黑龙江大庆实验中学学高一上年末考试英语

黑龙江大庆实验中学学高一上年末考试英语

黑龙江大庆实验中学18-19学度高一上年末考试--英语 第一卷 第一部分 听力（ 共两节,满分30分）‎ 第一节：（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给旳A, B, C, 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应旳位置.听完每段对话后，你都有10秒旳时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.‎ ‎( ) 1. What is the woman interested in?‎ A. Music. B. Tea. C. Free talk.‎ ‎( ) 2. What sunglasses would the woman like to buy?‎ A. The green ones. B. The gray ones. C. The black ones.‎ ‎( ) 3. What shirts does the man suggest the woman buy?‎ A. The long sleeved (袖子). ‎ B. The short sleeved. ‎ C. Both of them.‎ ‎( ) 4. What does the man mostly want to do in the US?‎ A. Go to the mountains.‎ B. Go to the seaside.‎ C. Go some shopping.‎ ‎( ) 5. What does the man study English firstly for?‎ A. Getting a job.‎ B. Travelling abroad.‎ C. Doing a better job.‎ 第二节：（ 共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给旳A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷旳相应位置.听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟旳作答时间.每段对话或独白读两遍.‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题 ‎( ) 6. What does the man want to buy?‎ A. A sports car. B. A family car. C. He has no idea.‎ ‎( ) 7. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Friends.‎ B. Tourist and Guide.‎ C. Salesgirl and customer.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题 ‎( ) 8. What day is it today?‎ A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday.‎ ‎( ) 9. When will the speakers have a party?‎ A. Next Thursday night.‎ B. Next Friday afternoon.‎ C. Next Friday evening.‎ ‎( ) 10. Where will the party be held?‎ A. At the man’s.‎ B. At the woman’s.‎ C. At Richard’s.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题 ‎( ) 11. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Boss and clerk.‎ B. Interviewer and interviewee.‎ C. Teacher and student.‎ ‎( ) 12. What do we know about the woman?‎ A. She likes typing.‎ B. She likes answering the phone.‎ C. She likes meeting people.‎ ‎( ) 13. What is the woman NOT interested in?‎ A. Cooking.‎ B. Sewing.‎ C. Filling.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题 ‎( ) 14. Why does the man read his English notes?‎ A. To prepare a test.‎ B. To do his homework.‎ C. To enjoy the interesting lesson.‎ ‎( ) 15. What happened in 1876?‎ A. The first call was made.‎ B. Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb.‎ C. America was discovered by Columbus.‎ ‎( ) 16. When did the US declare its independence from England?‎ A. In 1492. B. In 1776. C. In 1879.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题 ‎( ) 17. What did the two men do the night before they left Australia?‎ A. They went shopping.‎ B. They stayed up late with fans.‎ C. They drank beer together and got drunk.‎ ‎( ) 18. What happened on their way to the airport?‎ A. Their car hit a kangaroo.‎ B. They killed a kangaroo.‎ C. A kangaroo took their money.‎ ‎( ) 19. Why was the motorist (驾车人) surprised at the sight of the kangaroo?‎ A. It was in a green jacket.‎ B. It was bleeding.‎ C. It was running at the airport.‎ ‎( ) 20. Where were the men’s air tickets?‎ A. In the car.‎ B. In the hotel.‎ C. In the pocket of the green jacket.‎ 第二部分　英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节　单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处旳最佳选项.‎ ‎( ) 21. Carl is studying ______ food science at college and hopes to open up ______ meat production factory of his own one day.‎ A. /, a B. /, the C. the, a D. the, the ‎( ) 22. I think the VCD set is ______ that one I bought last month.‎ A. as good or better than B. good as or better than C. so good or better as D. as good as or better than ‎( ) 23. The second ______ the bus was a student with a bag of books.‎ A. getting on B. getting into C. to get on D. to get into ‎( ) 24. — My car ______ twice this month, and I am really angry at it.‎ ‎— I’m sorry to hear that.‎ A. has been broken in B. was broken in C. has been broken into D. was broken into ‎( ) 25. When you are home, give a call to let me know you ______ safely.‎ A. have arrived B. are arriving C. had arrived D. will arrive ‎( ) 26. — I’m very ______ to visit your family.‎ ‎— ______ you’ve been here, do stay a couple of days.‎ A. delight; Now that B. delightful; Since that C. delighted; Since that D. delighted; Now that ‎( ) 27. They had to ______ the meeting because the organizers didn’t prepare the hall well, where people can share their opinions and hold discussions.‎ A. put forward B. put out C. put up D. put off ‎( ) 28. Don’t be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you’ll enjoy every day of your life.‎ A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken ‎( ) 29. The newly designed shirt ______ me but the color ______ me well.‎ A. doesn’t fit; fits B. isn’t fit for; fits C. doesn’t fit; suits D. isn't fit; suits ‎( ) 30. The plane Jim took ______ arrive at 11:30, but was almost one hour late, which made his parents worried.‎ A. was about to B. was likely to C. was supposed to D. was certain to ‎( ) 31. Jose cupped his hands together to cover his mouth ______ other people would see him cry.‎ A. so that B. now that C. for fear that D. on condition that ‎( ) 32. He was a much older player but he had the great ______ of experience.‎ A. interest B. success C. advantage D. construction ‎( ) 33. — I like your new shoes!‎ ‎— Thanks. I had to try on almost a dozen pairs ______ I decided to get them.‎ A. as B. when C. after D. before ‎( ) 34. I can’t wait to set off immediately! At this moment tomorrow morning, I ______ breakfast with my family at home.‎ A. will have B. am having C. will be having D. have had ‎( ) 35. — I’d like to have a smoke if you don’t mind.‎ ‎— ______. Can’t you see the sign there? It’s a non-smoking section.‎ A. Anything but that B. By all means C. Go ahead D. I wouldn’t say no to this 第二节 完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给旳四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处旳最佳选项.‎ Once a week, no matter how busy I am, I take an afternoon off and just sit and stare at the clouds.‎ It's not always 36 to rearrange (重新安排) my schedule (时间表), but once I 37 myself on my usual bench and turn my head skyward (转向天空), my cares and 38 are all gone as the clouds work their magic.‎ ‎“Look! Look at that one,” my mother will say. “How 39 and fluffy (蓬松旳) it is! And it reaches across the 40 .”‎ My mother is eighty-eight years old and it is she who 41 me to this weekly meeting with the clouds. Ten years ago, her doctors diagnosed (诊断) her with dementia (老年痴呆). But in her present state of constant (一直旳) 42 and happiness, it's hard for me to see her disease.‎ ‎“Mmmm, 43 that breeze (微风),” she'll say, “nice and soft.”‎ I realize that, if she hadn't 44 it, I probably would have let the breeze go unnoticed. But her words 45 me down and I feel that gentle breeze 46 my cheek, and feel the slow movement of my long hair in the wind. Every now and then she’ll turn to me, saying, “But nothing is 47 than having my favorite 48 beside me. You are even more beautiful than the 49 .”‎ This time with my mother is bittersweet (苦乐参半旳). She 50 had an eye for beauty. She always took the time to stop and stare at the clouds or ‎51 a full moon. When she saw the beauties, she would collect them to point them out to others who didn't take the time to 52 and see. I was not only too ‎ busy to see all the 53 around me, but also too busy to really notice how great my mom is.‎ ‎“Look! Look at that one,” my mother will say. “Have you ever 54 anything so beautiful?” and I 55 and look at her and realize that, until this precious time in my life, I understand love and life.‎ ‎( ) 36. A. relaxed B. hard C. worthwhile D. easy ‎( ) 37. A. bring B. park C. make D. help ‎( ) 38. A. diseases B. views C. troubles D. belongings ‎( ) 39. A. soft B. white C. sweet D. quiet ‎( ) 40. A. ground B. sky C. tree D. farm ‎( ) 41. A. forces B. makes C. pushes D. draws ‎( ) 42. A. friendship B. kindness C. peace D. suggestion ‎( ) 43. A. take B. blow C. feel D. touch ‎( ) 44. A. divided B. found C. received D. mentioned ‎( ) 45. A. slow B. put C. call D. break ‎( ) 46. A. against B. by C. on D. into ‎( ) 47. A. clearer B. better C. quicker D. easier ‎( ) 48. A. sister B. friend C. student D. daughter ‎( ) 49. A. pictures B. gifts C. clouds D. flowers ‎( ) 50. A. sometimes B. always C. never D. also ‎( ) 51. A. paint B. think C. enjoy D. imagine ‎( ) 52. A. ask B. judge C. work D. stop ‎( ) 53. A. beauties B. people C. stories D. things ‎( ) 54. A. seen B. known C. taken D. considered ‎( ) 55. A. think B. turn C. reply D. nod 第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给旳四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项.‎ A Dear Readers,‎ I have received many letters from children and can’t answer them all. That is why I am sending you this printed reply to your letter. I’ll try to answer some of the questions that are commonly asked.‎ Where did I get the idea for Stuart Little and Charlotte’s Web? Well, many years ago I went to bed one night in a railway sleeping car, and during the night I dreamed about a tiny boy who acted rather like a mouse. That’s how the story of Stuart Little got started.‎ As for Charlotte’s Web, one day I felt sorry for the pig in the barn (谷仓) because, like most pigs, he was doomed (注定旳) to die. So I started thinking of ways to save a pig’s life. I had been watching a big grey spider at her work and was impressed by how clever she was at weaving (织). Gradually, I ‎ worked the spider into the story, you know, a story of friendship and salvation (拯救) on a farm.‎ Sometimes I’m asked how old I was when I started to write, and what made me want to write. I started early --- as soon as I could spell. In fact, I can’t remember any time in my life when I wasn’t busy writing. I don't know what caused me to do it, or why I enjoyed it, but I think children often find pleasure and satisfaction in trying to set their thoughts down on paper, either in words or in pictures. I was not good at drawing, so I used words instead. As I grew older, I found that writing can be a way of earning a living.‎ Are my stories true, you ask? No, they are imaginary stories, containing fantastic characters and events. In real life, a family doesn’t have a child who looks like a mouse; in real life, a spider doesn't spin (编织) words into her web. But real life is not only one kind of life --- there is also the life of the imagination. And although my stories are imaginary, I like to think that there is some truth in them, too --- truth about the way people and animals feel and think and act.‎ ‎( ) 56. This letter is written to ______.‎ A. correct a mistake in one of his books B. answer some common questions from readers C. introduce the writer’s two famous books D. explain why the writer likes writing ‎( ) 57. The story of Stuart Little was inspired by ______.‎ A. a railway sleeping car B. a tiny baby C. a mouse D. an interesting dream ‎( ) 58. The third paragraph is mainly to ______.‎ A. explain the theme of Charlotte’s Web B. stress the writer’s deep love for animals C. seek help for animals D. show how the writer got the idea for Charlotte’s Web ‎( ) 59. Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A. The writer doesn't spend much time writing.‎ B. The writer liked drawing as a child.‎ C. The writer’s most famous works are written for children.‎ D. All of the writer’s works are based on his real life.‎ B Could you walk ‎50km to help raise ￡50,000 for the charity (慈善机构) Papworth Trust on Saturday, 16 May 2013?‎ Papworth Trust is now recruiting (招募) teams for a ‎50km walk on Saturday, 16 May 2013. This is the third time the Trust has run the event, and this year the walk will be supported by Bidwells and Barclays.‎ To achieve the target (目标) of ￡50,000, the charity needs 25 teams, each between 4-6 people. All members of the team will walk ‎50km together in just one day, and will be asked to raise at least ￡2,000 per team. Prizes will be awarded to the team that raises the largest amount of money, as well as the fastest team to complete the task.‎ The route (路线) follows parts of the ancient Icknield Way. It starts in Thetford Forest in Suffolk and finishes in the village‎ of ‎Burrough Green, where Papworth Trust will hold a well-earned celebration.‎ The walk is a great opportunity for team building. Giles Dobson, a partner at Bidwells said, “Walking for the ￡‎50,000 ‎event was great fun, and really united my team of colleagues (同事). I enjoyed it so much. I have signed up again this year. Now I just need to persuade others to join me!”‎ The charity is looking for business and organizations to take part in the challenge (挑战). If you are interested in it, please contact:‎ Marcus Barber Supporting Relations Manager T: 01480 357 200 ext 1147‎ E: marcus.barber@papworth.org.uk.‎ ‎( ) 60. The walk will be held mainly to ______.‎ A. raise money B. bring people fun C. let people do exercise D. encourage team building ‎( ) 61. We can learn from Giles that ______.‎ A. it’s a great challenge to finish the walk.‎ B. he enjoyed the event C. he will not join the walk this year D. there are not enough people taking part in the walk ‎( ) 62. The passage is probably ______.‎ A. a notice B. a story C. a piece of news D. an advertisement C Can you imagine what 680,000 tons of food look like? That’s the amount of food wasted in Britain each year, and at the top of the list of wasted food is bread. In the British diet, bread appears in every meal. It is eaten for breakfast, used for sandwiches for lunch and put in soups at dinner. Almost everyone in Britain buys bread --- from people of affluent families to ‎ common people who don't have much money.‎ Bread is so important to the British that they use the slang (俚语) word “bread” to mean “money” and the word “loaf” (一条面包) to mean “head”. So let’s use our “loaves” to understand why so much “bread” is wasted.‎ Even though bread is still sold in such a popular way and in such a large amount, that doesn't mean it is made full use of. We often say that half a loaf is still better than none, but it seems people are simply buying much more than they need, so they throw away the bread that they don’t need.‎ Baker Chris Young explains that the British aren’t valuing their bread because bread is no longer respected. “None of the bread that is thrown away is‘real’bread --- homemade or carefully made bread, but is bought from the bread shop.”‎ Another baker Mark Boyle agrees. “If you make something by yourself, you don't want to waste it because you know how much energy you have put into it. Although home baking is a nice idea, they don’t have much time to make bread by themselves at home because they have to work such long hours every day. So they simply buy bread and just bring it home to eat.”‎ Perhaps the British should try to bake bread by themselves, which can probably make their diet healthier and make their ‎ dustbins lighter.‎ ‎( ) 63. The first paragraph shows us that ______.‎ A. bread plays an important part in British diet B. bread is the favorite food of the British C. different British people like different kinds of bread D. bread will become less popular in ‎Britain ‎( ) 64. The underlined word “affluent” in Paragraph 1 means “______”.‎ A. poor B. usual C. rich D. happy ‎( ) 65. What does it mean if a British boss says to his workers “Use your loaf!”?‎ A. He wants his workers to have bread in the company.‎ B. He advises his workers to eat more bread.‎ C. He asks his workers to work more cleverly and carefully.‎ D. He promises to give his workers more money.‎ ‎( ) 66. Mark Boyle believes that the British throw much bread mainly because ______.‎ A. they are too rich to value bread B. they are tired of eating bread C. they don’t like the taste of bread D. they don’t put much energy into baking bread D Most people only tap (发掘) a small part of their potential (潜能). You do what you CAN do, but are you doing what you COULD do? Most people do what they CAN do, but not what they COULD do. But there is a whole other world of possibilities out there that most of us don’t even let ourselves think about them.‎ The larger question we need to ask ourselves is: Can we reach a greater potential than we have ever imagined? In fact, if you stop and think about it, what could you do? I mean if you weren’t afraid of failing, or if you decided to stop coming up with reasons for not doing something, what COULD you actually accomplish (完成)?‎ As a psychotherapist (心理咨询师), I was always interested in the stories that people told about themselves.‎ Joey Boring, a stockbroker (股票经纪人) worked in Edward Jones, was an average performer until he got a vision (想法) of what he COULD do. Within two years Joey became one of the top performers. In fact, during the global financial crisis (金融危机), his performance was up by 43％. Why? Joey decided not to limit himself. He said, “I realized that I could do more than I had ever thought I could do”, and he did! During a time that could have easily been the worst financial period in his career, he chose to view it as an opportunity and began to focus ‎ his efforts on ways to better serve his existing (现有旳) customers.‎ A young friend of mine, Ashtyn Van, sprained (扭) her knee pretty badly. As a 14-year-old girl, she decided that she could tell herself that she was strong enough and good enough to do it. That day, she received the highest score at the state level competition. She could do more than she was doing.‎ I wonder what limits you today. Perhaps we are only held back by our own limited thinking.‎ ‎( ) 67. According to the text, what you COULD do are things that ______.‎ A. you are not sure but may be successful in B. you have the ability to do C. you are able to deal with D. you have managed to do ‎( ) 68. What does the author mean by giving the two examples?‎ A. To sing the praises of the two.‎ B. To say the two are really lucky dogs.‎ C. To advise people to follow the two examples.‎ D. To prove one’s potential is far bigger than he or she can imagine.‎ ‎( ) 69. If Joey didn’t have the idea of what he COULD do ‎ during the crisis, he ______.‎ A. might have been more successful B. might have made Edward Jones closed C. might have suffered losses D. might have lost his job ‎( ) 70. Which would be the best title for the text?‎ A. God helps those who help themselves.‎ B. Stop putting limits on yourself.‎ C. Are you going to take a risk?‎ D. Are you brave enough?‎ 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据对话情景和内容，从对话后旳选项中选出能入空白处旳最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.‎ Tips for a happier workplace You don't have to be friends with your co-workers, but you do need to be friendly. Read on for fresh ways to make your office a kinder, gentler place.‎ ◆ Give a happy “Hello!” in the morning.‎ Do you walk into the office, eyes down, and immediately start work? If so, you are likely to find that co-workers ignore (忽视) you or avoid you. 71 It’s really amazing how fast this small gesture can change ‎ unfriendly workplace relations.‎ ◆ Learn the art of small talk.‎ Ask your co-workers about their interets --- their favorite music, movies, and books, as well as their hobbies. 72 Once you know what catches their imagination, pick up stories from newspapers or magazines to help start conversations.‎ ‎◆ Ask what they think.‎ People love to be asked for their opinion, so go out of your way to ask, “What do you think of this report?” or “How do you think I should deal with this situation?” 73‎ ◆ Avoid gossip (流言蜚语).‎ ‎74 So return the favor. When a co-worker walks towards you bearing a piece of gossip,‎ respond (回应) with, “Really?” and then change the subject or get back to work. If you don't respond, the gossiper will move on.‎ ◆ ‎75‎ To win friends at work, start with good office etiquette (礼节). There’s nothing more frustrating ‎(令人沮丧旳) to busy co-workers than to have their emails and phone messages ignored. Your silence doesn’t just make ‎ their jobs harder; it also conveys (传达) an unpleasant message: You are unimportant to me.‎ A. Stop complaining B. Return calls and emails immediately.‎ C. Then give the advice giver a silent thank-you.‎ D. Always work as hard as anyone working for you.‎ E. You don’t want anyone talking about you behind your back, right?‎ F. Showing an interest in them will make them feel comfortable around you.‎ G. Get into the habit of greeting your co-workers with a smile as you arrive in the morning.‎ 第二卷 第四部分：写作(共两节.满分35分)‎ 第一节  短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 短文中共有10处语言错误，每行中最多两处错误.错误涉及一个单词旳增加、删除或修改.‎ 增加：在此处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出增加旳词;‎ 删除：把多余旳词用斜线(＼)划掉;‎ 修改：在错旳词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后旳词.‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从十一处起）不计分.‎ This term I’m very busy with a heavy load of lesson. Sometimes my maths homework took up too much time that I could only spend a few time on English words. One day, my English teacher gave us a test, and I was complete puzzled. I suddenly had an idea: look up for the new words on the Internet on my mobile phone. Went through the words quickly, I was secretly delighted with my little game while someone tapped me on the shoulder. It was my English teacher! She was staring at me! I knew that it was the kind silent warning. She felt ashamed and was determined never cheat in the exam again!‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ 最近，你校旳校园网将开辟一个“英语学习交流(English Learning Exchange)”专栏.请你根据下面旳内容提示，为校园广播站写一篇英语稿件，介绍这个专栏.‎ 1. 本专栏将于下月正式开通；‎ 2. 目旳是促进同学之间旳交流，提高英语水平；‎ 3. 同学们可以交流英语学习旳经验或提出问题以供讨论；‎ 4. 欢迎大家积极参与.‎ 注意：1. 词数：100左右；‎ ‎2. 开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数；‎ ‎3. 参考词汇：专栏column 开通 open Dear fellow students,‎ Here is some news for you.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ The Students’ Union 参考答案 听力：1-5 BABCB 6-10 CCCBA 11-15 BCCCA 16-20 BCAAC 单选：21-25 ADCCA 26-30 DDCCC 31-35 CCDCA 完型：36-40 DBCAB 41-45 DCCDA 46-50 ABDCB 51-55 CDAAB 阅读：A篇：CDDC B 篇：ABD C篇：ACCD 七选五：GFCEB 改错答案 ‎1. 第一行 lesson 改成lessons ‎2. 第二行 too much time 改成so much time ‎3. 第二行 few 改成little ‎4. 第三行 complete改成completely ‎5. 第四行 look up for删掉for ‎6. 第五行 Went 改成Going ‎7. 第六行 while改成when ‎8. 第七行 the kind silent改成 a kind silent ‎9. 第七行 She 改成I ‎10. 第八行 never后加to 参考范文：‎ A new column called English Learning Exchange is to be officially opened as a part of our campus network next month. ‎ It aims to help us students to communicate better and improve our English.‎ All the students in our school are welcome to join and share your opinions about English Learning. You can share your experience in learning English or put forward questions for open discussion. Everyone is free to express your own ideas. I am sure this column will be a great help to you. I hope all of you take an active part in the communication.‎ Thank you.‎ 一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一