2019届一轮复习译林版必修5Unit2Theenvironment单元学案设计（32页）

2019届一轮复习译林版必修5Unit2Theenvironment单元学案设计（32页）

‎2019届一轮复习译林版必修5Unit2The environment单元学案设计 写作句型锤炼 主体段落常用句型锤炼：the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...‎ 先熟读背诵——精彩句型烂熟于心 ‎1.The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.‎ 你工作越努力，进步就越大。‎ ‎2.At first I thought I understood what my teacher said, but the more he explained, the more confused I became.‎ 起初我以为我明白了老师所说的，但是他越解释我就越迷惑。‎ ‎3.The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.‎ 你越小心，你犯的错就会越少。‎ ‎4.The higher you stand, the farther you will see.‎ 你站得越高就看得越远。‎ ‎5.The more you give to others，the more you will get from them.‎ 你给予别人的越多，你从别人那里得到的越多。‎ ‎6.The more I read the book borrowed from him，the more I like it.‎ 从他那里借来的书我越读越喜欢。‎ 后临摹仿写——妙语佳句信手拈来 ‎1.他越是这样想，就越是不开心。‎ The__more__he__thought__like__this,__the__more__unhappy__he__became.‎ ‎2.一个人书读得越多就会变得越明智。‎ The__more__a__person__reads,__the__wiser__he__will__become.‎ ‎3.你对孩子说得越多，他们听进去的就越少。‎ The__more__you__talk__to__the__children,__the__less__they__will__listen.‎ Ⅰ.重点单词—识记·联想·运用 ‎[会书写]‎ 一、核心单词 ‎1.debate n.& vi.　辩论；争论，讨论 ‎2.recycle vt.& vi. 回收利用 ‎3.quantity n. 数量 ‎4.willing adj. 愿意的，乐意的 ‎5.decrease vt.& vi.& n. 减少 ‎6.measure n. 措施，方法；尺度 vt. 测量；估量，判定 ‎7.flood n. 洪水；大批，大量 vt.&vi. 泛滥；淹没；大量涌入 ‎8.range n. 范围；一系列；山脉 vi.&vt. (在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序 ‎9.duty n. 责任，义务，本分 ‎10.flow vi. 流，流动；流畅地进行 n. 流动；连贯 二、阅读单词 ‎1.particular adj. 专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的 ‎2.require vt. 要求；需要 ‎3.raw adj. 原始的，未经加工或处理的 ‎4.greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的 ‎5.credit n. 赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分 ‎6.arrest vt.& n. 逮捕 ‎7.clap vi.& vt. 鼓掌，拍手 ‎8.conflict vi. 冲突，抵触 n. 冲突，矛盾 ‎9.decade n. 十年 三、拓展单词 ‎1.consultant n.顾问→consult vt.& vi.查阅；请教；商议 ‎2.production n.产量；生产→produce vt.& vi.生产，制造→product n.产品；产物 ‎3.responsibility n.责任，职责→responsible adj.应承担责任的 ‎4.belief n.看法；信念→believe vt.相信 ‎5.environmental adj.环境的→environment n.环境 ‎6.operate vt.& vi.经营；动手术→operation n.操作；经营；手术→operator n.操作员；话务员 ‎7.arrival n.到来，抵达；到达者→arrive vi.到达 ‎8.impress vt.使印象深刻→impression n.印象→impressive adj.给人印象深刻的 ‎9.illegal adj.非法的→legal adj.合法的→illegally adv.非法地 ‎10.appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感激；领会→appreciation n.欣赏 ‎11.electrical adj.电的，用电的→electric adj.电的；用电的；能发电的→electricity n.电；电学；电流→electrician n.电工 ‎12.consume vt.消耗，耗费；消费→consumer n.消费者，用户，顾客→consumption n.消费 ‎13.absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注→absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的；被吸收的→absorption n.专注；吸收 ‎[会积累]‎ ‎1.前缀“re－”动词集锦 ‎①recycle 回收利用 ‎②retell 复述 ‎③recall 回忆起 ‎④refresh 使恢复活力 ‎⑤review 回顾；复习 ‎ ‎⑥rebuild 重建 ‎2.可怕的“自然灾害”名词一览 ‎①flood 洪水 ‎②typhoon 台风 ‎③tsunami 海啸 ‎④tornado 龙卷风 ‎⑤sandstorm 沙尘暴 ‎⑥earthquake 地震 ‎⑦eruption (火山)喷发 ‎⑧hurricane 飓风 ‎3.词根“－sult”高频词 ‎①consult v. 查阅；请教 ‎②consultant n. 顾问，咨询师 ‎③insult n. 侮辱(的言行)‎ ‎④result n. 结果 ‎4.速记“环境”相关词 ‎①environment n. 环境 ‎②environmental adj. 环境的 ‎③pollution n. 污染 ‎④waste n. 废料，垃圾 ‎⑤atmosphere n. 大气层 ‎⑥natural adj. 自然的 ‎⑦haze n. 雾霾 ‎⑧fog n. 雾 ‎5.动词变名词的“不规则变化”‎ ‎①consume→consumption 消费 ‎②receive→reception 接待 ‎③describe→description 描述 ‎ ‎④explain→explanation 解释 ‎⑤pronounce→pronunciation 发音 ‎⑥repeat→repetition 重复 ‎ ‎[会应用]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1.Before decorating your new house，you’d better consult a designer consultant.(consult)‎ ‎2.Teachers have a responsibility for the students and are responsible for their growth.(responsible)‎ ‎3.It is considered to be illegal to hunt wild animals illegally.So people should make sure what they do is legal.(legal)‎ ‎4.The injured appreciated it when the soldiers came to their rescue and could hardly wait to express their appreciation.(appreciate)‎ ‎5.Because of the snowstorm，the electricity was cut off and all the electrical machines couldn’t work.So we had to phone the electrician.(electricity)‎ ‎6.Many consumers told us that they would reduce the amount of red meat they consumed.(consume)‎ ‎7.On our arrival，we found all our friends had already arrived.(arrive)‎ ‎8.This year，the companies that produce bicycles have to increase their production，because more and more prefer to cycle to protect the environment.(produce)‎ ‎9.The visitors were impressed with the beauty of the West Lake.They said the natural beauty left a deep impression on them.(impress)‎ ‎10.We don’t know how to operate the machine，so we asked the operator to stop it when it was in operation.(operate)‎ Ⅱ.核心短语—识记·联想·运用 ‎[会书写]‎ ‎1.open__the__floor　自由发言 ‎2.cut__back__on 减少，削减，缩减 ‎3.use__up 用尽 ‎4.run__out__(of) 用完，耗尽 ‎5.clean__up 打扫(或清除)干净 ‎6.queue__up 排队等候 ‎7.pick__out 找出，挑选 ‎8.under__way 进行中 ‎9.in/with__regard__to 关于，至于 ‎10.let off 排放 ‎11.in particular 尤其，特别 ‎12.do one’s part 尽自己的职责 ‎13.result in 导致 ‎14.rely on...for... 依赖……提供……‎ ‎15.ask around 四处打听 ‎16.blame...on... 把……归咎于……‎ ‎17.put...in danger 把……置于危险之地 ‎18.in use 在使用中 ‎[会积累]‎ ‎1.“v.＋up”短语面面观 ‎①turn up　出现，到场 ‎②clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 ‎③pick up 捡起，拾起；学到 ‎④speed up 加速 ‎⑤link up 联合，连接 ‎⑥use up 用尽 ‎2.let 短语集萃 ‎①let alone 不管；不打扰 ‎②let down 放下；使失望 ‎③let out 放出；泄露；出租 ‎④let off 排放 ‎3.“in＋n./adj.”短语小结 ‎①in particular 尤其，特别 ‎②in turn 依次，反过来 ‎③in common 共同，共用 ‎④in detail 详细地 ‎⑤in general 普遍地，一般地 ‎⑥in use 在使用中 ‎[会应用]　选用上表左栏短语填空 ‎1.If you cut__back__on fat and sugar，you’ll lose weight very quickly and be healthier.‎ ‎2.We queued__up outside the theatre and had to wait over an hour for our tickets.‎ ‎3.Mother carefully picked__out three ripe tomatoes from the basket.‎ ‎4.The more cars there are on the road，the more carbon dioxide they are letting__off.‎ ‎5.The government is supposed to do__its__part to educate people on the importance of protecting the environment.‎ ‎6.You should begin work right now.With/In__regard__to your pay，we will talk about it later.‎ ‎7.We should eat more vegetables and fruit，for they contain all kinds of vitamins，Vitamin C in__particular.‎ ‎8.The construction of the new gym is under__way and is expected to be completed in half a year.‎ Ⅲ.经典句式—分析·背诵·仿写 句型公式1：完全倒装结构：处所或方位的“介词短语”＋主语(名词)。‎ ‎[教材原句] With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.‎ 和我一起的，一位是来自绿色地球协会的林水清女士，另一位是商业发展顾问钱力伟先生。‎ ‎[句型仿写] In__front__of__our__house__stands__a__tall__tree with a history of 1，000 years，which is protected by the government now.‎ 在我们房子的前面有一棵1 000年树龄的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。‎ 句型公式2：倍数表达法：倍数＋what从句 ‎[教材原句] The world’s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.‎ 世界人口比1800年已经增长了六倍。‎ ‎[句型仿写] The new building now is four__times__what__it__was__in__the__past.‎ 现在的这座新大楼是过去的四倍大。‎ 句型公式3：like it＋when从句 ‎[教材原句] I liked it when you told that joke.‎ 我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。‎ ‎[句型仿写] I don’t like__it__when she tells me how to do things.‎ 我不喜欢她对我做事指手画脚。‎ 句型公式4：“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”，表示“越……，越……”。‎ ‎[教材原句] Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consume，the more carbon we are letting off.‎ 因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。‎ ‎[句型仿写] The__more__careful you are，the__fewer__mistakes you’ll make.‎ 你越细心，犯的错误就会越少。‎ Ⅳ.语段改错—回顾·修正·热诵 根据课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ James Long，the TV host，introduces two sides of the debate on the topic “The economy or the environment—must we choose？” People are allowed to opening the floor for discussion.‎ Lin Shuiqing，a spokeswoman from the Green Society thinks that chemical waste is damaging to the world，caused a lot of pollution，killing plants and animals and making people sick.Fish are caught before laying eggs，that will result in a smaller number fish left.The world’s population has grown by six times that it was in 1800.She suggests people must reduce production and recycle the waste.People should be educated to live in an environmental friendly way.‎ The other expert is Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.His views are as follows.A healthy environment and development should possible at the same time.Jobs will be lost if production is cut back on.People are much important than fish and trees.‎ He approves of making things from recycled materials instead of raw ones.Those factories which pollute the environment should pay higher taxes.‎ 答案 James Long， TV host，introduces two sides of the debate on the topic “The economy or the environment—must we choose？” People are allowed to the floor for discussion.‎ Lin Shuiqing，a spokeswoman from the Green Society thinks that chemical waste is damaging the world， a lot of pollution，killing plants and animals and making people sick.Fish are caught before laying eggs， will result in a smaller number fish left.The world’s population has grown by six times it was in 1800.She suggests people 或 reduce production and recycle the waste.People should be educated to live in an friendly way.‎ The other expert is Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.His views are as follows.A healthy environment and development should possible at the same time.Jobs will be lost if production is cut back on.People are 或much important than fish and trees.‎ He approves of making things from recycled materials instead of raw ones.Those factories which pollute the environment should pay higher taxes.‎ ‎[核 心 词 汇]‎ ‎1.operate vt.经营，管理；操作vi.动手术；运转；见效，起作用 ‎ ‎(1)operate on＝give/perform an operation on　给……动手术 ‎(2)operation n. 运作；经营；手术 bring/put...into operation 使……运作/转；实施 come/go into operation 实施，开始生效 in operation 在运行/转中，起作用 ‎(3)operator n. 操作人员；技工 ‎①The people operating (operate)these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.(教材原句)‎ 经营这些工厂的人非常关心环境。‎ ‎②The doctor said that the patient had to be operated on__at once，which made us all worried.‎ 医生说这个病人必须立刻做手术，这使我们都非常担心。‎ ‎③It’s reported that the new law will be brought/put into operation next month.‎ 据报道当地政府将于下个月实施这部新法律。‎ ‎2.quantity n.数量 a large/small quantity of　大/少量的 ‎(large) quantities of 大量的 in quantity＝in large amounts＝in large quantities 大量地 ‎①He found that quantities of food were__left (leave) on the table.‎ 他发现在桌子上留下了大量的食物。‎ ‎②A large quantity of air conditioners has__been__sold (sell) since the summer came.‎ 今夏以来，已有大量的空调被销售出去。‎ ‎③Cutting off the trees randomly in quantity should be forbidden.‎ 随意大量地砍伐树木应被禁止。‎ ‎[名师指津]　quantity作主语时，其谓语动词与quantity的单复数保持一致。‎ ‎3.impress vt.使印象深刻；盖印；使铭记，使牢记 ‎(1)impress sb with sth　某事给某人留下印象 impress sth on/upon sb/one’s memory 使某人铭记某事 be impressed with/at/by... 对……有深刻印象 ‎(2)impression n. 印象；印记 leave/make a(n)...impression on sb 给某人留下……的印象 ‎(3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的 ‎①Mount Huang impressed almost all the tourists with its beauty.‎ 黄山以其优美风景，几乎给所有游客留下了深刻印象。‎ ‎②The professor impressed the importance of having a sense of humor on his students.‎ 教授让学生们铭记拥有幽默感的重要性。‎ ‎③The first time she visited Guilin，she was deeply impressed by/with/at the scenery there.‎ 她第一次去桂林参观时，那里的景色给她留下了非常深刻的印象。‎ ‎④It is especially important to make a good first impression (impress) at a job interview.‎ 在工作面试的时候留下一个美好的第一印象特别重要。‎ ‎4.decrease vt.& vi.& n.减少 ‎(1)decrease to　减少到 decrease by 减少了 ‎(2)on the decrease 在减少 ‎(a) decrease in sth 某物减少 ‎①Compared with last year，the price of wheat has decreased by__15%.‎ 与去年相比，小麦的价格降低了15%。‎ ‎②The number of students going abroad for further study is on__the__decrease nowadays.‎ 当下去国外继续深造的学生的数量在不断减少。‎ ‎③There has been a sharp decrease in pollution since the law was introduced.‎ 自从立法之后污染已经大大减少。‎ ‎[名师指津]　decrease to 后接数字，表示“下降到……”；decrease by 后接分数、百分数或其他表示数量的词，表示“下降了……”，有同样用法的词还有grow及increase。‎ ‎5.measure n.措施，方法；尺度vt.测量；估量，判定linking verb(指尺寸、长、宽、高等)量度为 be measured by/in　用……来衡量 make...to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸做……‎ take measures (to do sth) 采取措施(做某事)‎ ‎① My mother used to make new clothes to my own measure with Spring Festival coming.‎ 过去，妈妈在春节来临时总是为我量身做新衣服。‎ ‎②Measures have been taken to__solve (solve)traffic problems in big cities.‎ 许多大城市已采取措施解决交通问题。‎ ‎[名师指津]　measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时，若此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。‎ ‎③The new bridge，measuring (measure) twice as long as the old one，is due to be completed next month.‎ 这座新大桥是原来老桥的两倍长，预计在下个月完工。‎ ‎6.range n.(变动)范围，幅度；一系列；分类；射程；山脉vt.& vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序 ‎ ‎(1)in/within range of　　在……范围内 beyond/out of range (of) 超出/不在(……的)范围 a wide range of 许多 ‎(2)range from...to... 从……到……变化/不等 range between...and... 在……之间变动 ‎①Most of the sound is beyond__the__range__of human ear.‎ 这些声音人类大部分都听不到。‎ ‎②A lot of products are sold in the market，ranging (range) from television to computer software.‎ 该市场有大量产品出售，包括从电视到计算机软件的各类产品。‎ ‎③In addition to these traditional activities，we have a__wider__range__of choices such as travelling.‎ 除了这些传统的活动外，我们有更多的选择，比如旅游等。‎ ‎7.appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会，理解 ‎ ‎(1)I will/would appreciate it if... 如果……，我将非常感激 appreciate (one’s/sb) doing sth 感激(某人)做某事 ‎(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感谢 express/convey/show...appreciation to sb 对某人表达……的感谢 ‎①The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much－loved river will__be__appreciated (appreciate) for years to come.‎ 中国政府和人民保护这条深受喜爱的河流的努力在未来年月里会被赞赏。‎ ‎②To sum up，I would appreciate it if I can have a good result.‎ 总之，如果我考得一个好成绩，我将非常感激。‎ ‎③I would like to convey my sincere appreciation (appreciate) to you for your kind assistance in my English learning.‎ ‎→I would like to sincerely appreciate your assisting (assist) me in my English learning.‎ 我想为你在我英语学习上的热情帮助表达我对你衷心的感谢。‎ ‎8.particular adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的 ‎(1)be particular about　对……讲究/挑剔 in particular 尤其，特别 ‎(2)particularly adv. 尤其，特别 ‎①She seems to be very particular about what she wears.‎ 她似乎对衣着很讲究。‎ ‎②We are particularly (particular) grateful to him for his timely help.‎ 我们特别感谢他的及时帮助。‎ ‎9.absorb vt.吸收(气体、液体、热、光等)；理解；使全神贯注 ‎(1)absorb knowledge/information　掌握知识/信息 absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 absorb...into... 把……吸入……‎ ‎(2)absorbed adj. 被吸引住的，入迷的 get/be absorbed in... 全神贯注于……‎ be absorbed into... 并入，融入，吸纳 ‎①Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.‎ 几分钟的时间酒精就会被吸收到血流中开始对大脑起作用。‎ ‎②He was absorbed in watching TV and didn’t notice me enter.‎ 他正专心致志地看电视并未注意到我进来了。‎ ‎10.responsibility n.责任，职责 ‎(1)have the responsibility to do...　有责任/有义务做……‎ bear/take the responsibility for 承担对……的责任，为……负责 a sense of responsibility 责任感 ‎(2)responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的 be responsible for 应对……负责；对……有责任 ‎①You should take/bear the responsibility for what you did.‎ ‎→You should be__responsible__for what you did.‎ 你应该为所做的事承担责任。‎ ‎②Parenthood brings a huge sense__of__responsibility.‎ 为人父母意味着要有高度的责任感。‎ ‎11.cut back on 减少，削减，缩减 cut down on　削减，减少，缩减 cut off 切断(供应)；中断(电话通话等)‎ cut down 砍倒 cut out 删除；裁剪 cut up 切碎；伤心 ‎①It is our duty to try to __cut__back__on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.‎ 尽量削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量是我们的责任。‎ ‎②She was really cut up when all her friends refused to help her.‎ 当所有的朋友都拒绝帮助她时，她真的很难过。‎ ‎③When you give a speech，you’d better cut out unimportant details.‎ 当你演讲时，最好删掉那些不重要的细节。‎ ‎④Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass.‎ 人们砍伐树木和铲除草地也会导致沙漠的形成。‎ ‎12.run out (of)用完，耗尽 run short of　缺乏；快用完 run into 撞进；遭遇；达到 run across 偶然遇到；穿过 run after 追求；追赶；追逐 ‎①The boy’s money ran out so he had to ask his parents for help.‎ ‎→The boy ran__out__of his money so he had to ask his parents for help.‎ 这个男孩用完了钱，因此他不得不向父母求助。‎ ‎②I unexpectedly ran across him in the street the other day.前几天我在街上出乎意料地遇见了他。‎ ‎③If you run after two hares，you’ll catch neither.‎ ‎(谚)脚踏两条船，必定落空。‎ ‎[易混辨析]　run out，run out of，give out，use up run out 用完，耗尽，不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等 run out of 用完，及物动词短语，其主语一般为人 give out 耗尽，用完，不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物 use up 用光，用完，及物动词短语，其主语一般为人 ‎ 选用上述词语填空 ‎④According to the rule of the competition，we have to use__up all the items before the time runs__out.However，it is a long and tiring process.As a result，that day，long before I ran__out__of the time given by the judge，my strength had given__out.What a disappointment! ‎ ‎13.pick out 找出，挑选；辨认出，区分；领会，弄明白 ‎①She was__picked__out from dozens of applicants for the job.‎ 她从大批的求职者中被选中承担这项工作。‎ ‎②The window curtains are__picked__out in blue against the white walls.‎ 蓝色的窗帘衬在白墙上十分显眼。‎ pick up 拿起，捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然)学会；用车接；收听到；好转；感染 pick off 摘掉；摘下来 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中pick up的含义 ‎③We were able to pick up the BBC World Service.收听到 ‎④I will pick you up at the next corner at three this afternoon.用车接 ‎⑤When the financial crisis was over，his business gradually picked up.好转 ‎⑥The children have picked up the local accent.(偶然)学会 ‎[重 点 句 型]‎ ‎1.I liked__it__when you told that joke.‎ 我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。‎ 句中like是及物动词，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的从句。‎ ‎(1)英语中在表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句，而要用形式宾语it，然后再加宾语从句，这样的动词有：appreciate，enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer等 ‎(2)一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语然后加宾语从句，常见的动词短语有：depend on，rely on，see to (确保)等 ‎①Teenagers hate __it when their parents go through their things.青少年讨厌家长翻他们的东西。‎ ‎②People dislike it when you throw rubbish everywhere.人们不喜欢你到处扔垃圾。‎ ‎③Please see to it__that you bring enough money when you travel.‎ 当你旅行时，请务必带够钱。‎ ‎2.Therefore，the__more petrol and electricity we consume，the__more carbon we are letting off.‎ 因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。‎ 句中运用了“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构。用法如下：‎ ‎(1)意为“越……，就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化 ‎(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句 ‎(3)本结构可以用省略形式 ‎①The__more you know，the__more you will realize how little you know.‎ 知道得越多，越会体会到自己知道得多么有限。‎ ‎②The more__difficult (difficult) the questions are，the less__likely(likely) he is able to answer them.‎ 问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。‎ ‎[当 堂 达 标]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.Today there is a debate (争论) in Singapore about which variety of English is the best.‎ ‎2.He stated his belief (信念) that evolution occurred through natural selection.‎ ‎3.Non－renewable energy has been decreasing (减少)，so saving energy is so urgent and important.‎ ‎4.If we recycled (回收利用) more waste，there wouldn’t be so much pollution.‎ ‎5.His arrival (到来) brought complete silence to the classroom.‎ ‎6.Most people have come to accept the need for conservation (保护) of natural resources.‎ ‎7.Many companies have to reduce their production(产量) because of the economy crisis.‎ ‎8.A tree fell yesterday morning，cutting off the traffic flow(流畅进行) for three hours.‎ ‎9.Upon arriving at the building on fire，the firefighters rapidly pumped (用泵抽水) water to put out the fire.‎ ‎10.I don’t have any cash; can I pay this by credit (信用) card?‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1.When the machine is in operation (operate)，keep away from it.‎ ‎2.Because of water pollution，some fishes have been on the decrease.‎ ‎3.This hall to be built is four times what it was two years ago.‎ ‎4.She has already tried her best.Please don’t be too particular about her job.‎ ‎5.On arrival (arrive) at the hotel，please call me as soon as possible.‎ ‎6.She has had a number of different jobs，ranging (range) from chef to swimming instructor.‎ ‎7.The food prices are going up，so we will cut back on the use of some expensive vegetables.‎ ‎8.Large quantities of water are__needed (need) for cooling purpose，which we all know.‎ ‎9.The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.‎ ‎10.Don’t worry.If anything goes wrong，I’ll take responsibility for it.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1.I don’t like when she shows herself off.like__后加it ‎2.It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measured over 90 meters.measured→measuring ‎3.Some factories are reported to have stopped production，having run out raw materials.out后加of ‎4.I believe that the more books I read，the much more knowledge I learn.去掉much ‎5.Absorbing in her work，she didn’t realize it was time for her to pick up her daughter.Absorbing→Absorbed Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎1.It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly recognize my friend.‎ ‎→It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly make out my friend.‎ ‎→It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly pick out my friend.‎ ‎2.My father impressed me with the value of honesty.‎ ‎→My father impressed on/upon me the value of honesty.‎ ‎→My father made me keep/bear the value of honesty in mind.‎ ‎3.We must adopt preventive ways to reduce crime in the area.‎ ‎→We must take preventive measures to reduce crime in the area.‎ ‎4.I would appreciate your turning down the music.‎ ‎→I would appreciate it if you would turn down the music.‎ ‎5.If you sell more tickets，you’ll get more money.‎ ‎→The more tickets you sell，the more money you’ll get.‎ ‎[课 下 作 业]‎ A卷 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.People had to stand in a queue (行列) for hours to buy a ticket.‎ ‎2.The government has confiscated the illegally(非法地) imported goods.‎ ‎3.The kind grandmother lent us some soft orange blankets (毯子).‎ ‎4.The two stories conflicted (冲突)，so I did not know what to believe.‎ ‎5.It is known that the British are rather particular (讲究的) about table manners.‎ ‎6.It is believed that social progress is normally a matter of struggles and conflicts (冲突).‎ ‎7.If you decide to do business abroad，you should first find out about the tax (税) situation.‎ ‎8.The application of the new technology can greatly reduce raw (未经加工的) material consumption.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1.Traffic is bad，particularly (particular) in the city centre.‎ ‎2.You’d better go home before your money runs out.‎ ‎3.I’d appreciate it if you could tell me more about the activity.‎ ‎4.The little boy impressed me with his big，bright eyes the first time I saw him.‎ ‎5.Because she is under age，her parents still take the responsibility (responsible) for her.‎ ‎6.I really appreciate my teacher helping (help) me with math in his spare time.‎ ‎7.The patient was in great danger，so the doctors decided to operate on him immediately.‎ ‎8.We are told that the construction of the suspension bridge (吊桥) is under way.‎ Ⅲ.选词填空 queue up，set up，under way，let off，open the floor，pick out ‎1.The yearly campaign to raise funds for the Red Cross is already under__way.‎ ‎2.The government has set__up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.‎ ‎3.He was lucky enough to be picked__out__to attend the important meeting.‎ ‎4.We opened__the__floor to the different suggestions that they had made at the meeting.‎ ‎5.The worker let__off some steam because the pressure was too high.‎ ‎6.Parents should tell kids they have to queue__up when taking a bus.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1.She was__so__absorbed__in__her__housework that she didn’t notice her son leave the room.‎ 她专心忙家务，所以没有注意到儿子离开房间。‎ ‎2.I don’t like__it__when the weather gets too hot.‎ 当天气变得太热时，我就不喜欢了。‎ ‎3.In__front__of__the__classroom__is a playground where we do morning exercises every morning.‎ 教室的前面是一个操场，我们每天早上在那里做早操。‎ ‎4.The car factory can produce three__times__what__it__did five years ago.‎ 这家汽车厂现在的产量是五年前的三倍。‎ ‎5.The__more you eat，the__fatter you will be.‎ 你吃得越多，就会越胖。‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 ‎(2018·贵州省普通高等学校招生适应性考试)‎ Xu Xiaomin enjoys the unspoilt beauty of this Zhejiang Province，home to scenic forests，fields and lakes.‎ ‎ It was not well known just a decade ago，but Deqing County in Zhejiang Province is quickly growing into a popular vacation spot，thanks to its remote and well－protected environment as well as its rich cultural heritage.‎ Located in the core area of the Yangtze River Delta and neighboring Hangzhou，Deqing County will surprise even veteran travelers with its breathtaking views.‎ ‎ It boasts rolling hills，bamboo forests，fairyland－like fields as well as streams and lakes.Most importantly，it is not overdeveloped and crowded.‎ ‎ Here，you can still hear birds singing rather than the blare from the loudspeakers.In short，the place has all the elements of a typical Chinese traditional painting—hills，bamboo，lakes，historic sites and fresh air—which cannot be done justice by a mere painting.‎ ‎ Mount Mogan is the most well－known in the county，but Deqing has other spots worth visiting.‎ ‎ The Xiazhu Lake and its wetland is a must－see，a good place for summer hikes or boating trips.‎ ‎ The lake，the fifth largest in the province，has hundreds of small hidden or visible islands and wild reed patches，which divide the water into convoluted mazes，making the lake a huge labyrinth (迷宫) which only veteran boatmen can navigate.‎ ‎ The wetland is home to various wild birds，animals and fish.‎ ‎ The lake is best viewed on a slightly rainy day，when it is as peaceful as a huge mirror，until lighted upon by one or two birds flying over your head，singing as if complaining that your presence has disturbed the perfect picture.‎ ‎ The ancient town of Xinshi is a picture－perfect East China water town.‎ ‎ The place used to be an important dock，home to busy trade and transportation.For hundreds of years，local residents built houses along the river，giving birth to exquisite architecture such as Ming－and－Qing－style houses，temples and stone bridges.‎ ‎ People who like village life but are unwilling to endure its deprivations can stay in yangjiale，luxury resorts and hotels developed by foreigners such as Le Passage Mohkan Shan and Naked Retreats.‎ ‎ Here you can enjoy the county life and the first bird singing in the early morning along with modern facilities to keep you fresh and comfortable.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　德清是最佳旅游生态县、未被过度开发的文化生态旅游最佳目的地，这里有江南最大湿地风景区下渚湖、千年水乡古镇新市及闻名遐迩的莫干山，吸引着成千上万的中外游客。‎ ‎1.What could be the best title for this passage?‎ A.Enjoying the county life B.Exploring the charms of Deqing C.Some popular vacation spots D.Deqing was rated the most livable city 答案　B　[标题判断题。本文介绍了浙江省德清县的莫干山、下渚湖和千年水乡古镇新市等风景名胜，吸引人们去探索德清的魅力。故选B。]‎ ‎2.According to the passage，why can Deqing County quickly grow into a popular vacation spot?‎ A.Because it’s remote and well－protected and has rich cultural heritage.‎ B.Because you can enjoy the county life and the first bird singing in the early morning.‎ C.Because the place has all the elements of a typical Chinese traditional painting.‎ D.Because it’s located in the core area of the Yangtze River Delta and neighboring Hangzhou.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“thanks to its remote and well－protected environment as well as its rich cultural heritage”可知，本题选A项。]‎ ‎3.The underlined word “exquisite” in the passage most probably means “________”.‎ A.domestic B.original C.residential D.beautiful 答案　D　[词义猜测题。分析句意“数百年来，当地居民沿河建房，产生了诸如明清风格的住宅、庙宇和石桥等精美的建筑”可知，本题应选D项。A.“国内的”；B.“原始的”；C “住宅区的”。]‎ ‎4.The Xiazhu Lake is best visited ________.‎ A.on quite sunny days B.on slightly rainy days C.on cloudy days D.on windy days 答案　B　[细节理解题。由文章倒数第五段中的“The lake is best viewed on a slightly rainy day”可知，本题选B项。]‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 ‎(2018·兰州市高考诊断考试)There was once a little ragged girl who lived with her widowed mother.She had few clothes to wear and those that she had were old and __1__.However，her mother made sure that she was clean and __2__.Even though，her schoolmates always __3__her.‎ One day before Christmas，she saw two boys __4__ on her way home.One of the boys hit the other boy hard，took the coat off his back and ran off with it.The other boy __5__ to run after him but fell down.The ragged girl ran up to the boy on the __6__.She was surprised to find it was the __7__ boy who had always made fun of her at school.__8__，she took off her coat and gave it to the boy.Then，she walked the boy to his __9__.‎ After hearing what had happened，the boy’s mother was very __10__ to the little girl for her help and gave her a brand new coat.“I had bought that coat for my niece for Christmas，__11__ I think you deserve it much more，”she said.‎ Then the mother drove the little ragged girl to her own front door.The little girl __12__ the woman，and ran into the house to show her mother the __13__ coat.After she had finished telling her story，she saw that her mother was __14__.‎ ‎“I thought you would be __15__，Mama，”she said softly.“But if you want，I’ll take the coat __16__.”‎ ‎“I’m not unhappy，honey，”she sniffed.“I’m overcome with __17__.I knew that I would never be able to __18__ a new coat for you，but you got one because of your __19__ deed.I’m proud of you.”‎ ‎“You know，”the little ragged girl said as she wiped her mother’s tears，“I really am so very rich to have a __20__ like you.”‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文。一个穿着破破烂烂的小女孩不计前嫌，帮助了曾经嘲笑她的同学。同学的妈妈为表谢意，送了她一件新外套。‎ ‎1.A.worn B.dirty ‎ C.ugly D.small 答案　A　[根据文中多次出现的“ragged”及本空前的“old”可知，‎ 这个小女孩穿的衣服不仅旧，而且很“破烂(worn)”。]‎ ‎2.A.pretty B.tidy ‎ C.healthy D.safe 答案　B　[根据本空前的“clean”可知，小女孩的妈妈把她收拾得干干净净、“整整齐齐(tidy)”。]‎ ‎3.A.laughed at B.looked after C.depended on D.worried about 答案　A　[根据本句中“Even though”的转折语气及下段中的“made fun of”可知，小女孩的同学常常“嘲笑(laughed at)”她。]‎ ‎4.A.jumping B.talking C.fighting D.walking 答案　C　[根据下句内容可知，一个男孩打了另外一个男孩，并把他的外套抢走，由此可推测，这两个男孩在“打架(fighting)”。]‎ ‎5.A.continued B.wanted C.pretended D.stopped 答案　B　[外套被别人抢走了，这个男孩自然是“想(wanted)”追上去把衣服抢回来。]‎ ‎6.A.ground B.bed C.grass D.platform 答案　A　[根据上句中的“fell down”可知，这个男孩摔倒在“地(ground)”。]‎ ‎7.A.only B.same C.last D.other 答案　B　[让这个女孩感到惊讶的是这个男孩“正是(same)”那个在学校里经常嘲笑她的人。]‎ ‎8.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Otherwise 答案　C　[这个女孩不计前嫌帮助曾经嘲笑自己的人，故However符合此处语境。]‎ ‎9.A.school B.class C.house D.camp 答案　C　[根据下段内容可知，男孩的妈妈把原本要送给自己侄女的外套送给了小女孩，这个举动应该是发生在男孩家，由此可推测，这里指小女孩陪男孩走回他“家(house)”。]‎ ‎10.A.polite B.familiar C.useful D.grateful 答案　D　[小女孩帮助了自己的儿子，男孩的妈妈应该很“感激(grateful)”。]‎ ‎11.A.so B.but C.though D.because 答案　B　[根据本空前后的“for my niece和you deserve it much more”可知，这件外套的主人从男孩妈妈的侄女变成了小女孩，故此处应用表示转折关系的but。]‎ ‎12.A.thanked B.welcomed C.helped D.praised 答案　A　[男孩的妈妈送给自己一件外套并送自己回家，故小女孩“谢谢(thanked)”她。]‎ ‎13.A.warm B.new C.beautiful D.expensive 答案　B　[上段中的“a brand new coat”提示了本题答案。]‎ ‎14.A.thinking B.trembling C.crying D.hesitating 答案　C　[根据下文中的“sniffed”和“tears”可知，女孩的妈妈在“哭(crying)”。]‎ ‎15.A.happy B.surprised C.satisfied D.confident 答案　A　[根据下段中妈妈的回答“I’m not unhappy”可知，小女孩说她原以为妈妈会“高兴(happy)”。]‎ ‎16.A.on B.back ‎ C.around D.out 答案　B　[根据本句中的“But”可知，如果妈妈不高兴的话，小女孩会把外套还“回去(back)”。]‎ ‎17.A.relief B.shame ‎ C.horror D.joy 答案　D　[根据本段开头的“I’m not unhappy”可知，妈妈并没有不高兴，而是太“高兴(joy)”了。]‎ ‎18.A.make B.buy ‎ C.borrow D.choose 答案　B　[通读全文可知，小女孩和妈妈生活艰辛，因此妈妈永远不可能为小女孩“买(buy)”一件新外套。]‎ ‎19.A.brave B.honest ‎ C.careful D.good 答案　D　[根据上文内容可知，小女孩不计前嫌，帮助了曾经嘲笑她的同学，同学的妈妈为表谢意，送了她一件新外套。因此说，是小女孩的“善良(good)”举动为自己赢得了一件新外套。]‎ ‎20.A.friend B.model C.supporter D.mother 答案　D　[根据本句中的“the little ragged girl said as she wiped her mother’s tears”可知，小女孩这句话是对妈妈说的：有您这样的“妈妈(mother)”我感到非常富有。]‎ B卷 Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2018·石家庄市高三教学质量检测)Fans of the movie Finding Nemo may remember the terrifying fish that scares Dory and Marlin at the bottom of a trench.‎ ‎ But in reality this “monster”，a black seadevil，is only about 9 cm long，which would make it about a third of the size of Dory and potentially smaller than Marlin or Nemo.‎ ‎ While this inaccuracy may seem harmless，it could cause problems for future conservation efforts，as people are more likely to support conservation of ‎ adorable rather than scarylooking animals.‎ ‎ The black seadevil is just one of the mysterious “monsters”.From 2000 － 2010，scientists described about 1，200 new species in the Census of Marine Life.While this figure may seem astonishing，a further 5，000 individual dead creatures are in specimen (标本) jars，waiting to be described.‎ ‎ Specimens must be methodically collected, identified，and then the identity of new deep－water species must be confirmed.‎ ‎ If we call unusual deep－sea animals monsters，then we may harm their conservation as people are unlikely to be connected with them or care about saving them.‎ ‎ On the other hand，their rarity clearly makes them popular on social media sites.For other species, this has already resulted in increases in illegal trading for unusual pets.Deep－sea species may potentially become illegally obtained specimens or food.Humans may end up eating these animals of the deep sea to extinction before their species are even known to science.‎ ‎ Every habitat on earth is interconnected，and whatever we as humans do has an influence on marine ecosystems.In reality, about 80% of our oxygen is produced by microorganisms(微生物)in the oceans.This makes our oceans both the lungs and lifeblood of our planet and we must all try harder to save them.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要谈一谈的是保护深海物种的重要性。‎ ‎1.What can we know about the black seadevil in reality?‎ A.People benefit greatly from the oxygen produced by it.‎ B.Its body size is a big threat to fish like Dory and Nemo.‎ C.Its scary appearance will cause problems for conservation.‎ D.People didn’t know much about it when filming Finding Nemo.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“the terrifying fish that scares Dory and Marlin”并结合第二段的内容可知，拍摄这部电影时，人们对这种物种了解很少，故选D。]‎ ‎2.What does the author think of the progress of describing new species?‎ A.Acceptable. B.Surprising.‎ C.Unsatisfying. D.Hopeless.‎ 答案　C　[观点态度题。根据第四段的最后一句“While this figure may seem astonishing，a further 5，000 individual dead creatures are in specimen(标本)jars，waiting to be described”可推知，作者认为科学家对海洋新物种的研究不能令人满意，故选C。]‎ ‎3.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 7 probably refer to?‎ A.Their popularity on social media sites.‎ B.Their rarity among sea creatures.‎ C.Their conservation being harmed.‎ D.Their importance being ignored.‎ 答案　A　[代词指代题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“On the other hand，their rarity clearly makes them popular on social media sites”可推知，此处的this指代上文稀有物种在社交媒体网站上受青睐的状况，故选A。]‎ ‎4.What can we infer about those unusual sea animals?‎ A.They are the lungs and lifeblood of our planet.‎ B.Confirming their identity is very urgent for protection.‎ C.Most of them are becoming illegally obtained specimens.‎ D.Adorable ones are more likely to be posted on social media sites.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“If we call unusual deep－sea animals monsters，then we may harm their conservation as people are unlikely to be connected with them or care about saving them”可推知，科学地认知稀有物种对于这些物种的保护很紧迫，故选B。]‎ Ⅱ.七选五 In our fast world of phones，fax machines and computers，the old－fashioned art of letter writing is at risk of disappearing altogether.__1__ There is the excitement of its arrival，the pleasure of seeing who it is from and，finally，the enjoyment of the contents.‎ Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember.It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother.My mother ‎，also，always insisted I write my own thank－you letters for Christmas and birthday presents.__2__‎ When I left home at 18 to train as a doctor in London，I would write once a week，and so would my mother.Occasionally my father would write and it was always a joy to receive his long，amusing letters.__3__ Of course，we also made phone calls but it is the letters that I remember most.‎ There were also letters from my boyfriends.In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and we were only able to stay in touch by letter.__4__I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking.‎ I love the letters that come with birthday or Christmas cards.Notes are appreciated，but how much better to have a year’s supply of news！And it’s better still when it’s an airmail envelope with beautiful stamps.‎ ‎__5__ Like my mother before me，I insist they write their own thank－you letters.My daughter writes to me little letters，just as I did to my mother.I strongly urge readers not to allow letter writing to become another “lost art”.‎ A.Poor handwriting can spoil(破坏)your enjoyment of a letter.‎ B.We had been corresponding(通信)for 29 years but had never met.‎ C.I am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition.‎ D.It didn’t matter how short or untidy they were as long as they were letters.‎ E.But instead of harming the relationships，letter writing seemed to improve them.‎ F.Yet，to me，receiving a letter cannot be matched by any other form of communication.‎ G.The letters from home contained just everyday events concerning my parents and their friends.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要介绍了作者对书信这种沟通方式的青睐和对书信艺术逐渐消失的担忧。‎ ‎1.F　[根据下句“There is the excitement of its arrival，the pleasure of seeing who it is from and，finally，the enjoyment of the contents”可知，收到信对作者来讲是一件无比愉悦的事情，故选F。]‎ ‎2.D　[根据本段第一句“Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember”可知，书信是作者生活中不可或缺的一部分，对她来说，只要是信就好，无论多短或多不整洁，故选D。]‎ ‎3.G　[根据上文可知，作者和父母通信，由此可知，这些信都是关于父母的一些生活琐事以及他们的朋友的状况的，故选G。]‎ ‎4.E　[根据下句“I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking”可知，此处应描述书信沟通的优势，与上文的“In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and we were only able to stay in touch by letter”呼应，故选E。]‎ ‎5.C　[根据下文的“My daughter writes to me little letters，just as I did to my mother”可知，作者自己的孩子也像作者一样继承了写信的传统，故选C。]‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·湖北八校联考)I have recently returned from 1.________ extended 26－day trip to China.I made two earlier trips to China in 2012.On my previous visits my travel 2.________ (limit) to the three major cities of Beijing，Shanghai and Chongqing.This time I，together with my family，was able to visit some of the more remote cities and holiday destinations 3.________ (miss) on the previous trips and revisit Beijing and Shanghai to observe the great changes there in just four short years.‎ The many contradictions and 4.________ (struggle) within China today are very impressive.No one can ignore the rich culture 5.________ (date) back to ancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed.6.________ happens in China，the third 7.________ (large) country in the world with 20 percent of the world’s population，will 8.________ (certain) shape the immediate and distant futures of 9.________ (we)all.‎ On this blog (博客) I will be posting a travel journal10.________ photographs and drawings.Marked on the map are the cities and villages I visited while in China.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的中国之旅及所见所感。‎ ‎1.an　[trip是可数名词，且此处表示泛指。由于extended的读音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。]‎ ‎2.was limited　[limit和句子主语my travel构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态；由空前的“previous visits”可知，事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。]‎ ‎3.missed　[miss和句子谓语动词was之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词形式，且miss和其逻辑主语“some of the more remote cities and holiday destinations”构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。]‎ ‎4.struggles　[根据and前的“The many contradictions”可知，此处应用名词，struggle为可数名词，故用其复数形式。]‎ ‎5.dating　[date和句子谓语动词ignore之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词形式，且词组date back to没有被动形式，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。]‎ ‎6.Whatever　[分析句子结构并根据语境可知，应用Whatever引导让步状语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“无论中国发生什么”。]‎ ‎7.largest　[由空前的the third可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级修饰名词country。]‎ ‎8.certainly　[修饰动词应用副词，故用副词certainly修饰动词shape，在句子中作状语。]‎ ‎9.us　[介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，分析句子结构可知，此处应用代词的宾格形式，即us。]‎ ‎10.with　[此处with表示“具有，带有”的含义，后跟名词photographs and drawings作宾语。]‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2018·重庆八校联考)This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.Because I had always been waiting to read it，so at that moment I was very exciting.Outside the library，I saw the man driving around the small parking lot，try to find a parking space.He head for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library book to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them to him.He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.‎ 答案 This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be up.Because I had always been waiting to read it， at that moment I was very .Outside the library，I saw man driving around the small parking lot， to find a parking space.He for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them him.He thanked me and jumped in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.‎