2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4学案设计（38页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4学案设计（38页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4学案设计 话题素材——天体科普 好词 ‎1.inventionn. 发明 ‎2.explore v. 探险；考察 ‎3.spacewalk n. 太空行走 ‎4.phenomenonn. 现象 ‎5.advancedadj. 高级的；先进的；领先的 ‎6.a space travel 太空之旅 ‎7.come into existence 开始产生；成立 ‎8.manned spaceship 载人宇宙飞船 ‎9.launch_a_satellite 发射卫星 ‎10.solar activity 太阳活动 ‎11.be_proud_of 对……感到自豪 ‎12.watch_out 密切注意；当心；提防 ‎13.come true 实现 ‎14.in the field of science 在科学领域 ‎15.improve the quality of life for humans 为人类提高生活质量 佳句 ‎1.It_is_science_and_technology_that makes our life more colorful.‎ 是科学技术使我们的生活更加丰富多彩。‎ ‎2.It_goes_without_saying_that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.‎ 毫无疑问，现代科技给我们的生活带来方便和舒适。‎ ‎3.The development of science and technology makes_it_possible_for_China_to_realize the dream of going into outer space.‎ 科学技术的发展使得中国实现进入外太空的梦想变得可能。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ Do we need space exploration？‎ Man has been fascinated by outer space for thousands of years. It has been over forty years since man's first landing on the moon. Now, some people believe that space exploration is a waste of time and money.‎ They point out the fact that it cost billions of dollars to carry on the space research, but a little information was brought back.‎ However, every coin has two sides. There are still a majority of other people who believe that space exploration has more advantages. And I agree with those people. Many new products, such as weather and communication satellites, are also products of space programs, and they have benefited people all over the world. And what's more, scientific knowledge about outer space has been acquired By mankind.We believe that it will bring more benefits in the future, which we cannot even imagine now. Space exploration is a challenge to human beings. That's ‎ why several nations try hard to carry out space exploration continuously.‎ 高频单词 ‎1．system (n.) 系统；体系；制度 ‎2．theory (n.) 学说；理论→theoretical (adj.) 理论上的 ‎3．atmosphere (n.) 大气层；气氛 ‎4．thus (adv.) 因此；于是 ‎5．harmful (adj.) 有害的→harm (n.) 害处(vt.) 对……有害 ‎6．puzzle (vt.&vi.)(使)迷惑； (使)为难 (n.) 谜；难题→puzzled (adj.)迷惑不解的 ‎7．pull (n.&vt.) 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 ‎8．float (vi.&vt.) (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 (n.) 漂浮物 ‎9．violent (adj.) 猛烈的→violence (n.) 暴力→violently (adv.) 猛烈地 ‎10．globe (n.) 球体；地球仪→global (adj.) 全球性的；全世界的 ‎11．presence (n.)出席；到场；存在→present (adj.) 出席的；到场的 (vt.) 呈递 ‎12．reaction (n.) 反应；回应→react (vi.) 反应；回应 ‎13．unlike (prep.) 与……不同；不像→like (反义词) (prep.&v.) 像；喜欢→dislike (v.&n.) 不喜欢 ‎14．exist (vi.) 存在；生存→existence (n.) 存在 ‎15．gentle (adj.) 温和的；文雅的→gently (adv.) 温和地；文雅地；温柔地 ‎16．physicist (n.) 物理学家→physical (adj.) 物理的；身体的→physician ‎ ‎(n.) 医师，(尤指)内科医 生→physics (n.) 物理学 重点短语 ‎1．in_time 及时；终于 ‎2．in_one's_turn 轮到某人；接着 ‎3．prevent..._from 阻止；制止 ‎4．cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎5．break_out 突发；爆发 ‎6．watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防 ‎7．lay_eggs 下蛋 ‎8．give_birth_to 产生；分娩 ‎9．now_that 既然 ‎10．block_out 挡住(光线)‎ ‎11．as_well_as 和；以及 ‎12．get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解 热点句型 ‎1．whether...or not 是否……‎ The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or_not (是否). (教材P25)‎ ‎2．make it＋adj./n. for sb./sth. to do sth.‎ This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop (使生命发展成为可能).‎ ‎(教材 P26)‎ ‎3．now that 引导的原因状语从句 ‎...walking does need a bit of practice now_that_ (既然) gravity has changed. (教材 P31)‎ ‎4．as...as 比较结构 ‎..., but it will not be as_strong a pull as (像……一样强) the earth's. (教材 P31)‎ ‎5．“倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”句型 But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as_on_the_earth (是地球上的两 倍远) and fell over. (教材 P31)‎ 巩固训练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．________ is even more important is that ________ the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.‎ 答案：What; as ‎2．According to a widely ________ (accept) theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” ________threw matter in all directions.‎ 答案：accepted; that/which ‎3．It was not immediately obvious ________ water was to be fundamental ________ the development of life.‎ 答案：that; to ‎4．________ a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot ________ (live) on.‎ 答案：As; to live ‎5．________ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.‎ 答案：Whether ‎6．________ many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve ________ (harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas.‎ 答案：What; harmful ‎7．They produced young generally ________ laying eggs.‎ 答案：by ‎8．Leaving the moon's gravity ________ (be) not as painful as leaving the earth's.‎ 答案：was/is ‎9．Last month, I was lucky enough ________ (have) a chance ________ (make) a trip into space with my friend.‎ 答案：to have; to make ‎10．I might even grow ________ (tall) if I stay here long enough.‎ 答案：taller ‎1 harmful adj.有害的 What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water ‎ allowed the earth to dissolve ‎ harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (P26)‎ 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)be harmful to 对……有害 ‎(2)harm n．&vt.伤害；损害 Do harm to sb. /do sb. harm 对某人有害 There is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处 ‎(3)harmless adj.无害的 Harmlessness n．无害 语境助记 ‎①The drought was_harmful_to the crops.‎ 这场干旱对农作物有危害。‎ ‎②Fruit juice can do_harm_to children's teeth.‎ 果汁可能会损害儿童的牙齿。‎ ‎③They may not be able to help but there's_no_harm in asking them.‎ 他们可能帮不上忙，但求他们一下倒也无妨。‎ ‎2 exist vi.存在；生存 They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(P26)‎ 它们也下蛋并在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)exist on 靠……生存/生活 exist by 靠……方式为生 exist in 存在于……之中 There exist(s)．..某地有……；存在……消极的一面 ‎(2)come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在 in existence 现存的 ‎(3)existing adj.现存的；目前的 名师点睛 exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·四川高考]It exists in milk in great amount.‎ 牛奶中它(钙)的含量很大。‎ ‎②They can't exist_on the money he's earning.‎ 他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。‎ ‎③There_exists a generation gap between the young and the old.‎ 青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。‎ ‎④Pakistan came_into_existence as an independent country after the war.‎ 巴基斯坦在战后就以一个独立国家存在了。‎ ‎⑤It can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in_existence,_such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.‎ 能看到仍然存在的传统的苹果品种，如曾由罗马人种植的 Decio 苹果，真是令人大开眼界。‎ ‎⑥介词填空 a．Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist in his mind.‎ b．The old lady became seriously ill last week, and she has only existed on milk ever since.‎ c．The Imperial Palace in Beijing has been in existence for more than 500 years.‎ ‎3 puzzle n．谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.(P27)‎ 地球上的生命是怎样开始的，这是科学家们发现难以解决的最大的谜团之一。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好 a puzzle to sb. 一件让人感到困惑的事情 puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索 puzzle sb. 迷惑某人；使某人困惑 puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案 ‎(2)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 Puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的 be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解 名师点睛 puzzled 意为“迷惑的；不解的”，往往用于指人或人的表情、脸色、声音等；puzzling 意为“令人迷惑的；让人不解的”，往往指物。‎ 语境助记 ① ‎[2016·江苏高考]Many people are somewhat puzzled at the negative side of the voting, although some are quite happy with it, and active in doing it.‎ 尽管有些人热衷于选举，并且积极参与，但是也有很多人对选举消极的一面有点儿困惑。‎ ‎②People have long puzzled_over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.‎ 人们长期对埃及人如何搬动如此巨大的石头而感到困惑不解。‎ ‎③[牛津高阶]He was trying to puzzle_out why he had been brought to the house.‎ 他想弄明白自己为何被带到这所房子。‎ ‎④What_puzzled_the_doctors_most was that they could not find the cause of the disease.‎ 使医生最困惑的是他们找不到致病的原因。‎ ‎⑤I'm in_a_puzzle as to what to do next.‎ 对于下一步该做什么我不知道。‎ ‎⑥Where the missing plane has gone still remains a_puzzle_to us.‎ 失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。‎ ‎⑦The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling maths problem.‎ 她脸上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考令人困惑的数学问题。‎ ‎4 pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity.(P30)‎ 随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。‎ 归纳拓展 pull away (车辆等)驶离；开走 pull in (车辆等)进站；靠停 pull down 拆除；(把身体)拖垮 pull off (匆忙地)脱下(衣物)；(成功地)完成 pull on (匆忙地)穿上 pull out 拔出；驶出；摆脱(困难)‎ pull through 恢复健康；渡过难关 pull up 停车 pull together (使)齐心协力 语境助记 ‎①I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.‎ 我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。‎ ‎②[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Larry pulled_over,_set the brake and got hold of the fire extinguisher (灭火器)．‎ 拉里停下车，将车设为制动状态并抓起灭火器开始灭火。‎ ‎③[2016·江苏高考]I now regularly pull_out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo.‎ 现在我会定期拿出手机核查事实，看录像及读微博。‎ ‎④They are_pulling_down some houses to make room for a new hotel.‎ 他们正在拆除一些房子，目的是为了给新旅馆腾地。‎ ‎⑤The train pulled_in and all the passengers got off.‎ 火车进站了，所有的乘客都下了车。‎ ‎⑥So long as we pull_together there's no mountain top we can't conquer.‎ 只要我们齐心协力，就没有攀登不上的高峰。‎ ‎⑦Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull_through or not.‎ 每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．What makes me ________ (puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.‎ 答案：puzzled 考查形容词作宾补。此处表示“迷惑的；困惑的”，故填 puzzled。‎ ‎2．Formaldehyde (甲醛) is used in the building materials, which is as ‎ ‎________ (harm) a chemical to our health as melamine.‎ 答案：harmful 考查词性转换。根据“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.”结构及句意可知，空处应填形容词harmful“有害的”。‎ ‎3．________ existed a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.‎ 答案：There 考查 exist 的用法。根据“There exist＋名词＋...”结构可知答案。‎ ‎4．The students couldn't agree with one another, so there was a ________ (violence) discussion over the plan.‎ 答案：violent 考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知，此空格处填形容词作定语修饰 discussion。‎ ‎5．________ (like) what you supposed, only few people attended his birthday party, which was disappointing.‎ 答案：Unlike 考查词性转换。结合语意可知，“并不像”你所猜测的那样，故填 Unlike。‎ ‎6．Mary earned little money a month, so she had to exist only ________ fast noodles.‎ 答案：on 考查固定短语 exist on，意为“靠……生存”。‎ ‎7．He found something ________ (float) on the lake, which frightened him.‎ 答案：floating 考查“find＋宾语＋宾补”的用法。结合语意可知，something 和 float 之间为主动关系，且表示“正漂浮着”，故填 floating。‎ ‎8．The debate between science and ________ (religious) continues to be heated.‎ 答案：religion 考查词性转换。science and religion“科学与宗教”。‎ ‎9．“Can you do me a favor now, please？” Tom said ________ (gentle)．‎ 答案：gently 考查词性转换。此处修饰 said 这一动词，故应用副词，并注意拼写。‎ ‎10．When we were in the middle of the lake, a strong wind came all of a sudden. The boat was hit________ (violence)．‎ 答案：violently 考查词性转换。violently 修饰动词 hit。‎ ‎1 in time 及时；终于；最终 They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, ... (P25)‎ 它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，……‎ 归纳拓展 at a time 一次；每次 at one time 曾经；一度 at times 有时，间或 at no time 决不；从不 at the same time 与此同时；然而 in no time 立刻；马上 on time 按时；准时 for the time being 暂时 take one's time 别着急；慢慢来 名师点睛 ( 1(in time 后可接 for sth./to do sth.的形式，意为“做某事及时/来得及”。‎ ( 2(at no time 等含否定意义的词组位于句首，句子要部分倒装；in no time 意为“立刻，马上”，‎ 无否定意义，置于句首，不引起倒装。‎ 语境助记 ‎①We arrived in the summer, just in_time to enjoy the midnight sun.‎ 我们是夏季到的，正好赶上欣赏子夜的太阳。‎ ‎②If you keep on, you will succeed in_time.‎ 如果坚持下去，总有一天你会成功的。‎ ‎③We'll do up your car in_no_time at all.‎ 我们很快就能把你的汽车修好。‎ ‎④If you can't arrive there on_time,_you should inform them of it in advance.‎ 如果你不能按时到达，应该预先通知他们。‎ ‎⑤[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]At_one_time,_I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.‎ 我曾一度感觉父母不理解我，因此我希望能够摆脱他们的束缚。‎ ‎⑥[2016·北京高考]Anxious all_the_time,_I was unable to keep focused ‎ for more than an hour at atime.‎ 我一直都很焦虑，很难一次集中注意力一个多小时。‎ ‎2 in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.(P26)‎ 于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。‎ 归纳拓展 in turn 依次；轮流；逐个；相应地；转而 by turns 轮流；依次 take turns doing/to_do sth. 轮流做……‎ It's one's turn to_do sth. 轮到某人干某事 It turns/turned out that... 结果……‎ 语境助记 ‎①All theories are from practice and in_turn serve practice.‎ 所有的理论都来源于实践，并转而为实践服务。‎ ‎②When it_is_in_my_turn,_I am too excited to speak.‎ 当轮到我时，我激动地说不出话来。‎ ‎③I think it's_my_turn to drive the kids to school this week.‎ 我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。‎ ‎④The young parents had to take_turns to look after their sick baby.‎ 这对年轻的父母不得不轮流照看他们生病的孩子。‎ ‎⑤It_turned_out_that this young man was none other than the old man's ‎ son.‎ 结果这位年轻人竟然正是这个老人的儿子。‎ ‎3 cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋 I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.(P31)‎ 我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)cheer sb. up 使某人感到高兴/振奋 cheer sb. on 为……鼓气；向……喝彩 ‎(2)cheering adj.能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的 Cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的 Cheerless adj.阴冷的；阴暗的；阴郁的；不快乐的 cheers (用于祝酒)干杯；再见 语境助记 ‎①[2016·天津高考]Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to cheer_up her friends and praise their accomplishments.‎ 凯茜并未期待任何奖励，而是仍旧在那里鼓励她的朋友们，表扬他们的成绩。‎ ‎②When I'm feeling sad my mother tells me funny stories to_cheer_me_up.‎ 当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。‎ ‎③We did our best to cheer_him_on when he was about to give up.‎ 当他将要放弃时，我们尽力鼓励他。‎ ‎④[2016·天津高考]In the author's eyes, motorheads are cheerful_and_smart.‎ 在作者眼中，技校学生是快乐而且聪明的。‎ ‎⑤Cheers! With our coffee cups for our future!‎ 以咖啡代酒，为我们的未来干杯吧！‎ 过关演练 选词填空 break out； now that； block out； cheer up； take turns to do； give birth to； get the hang of；watch out for； prevent...from...； in time ‎1．________ you have a chance, you might as well make full use of it.‎ 答案：Now that ‎2．Do remember ________ cars while crossing the street.‎ 答案：to watch out for ‎3．Black clouds can never ________ the sun.‎ 答案：block out ‎4．The officer demanded that such things ________ happening again.‎ 答案：(should) be prevented from ‎5．Mrs Green had a heart attack. But luckily, the doctor came ________ to save her life.‎ 答案：in time ‎6．Only by practicing time and time again can you ________ the grammar rules.‎ 答案：get the hang of ‎7．We usually ________ do some cleaning, and today it is my turn to do it.‎ 答案：take turns to ‎8．A heavy fire ________ in the department store last night and luckily everyone escaped from it.‎ 答案：broke out ‎9．Jenny was ill. So I sent her some flowers to ________.‎ 答案：cheer her up ‎10．It was the study of history that ________ the social science.‎ 答案：gave birth to ‎1 This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible for life to_develop.(P26)‎ 这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。‎ 归纳拓展 这是“make it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth.”句型。该句型中 it 为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。‎ ‎(1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋不定式/从句 ‎(2)make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 名词或形容词 不带to的不定式 过去分词 介词短语 ‎(3)find,_feel,_think,_leave 等动词也有这样的用法 语境助记 ‎①[2016·江苏高考]Better sewers (下水道) make_it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.‎ 更好的下水道使得人们在暴雨之后肠胃不适病的爆发就不太可能发生。‎ ‎②They want to make_it_clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.‎ 他们想让人们明白他们做的是重要和必要的工作。‎ ‎③The fact that she was foreign made_it_difficult for her to get a job in that country.‎ 她是一个外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到一份工作。‎ ‎2 But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.(P31)‎ 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。‎ 归纳拓展 twice as far as...是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。as far as...“远到……”。‎ 英语里常见的倍数表达法有：‎ A＋动词＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B A＋动词＋倍数＋adj. /adv.比较级＋than B A＋动词＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋of B A＋动词＋倍数＋what 从句，表示“A 是……的多少倍”‎ A＋动词＋倍数＋that＋of B 语境助记 ‎①The plane flew ten_times_as_high as the kite.‎ 那架飞机的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍。‎ ‎②It is reported that a new planet has been discovered recently, which is almost three_times_bigger than Earth.Hopefully it can support human life.‎ 据报道，最近发现了一颗新行星，几乎比地球大三倍。人类有望能在上面生活。‎ ‎③Beijing is ten_times_the_size of my hometown.‎ 北京是我家乡的十倍大。‎ ‎④The world's population has grown to more than six_times_what it was in 1800.‎ 目前世界人口与 1800 年相比已经增长到当时的六倍多。‎ ‎⑤It's said that the power plant is now twice_as_large_as what it was.‎ ‎→It's said that the power plant is now twice_the_size_of what it was.‎ 据说该发电厂现在是过去的两倍大。‎ ‎⑥In the workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that_of January.‎ 这个车间七月份的产量是元月份的 3.5 倍。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself ________ (hear)．‎ 答案：heard 考查非谓语动词。make himself heard“使别人听清楚自己(的话)”。‎ ‎2．My uncle's house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice ________expensive.‎ 答案：as 考查倍数表达法。根据句式分析可以看出，此处省略了 as ours。‎ ‎3．He is ________ clever that he worked out the problem in ________ a short time.‎ 答案：so; such 考查“so＋adj./adv.＋that”句式和“such＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.”结构。‎ ‎4．The school makes ________ a rule for students to be forbidden to bring mobile phones into classroom.‎ 答案：it 考查 it 的用法。其中 it 为形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语。‎ ‎5．________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.‎ 答案：What 考查主语从句。从句中没有主语，故应填 What。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．His hard work ________________ for him to succeed in such a long time.‎ 他的努力工作使他在如此漫长的时间里成功成为可能。‎ 答案：made it possible ‎2．Global warming is heating the planet ________________ previously feared.‎ 全球变暖的速度是人们以前担心的两倍。‎ 答案：twice as quickly as ‎3．It is no clear ________ they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication ________.‎ 他们是否能通过交流达成协议还不太清楚。‎ 答案：whether; or not 主语从句 主语从句 在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句(Subject Clause)。引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：‎ ‎①连接词 that, whether 等；‎ ‎②连接代词 what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever 等；‎ ‎③连接副词 when, where, why, how 等。‎ That she could come to help us made us very happy.‎ 她能来帮我们使我们很高兴。‎ Where the English evening will be held hasn't been decided.‎ 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有决定下来。‎ Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.‎ 无论你在业余时间做什么都不应伤害他人。‎ 主语从句能用 it 作形式上的主语 由于主语从句太长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。比较常 见的句型有：‎ ‎①It＋be＋形容词(important, likely, possible, clear 等)＋主语从句；‎ ‎②It＋be＋名词(fact/idea/mystery/pity/pleasure/wonder 等)＋主语从句；‎ ‎③It＋be＋过去分词(known/said/reported/suggested 等)＋主语从句；‎ ‎④It＋不及物动词(appear/seem/happen 等)＋主语从句。‎ It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.‎ 很显然，学生们应该为自己的未来做好准备。‎ It is suggested that the old man (should) go to the countryside to have a rest.‎ 建议这位老人到乡村去休息一下。‎ It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly.‎ 让他吃惊的是他们突然来看他。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)。‎ ‎1．[2016·浙江高考]It is likely ________ babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe;‎ nor are they ever clearly taught it.‎ 答案：that 考查主语从句。it 为形式主语，that 引导的从句为真正的主语。‎ ‎2．________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.‎ 答案：How 考查主语从句。从句中主、谓、宾语齐全，因此结合语意填连接副词。句意：我们 理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。故填 how。‎ ‎3．I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.‎ 答案：what 考查主语从句。从句中缺少主语，因此填关系接代词，且指事物，故填 what。‎ ‎4．________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.‎ 答案：That 考查主语从句。从句中既不缺成分也不缺语意，故填 that。‎ ‎5．________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worthy of being praised.‎ 答案：Whoever 考查主语从句。从句中缺少主语，且指人，结合语意可知，此处表示“无论谁”。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时 16′)‎ A ‎[2019·复旦附中高三检测]Space exploration has always been the provinceW1 of dreamers: The human imagination readily soars while human ingenuity (创造力) struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly. In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade'send, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later.‎ By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up at odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims. When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow－up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromisedW3 space shuttle program has just come to an end， with no successor. The perpetual argument is that funds are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid ‎ the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury—as if saving one－thousandth of a single year's budget would solve our problems. But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom－up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within reach of rich civiliansW4 in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream. The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us－not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin－off technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed_off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealedtoP2 the idea that humans can transcend what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot ofthe credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is capable of greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直都是梦想家的领域，它激发了人类的想象力和创造力。‎ ‎1．The author mentions Cyrano de Bergerac in order to show ‎ that________.‎ A．imagination is the mother of invention B．ingenuity is essential for science fiction writers C．it takes patience for humans to realize their dreams D．dreamers have always been interested in science fiction 答案：A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句中的“The human imagination readily soars whilehuman ingenuity (创造力) struggles to follow.”可知，人类想象力汹涌澎湃，而人类的创造力也苦苦地紧 追不舍，也就是“想象是创造之母”。故选 A。‎ ‎2．How did the general public view Kennedy's space exploration plan?‎ A．It symbolized the American dream.‎ B．It was as urgent as racial equality.‎ C．It sounded very much like a dream.‎ D．It made an ancient dream come true.‎ 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality.”可知，1961‎ 年肯尼迪总统宣布美国将到 20 世纪 60 年代末把人类送到月球上，那样的话语同样也像是做梦一般。故选 C。‎ ‎3．What does the author say about America's aim to explore space?‎ A．It may not bring about immediate economic gains.‎ B．It cannot be realized without technological innovation.‎ C．It will not help the realization of racial and economic equality.‎ D．It cannot be achieved without a good knowledge of the other worlds.‎ 答案：A 推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句“The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.”可知，为种族和经济平等的斗争非常讲求实用，能够产生立竿见影的效果，而探索太空不可能产生立竿见影的经济效果。故选 A。‎ ‎4．Which of the following is the closest to the underlined phrase “feed off” in the last paragraph?‎ A．support B．contradict C．weaken D．substitute for 答案：A 词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句“The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us—not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin－off technologies they produce,‎ but because the two types of dreams feed off each other.”可知，太空梦想家们的努力终将造福我们所有人，其原因不仅在于他们拓展人类知识的方式，或者他们研发出来的衍生技术，而是因为两种类型的梦想 可以相互扶持。可知 feed off 是“support”的意思。故选 A。‎ ‎5．What is the author's attitude toward space programs?‎ A．Critical. B．Reserved.‎ C．Unbiased. D．Supportive.‎ 答案：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us”可知，作者是支持梦想家们的，也是支持美国的太空探索项目的。故选 D。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．province n. 领域；省份 ‎2．deliver vt. 发表；递送；交付 ‎3．compromise vt. 让步；放弃 n. 折中，妥协 ‎4．civilian n. 平民；老百姓 ‎5．credit n. 荣誉；信用 P重点短语 ‎1．come to an end 结束 2.appeal to 呼吁；上诉；要求 B ‎[2019·成都毕业班诊断]NASA's New Horizons probe (宇宙探测器) flew by Pluto (冥王星) this morning, sending back history's first up－close looks at the vast freezing－cold world. Closest approach came at 7：49 a．m. EDT. To celebrate, NASA gaveoutP1 the latest photo of Pluto. It showed a reddish world with an amazing heart－shaped feature on its surface. After today's close encounterW1， all the nine solar system's traditionally recognized planets have nowbeen visited by a spaceship—a huge project begun in 1962 when NASA's Mariner 2 probe flew past Venus, a planet in the solar system. More than 1,200 scientists, NASA guests and important persons, including 200 reporters, watched the flyby ‎ live at New Horizons' missionW2 control center.‎ That close encounter has been a long time coming. The $723 million New Horizons mission launched in January 2006 but began taking shape in 1989. “New Horizons is „a capstone mission‟，” Glen Fountain, mission project manager told Space. com. “It is the first completion of the observations of our solar system. It is giving us a new idea about how we human beings fit into the universe.” “New Horizons faced a crazy number of challenges，” Stern, a driving force behind New Horizons said, “So many people stuck with this for so long. They got knocked down; they stood up. They got knocked down again; they stood up again.”‎ In a coincidence, today's close approach falls on the 50th anniversaryW5 of the first flyby of Mars, another planet, which was completed by NASA－s Mariner 4 spaceship. There are no longer nine officially recognized planets, of course. The International Astronomical Union regarded Pluto as “a dwarf planet” in 2006 in a decision that remains controversial (有争议的) today.‎ 篇章导读：文章主要讲述了对太阳系行星冥王星的探测以及对其地位的讨论。‎ ‎6．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．Ideas still vary in the identity of Pluto.‎ B．Only scientists could watch the flyby live.‎ C．Mars is the first planet visited by a spaceship.‎ D．New Horizons mission aimed to observe the solar system.‎ 答案：A 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“The International Astronomical Union regarded Pluto as „a dwarf planet‟ in 2006 in a decision that remains controversial (有争议的) today.”可知，对冥王星的认识还是有争议的。故答案是 A。‎ ‎7．Glen Fountain may probably agree that ________.‎ A．it is the most difficult to land on Pluto in the solar system B．New Horizons mission is a long and troublesome project C．their strong determination leads to the successful flyby D．people are likely to find new ways to fit into space 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“It's giving us a new idea about how we human beings fit into the universe.”可知，格伦·方丹认为人们或许会发现另外一种方法去探究太空。故答案是 D。‎ ‎8．Which is the best title for the passage?‎ A．A New Horizons Probe B．NASA's Huge Project C．Pluto, a Controversial Planet D．A Close Approach to Pluto 答案：D 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了对太阳系行星冥王星的探测。故答案是 D。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．encounter n. 相遇；遭遇 vt. 遭遇；遇到 ‎2．mission n. 使命；任务 ‎3．launch vt. 开始从事；发起；发射 ‎4．observation n. 观察；观测 ‎5．anniversary n. 周年纪念日 P重点短语 ‎1．give out 分发；发出；公布 ‎2．regard...as... 将……视为……‎ Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时 7′)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ [2019·衡水中学三调]It is generally believed that money can't buy happiness. However, that may not be always true. According to a recent article, in the last few years, a new research has given us a far deeper understanding of the relationship between what we earn and how we feel. Broadly speaking, people with higher incomes are happier than those who struggle to get by. But it also shows you need to spend wisely if you expect those bank notes to put a smile on your face. __1__‎ ‎1．Buy experiences, not material goods.‎ In a recently published study, Professor Ryan at San Francisco State University in the US, found thatwhen people don't have much money to spare, they tend to stick to material goods. __2__ But they actually provide both more happiness and more lasting value.‎ ‎2. __3__‎ No matter how much money you spend on something and how special that product is, you will get used to having it over time and lose interest in it. With the same money you spend on one big object, you can buy many little things. Buying small things means you can get frequent small pleasures.‎ ‎3．Be sure to buy time.‎ ‎__4__ For example, that big house in the suburbs may seem like a good idea, but a 2014 study by researchers from University of Zurich in Switzerland found that people with longer time on the way reported lower life satisfaction, all other things being equal.‎ ‎4．Try giving it away.‎ Elizabeth Dunn, professor at the University of British Columbia in Canada, found that in nations as diverse as Canada, South Africa and Uganda, giving away money consistently made people happier. __5__‎ A．Be sure to buy what you like.‎ B．Here are some ways to better spend your money.‎ C．Buy lots of little things, rather than one big thing.‎ D．There are a lot of reasons someone might buy something.‎ E．People think experiences only provide temporary happiness.‎ F．This was even true when people giving away were relatively poor.‎ G．Consider how the things you buy will affect how you spend your ‎ time.‎ 篇章导读：本文是议论文。文章就如何更好地消费给出几条建议。‎ ‎1．B 承上启下的过渡句。主要引领下文四条建议。‎ ‎2．E 结合上下文并紧扣小标题中的关键词 buy experiences 可知，答案为 E。‎ ‎3．C 根据该段中关键语句“With the same money you spend on one big object, you can buy many little things. Buying small things means you can get frequent small pleasures.”可知，C 项符合语境。‎ ‎4．G 该段关键词为“buy time”，G 项为“Consider how the things you buy will affect how you spend your time.”，紧扣小标题，符合语境。‎ ‎5．F 该段关键词为“give away”，即赠送的乐趣。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时 8′)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎[2018·河北名校联考]A police car pulled up in front of an older woman's house, and her husband climbed out. The polite policeman __1__ (explain) to his wife that “this elderly gentleman” said that he was lost in the park and that couldn't find his way home. “How could it happen？” she asked __2__ (surprise). “You've been going to that park for over 30 years! How could you get lost？”Getting close __3__ his ear so that the policeman couldn't hear, he whispered，“I wasn't lost—I was just too tired __4__ (walk) home. __5__ I wanted to do is have someone send me ‎ home.”Old age is like __6__ (climb)a mountain. The __7__ (high) you get, the more tired and breathless you will become. Your bodies will become less __8__ (cooperate) than before as you age. But you can have a better view when you reach the top of the mountain __9__ one can have a longer view of the past and can therefore understand the future with more clarity. It is your attitude that matters. George Bernard Shaw said, “Some are younger at seventy than most at seventeen.” I think it is because they have a broader outlook. __10__ will take a lifetime to climb the mountain, but, for me, the view will be worth the journey.‎ ‎1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________‎ ‎5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________‎ ‎9．________ 10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文为议论文。变老并不可怕，只要我们的心态年轻，即便身体老了，也能像年轻人 那样生活，享受生活。‎ ‎1．explained 考查动词的时态。句中缺少谓语，且故事发生在过去，故用 explained。‎ ‎2．surprisedly 考查词性转换。用副词来修饰主语她当时说话的神态。‎ ‎3．to 考查介词。get close to 为固定短语，意为“接近，靠近”。‎ ‎4．to walk 考查固定句式。“too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth.”结构意为“太……而不能干某事”。‎ ‎5．What/All 考查主语从句和定语从句。用 What 则为主语从句；用 ‎ All 则 All 后为定语从句。‎ ‎6．climbing 考查固定搭配。like 为介词，be like doing sth.“像做某事”。‎ ‎7．higher 考查固定句式。“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”，意为“越……，就越……”。‎ ‎8．cooperative 考查形容词。作 become 的表语，故用形容词。‎ ‎9．where 考查定语从句。where 引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎10．It 考查代词。It 作形式主语，用在固定句式 It takes time to do sth. “花费时间干某事。”‎ Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时 20′)‎ ‎[2016·衡水中学考前模拟]假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Jane 准备暑假来中国学习中文，给你写 信请你帮忙推荐一所中文学校，最好还能提供住宿方面的信息。请根据以下要点给她回复一封电子邮件。‎ ‎1．学校位置：你家附近；‎ ‎2．教学方面：课程、经验等；‎ ‎3．食宿：学校或你家。‎ 注意：1.词数 100 左右；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Jane，‎ Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[标准范文]‎ Dear_Jane，‎ Glad to receive your e－mail and know that you would like to learn Chinese in China this summer vacation. Fortunately, just next to my neighborhood lies a well－known language school experienced in teaching foreigners Chinese. Despite various cultural backgrounds, the students can speak Chinese freely after the training. They teach different courses for different students and the classes are lively and interesting.‎ I'm sure you will like it. This is a boarding school, so you can live and eat in the school. It is close to my house and we still have a room to spare, so you can stay with us if you like. Then all my family can help you practise Chinese.‎ Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua