改错 ‎④With aid of opening the door, they fixed a handle in it.With→In ‎⑤I couldn't speak any French, but a nice man came my aid and told me where to go.came后加to 补全句子 ‎⑥With_the_aid_of_our_English_teacher,_we have made great progress this term.‎ 在我们英语老师的帮助下，这学期我们取得了很大的进步。‎ ‎2．vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的 ‎[教材原句]　If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.‎ 如果是二度或者三度烧伤，至关重要的是把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院。‎ be vital for/to sth.　　　　　　　　 对……极为重要 It is vital that ...(should) do sth. ……是十分重要的 It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Enough sleep is vital for/to the students' wellbeing and health.‎ ‎②As far as I'm concerned, it is vital to_keep (keep) accurate records.‎ 单句写作 ‎③如果我们要想在生活中发挥作用，重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。(2014·湖北高考短文写作)‎ If we are to make a difference in life, it's vital that we (should)_begin_with_small_things.‎ ‎3．treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待 ‎ ‎[教材原句]　John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.‎ 约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。‎ ‎(1)treat sb. as ...　　　　　　 把某人当……看待 treat sth. seriously 认真对待某事/物 treat sb./oneself to 用……款待某人/自己 ‎(2)It's my treat. 我请客。‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Men and women must be_treated (treat) equally in education and employment.‎ ‎②Drink driving should be treated as a crime regardless of whether the driver causes a crash.‎ 单句改错 ‎③I'll treat you for lunch at the restaurant in front of our school.for→to ‎④Treat the earth serious, for it is not given to you by your parents but lent to you by your children.serious→seriously ‎4．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用；脚踩 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效 ‎[教材原句]　He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.‎ 他按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。‎ ‎[练牢基点]　写出下列句中apply的含义 ‎①You may apply in person or by letter; either will be OK.申请 ‎②At last he applied a little wax polish (蜡油) on the leg.涂；敷 ‎③The dog lying on the road, he applied his brake quickly.脚踩 ‎④The new discovery may be applied in medicine.应用；运用 ‎[系统考点]‎ ‎(1)apply ... to ...　　　　　 把……运用到……中；‎ ‎ 把……涂到……上 apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力于 apply to ... 适应/适用……‎ apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请……‎ ‎(2)applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请；申请书；适用 ‎[练通重点]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎⑤If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her.‎ ‎⑥Over the years, he has applied himself to improving (improve) the living conditions of the migrant workers. ‎ 单句写作 ‎⑦我写信是想申请学生志愿者这个职位。(2015·陕西高考书面表达)‎ I'm writing to_apply_for_the_position as a student volunteer. ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.‎ ‎2．If you try and lift that heavy suitcase, you will do yourself an injury.‎ ‎3．As everyone can see, education is vital to/for the country's future.‎ ‎4．We are treating Mom to dinner for her birthday.‎ ‎5．With the aid of a compass the traveler can find the land.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换/一句多译 ‎1．If you apply yourself to the job in hand, you'll soon finish it. ‎ ‎→Applying_yourself_to_the_job_in_hand,_you'll_soon_finish_it.(现在分词短语作状语)‎ ‎2．有各种各样的方法来处理这些问题。‎ ‎①There are various ways of dealing with such matters.‎ ‎②There are a_variety_of ways of dealing with such matters.‎ ‎③There are varieties_of ways of dealing with such matters.‎ ‎3．我的教授帮助我继续做研究。‎ ‎①My professor aided me to_continue my research.‎ ‎②My professor aided me in continuing my research.‎ 二、过短语、句式—— ‎1．in place在适当的位置；适当 ‎[教材原句]　Hold the bandage in place with tape.‎ 用胶布把绷带固定。‎ ‎(1)out of place　　　　 不在适当位置；不合适 in place of 代替；取代 in the first place 首先；第一 ‎(2)take place 发生 take one's place 就座；代替 take the place of 代替；取代 ‎[多角练透]‎ 用in place/out of place填空 ‎①You'd better put things back in_place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things.‎ ‎②Some of these books are out_of_place,_making the whole room messy.‎ 句型转换 ‎③We want another girl in place of her.‎ ‎→We want another girl to take_the_place_of her.‎ 单句写作 ‎④首先，我把散落在屋子里的所有书、报纸和其他东西收拾起来，并把它们放在适当的位置。(2013·陕西高考书面表达)‎ Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and ‎ put_them_in_place.‎ ‎2．make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用 ‎[教材原句]　It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.‎ 这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。‎ ‎(1)make a difference to　 对……有作用/有影响 make some/no/little difference (to ...) (对……)有些/没作用或影响 ‎(2)tell the difference (between ... and ...)‎ ‎ 辨别/区分(……与……)‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①His words make no difference to him, for he is quite stubborn.‎ ‎②Does it make any/a difference whether she will come to our party? ‎ ‎③The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference between them.‎ 单句写作 ‎④我不仅不会到处丢垃圾吐痰，而且无论何时都会帮忙清理路边的垃圾。我希望我的行为能起到作用。(2013·安徽高考书面表达)‎ Not only will I keep from littering or spitting anywhere, but I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my_behavior_will_make_a_difference.‎ ‎3．be doing ...when ...‎ John was_studying in his room when he heard screaming.‎ 约翰正在房间里学习，突然他听到了尖叫声。 ‎ be doing ...when ...“正在做……这时突然……”，when 为并列连词，表示“这时；突然”，相当于and then/and at that time。‎ ‎①Last Monday, I was_walking (walk) in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle. ‎ 上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。‎ be about to do ...when ... 正要做……这时突然……‎ be on the point of doing ...when ... 正要做……这时突然……‎ had just done ...when ... 刚做完……这时突然……‎ ‎②I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.(2014·福建高考书面表达)‎ ‎→I was_on_the_point_of_giving_up_when my best friend encouraged me to go on.‎ 我正要放弃这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。‎ ‎③I had_just_finished my exam paper when the bell rang.‎ 我刚做完试卷，下课铃就响了。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．In the first place, I think it very important to make more friends abroad.‎ ‎2．Some students often pour out their trouble to our teachers.‎ ‎3．As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.‎ ‎4．We have a lot in common; that is where we can cooperate.‎ ‎5．They had_covered (cover) three miles when they realized they had left their IDs at home.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Don't take anything away. Mother likes everything to be in the place.去掉the ‎2．A few kind words at the right time make difference.difference前加a ‎3．She was thinking about the problem then Tom patted her.then→when ‎4．He read every book he could put his hand on.hand→hands ‎5．It was in 1993 when I graduated from the university.when→that ‎6．She had good knowledge of English when she was in the university.had后加a Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子 ‎1．(2014·陕西高考满分作文)众所周知，我们学校在英语教学方面非常独特。(as引导的定语从句)‎ As_is_known_to_all,_our school is unique in English teaching and studying for all the students.‎ ‎2．反复练习它直到你记住。(over and over again)‎ Practice_it_over_and_over_again until you remember it.‎ ‎3．只有我们知道过低碳生活在日常生活中做什么，我们才能有所不同。(make a difference)‎ Only if we know what we do in our daily life and live a lowcarbon life can_we_make_a_difference.‎ ‎4．如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问，我们就能精通英语。(there is no doubt that)‎ If we can do as mentioned above, there_is_no_doubt_that_we_can_master_English.‎ ‎5．(2014·湖北高考短文写作)我去书店的路上，在一个十字路口等绿灯，这时一个大约十岁的女孩被一辆驶过的车撞倒了。 (be doing ... when ...)‎ I was on my way to the bookstore and was_waiting_for_the_green_light_at_a_crossing_when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car.‎ 三、过语法、写作—— ‎(一)单元小语法——省略 Ⅰ.用省略形式补全句子 ‎1—You should have given me a ring before you left.‎ ‎—I_meant_to (我打算给你打电话), but I was in a hurry that time.‎ ‎2．—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.‎ ‎—I_won't (我不会忘的)．‎ ‎3．—You seem to have lost your way. Need_help (需要帮助吗)?‎ ‎—I'm looking for the nearest post office.‎ ‎4．The flowers his friend gave him will die unless_watered_every_day (除非每天浇水)．‎ ‎5．—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?‎ ‎—I'd_like_to (我愿意去), but I promised Nancy to go out with her.‎ ‎6．Present at their wedding were about 300 guests, many_more_than_expected (比预想的要多许多)．‎ ‎7．It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. If_so (如果这样的话), we'd better take it to the garage immediately.‎ ‎8．—I listen to English every day over the radio.‎ ‎—Sounds_interesting (听起来很有趣)．‎ Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句 ‎1．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.‎ ‎→The_burn_she_got_from_the_iron_was_red_and_very_painful.‎ ‎2．Just take a short break if you are tired.‎ ‎→Just_take_a_short_break_if_tired.‎ ‎3．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course.‎ ‎→Only_some_of_the_students_have_done_a_first_aid_course_but_most_haven't.‎ ‎4．Who do you suggest should be sent to work there?‎ ‎→Who_do_you_suggest_be_sent_to_work_there?‎ ‎5．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.‎ ‎→She_stood_at_the_gate_as_if_waiting_for_someone.‎ ‎(二)课堂微写作练缩写——让语言更凝练 ‎[题目要求]‎ 在日常生活中懂得一些基本的急救知识是非常重要的，这或许会挽救一个人的生命。请把下面作文缩写成100词左右的文章，阐述急救的重要性。注意保留加黑部分。‎ It is important to know how to give first aid, particularly in lifethreatening situations.Examples of these are choking, excessive (过多) bleeding, drowning, poisoning and the stopping of one's breath or heartbeat. First aid is what a person can do to a wounded or sick ‎ person, or on any immediate situation that involves lifethreatening matters, before the doctor arrives.‎ The aims of first aid are：to keep the person alive.This counts for lifethreatening and immediate situations; to stabilize the condition of the person, and lastly, to relieve any pain, discomfort and most importantly, anxiety.Ideally, a first aider is someone who has attended classes on emergency care and has undergone first aid training.But not all of us have the opportunity to receive such training because of our individual work and activities.‎ Almost all of us will have to administer emergency assistance at some point.And if so, we would have to use a first aid kit (急救箱). This is why it is always advised that every home should have a first aid supply, because an emergency knocks on the most unexpected time.‎ ‎[答案示例]‎ It is important to know how to give first aid, which is what a person can do to a wounded or sick person, or on any immediate situation before the doctor arrives. The aims of first aid are: to keep the person alive; to stabilize the condition of the person, and to relieve any pain, discomfort and most importantly, anxiety.Almost all of us will have to administer emergency assistance at some point. This is why it is always advised that every home should have a first aid supply, because an emergency knocks on the most unexpected time.‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Most buildings are built to stand up straight, but these look as if they might fall over!‎ The church tower of Suurhusen Built in 1450, the 27metrehigh church tower lies in Suurhusen, Germany. It was built in wet land on foundations of oak tree trunks (树干). When the land was drained (排水) later, the wood broke down, causing one side of the tower to be a little lower than the other. In 1975, the tower became a real hazard and people were not allowed to enter until the foundations were made strong again. The lean (倾斜) of the tower is now about five degrees.‎ The Leaning Tower of Pisa The work of building the tower began in 1173, and was finally completed in 1372. In fact, it began to lean after just a couple of floors were built. And this condition continued in the centuries after its completion. The tower was finally closed to the public in 1990 after people failed to stabilize (使稳固) its foundations. In 2001, it was reopened after engineers removed soil from underneath its raised side. Now it leans just an angle of 3.97 degrees.‎ Capital Gate of Abu Dhabi Completed in 2011, the Capital Gate tower in Abu Dhabi was designed to lean eighteen degrees. The building stands next to the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre and contains,‎ ‎ among other things, a fine hotel with wonderful views of the harbour. Also known as the leaning tower of Abu Dhabi, the tower is one of the tallest buildings in the city.‎ Big Ben of London The building leans 0.26 degrees to the northwest. This was mainly caused by the engineering projects (项目) that have been carried out in the ground below it since the late 1800s. The tower, which has been continuously open since it was completed in 1858, has nowhere near the lean of the Tower of Pisa and is still completely safe to enter.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四座闻名世界的斜塔。‎ ‎1．The underlined word “hazard” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．‎ A．danger　　　　　　　　 B．church C．castle D．treasure 解析：选A　词义猜测题。由该词后的“people were not allowed to enter until the foundations were made strong again”可知，塔由于倾斜变得危险了，所以不允许人们进去了，故选A项。‎ ‎2．What can we learn about the Leaning Tower of Pisa?‎ A．It didn't lean until ten years after its completion.‎ B．It took almost two hundred years to complete.‎ C．It was built on foundations of oak tree trunks.‎ D．It has been open since it was completed.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第三段中的“The work of building the tower began in 1173, and was finally completed in 1372.”可知，建成比萨斜塔用了将近200年的时间，故选B项。‎ ‎3．Which of the following towers leans the most according to the text?‎ A．The church tower of Suurhusen.‎ B．The Leaning Tower of Pisa.‎ C．Capital Gate of Abu Dhabi.‎ D．Big Ben of London.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第二段中的“five degrees”，第三段中的“3.97 degrees”，第四段中的“eighteen degrees”和最后一段中的“0.26 degrees”可知，C项为正确答案。‎ B First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life. In many emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make a difference.‎ Firstaid measures depend upon the victim's needs and the provider's level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck ‎ injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪)．‎ Despite the variety of injuries, several principles of first aid can apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking people around or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.‎ First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether lifethreatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim's condition is known as the acronym (首字母缩略词) ABC, which stands for：‎ A—Airway: Is it open and clear?‎ B—Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.‎ C—Circulation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是急救的重要性以及如何实施急救。‎ ‎4.First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT ________.‎ A．saving a victim's life B．preventing a victim's condition from getting worse C．relieving a victim from pain D．helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It may save ... provide relief from pain.”可知A、B、C三项的内容均为急救的作用。再根据对急救的描述可知，急救不能避免突发的疾病或伤害。‎ ‎5．Before we offer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us to ________.‎ A．make sure what to do and what not to do B．refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid C．remove the medical card he/she may take D．take him/her to a hospital at once 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Knowing what not to do ... knowing what to do.”可知A项正确。‎ ‎6．When giving first aid to a victim, you should first of all ________.‎ A．remove him/her from the accident scene B．turn him/her over C．call for professional medical help D．examine him/her carefully 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句话“The first step is to call for professional medical help.”可知，首先是寻找专业的医疗帮助，故选C。‎ ‎7．You may assess a victim's condition by all the following EXCEPT ________.‎ A．checking whether there is a pulse B．looking, listening and feeling for breathing C．measuring his/her blood pressure D．examining whether the airway is open and clear 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知A、B、D三项均表述正确，而C项没有提及，故应选C。‎ C Sometimes very odd things show up in ordinary places. In the 1800s, a strange sight began to be reported by farmers. Then in the 1970s, this strange event began to happen more and more often. People traveled for miles to stand in the fields and take photos of something they couldn't easily explain. What were they looking at? It was the crop circles — large and complex (复杂的) designs set into the middle of ordinary farm fields. No one could understand how these huge designs were made.‎ Crop circles are found most often in fields of wheat, corn, or rice. They are usually created overnight, although some are reported to have appeared during the day. They have been seen all around the world, in more than 70 different countries. Scientists have found that the plants inside a crop circle are drier than the ones outside it. The plant stems (茎) are bent and not broken in most crop circles, and sometimes the soil in the design has more iron than the soil outside of the design. Unfortunately, these facts alone do not help scientists answer their questions about crop circles. These facts only make them more mysterious.‎ Some people believe crop circles are made by UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) landing in farm fields. Others think aliens (外星人) are leaving us messages in the beautiful designs. Still others believe Earth energy under the ground makes plants bend over in designs. Some people say they actually made the crop circles with special equipment. Scientists have found some crop circles that are certainly made by people, but they are usually a little different from other crop circles. So who makes crop circles and why they make them can't be explained to this very day.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麦田怪圈的相关知识。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined word “odd” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?‎ A．Big. B．Bad.‎ C．Unreal. D．Unusual.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“a strange sight, something they couldn't easily explain”以及“No one could understand how”可知，这些提示信息均指向一些人们无法理解的不寻常的事情。‎ ‎9．It's generally thought that crop circles ________.‎ A．are made during the night B．happen in the same places C．are found in terrible places D．have very frightening designs 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They are usually created overnight”可知，人们普遍认为麦田怪圈是一夜之间形成的。‎ ‎10．Which of the following have the scientists proved?‎ A．Some crop circles are manmade.‎ B．UFOs help create some crop circles.‎ C．There actually are crop circles made by aliens.‎ D．Earth energy is one reason for crop circles' appearance.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Scientists have found some crop circles that are certainly made by people”可知，科学家已经证实有一些麦田怪圈是有人蓄意为之。‎ ‎11．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．The History of Crop Circles B．Different Designs of Crop Circles C．Crop Circles: The Unsolved Mystery D．Crop Circles: The Great Influence on Farms 解析：选C　标题归纳题。文章第一段点出“No one could understand how these huge designs were made”，最后一段中的“who makes crop circles and why they make them can't be explained to this very day”再次点明文章的主题，即：麦田怪圈一直是个不解之谜。故C项作标题概括了文章主旨。‎ D Are you at least 17 years old? Do you weigh more than 110 pounds? Do you consider yourself fairly healthy?‎ If you answered yes to all of these questions, you should be donating (捐赠) blood every two months. In my survey of my schoolmates, I found that only 50 percent of them have ever donated blood and that only 1 out of 13 of them donate regularly. The lack (缺少) of blood donors is a serious problem that requires immediate action.‎ According to the American Red Cross Web pages, in the United States alone someone receives a blood transfusion (输血) once every three seconds. People who benefit from donations ‎ include cancer patients as well as babies. The need for blood never takes a vacation and neither should donors.‎ Let me tell you about Brooke, a threeyearold girl with cancer. Brooke has spent about half of her life in the hospital receiving treatments. Her treatment will require about 500 units of blood in total, of which only 250 units have been replaced. She still needs the other half of the total amount to continue her treatment. If she doesn't receive this blood, she will not live to start kindergarten.‎ Examples like Brooke's are becoming all too common these days, with only 1 in 20 Americans donating blood and this number keeps dropping each year. These facts are extremely worrying considering that nearly half of us here will need blood sometime in our lives.‎ You can now see the seriousness of the problem with the lack of blood donations. Fortunately, it is a problem that can be easily solved. Each and every one of you can be part of the solution. All you have to do is go to the nearest Red Cross and donate your blood.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中论述了义务献血的紧迫性。‎ ‎12．How does the author explain the problem mentioned in Paragraph 2?‎ A．By answering questions.‎ B．By making comparisons.‎ C．By presenting research findings.‎ D．By describing his own experiences.‎ 解析：选C　写作手法题。根据第二段中的“In my survey of my schoolmates, I found that ...”可知，作者在第二段主要是通过陈述自己的研究发现来解释说明献血者少这一问题。‎ ‎13．What can we learn from the American Red Cross Web pages?‎ A．The suffering of patients.‎ B．The strong need for blood.‎ C．The efforts of the Red Cross.‎ D．The benefits of taking vacations.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“in the United States alone someone receives a blood transfusion (输血) once every three seconds”和“The need for blood never takes a vacation”不难看出市场对血液的强烈需求。‎ ‎14．The threeyearold girl Brooke ________.‎ A．doesn't get fair treatment in the hospital B．will need another 250 units of blood C．stays alive by receiving blood daily D．can't wait to start kindergarten 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Her treatment will require about 500 units of ‎ blood in total, of which only 250 units have been replaced. She still needs the other half of the total amount to continue her treatment.”可知，Brooke还需要250单位的血液。‎ ‎15．What is the purpose of the text?‎ A．To persuade people to donate blood.‎ B．To present some new medical results.‎ C．To call on people to save a little girl.‎ D．To explain the risks of blood donation.‎ 解析：选A　写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文的目的是劝说人们义务献血。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Cats in ancient Egypt Many of us love cats. They are beautiful, soft, clever and loving. The ancient Egyptians (埃及人) considered cats, also known as Mau, to be very important. They honored them with great respect (尊敬). __1__ For one thing, cats helped people by keeping their homes free of mice, rats, and snakes.‎ Without cats Egypt could not have been the important graingrowing (谷物种植) center that it was. __2__ Though I don't know what other pets the Egyptians had, cats were probably the most important. Cats were also trained to help hunters (猎人). __3__‎ The Egyptians loved cats so much that Bast, an Egyptian goddess, was pictured in the form of a cat. Bast appeared in artwork. She was the protector of the house. This idea made a special connection between cats and children. __4__‎ The safety of all cats was of great concern to ancient Egyptians. __5__ Foreigners sometimes took cats out of Egypt secretly and took them to other lands. They traded them for treasures in these lands. Egyptian soldiers were sent to pick up cats found in other countries and bring them back home to Egypt.‎ A．There were good reasons for that.‎ B．Two types of cats appeared in ancient Egypt.‎ C．In grain fields, cats helped catch rats and mice.‎ D．They were able to help pick up the wounded birds.‎ E．There were even laws against getting a cat out of Egypt.‎ F．Anyone who killed a cat on purpose would be put to death.‎ G．That's why most Egyptian families had cats for good luck.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫在古埃及人生活中的重要地位。‎ ‎1．选A　由下文的“For one thing, cats helped ... and snakes, Without cats Egypt ... center that it was.”和“Cats were also trained to help hunters (猎人)．”可知，作者对古埃及人喜爱猫的原因进行了分析，故选A项。‎ ‎2．选C　由该空前的“Without cats Egypt ... center that it was.”可知，要是没有猫来帮助消灭老鼠的话，古埃及不可能成为重要的谷物种植中心，故选C项。‎ ‎3．选D　由该空前的“Cats were also trained to help hunters (猎人)．”可知，D项内容符合此处语境。‎ ‎4．选G　由该段所讲述的守护神Bast可知，在古埃及很多家庭都饲养猫以求好运，故选G项。‎ ‎5．选E　由该空后的“Foreigners sometimes took cats out of Egypt secretly”和“Egyptian soldiers ... bring them back home to Egypt.”可知，应该有法律规定不许将猫带出埃及，故选E项。‎