【英语】2018届二轮复习动词短语考点各个击破（15页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习动词短语考点各个击破（15页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 动词短语考点各个击破 ‎[基础考法]‎ 考法 考查动词的搭配 语篇型语法填空中考查动词的搭配，主要是根据所给的动词并结合语境填充介词或副词，补全动词短语；也会考查到动词与名词的搭配。短文改错中对动词搭配的考法为动词短语中介词或副词的错用、多余或漏用。‎ ‎[典型例题1]‎ ‎(2015·高考湖北卷改编)There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.‎ 解析：句意：毫无疑问，这名候选人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人交流。lie in为固定搭配，意为“在于……”。答案为in。‎ 考法总结：空前的动词lie为不及物动词，接宾语时必须加介词，根据句意可知此处考查短语lie in。‎ ‎[典型例题2]‎ ‎(2014·高考广东卷语法)I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged the reservation.‎ 解析：句意：我不明白为何会发生这种事，我的信用卡里已经被收取了预订款。charge ...for ...为固定搭配，意为“对……收费”。故填for。‎ 考法总结：本题题干较长。句子是由and连接的并列句，因此可先不管and前面的部分，而分析后面的句子。空格前为谓语动词had been charged，空格后为名词，两者之间只能填介词。表示“对……收费”应用charge ...for ...。‎ ‎[典型例题3]‎ ‎(2014·高考浙江卷改错)Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from the owner.‎ 解析：句意：然后车厢里的所有人都开始寻找车票，最后，在离车票失主几排座位远的一个座位下找到了这张车票。search for意为“寻找；搜寻”，为固定搭配，因此在searching后加for。‎ 考法总结：search意为“寻找”，需加介词for，相当于look for；search还可直接带宾语，意为“搜查”。‎ ‎[典型例题4]‎ ‎(2016·高考浙江卷改编)When their children lived far away from them，these old people felt cut from the world.‎ 解析：句意：当他们的孩子们住得远离他们的时候，这些老人觉得与世隔绝了。cut off意为“使……与外界隔绝”。故填off。‎ ‎[典型例题5]‎ ‎(2016·高考天津卷改编)I'm going to take advantage this tour to explore the history of the castle.‎ 解析：句意：我打算利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。take ‎ advantage of意为“利用”，符合句意。故填of。‎ ‎[能力考法]‎ 考法1‎ 分析句子结构，明确所作成分 若句子结构较完整，并且设空处后的谓语动词是原形，则应填表示强调或倒装的助动词(do，does，did等)或情态动词；如果设空处后是动词的过去分词或现在分词，则很可能是需要be动词(am，is，are，was，were)或have(has，had)构成被动语态或某种时态；如果设空处后为形容词，则所填的词应为系动词。‎ ‎[典型例题1]‎ ‎(2014·高考江苏卷改编)Top graduates from universities chased by major companies.‎ 解析：句意：大学里优秀的毕业生受到大公司的青睐。空后的chased为过去分词形式，由语境尤其是by major companies可知，这里应该用被动语态，所以应该用助动词be。此处描述的是现在的一般现象，主语为复数名词。故填are。‎ 考法2‎ 牢记搭配及意义，分析语境定答案 作为最活跃的一类词，动词和介词、副词形成了一定的固定搭配。同一动词和不同的介词或副词搭配会有不同的意义，如：take up，take off，take over，take apart等。此外，动词加双宾语的结构中，宾语不同，介词也会不同，如：provide sb. with sth.与provide sth.for/to sb.。‎ 考生要根据用法或语境来确定介词或副词。因此，要牢记动词的搭配以及动词固定短语的意义，尤其是有多种含义的动词短语。解题时，要根据语境来核实所填介词或副词与动词构成的搭配是否符合文意。‎ ‎[典型例题2]‎ ‎(2016·高考江苏卷改编)Many businesses started up by college students have taken thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.‎ 解析：句意：多亏了良好的创业环境，很多由大学生创办的公司已经迅速发展起来。take off意为“突然开始成功”，符合句意。所以填off。‎ ‎[对应学生用书P158]‎ 考点　动词短语 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配，常见的有add，break，call，carry，come，cut，die，go，get，look，make，put，pay，pick，set，turn，take等动词构成的短语。‎ ‎1．add的常考短语 add ...to ...把……加到……　 add to增加，增添 add up(把……)加起来 add up to总计为，共达 The cost of the two trips added up to 3，000 dollars.‎ 两次旅行的费用加起来达3000美元。‎ ‎2．agree的常考短语 agree with sb./sth.同意某人的看法 食物/天气＋agree with sb.食物/天气适合某人 agree to sth.同意(某个建议、计划、安排、办法等)‎ agree on sth.在某事上达成一致意见 agree to do sth.同意做某事 ‎[巧辨异同]　agree with，agree to，agree on agree with一般后接人或表示“意见，看法”的词，表示“同意某人的看法”；还可用物作主语，表示“与……一致”或“(食物、气候等)适合……”。‎ agree to表示“就某事达成一致”，后接表示“计划、安排、建议”等的词。‎ agree on表示“对……取得一致意见”，其主语一般是协商一件事的人或单位，后面常接表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动等名词。‎ ‎3．break的常考短语 break down失败；发生故障；(身体、精神)垮掉 break out爆发 break through 突破；突围 break off中断；突然停止 break up 打碎；结束；‎ ‎(被)分离 break in突然打断 break into 破门而入 break away突然离开；逃脱；脱离 Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.‎ 在灾难中无线网络瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到了重要作用。‎ ‎4．bring的常考短语 bring about引起；导致　　bring back 拿回来；使恢复 bring down打倒；使降低 bring in 引进；赚得 bring out出版；使显现 bring up 提出；养育；呕吐 Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.‎ ‎(因为)戴维出生于有三兄弟的家庭，因此养成了分享意识。‎ Li Na's success has aroused new interest in tennis in China，which has also brought about a debate among fans，tennis players and experts.‎ 李娜的成功唤起了中国人对网球新的兴趣，也引发了球迷、网球运动员和专家之间的讨论。‎ ‎5．carry的常用短语 carry on继续，坚持　　　　carry out 执行，实施 carry through渡过(难关)；完成，实现 Fun though all this may sound，it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.‎ 尽管所有这些听起来很有趣，但是这仍然相当混乱，这只是理论上更好一点，而不是实际执行。‎ ‎6．come的常用短语 come from来自于……　 come about发生 come over从远处来；顺便来访 come out出来，出现；出版 ‎ come by从旁边经过 come up走近；发生；出现；长出地面，发芽；被提及 come up with想出(计划或想法)‎ come across偶遇 come along 出现；进步；一起来 come after追赶 come back 回来 come around苏醒 ‎ come on快点；振作起来；得了吧 Tanya sometimes comes out with a really stupid remark but never comes up with new ideas when problems come up.‎ 当问题出现时，塔尼娅有时会突然冒出一句很蠢的话，而总想不出好主意。‎ We decided to come back to Scotland for another holiday.‎ 我们决定再回到苏格兰度一次假。‎ ‎7．cut的常用短语 cut in插嘴；打断 cut into 切入 cut across抄近路通过 cut back 减少 cut off切断 cut up切碎 cut away砍掉 cut down 倒；削减 cut out取，剪掉 cut through 穿过；克服 ‎8．call的常用短语 call after 以……的名字来命名 call for要求 call off 取消 call back回电话；收回 call up 使想起；给……打电话 call on号召；拜访(某人) call in 叫……进来；召来 Human Rights groups are calling for the release of political prisoners.‎ 人权组织呼吁释放政治犯。‎ ‎9．die的常考短语 die away(声音、风、光线、情绪等)逐渐消失 die down逐渐平息 die of死于(疾病、衰老、饥饿等)‎ die from死于(意外事故或未知的原因)‎ die out灭绝，绝种 die off相继死去 These rumors will soon die away.‎ 这些谣言不久就会逐渐消失。‎ ‎10．end的常考短语 end up doing sth.最终……‎ end (up) in以……告终；结果为……‎ end (up) with以……结束(指以某种方式结束)‎ I love how people can seem so different，but end up being so similar.‎ 我喜欢人们看起来如此不同，但结果却如此相似。‎ In English，if new words continue to be used for at least five years，they generally end up in the Oxford English Dictionary.‎ 在英语中，如果新单词持续被使用了至少5‎ 年，那么它们一般将会被收录进《牛津英语词典》中。‎ ‎11．get的常考短语 get about走动；传播　　 get down to开始认真做 get through通过；熬过；打通(电话)‎ get in到达；入选；当选 get on上(车)；进展；相处 get off下(车)；动身 get out出去；离去 get over克服；恢复 get across使被理解；通过 get along相处；进展 get away离开；脱身；逃脱 She was finding it increasingly difficult to get about.‎ 她发现出去走动越来越困难了。‎ ‎12．give的常考短语 give up放弃　　　　　　　give in屈服；让步 give away赠送，捐赠；无意中泄漏 give over停止；放弃 give off散发：发出 give out分发；散发；用完 give back归还 In fact，fuels we burn and plant food we eat give off their chemical energy in the form of heat.‎ 事实上，我们烧的燃料和食用的植物性食物都是以热量的形式释放出它们所含有的化学能。‎ ‎13．go的常考短语 go against违背　　　 go along进展；前进 go around参观；传播 go away离开；消失 go beyond超过 go by(时间)流逝；遵循 go down下降 go up上升 go in for喜欢；参加 go off离开；爆炸 go on继续 go over复习；仔细检查 go out外出；熄灭 go through彻底检查；熬过；通过 go without没有……也行(也可以勉强对付)‎ go ahead进行，发生；(with)开始做 Jason was determined not to go against their father's wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother.‎ 贾森决定不再违背他们父亲的意愿，但马克却比他的兄弟更大胆些。‎ If you agree to our proposal，we'll go ahead.‎ 如果你同意我们的建议的话，我们就进行吧。‎ To get a better grade，you should go over the notes again before the test.‎ 要想取得更好的成绩，你最好在考试前再复习一下笔记。‎ ‎14．hold的常考短语 hold up支撑；承受住；延误；推迟；举起 hold back控制(情感)；阻止 hold on坚持；别挂(电话)　 hold together(使)团结一致 hold on to守住；抓住不放 hold down压制；限制 hold out(在困境中)坚持；伸出 How does he hold up under such a responsibility?‎ 他怎么能承受住这么大的责任？‎ He stared in complete astonishment at the child and held on to the pot for support.‎ 他瞪着那个孩子，完全惊呆了，抓住罐子以求站稳。‎ No one can hold back the wheel of history.‎ 谁也无法阻止历史车轮的前进。‎ ‎15．keep的常考短语 keep away(from)使远离 keep back扣下；隐瞒 keep off避开；使不接近 keep on继续 keep out阻止进入；(警示语)请勿靠近 keep up跟上；赶上；继续；持续 keep up with跟上；赶上；与……保持联系 To the great disappointment of the poor workers，a great part of their wages were kept back by the boss for no good reason.‎ 让贫困的工人们大为失望的是，他们的大部分工资遭到老板无理由的扣留。‎ ‎16．look的常考短语 look after照顾；照料 look around参观；寻找 look at看 look down朝下看 look for寻找 look into调查 look out向外看；当心 look over浏览；快速查看 look through浏览；仔细查阅 look up向上看；查阅 look up to尊敬 look down upon看不起 look forward to盼望 Though badly hurt and shaken，the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.‎ 尽管受了重伤，浑身发抖，这位老妇人还是抬头看了一眼坦尼森，眼里充满着爱意，并给了他一丝微笑。‎ ‎17．make的常考短语 make up for补偿；弥补 make out辨认出；理解 make fun of取笑 make up one's mind某人下定决心 make sense有道理；讲得通 make good/full use of充分利用 make up编造；组成，构成；化妆 make progress取得进步 Why doesn't she make use of her singing talent?‎ 为什么她不发挥她的歌唱才能呢？‎ I cannot make out his writing.‎ 我辨认不出他的笔迹。‎ ‎18．pick的常考短语 pick out挑出；区别出，分辨出 pick up拿起，捡起；收拾；偶然获得，学会；接收(信号)；(开车)去接；(顺便)捎带；染上(疾病)‎ My father intended my brother to learn to drive but he wanted to pick up the knowledge of the computer during his spare time.‎ 我的父亲打算让哥哥学驾驶，但是他想在业余时间学点电脑知识。‎ ‎19．put的常考短语 put aside把……放在一边；不理睬；储存 put away把……收拾好；存钱 put back把……放回原处；推迟 put down放下；记下；镇压 put forward提出(建议)‎ put in加入；投入 put off推迟；拖延 put on穿上，戴上；增加；上演put out熄灭；出版；生产 put up举起；张贴；搭建；安排住宿 put up with容忍，忍受 Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can put down almost every word her teacher says.‎ 玛丽确实很擅长在课堂上做笔记，她几乎能把老师讲的每一个词都记下来。‎ Would you mind if we put it off until early August?‎ 你介意我们把它推迟到8月初吗？‎ Friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to bear differences of opinion.‎ 朋友(之间)必须学会容忍令人不快的习惯和观点的不同。‎ ‎20．send的常考短语 send away命令……离开，把……打发走 send for请(某人)来　 send out发送；派遣 send up使上升；发射 ‎21．stand的常考短语 stand for代表；主张；象征　stand out突出；显眼；杰出 stand by袖手旁观；准备行动 stand aside站到一边；让开；袖手旁观；不参与 The word，WWF，stands for World Wide Fund for Nature.‎ 缩略词WWF代表“世界自然基金会”。‎ The new road sign is easy to read；the words stand out well.‎ 新路标容易辨认，上面的字很醒目。‎ He opened a door and stood aside for her to pass.‎ 他打开一扇门，站在一边让她过去。‎ ‎22．set的常考短语 set about开始做；着手做 set aside留出；暂不考虑；把……放到一边 set down记下；放下；让(乘客)下车 set off出发；引爆；引起 set out开始；出发，动身 set up创建，创立 We set off early the next morning.‎ 我们第二天一大早就出发了。‎ Upon graduation，Charlotte returned to Montreal and set up a private clinic.‎ 一毕业，夏洛特就回到了蒙特利尔，创办了一家私人诊所。‎ The girl attendant has set about cleaning the room.‎ 那位女服务员已开始打扫房间。‎ The government has set out to make many necessary reforms.‎ 政府开始进行许多必要的改革。‎ ‎23．take的常考短语 take away拿走；带走；消除(病痛)‎ take apart拆开；拆散 take along带上；随身带上 take after(性格、外貌)像……‎ take down记下；拆除 take...for granted认为……理所当然 take in吸收；收留，理解，领会；欺骗 take off起飞；脱下；休假；走红；(事业)腾飞 take over接手；接管，接任 take on呈现；雇用 take to开始喜欢；开始养成……的习惯 take part in参加 take up拿起；开始从事；占据(时间或空间)‎ When the clock stopped，he took it apart to find out what was ‎ wrong.‎ 当时钟不走时，他将它拆开寻找哪里出了问题。‎ Finally，we should take part in sports and outdoors activities frequently.‎ 最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。‎ Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives.‎ 技术是帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它来控制我们的生活。‎ I've settled that I'll drop medicine and take up physics.‎ 我已决定放弃学医，开始学物理。‎ I was taken in by the salesman—the car turned out to be uneconomical and unreliable.‎ 推销员欺骗了我——结果那辆汽车既不经济又不可靠。‎ ‎24．turn的常考短语 turn around/round转身；好转，有起色 turn against(使)反对(某人)；与……为敌 turn away不准……入内 turn back掉转头，折回 turn down调低，关小；拒绝 turn in上交；交还 turn into(使)变成 turn off关掉 turn on打开 turn out 结果是；生产，制造 turn over把……翻过来；移交 turn to求助于；转向 turn up调高；到来，出现 ‎—You look upset.What's the matter?‎ ‎—I had my proposal turned down again.‎ ‎——你看上去不高兴，怎么了？‎ ‎——我的建议又被拒绝了。‎